754:. Since their earlier failed attacks, the US troops around Roosevelt Ridge had been patrolling the area and observing the Japanese forces, aided by the PIB. By 12 August, orders were passed for a renewed effort. The 2nd Battalion, under Major Arthur Lowe, was tasked with the main assault from its position on the southern slope of the ridge, while Morris' 3rd Battalion assaulted on their left, on the eastern part of Scout Ridge. The main assault commenced early on 13 August, but it was preceded by a patrol from the 2nd Battalion establishing an outpost about 2,000 yards (1,800 m) from Boisi. This position was attacked by the Japanese throughout the night, but the US troops managed to hold their position. Heavy preparatory fires fell on Japanese position to the front and flanks, before the attack began with two companies pushing forward. In the ensuing fighting the Japanese lost 39 men killed, while the US forces had 25 killed or wounded, as they penetrated the Japanese perimeter in three locations. Overnight, the Japanese attempted to reinforce the position with 200 men from the 238th Infantry Regiment, but the following morning the two US companies were able to effect a link up at the western end of the ridge. The remainder of the position was then subjected to heavy fire from Bofors guns that had been dragged onto a knoll opposite the ridge, and were fired horizontally into the Japanese position, devastating the Japanese defenders and tearing up the jungle.
719:
was slow and on the coast, the US company was held up around Lake Salu while a platoon from the PIB destroyed one of the
Japanese outposts around Boisi on 20 July. The US company was then able to occupy Boisi, but found itself receiving harassing fire from Roosevelt Ridge, which stretched from the sea about 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) to the west. The 2nd Battalion, 162nd was subsequently brought up to Tambu Bay as preparations were made for an attack on Roosevelt Ridge. The Australian divisional commander, Savige, to whom Coane Force was subordinated, suggested an attack from the west, which would allow the US troops to advance downhill; however, Coane determined he would assault from the east. A platoon from the PIB scouted the area, and then this was followed by an attack by two companies: 'K' and 'I'. The Japanese defenders rolled hand grenades down the steep slope and fired mortars down on the attacking Americans. Upon cresting the hill small arms fire engaged them from several concealed positions. With this the assault was turned back. A second attempt was made later that day, but again it was defeated and two days later the two US companies withdrew from the ridge. Afterwards, 'I' Company secured the western end of the ridge around Scout Ridge, which lay opposite Roosevelt Ridge, separated by a deep ravine.
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on the crest, the
Americans sought to find a break in the Japanese defences. Nevertheless, once again, on reaching the crest they began taking heavy fire, and although they established themselves firmly on a shoulder of ground below the ridge, they could go no further. A second company – 'F' Company – was brought up, moving in beside 'E' Company on their left, and a further assault was made on 28 July, but again this was defeated. The Americans then dug-in while the Japanese harassed them with tracer fire throughout the night. For several days, the US troops made more unsuccessful attempts to win the position. In early August, the Japanese launched an uphill attack on 'I' Company on Scout Ridge. This was repelled, but they continued for several nights until the Americans took the Bald Knob feature further down Scout Ridge. In the week that followed, Japanese troops raided the US positions, severing communications.
41:
703:
locating several
Japanese elements around Boisi including marines and soldiers from the III Battalion of the 66th Infantry Regiment, which were orientated to defend against a landing around Tambu Bay. In addition to these forces, which numbered about 250 men, further Japanese forces which had fallen back from Mubo had also established themselves in force on a ridge overlooking the bay. This ridge, which provided good observation of Tambu Bay, allowing the Japanese to fire artillery down on to the landing beaches, was later named Roosevelt Ridge by the Americans, naming it after Major
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699:, regarding whether or not the US troops were under Australian command. The main body of the 162nd Infantry Regiment, consisting of Lieutenant Colonel Harold Taylor's 1st Battalion and Roosevelt's 3rd Battalion, were tasked with undertaking a flanking drive along the coast north of Nassau Bay towards Logui, as part of the three-pronged Allied drive on Salamaua. Crossing the Bitoi River, the US troops had advanced north along the narrow isthmus east of Lake Salus towards Tambu Bay.
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735:, while Australian forward observers were sent out from Tambu Bay to marry up with the Australian 15th and 17th Brigades further to the north-west. Japanese forces estimated that 4,000 rounds fell on their position in this period. The Japanese responded with counter-battery fire throughout late July, and an air raid by a single bomber on 24 July.
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as part of an operation to secure Lae, which Allied planners considered more important than
Salamaua itself. Pressure had been maintained on Salamaua in an effort to try to draw reinforcements away from Lae; however, as the Lae operation developed, the Japanese moved about 5,000 to 6,000 troops away
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The
Americans renewed their attack on Roosevelt Ridge on 27 July. A force of 100 soldiers from 'E' Company were assigned this time, using a creek line to parallel the ridge, and move up through the dense jungle. Pushing to the west and then hooking back towards a spur that led towards a small knoll
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On 15 July, a company from the 2nd
Battalion of the 162nd Infantry Regiment landed on Lababia Island. Three days later the main US drive on Tambu Bay commenced, with two companies striking towards the north via an inland route, while another hand-railed the coast, guided by PIB scouts. The advance
796:, after a brief engagement with the Japanese rearguard. Losses in the campaign amounted to 1,083 killed or wounded for the Australians with 343 being killed and 8,100 for the Japanese, 2,722 men being killed. In addition, the US 162nd lost 81 killed and 396 wounded throughout the entire campaign.
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was secured on 18 August, and operations in the area continued through the final week of August. The capture of
Roosevelt Ridge enabled Allied artillery observers to control fires more effectively around Salamaua and in the days following they began shelling Tambu Bay heavily, while patrols were
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were landed at Tambu Bay. These were reinforced with two more guns on 24 July, while a second troop was landed the following week. Working in conjunction with the larger US 105 mm pieces, these guns were later used to help reduce the
Japanese defences around the Salamaua region, with aerial
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was made in early July by US troops, and they subsequently began a drive north along the coast. By mid-July, they came up against strong
Japanese forces along a ridge overlooking Tambu Bay, which was later dubbed Roosevelt Ridge, after one of the US battalion commanders. Over course of July and
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Tasked with securing a beachhead around the bay, and providing artillery support to the
Australians fighting around Komiatum and Bobdubi, elements of the PIB under the command of Captain Ernest Hitchcock, were pushed ahead of the US force to scout the area, and around 14 July they succeeded in
631:, Allied planners determined the need to relieve some of the logistics burden on their aircraft by seizing Nassau Bay, which was about 15 miles (24 km) south of the Allies' ultimate objective. Over the course of several days in early July, one reinforced battalion of the
651:(PIB) provided flank security and after the landing, the US troops established a beachhead at Nassau Bay. Following the initial landing, two more battalions of the 162nd Infantry Regiment were landed at Nassau Bay along with Australian and US artillery support.
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headquarters took over from the 3rd Division, and the Australians launched the final effort to secure Salamaua. Bad weather hampered their efforts, but the airfield and surrounding area was eventually secured on 11 September, by Australian forces from the
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made several attempts at capturing the ridge. Progress was slow, though, and this – coupled with inter-Allied service politics – strained relations between US and Australian commanders before the ridge was eventually carried in mid-August.
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as they had pushed the Japanese back towards Salamaua. As the campaign had developed, the Japanese had brought in reinforcements from elsewhere in New Guinea, effectively reducing their garrison, particularly around Lae. Following
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Following further fighting around Mubo, the Japanese began to withdraw to avoid encirclement as the Allies advanced towards Salamaua on the coast. At the same time, in early July, an ad hoc force under Brigadier General
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pushed forward of the ridge with a view to eventually clearing the Japanese from the Scout Ridge junction and pushing north of Roosevelt Ridge. Around the same time, the Allies launched a
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was landed at Nassau and Tambu Bays in early August and subsequently used secure positions around Davidson Ridge and Scout Ridge as part of efforts to
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Australian soldiers observe the fall of shot during an artillery fire mission on Roosevelt Ridge
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Map of key locations during the fighting around Salamaua. Roosevelt Ridge is marked as "RR".
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Following the fighting around Roosevelt Ridge, the Allied advance on Salamaua continued.
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The Japanese troops holding the area around area were drawn from the 3rd Battalion,
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was fought between 21 July and 14 August 1943 between US and Japanese forces in the
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1204:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 186–209.
658:—under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Fukuzo Kimura—the 3rd Battalion,
687:'s artillery commander – was established reporting to Major General
573:. The battle was fought in conjunction with several other actions of the
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1187:. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 6. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
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The lack of progress concerned the Allied commanders and subsequently
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707:, the commander of the 3rd Battalion of the 162nd Infantry Regiment.
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James, Karl (2014). "The 'Salamaua Magnet'". In Dean, Peter (ed.).
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earlier in the year. As Australian forces were fighting around
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from Salamaua by sea, abandoning the badly bomb damaged town.
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The Second World War and its Australian Army Battle Honours
1262:. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Papua New Guinea Goodwill Society.
1140:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
590:, the Australians had begun securing positions around
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Battles of World War II involving the United States
1243:. East Roseville, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press.
666:. These forces were reinforced by elements of the
1226:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
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1159:. Sydney, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
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1202:Australia 1943: The Liberation of New Guinea
1325:Battles of World War II involving Australia
1315:South West Pacific theatre of World War II
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1157:The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles
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1283:The Battles For and Around Salamaua
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779:In early September, Major General
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1288:Pushing Back: Wau to Salamaua
57:21 July – 14 August 1943
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1224:South West Pacific 1941–45
773:airborne landing at Nadzab
1239:Maitland, Gordon (1999).
1180:The New Guinea Offensives
1136:Bradley, Phillip (2010).
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588:fighting on Lababia Ridge
559:Battle of Roosevelt Ridge
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1310:1943 in Papua New Guinea
1258:Tanaka, Kengoro (1980).
645:2/6th Infantry Battalion
519:Neutralisation of Rabaul
485:Markham-Ramu-Finisterres
748:42nd Infantry Battalion
668:238th Infantry Regiment
664:115th Infantry Regiment
660:102nd Infantry Regiment
633:162nd Infantry Regiment
608:162nd Infantry Regiment
567:Territory of New Guinea
248:238th Infantry Regiment
244:115th Infantry Regiment
240:102nd Infantry Regiment
223:162nd Infantry Regiment
67:Territory of New Guinea
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685:41st Infantry Division
656:66th Infantry Regiment
236:66th Infantry Regiment
166:Commanders and leaders
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603:landing at Nassau Bay
575:Salamaua–Lae campaign
288:Salamaua–Lae campaign
1108:Coulthard-Clark 1998
724:2/6th Field Regiment
639:, made an unopposed
637:Archibald MacKechnie
541:Bombing of Hollandia
380:New Guinea campaign
231:2/6th Field Regiment
1086:, pp. 205–206.
1062:, pp. 246–247.
1038:, pp. 183–184.
1026:, pp. 244–246.
1002:, pp. 237–239.
990:, pp. 236–237.
954:, pp. 235–246.
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903:, pp. 231–232.
867:, pp. 231–248.
843:, pp. 300–302.
733:No. 4 Squadron RAAF
705:Archibald Roosevelt
201:Archibald Roosevelt
84: /
1340:August 1943 events
752:secure Mount Tambu
729:Boomerang fighters
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546:Western New Guinea
1305:Conflicts in 1943
1211:978-1-107-03799-1
1050:, pp. 72–74.
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505:Bombing of Rabaul
425:Goodenough Island
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212:Fukuzo Kimura
209:
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146:
134:
133:United States
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97:
68:
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37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1292:
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1240:
1223:
1201:
1179:
1156:
1137:
1129:Bibliography
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1060:Bradley 2010
1055:
1043:
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1024:Bradley 2010
1019:
1007:
1000:Bradley 2010
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877:Bradley 2010
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829:Bradley 2010
824:
812:
785:5th Division
778:
761:
741:
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721:
717:
701:
697:Murray Moten
693:3rd Division
677:
653:
618:
600:
571:World War II
565:area of the
558:
556:
534:
478:
466:
461:Bismarck Sea
435:
415:Kokoda Track
320:
119:Belligerents
29:World War II
1138:To Salamaua
1096:Dexter 1961
1072:Dexter 1961
1036:Dexter 1961
1012:Dexter 1961
964:Tanaka 1980
853:Dexter 1961
764:Mount Tambu
596:Mount Tambu
524:Admiralties
500:New Britain
91: /
33:Pacific War
1299:Categories
1120:James 2014
1084:James 2014
976:James 2014
913:James 2014
889:James 2014
841:Keogh 1965
817:Keogh 1965
800:References
615:Background
490:Wewak Raid
316:Nassau Bay
805:Citations
758:Aftermath
581:and then
535:Take Ichi
479:Chronicle
430:Buna–Gona
420:Milne Bay
410:Coral Sea
145:Australia
1222:(1965).
1177:(1961).
563:Salamaua
436:Lilliput
326:Mt Tambu
79:141°00′E
62:Location
27:Part of
1268:9206229
1232:7185705
1193:2028994
771:and an
629:Bobdubi
592:Bobdubi
569:during
511:1944–45
442:Merauke
311:Lababia
306:Bobdubi
110:victory
76:05°30′S
1266:
1247:
1230:
1208:
1191:
1163:
1144:
674:Battle
529:Emirau
336:Nadzab
156:
142:
130:
108:Allied
104:Result
731:from
159:Japan
1264:OCLC
1245:ISBN
1228:OCLC
1206:ISBN
1189:OCLC
1161:ISBN
1142:ISBN
792:and
790:15th
627:and
625:Mubo
583:Mubo
557:The
467:I-Go
448:1943
392:1942
301:Mubo
54:Date
783:'s
691:'s
621:Wau
579:Wau
456:Wau
331:Lae
1301::
1183:.
944:^
598:.
31:,
1270:.
1253:.
1234:.
1214:.
1195:.
1169:.
1150:.
370:e
363:t
356:v
278:e
271:t
264:v
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