228:
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239:
128:
205:
194:
183:
172:
101:
1050:
858:
261:
141:
39:
1196:
that the fear of death was taken away from us. And when the French came upon us, and overpowered us, we were troubled at our regiment's giving way, and would have stood our ground, and called to the rest to stop and face the enemy, but to no purpose. In the retreat we were broke; yet after we had retreated about a mile, we rallied twice and fired again. We marched a good part of the night and the next day, about four o'clock, we came to this camp."
1082:
250:
152:
949:
921:
865:
879:
893:
935:
907:
1195:
reads; "We marched a mile forward into little parks and orchards, a village being between us and our army: here we remained about three hours, while their right wing was engaged with the Dutch, the cannon playing every where all this time. But we were all endued with strength and courage from God, so
1181:
Extract of a Letter from a Dutch
Officer, Relating to the Action near Liege. "The affair that we had yesterday with the French begun in the evening. The fire which the enemy made upon us from their mask'd batteries, and otherwise, was one of the most terrible ever seen, and it look'd as if hell had
1073:
moved through the town and outflanked
Waldeck, who re-aligned his troops to face this threat. Completing these movements delayed the main French assault until 15:00 and the Dutch put up strong resistance, particularly around the village of Ance, which they finally lost after two hours of heavy
1060:
French cavalry made contact with the
Austrian outposts around 18:00 on 10 October, then halted for the night, and camped outside Liège. Knowing they were substantially outnumbered, Charles of Lorraine ordered the baggage train across the Meuse to allow an orderly retreat, and Ligonier's troops
1089:
A second French attack was made against the
British-German troops in the centre, who were driven out of their fortified positions in Rocoux and Vercoux, before regrouping further back. Although Von Zastrow retained Liers, British and German infantry withdrew towards the Meuse, covered by the
979:
was a compact area 160 kilometres wide, the highest point only 100 metres above sea level, and dominated by canals and rivers. Until the 19th century, commercial and military goods were largely transported by water and wars in this theatre generally fought for control of rivers such as the
1126:
was under instructions to delay, hoping their position in
Flanders would improve. In the January 1747 Hague Convention, Britain agreed to fund Austrian and Sardinian forces in Italy, and an Allied army of 140,000 in Flanders, increasing to 192,000 in 1748.
1182:
opened her mouth to swallow us up. As I was of the rear-guard, and among the hindmost of my troop, in retiring from the field of battle, 'tis a miracle I escaped. As the stragglers come in, we hope to make some abatement in the number said to be lost."
1102:, while the Austrians withdrew over the Jeker, before heading for Maastricht. Estimates of casualties vary, French losses being around 3,000 to 4,000 killed or wounded, those of the Allies between 8,000 and 10,000, including 3,000 prisoners.
1064:
A night of heavy rain was followed by thick mist and so the French did not begin the battle until the weather cleared around 10:00 am, when their artillery opened fire on the
British and Dutch positions. At the same time, two columns led by
845:
in 1713, only because neither the
British or Dutch would allow the other to control it. The Dutch also wanted peace, since the fighting badly affected trade and these factors played an important role in the 1746 campaign.
318:
1130:
However, by late 1746, Austrian forces had expelled
Spanish Bourbon troops from Northern Italy and neither France nor Spain could afford to continue funding their campaign. With the removal of this threat,
1172:
British officer Jean-Louis
Ligonier about the Dutch: "...Attack'd our army yesterday by our left flank, where after a long resistance the Hollanders behaving extreamly well, were however forc'd by numbers"
1094:
later criticised
Charles of Lorraine for allegedly failing to support the British and Dutch, but Ligonier said he had acted in accordance with the plan agreed by the Allied leadership the night before.
1728:
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden als grote mogendheid: Buitenlandse politiek en oorlogvoering in de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw en in het bijzonder tijdens de Oostenrijkse Successieoorlog
1046:, making the movement of troops across it almost impossible; in the ensuing battle, this meant the Austrians played little part in the heavy fighting which took place on the Allied left and centre.
1042:
held the left, the British and Germans in the centre and the Austrians, who formed the largest part of the army, on the right. The Allied position was divided by several rivers and deep
311:
1098:
Saxe decided it was too late in the day to continue the attack, allowing his opponents to retreat with little interference. The British, Germans and Dutch crossed the Meuse on three
1940:
1090:
Austrians, who had not been directly engaged. Now that Waldeck was in danger of being cut off from the right wing, he too had to decide to retreat and abandoned his new positions.
1920:
1061:
fortified the villages of Rocoux, Varoux and Liers. Saxe decided to attack the Allied left and centre, leaving a small screening force to pin down the Austrians on the right.
833:
returned from Scotland to assume command of the Hanoverian and British troops. By now, only British subsidies kept their allies in the war; Austria's top priority was to regain
304:
1115:
819:
1935:
1074:
fighting. Counter-attacks by the Dutch cavalry eventually allowed their infantry to pull back in good order. Waldeck took up a new position behind the road to
1031:, the next town on the Meuse. Most estimates of the numbers suggest between 70,000 and 75,000 Allied troops faced a French force of 110,000 to 120,000.
1039:
733:
254:
829:, the French had failed to achieve a decisive result, while the British still hoped to retrieve their position. With the defeat of the Rising in April,
198:
1930:
1027:
to finish with Charleroi, Saxe cut their supply lines, forcing them to retreat. By late September, Namur had fallen and the Allies moved to protect
1955:
1950:
857:
962:
725:
221:
1070:
209:
1925:
1896:
1802:
1783:
1764:
1736:
1716:
1688:
1648:
1629:
1123:
1024:
1915:
1823:
830:
751:, Saxe failed to achieve a decisive victory, and the two armies went into winter quarters to prepare for a new campaign in 1747.
729:
243:
232:
1135:
wanted peace to restructure her administration and allegedly used her British subsidies to pay for infrastructure projects in
1965:
760:
697:
665:
660:
447:
328:
30:
1867:
1848:
1970:
1066:
709:
187:
68:
1945:
1091:
721:
457:
367:
1069:
and Lowendahl prepared a frontal attack. After the Liège authorities opened the town gates, a third column under
362:
1114:, a well-organised retreat conducted by the Allies prevented Saxe from achieving a decisive victory. Led by the
743:, by 1746 France was struggling to finance the war, and opened bilateral peace negotiations with Britain at the
1078:
which he hoped to retain. The order in which his troops had been withdrawn gave him some cause for confidence.
556:
238:
133:
377:
1960:
803:
675:
615:
504:
474:
469:
387:
588:
551:
531:
442:
1140:
1054:
768:
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603:
583:
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452:
407:
593:
1049:
637:
566:
427:
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145:
509:
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748:
670:
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546:
422:
372:
72:
1592:
561:
541:
514:
1658:
Goodman, Paul R (Spring 2020). "The Battle of Rocoux, 11 October 1746; Three Other Rank Accounts".
1192:
799:
655:
598:
484:
347:
260:
140:
1667:
1144:
838:
787:
680:
650:
536:
437:
382:
1709:
International Relations in The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, The Old Regime, 1713–1763
38:
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forced Britain to transfer troops to Scotland. In the first months of 1746, the French took
1034:
Anchored on the left by the Liège suburbs, the Allied line ran through Rocoux to the River
489:
392:
176:
1641:
The Nine Years' War and the British Army, 1688–1697: The Operations in the Low Countries
1111:
1099:
1081:
1016:
780:
776:
519:
249:
157:
779:; it was not until March 1744 that France formally declared war on Britain, while the
1909:
1132:
1110:
Although Rocoux led to the capture of Liège, and opened the way for an attack on the
1005:
772:
397:
1510:
1840:
1795:
Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession 1741—1748
1622:
Dictionnaire des batailles franco-anglaises de la Guerre de Succession d'Autriche
1610:
296:
981:
1832:
1757:
The Insatiable Earl: A Life of John Montagu, Fourth Earl of Sandwich, 1718-1792
1814:
History of England, from the Revolution to the Death of George II: Volume III
966:
The Austrian Netherlands and Southern Dutch Republic; key locations 1746–1748
1009:
1612:
Neêrlands heldendaden te land, van de vroegste tijden af tot in onze dagen
1143:
persuaded his allies to make another attempt, which ended with defeat at
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in August 1746. These proceeded slowly, since the British envoy
300:
790:
in April 1745 was followed by the capture of the key ports of
771:; from 1739 to 1742, the main area of operations was in the
1523:
1521:
1519:
775:. British and Dutch troops initially fought as part of the
1868:"British Journals: Letters on the Battle of Rocoux, 1746"
1482:
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1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1889:
Marshal of France: The Life and Times of Maurice de Saxe
1821:
Wood, Stephen (2004). "Ligonier, John , Earl Ligonier".
1431:
1429:
1231:
1229:
1008:, then moved onto towns along the Meuse, beginning with
747:
in August. While Rocoux confirmed French control of the
1511:
British Journals: Letters on the Battle of Rocoux, 1746
1332:
1330:
1328:
1291:
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1287:
1285:
1283:
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1216:
1214:
1212:
1118:, France began bilateral negotiations with Britain at
1163:
Primarily consisting of Hanoverian and Hessian troops
16:
1746 battle during the War of the Austrian Succession
1660:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
1139:. Hoping to retrieve the position in Flanders, the
992:. Between February and July 1746, the French took
818:; bolstered by these successes, Foreign Minister
1594:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
1191:A letter from Sampson Staniforth, a soldier in
23:
1643:(2013 ed.). Manchester University Press.
763:began in 1740, Britain was still fighting the
1941:Battles of the War of the Austrian Succession
312:
8:
1921:Military history of the Austrian Netherlands
1827:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1776:The Birth of a Great Power System, 1740-1815
1551:
1527:
1408:
716:. It was fought between a French army under
319:
305:
297:
20:
783:officially remained neutral until 1747.
696:took place on 11 October 1746 during the
1420:
1260:
1235:
1824:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1498:
1486:
1435:
1360:
1208:
1156:
291:8,000-10,000 dead, wounded, or captured
1797:(2022 ed.). Legare Street Press.
1681:Austria's Wars of Emergence, 1683-1797
1539:
1459:
1447:
1396:
1336:
1307:
1295:
1272:
1220:
1891:(2011 ed.). Literary Licensing.
1575:
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1348:
1319:
7:
1936:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
1372:
722:British, Dutch, German and Austrian
948:
14:
1731:(in Dutch). De Bataafsche Leeuw.
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822:sent peace proposals to Britain.
739:Despite a series of victories in
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126:
113:
99:
37:
1931:Battles involving Great Britain
1750:(in French). Ernest Flammarion.
1748:Batailles françaises; Volume VI
1702:(in French). éditions du Céfal.
878:
1711:. Cambridge University Press.
1679:Hochedlinger, Michael (2003).
892:
761:War of the Austrian Succession
698:War of the Austrian Succession
330:War of the Austrian Succession
288:3,000 to 4,000 dead or wounded
31:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
1956:1746 in the Habsburg monarchy
1951:1746 in the Holy Roman Empire
934:
906:
1841:UK public library membership
1700:La bataille de Rocourt: 1746
1620:Castex, Jean-Claude (2012).
1726:Nimwegen, Olaf van (2002).
825:Despite their victories in
43:The Battle of Roucoux, 1746
1987:
1793:Skrine, Francis H (1905).
1624:(in French). Phare-Ouest.
1609:Bosscha, Johannes (1838).
1926:Battles involving Hanover
1812:Smollett, Tobias (1796).
1746:Périni, Hardÿ de (1896).
1698:Lambotte, Miguel (2000).
710:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
338:
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269:
163:
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69:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
47:
36:
28:
1916:Battles involving France
1474:Vol. XVI, 1746, page 542
1133:Maria Theresa of Austria
1591:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
676:Jacobite rising of 1745
1833:10.1093/ref:odnb/16693
1774:Scott, Hamish (2015).
1086:
1057:
1055:Pierre-Nicolas Lenfant
841:and they acquired the
342:Flanders and the Rhine
164:Commanders and leaders
1966:1746 in Great Britain
1639:Childs, John (1991).
1615:(in Dutch). Suringar.
1084:
1053:Battle of Rocoux, by
1052:
971:Often referred to as
283:Casualties and losses
1755:Rodger, NAM (1993).
1707:Lindsay, JO (1957).
1472:Gentleman's Magazine
977:Austrian Netherlands
963:class=notpageimage|
843:Austrian Netherlands
804:1745 Jacobite Rising
749:Austrian Netherlands
73:Austrian Netherlands
1887:White, Jon (1962).
1462:, pp. 322–323.
1116:Marquis de Puisieux
1019:prepared to defend
765:War of Jenkins' Ear
726:Charles of Lorraine
656:Second Silesian War
646:War of Jenkins' Ear
464:Bohemia and Moravia
222:Charles of Lorraine
1853:Britishbattles.com
1849:"Battle of Rocoux"
1759:. Harper Collins.
1087:
1058:
1038:; the Dutch under
786:French victory at
704:(or Rocoux), near
681:First Carnatic War
651:First Silesian War
275:100,000 to 120,000
265:Ludwig von Zastrow
1946:Conflicts in 1746
1839:(Subscription or
1552:Hochedlinger 2003
1409:Hochedlinger 2003
1399:, pp. 32–33.
1387:, pp. 58–60.
1351:, pp. 48–50.
1141:Duke of Newcastle
1067:Clermont-Tonnerre
1015:In mid-July, the
745:Congress of Breda
689:
688:
671:King George's War
661:Italian campaigns
295:
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278:70,000 to 100,000
188:Clermont-Tonnerre
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1898:978-1258033590
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1874:. 2 April 2015
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1804:978-1016209458
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1785:978-1138134232
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1718:978-0521045452
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1689:
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1666:(392): 24–32.
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1650:978-0719089961
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1631:978-2921668064
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1147:in July 1747.
1112:Dutch Republic
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1104:
1023:; leaving the
1017:Pragmatic Army
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271:
267:
266:
255:Prince Waldeck
212:
166:
165:
161:
160:
158:Dutch Republic
110:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:French victory
81:
77:
76:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1983:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:. Routledge.
1777:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:. Routledge.
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1578:, p. 62.
1577:
1572:
1569:
1566:, p. 61.
1565:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1542:, p. 42.
1541:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1501:, p. 31.
1500:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1438:, p. 24.
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:Smollett 1796
1417:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:Nimwegen 2002
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1238:, p. 49.
1237:
1236:Lambotte 2000
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1194:
1193:Graham's Foot
1188:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1124:Lord Sandwich
1121:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
974:
964:
859:
849:
847:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:Earl Ligonier
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
730:John Ligonier
727:
724:force led by
723:
719:
715:
712:, now modern
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
639:
636:
635:
631:
630:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
572:
571:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
463:
462:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
341:
340:
337:
332:
322:
317:
315:
310:
308:
303:
302:
299:
290:
287:
286:
281:
277:
274:
273:
268:
262:
256:
251:
245:
244:Earl Ligonier
240:
234:
229:
223:
218:
213:
211:
206:
200:
195:
189:
184:
178:
173:
168:
167:
162:
159:
147:
142:
135:
134:Great Britain
122:
111:
108:
96:
95:
90:
82:
79:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1871:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:
1822:
1813:
1794:
1775:
1756:
1747:
1727:
1708:
1699:
1680:
1663:
1659:
1640:
1621:
1611:
1598:. Retrieved
1593:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1506:
1499:Goodman 2020
1494:
1487:Bosscha 1838
1471:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1436:Goodman 2020
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1361:Lindsay 1957
1356:
1344:
1315:
1303:
1268:
1187:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1129:
1109:
1097:
1088:
1063:
1059:
1033:
1014:
1012:(see Map).
970:
824:
802:, while the
785:
758:
738:
718:Marshal Saxe
693:
691:
604:Pfaffenhofen
432:
92:Belligerents
29:Part of the
18:
1729:(1740–1748)
1540:Rodger 1993
1460:Périni 1896
1448:Périni 1896
1397:Childs 1991
1337:Périni 1896
1308:Castex 2012
1296:Bodart 1908
1273:Skrine 1905
1221:Castex 2012
1071:de Contades
666:Sea battles
638:Kesselsdorf
567:Hennersdorf
532:Groß-Glogau
368:Wissembourg
363:Lauterbourg
210:de Contades
1910:Categories
1843:required.)
1816:. T Capel.
1600:4 February
1576:Scott 2015
1564:Scott 2015
1385:Scott 2015
1349:Scott 2015
1320:White 1962
1204:References
955:Maastricht
820:d'Argenson
800:Nieuwpoort
755:Background
616:St. Pölten
594:Ingolstadt
584:Deggendorf
505:3rd Prague
495:2nd Prague
470:1st Prague
458:Maastricht
1373:Wood 2004
1106:Aftermath
1092:George II
1010:Charleroi
927:Charleroi
773:Caribbean
759:When the
621:Schärding
599:Vilshofen
589:Straubing
485:Chotusitz
403:Oudenarde
348:Dettingen
1672:27024825
1145:Lauffeld
1076:Tongeren
994:Brussels
973:Flanders
871:Brussels
827:Flanders
812:Brussels
788:Fontenoy
741:Flanders
537:Mollwitz
500:2nd Eger
480:1st Eger
438:Lauffeld
413:Brussels
383:Fontenoy
378:Breisgau
270:Strength
60:Location
1585:Sources
1044:ravines
1040:Waldeck
998:Antwerp
885:Antwerp
839:Prussia
835:Silesia
816:Antwerp
808:Louvain
714:Belgium
708:in the
702:Rocourt
610:Austria
579:Simbach
573:Bavaria
526:Silesia
510:Budweis
418:Antwerp
408:Ostende
388:Tournai
146:Hanover
65:Rocourt
1895:
1878:7 July
1858:7 July
1837:
1801:
1782:
1763:
1735:
1715:
1687:
1670:
1647:
1628:
1137:Vienna
1002:Leuven
986:Sambre
975:, the
899:Leuven
850:Battle
792:Ostend
632:Saxony
547:Neisse
475:Olmütz
433:Rocoux
373:Furnes
155:
131:
118:
107:France
104:
80:Result
1668:JSTOR
1151:Notes
1120:Breda
1036:Jeker
1029:Liège
1021:Namur
990:Meuse
941:Namur
913:Liège
837:from
796:Ghent
769:Spain
767:with
706:Liège
700:, at
562:Kosel
552:Glatz
542:Brieg
515:Tabor
490:Sahay
443:Hulst
428:Namur
398:Ghent
393:Melle
358:Ypres
353:Menin
1893:ISBN
1880:2019
1860:2019
1799:ISBN
1780:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1685:ISBN
1645:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1602:2023
1006:Mons
1004:and
988:and
814:and
798:and
732:and
692:The
626:Linz
520:Soor
423:Mons
52:Date
1829:doi
982:Lys
736:.
1912::
1870:.
1851:.
1664:98
1662:.
1518:^
1479:^
1428:^
1327:^
1280:^
1243:^
1228:^
1211:^
1000:,
996:,
984:,
810:,
794:,
728:,
71:,
67:,
1901:.
1882:.
1862:.
1835:.
1831::
1807:.
1788:.
1769:.
1741:.
1721:.
1693:.
1674:.
1653:.
1634:.
1604:.
1530:.
1513:.
1375:.
320:e
313:t
306:v
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