480:. During the proper military campaign season, the Ottomans assembled a large army, estimated by contemporary western sources at about 90,000-150,000 soldiers, under the command of Sultan Mehmed II and entered Moldavia in June 1476. Dennis Deletant and Keith Hitchins regard these numbers as accurate, but according to Kármán Gábor, these sources are undoubtedly exaggerated, the fact that the first 100,000-strong army in Ottoman military history was formed during the reign of Selim II and that Ottoman military records kept at the time of the war recorded that the army was close to 30,000 shows that western sources give exaggerated numbers. Meanwhile, groups of
515:
with the bones of the dead, other
Christian sources say that the losses were very small for the Moldavians. The Polish chronicler Jan Długosz estimates them at "more than 200 dead", and the Italian Giovanni Maria Angiolello states that "about 200 were killed and about 800 captured". Given the subsequent course of events, Stephen likely saved most of his army, which he regrouped and used to constantly harass the Ottomans.
506:
artillery. The next day, on 26 July 1476, after an artillery duel, the main
Ottoman forces were lured into a forest that was set on fire, causing some casualties to the attacking Ottoman army in the forest. According to another battle description, the defending Moldavian forces repelled several attacks with steady fire from hand-guns. The attacking Ottoman
570:(set in the final year of Stephen's reign), one can find a description of the battle in the form of a dialog between the daughters and widows of the boyars who had fallen in the battle, in which they describe how their respective fathers and husbands had to drag Stephen out of the battle, as he desperately tried to keep fighting.
501:
The
Ottoman army crossed the Danube in the second half of June 1476, then advanced on the Siret Valley, towards Suceava. Under these conditions, Stephen strengthened the fortresses and sent part of the army against the Tatars, succeeding in driving them out of the country, cutting the supplies of the
492:
forces "occupied
Bessarabia and took Akkerman, gaining control of the southern mouth of the Danube. Stephan tried to avoid open battle with the Ottomans by following a scorched-earth policy." In the process the Moldavians forces ended up being dispersed throughout the country, leaving only a small
514:
Stephen, after a fierce resistance, overwhelmed by the number of opponents, was forced to abandon the camp and retreat through the forest. Although the
Moldavian chronicler Grigore Ureche says that both the Ottomans and Stephen suffered heavy losses, saying that the entire battlefield was covered
510:
were forced to crouch on their stomachs instead of charging headlong into the defenders' positions. Seeing the imminent defeat of his forces, Mehmed charged with his personal guard against the
Moldavians, managing to rally the Janissaries, and turning the tide of the battle. Ottoman Janissaries
502:
Ottomans. Without receiving help from the Poles or
Hungarians, Stephen was forced to oppose the invading army with only about 10,000-12,000 soldiers. He established his camp on a high plateau, that he fortified with trenches, palisades and wagons linked together, according to the Hussite model.
505:
On 25 July 1476, Stephen attacked the
Ottoman vanguard led by the beylerbey of Rumelia, Süleyman Hadambul, whom he had previously defeated at the Battle of Vaslui. He inflicted heavy losses, but the arrival of the main Ottoman army forced him to retreat to the fortified camp, sheltered by the
52:
193:
488:(the Ottomans' recent ally) were sent to attack Moldavia. According to Dennis Deletant and Keith Hitchins, they were repelled. But according to Shaw Stanford that joint Ottoman and
186:
733:
Kármán, Gábor; Kunčevic, Lovro, eds. (2013). The
European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004246065.
665:
Kármán, Gábor; Kunčevic, Lovro, eds. (2013). The
European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004246065.
2894:
527:
and began forming another army. The Ottomans captured considerable parts of Moldavian territory but were unable to conquer some of the major Moldavian strongholds such as
554:'s command. Confronted with this army and with Stephen's counterattack, the Ottomans retreated from major parts of Moldavia in August 1476 to come back again in 1480.
179:
2306:
2859:
2287:
895:
539:
and were constantly harassed by small-scale Moldavians attacks. Soon they were also confronted with starvation, a situation made worse by an outbreak of the
2771:
1485:
1982:
886:
2879:
1420:
1401:
2805:
2780:
1087:
1539:
229:
1781:
2869:
2864:
2854:
1565:
991:
1776:
2889:
2849:
1200:
1101:
1887:
567:
524:
855:
845:
801:
773:
636:
2715:
2033:
2027:
2022:
2016:
1244:
949:
2060:
1800:
1625:
2631:
984:
454:
2114:
1812:
2725:
2693:
2282:
2138:
2049:
2044:
2039:
879:
1960:
821:
2709:
2560:
2369:
2456:
2535:
2379:
2072:
1249:
1765:
1674:
1592:
204:
2884:
2874:
2605:
1894:
1881:
1706:
1618:
1585:
1544:
1186:
908:
793:
476:
under their control, at winter by using an army of Rumelian local levies, ended disastrously with a defeat in the
302:
2054:
1787:
1771:
1441:
1427:
1347:
1264:
278:
1660:
1310:
307:
2730:
2435:
2225:
2145:
2132:
2005:
1994:
1510:
1234:
872:
360:
117:
2565:
1832:
1688:
336:
2844:
2703:
2687:
2647:
2641:
2598:
2410:
2374:
2277:
2261:
2243:
2230:
2185:
2180:
2151:
2066:
1918:
1905:
1859:
1847:
1827:
1806:
1752:
1746:
1229:
1157:
1151:
379:
355:
2587:
2384:
2357:
2156:
2127:
1716:
1681:
1533:
1478:
1387:
1380:
1321:
1169:
1141:
1107:
1047:
297:
43:
680:
438:
75:
2611:
2545:
2525:
2352:
2195:
2161:
1646:
1606:
1407:
1366:
1112:
1062:
928:
398:
244:
2576:
2272:
1900:
1817:
1639:
757:
1599:
312:
2636:
2540:
2515:
2481:
2430:
2363:
2325:
2190:
2167:
2121:
2000:
1875:
1853:
1794:
1740:
1729:
1527:
1504:
1491:
1359:
1295:
1146:
1080:
1052:
1030:
1018:
1012:
706:
551:
461:
386:
260:
129:
2663:
2658:
2582:
2570:
2530:
2486:
2220:
1924:
1837:
1722:
1653:
1453:
1394:
1333:
1270:
1068:
1035:
956:
2745:
2740:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2469:
2440:
2404:
2399:
2389:
2292:
2205:
2200:
2087:
2010:
1940:
1934:
1522:
1373:
1340:
1239:
1224:
1219:
1129:
1124:
1118:
963:
222:
113:
2417:
2347:
1929:
2669:
2653:
2621:
2463:
2445:
2424:
2267:
2236:
1988:
1954:
1911:
1864:
1822:
1735:
1711:
1700:
1667:
1516:
1471:
1447:
1413:
1005:
998:
977:
970:
935:
864:
851:
847:
The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
797:
769:
701:
632:
450:
331:
319:
289:
256:
134:
2698:
2336:
2330:
2174:
2107:
1842:
1550:
1327:
1315:
1289:
1276:
1259:
1094:
1074:
1057:
1041:
942:
681:"Bătălia de la Războieni - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România"
532:
477:
268:
236:
493:
force of about 10,000–12,000 men, led by Stephen himself, to face the main Ottoman attack.
2750:
2735:
2720:
2616:
2555:
2550:
2510:
2450:
2394:
2342:
2215:
2210:
1965:
1947:
1869:
1758:
1694:
1612:
1497:
1254:
1163:
1135:
1024:
825:
749:
485:
458:
367:
249:
2626:
2520:
2475:
1632:
1305:
899:
753:
540:
489:
104:
2838:
2592:
1434:
1300:
599:
547:
343:
17:
656:
D. Deletant, K. Hitchins, History of Romania, Ed. Corint, Bucharest, 2002, p. 157
626:
511:
penetrated inside the forest and engaged the defenders in man-to-man fighting.
818:
347:
323:
285:
2820:
2807:
507:
402:
523:
Stephen retreated into the north-western part of Moldavia or even into the
473:
446:
434:
430:
371:
218:
171:
109:
790:
History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey – Vol 1: Empire of Gazis
528:
481:
79:
51:
536:
868:
175:
828:(The special role of artillery in the larger Moldavian armies)
768:] (in Romanian). Bucharest: Ed. Corint. pp. 157–158.
146:
90,000–150,000 according to Dennis Deletant and Keith Hitchins
819:
Rolul distinctiv al artileriei în marile oşti moldoveneşti
546:
Meanwhile, anti-Ottoman forces were being assembled in
2679:
2318:
2305:
2253:
2099:
2086:
1974:
1577:
1564:
1463:
1212:
1199:
1179:
920:
907:
36:
586:
880:
844:Kármán, Gábor; Kunčevic, Lovro, eds. (2013).
187:
8:
2772:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
2315:
2096:
1574:
1209:
917:
887:
873:
865:
194:
180:
172:
33:
724:, Vol. 3, (Greenwood Press, 2007), 1058.
652:
650:
648:
579:
472:In 1475 the Ottoman's attempt to bring
2781:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
675:
673:
671:
2895:Battles of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars
2767:For 20th-century battles before 1914
743:
741:
739:
722:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z
631:. Yakın Plan Yayınları. p. 168.
37:Battle of Valea Albă/Războieni/Akdere
7:
2860:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
696:
694:
2776:For the battles during World War I
625:Öztuna, Yılmaz (29 October 2023).
457:which was commanded personally by
25:
562:In the Romanian theatrical play
429:, was an important event in the
148:30,000 according to Kármán Gábor
50:
2880:Battles of Mehmed the Conqueror
445:, on 26 July 1476, between the
1:
628:Fatih; Büyük Kartalın gölgesi
27:Battle in present day Romania
710:(in Romanian). 26 July 2005.
568:Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea
230:Khillia and White Fortresses
2870:History of Western Moldavia
2865:Military history of Romania
2855:Battles involving Wallachia
2911:
2890:1476 in the Ottoman Empire
2850:Battles involving Moldavia
794:Cambridge University Press
760:; Pompiliu Teodor (2002).
587:Kármán & Kunčevic 2013
2791:Ottoman victories are in
2789:
2763:
788:Shaw, Stanford J. (1976)
215:
157:
140:
123:
98:
58:
49:
41:
685:enciclopediaromaniei.ro
206:Moldavian–Ottoman Wars
124:Commanders and leaders
44:Moldavian-Ottoman Wars
158:Casualties and losses
462:Mehmed the Conqueror
421:, also known as the
419:Battle of Valea Albă
130:Mehmed the Conqueror
2821:47.0783°N 26.5603°E
2817: /
437:. It took place at
423:Battle of Războieni
166:1,000 and 11 boyars
18:Battle of Războieni
824:2007-09-27 at the
766:History of Romania
748:Mihai Bărbulescu;
399:Vieniamin Costache
223:Alexander the Good
114:Kingdom of Hungary
2885:Stephen the Great
2875:Conflicts in 1476
2800:
2799:
2759:
2758:
2310:(1789–1908)
2301:
2300:
2091:(1700–1789)
2082:
2081:
1569:(1550–1700)
1560:
1559:
1204:(1453–1550)
1195:
1194:
912:(1299–1453)
850:. Leiden: Brill.
758:Șerban Papacostea
707:Jurnalul Național
600:"Tartalomjegyzék"
552:Stephen V Báthory
451:Stephen the Great
412:
411:
320:Michael the Brave
239: (1443-1444)
170:
169:
135:Stephen the Great
94:
93:
16:(Redirected from
2902:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:47.0783; 26.5603
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2694:2nd Kerch Strait
2316:
2311:
2283:1st Kerch Strait
2097:
2092:
1575:
1570:
1540:Strait of Hormuz
1402:Peñón of Algiers
1210:
1205:
918:
913:
889:
882:
875:
866:
861:
831:
815:
811:
805:
786:
780:
779:
762:Istoria României
745:
734:
731:
725:
718:
712:
711:
702:"Moment Istoric"
698:
689:
688:
677:
666:
663:
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654:
643:
642:
622:
616:
615:
613:
611:
596:
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584:
478:Battle of Vaslui
453:and an invading
441:, also known as
427:Battle of Akdere
237:Crusade of Varna
210:
209:
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196:
189:
182:
173:
60:
59:
54:
34:
21:
2910:
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2835:
2834:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2785:
2755:
2716:6th Dardanelles
2710:5th Dardanelles
2675:
2309:
2308:
2297:
2249:
2090:
2089:
2078:
2034:4th Dardanelles
2028:3rd Dardanelles
2023:2nd Dardanelles
2017:1st Dardanelles
1970:
1782:2nd Zrínyiújvár
1777:1st Zrínyiújvár
1772:Jurjeve Stijene
1568:
1567:
1556:
1459:
1203:
1202:
1191:
1175:
911:
910:
903:
893:
858:
843:
840:
835:
834:
826:Wayback Machine
813:
812:
808:
787:
783:
776:
750:Dennis Deletant
747:
746:
737:
732:
728:
719:
715:
700:
699:
692:
679:
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669:
664:
660:
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646:
639:
624:
623:
619:
609:
607:
598:
597:
593:
585:
581:
576:
560:
521:
499:
486:Crimean Khanate
470:
415:
414:
413:
408:
368:Gaspar Graziani
211:
205:
203:
202:
200:
152:
147:
116:
112:
90:Ottoman victory
82:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2908:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:1476 in Europe
2837:
2836:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2774:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
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2661:
2656:
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2614:
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2602:
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2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2501:
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2484:
2479:
2472:
2467:
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2453:
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2443:
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2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
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2255:
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2250:
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2247:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2094:
2084:
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2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2006:Cape Celidonia
2003:
1998:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1803:
1801:Saint Gotthard
1798:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1675:Alcácer Quibir
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1581:
1579:
1572:
1566:Transformation
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1520:
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1501:
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1457:
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1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1170:Constantinople
1166:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1105:
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1091:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
924:
922:
915:
905:
904:
900:Ottoman Empire
898:involving the
894:
892:
891:
884:
877:
869:
863:
862:
856:
839:
836:
833:
832:
806:
781:
774:
754:Keith Hitchins
735:
726:
713:
690:
667:
658:
644:
637:
617:
606:(in Hungarian)
591:
589:, p. 266.
578:
577:
575:
572:
559:
556:
525:Polish Kingdom
520:
517:
498:
495:
469:
466:
410:
409:
407:
406:
395:
394:
383:
382:
376:
375:
364:
363:
358:
352:
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328:
327:
316:
315:
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305:
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264:
253:
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216:
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201:
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160:
159:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
121:
120:
107:
105:Ottoman Empire
101:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
78:, present-day
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
47:
46:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2907:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
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857:9789004246065
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814:(in Romanian)
810:
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802:0-521-29163-1
799:
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792:, Cambridge:
791:
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775:973-653-215-1
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720:Tony Jaques,
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564:Apus de Soare
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2319:Land battles
2260:
2242:
2235:
2173:
2166:
2144:
2137:
2133:2nd Belgrade
2128:Petrovaradin
2120:
2113:
2106:
2100:Land battles
2071:
2059:
2032:
2015:
1993:
1981:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1919:Egri Palanka
1917:
1910:
1893:
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1578:Land battles
1549:
1545:Gulf of Oman
1532:
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1353:
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1269:
1235:1st Belgrade
1213:Land battles
1168:
1156:
1134:
1117:
1108:Hermannstadt
1100:
1093:
1088:Thessalonica
1086:
1079:
1067:
1040:
1023:
1013:Philadelphia
1011:
1004:
997:
992:Sırp Sındığı
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
929:Kulaca Hisar
927:
921:Land battles
846:
838:Bibliography
830:, April 2000
817:
809:
789:
784:
765:
761:
729:
721:
716:
705:
684:
661:
627:
620:
608:. Retrieved
603:
594:
582:
563:
561:
548:Transylvania
545:
522:
513:
504:
500:
471:
455:Ottoman army
442:
426:
422:
418:
416:
391:
387:
344:Jan Zamoyski
273:
217:
99:Belligerents
66:26 July 1476
42:Part of the
29:
2824: /
2612:Shipka Pass
2566:Başgedikler
2561:Akhaltsikhe
2526:Akhaltsikhe
2370:Mount Tabor
2353:Shubra Khit
2288:2nd Ochakov
2231:2nd Ochakov
2191:Stavunchany
2186:1st Ochakov
1730:Nagykanizsa
1408:Leobersdorf
508:Janissaries
433:history of
405:(1806-1812)
392:(1710-1711)
388:Pruth River
326:(1593-1606)
292:(1484-1499)
290:Stephen III
263:(1473-1479)
257:Stephen III
2839:Categories
2812:26°33′37″E
2809:47°04′42″N
2606:Kızıl Tepe
2482:Dervenakia
2380:Heliopolis
2244:Karánsebes
2168:Banja Luka
2088:Old Regime
2073:Samothrace
2001:Cape Corvo
1895:Negroponte
1882:2nd Mohács
1876:Vrtijeljka
1843:2nd Vienna
1828:2nd Khotyn
1813:Krasnobród
1753:1st Khotyn
1741:Tashiskari
1707:Călugăreni
1654:Gvozdansko
1626:Mostaganem
1505:Formentera
1498:1st Jeddah
1395:1st Mohács
1360:Mercidabık
1296:Breadfield
1283:Valea Albă
1245:Târgoviște
1230:2nd Oranik
1158:2nd Kosovo
1152:1st Oranik
1053:Karanovasa
1019:Dubravnica
985:Adrianople
816:Akademia,
574:References
558:In fiction
468:Background
443:Valea Albă
348:Mehmed III
324:Mehmed III
286:Bayezid II
274:Valea Albă
2664:Velestino
2659:Al Wajbah
2583:Eupatoria
2571:Kurekdere
2531:Kulevicha
2487:Karpenisi
2457:Drăgășani
2221:Kozludzha
2157:Yeghevārd
2061:Oinousses
1925:Slankamen
1838:Trembowla
1788:Novi Zrin
1723:Keresztes
1717:2nd Brest
1682:1st Brest
1454:Sokhoista
1442:Esztergom
1367:Han Yunus
1311:Cătlăbuga
1271:Otlukbeli
1250:2nd Mokra
1187:Gallipoli
1142:1st Mokra
1102:Novo Brdo
1069:Nicopolis
1048:Kırkdilim
971:Gallipoli
957:Pelekanon
519:Aftermath
484:from the
447:Moldavian
439:Războieni
403:Mahmud II
308:Cătlăbuga
261:Mehmed II
118:Lithuania
76:Războieni
2746:Navarino
2741:Gerontas
2704:Kaliakra
2637:Taşkesen
2627:4th Kars
2593:3rd Kars
2588:Chernaya
2577:Oltenița
2541:2nd Acre
2516:2nd Kars
2505:Phaleron
2498:Kamatero
2492:Arachova
2470:Vasilika
2441:Valtetsi
2405:Al-Safra
2400:Slobozia
2390:Arpachai
2364:1st Acre
2358:Pyramids
2293:Fidonisi
2206:Aspindza
2201:Khresili
2196:1st Kars
2055:Mytilene
2011:Focchies
1941:Moulouya
1935:Ustechko
1901:Batočina
1818:Niemirów
1766:Köbölkút
1593:Temesvár
1523:Girolata
1486:Balearic
1374:Ridanieh
1354:Koçhisar
1341:Turnadag
1334:Çaldıran
1240:Albulena
1225:Krusevac
1220:Leskovac
1130:Torvioll
1125:Kunovica
1119:Zlatitsa
964:Demotika
822:Archived
474:Moldavia
449:army of
435:Moldavia
431:medieval
372:Osman II
337:Șelimbăr
303:Akkerman
219:Mehmed I
141:Strength
110:Moldavia
71:Location
2793:italics
2731:Nauplia
2726:Algiers
2670:Domokos
2654:Mouzaki
2642:Novšiće
2622:Aladzha
2599:Al-Hasa
2536:Algiers
2464:Sculeni
2446:Doliana
2436:Erzurum
2425:Alamana
2337:Giurgiu
2326:Focșani
2268:Matapan
2237:Mehadia
2226:Kinburn
2181:Perekop
2146:Samarra
2139:Kurijan
2050:Algiers
2045:Algiers
2040:Algiers
1989:Lepanto
1912:Zernest
1906:2nd Niš
1865:Eperjes
1848:Párkány
1823:Komarno
1807:Ładyżyn
1736:Sufiyan
1712:Giurgiu
1668:Torches
1640:Szigeth
1619:Tlemcen
1586:Tlemcen
1528:Alborán
1517:Preveza
1472:Zonchio
1448:Karagak
1428:Algiers
1421:Baghdad
1414:Gorjani
1388:Tlemcen
1348:Algiers
1290:Shkodra
1147:Otonetë
1113:1st Niš
1095:Golubac
1081:Çamurlu
1031:Pločnik
1006:Maritsa
999:Samokov
978:Ihtiman
936:Bapheus
896:Battles
610:29 June
604:oszk.hu
529:Suceava
482:Tartars
425:or the
361:Suceava
332:Giurgiu
80:Romania
2699:Tendra
2688:Andros
2648:Ulcinj
2617:Plevna
2431:Gravia
2411:Jeddah
2375:Abukir
2343:Izmail
2331:Rymnik
2278:Patras
2262:Imbros
2175:Grocka
2152:Kirkuk
2108:Chelif
2067:Andros
1983:Cyprus
1888:Crimea
1759:Candia
1747:Cecora
1661:Çıldır
1600:Palast
1551:Djerba
1328:Dubica
1322:Krbava
1316:Vrpile
1277:Vaslui
1260:Vaikal
1075:Ankara
1058:Rovine
1042:Kosovo
1036:Bileća
950:Nicaea
943:Dimbos
902:by era
854:
800:
772:
635:
550:under
541:plague
535:, and
497:Battle
459:Sultan
380:Cecora
374:(1620)
356:Cecora
350:(1595)
313:Scheia
298:Chilia
269:Vaslui
225:(1420)
163:30,000
153:20,000
151:12,000
87:Result
2751:Sinop
2736:Samos
2721:Athos
2556:Nezib
2551:Konya
2521:Varna
2511:Petra
2451:Lalas
2418:Čegar
2395:Batin
2385:Derna
2348:Măcin
2273:Çeşme
2216:Kagul
2211:Larga
2162:Ganja
2122:Pruth
1995:Tunis
1966:Zenta
1948:Lugos
1930:Hodów
1870:Kassa
1795:Jijel
1701:Banat
1695:Sisak
1689:Bihać
1633:Krupa
1613:Tadla
1534:Ponza
1511:Tunis
1479:Modon
1381:Jajce
1306:Adana
1265:Meçad
1255:Ohrid
1164:Polog
1136:Varna
1063:Ohrid
1025:Savra
764:[
537:Hotin
533:Neamț
250:Varna
2546:Hims
2476:Peta
2115:Oran
1961:Azov
1955:Ulaş
1854:Buda
1833:Lwów
1435:Pest
909:Rise
852:ISBN
804:p.68
798:ISBN
770:ISBN
633:ISBN
612:2023
417:The
401:and
370:and
346:and
322:and
288:and
259:and
245:Nish
221:and
63:Date
2778:see
2769:see
1860:Vác
1647:Fez
1607:Fez
1492:Diu
1301:Una
566:by
2841::
796:,
756:;
752:;
738:^
704:.
693:^
683:.
670:^
647:^
602:.
543:.
531:,
464:.
2795:.
888:e
881:t
874:v
860:.
778:.
687:.
641:.
614:.
195:e
188:t
181:v
20:)
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