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316:. Opothleyahola" group was estimated to number about seventeen hundred people, and also included some Union supporters from the Comanches, Delawares, Kickapoos, Wichitas, and Shawnees. Cooper set out on November 15, 1861, with about 1,400 men either to compel Opothleyahola 's submission or "drive him and his party from the country." Cooper's force rode up the Deep Fork of the
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The following morning, Cooper advanced on
Opothleyahola's new camp but found that the Federal forces had fled. The Confederates claimed victory because Opothleyahola had left the area. The Confederates captured abandoned supplies, such as Opothleyahola's carriage, a dozen wagons, food, cattle and
521:
Some sources refer to
Opothleyahola as Chief. However, one article pointed out that he was not a "...chief, counsellor or head man" in the Creek Nation in 1861. He had been in his younger years, but had resigned the position in 1842. He still retained a good deal of influence with many tribal
331:
Cooper's men arrived there around 4:00 p.m. Charging cavalry discovered that
Opothleyahola's followers had recently abandoned their camp. The Confederates located and followed stragglers; the 4th Texas blundered into Opothleyahola's warriors on the
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back to Cooper's main force. Darkness prevented Cooper's counterattack until the main enemy force was within 60 yards (55 m). After a short fight, Opothleyahola's men set fire to the
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383:). Angie Debo, a noted Oklahoma historian, wrote an article describing the evidence for and against each site. She concluded that the evidence pointed more strongly to the Yale site.
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ponies. The
Confederate loss in the engagement was 1 captain and 5 men killed, 3 severely and 1 slightly wounded, and 1 missing. Opothleyahola lost about 110 killed and wounded.
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The site of this event has been disputed for many years, with two locations emerging as the leading choices. One is near the present day town of
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709:, 70 volumes in 4 series. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1880-1901. Series 1, Volume 8, Part 1, pages 5–10.
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This was the first of three encounters between
Opothleyahola's Union bands and Confederate troops. The Unionists were forced to flee to
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The physical location of the battle is in dispute. Some historians believe it to be near
Keystone while others contend that it is near
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that occurred on
November 19, 1861. Its main purpose was to prevent Union supporters of the Creek Nation, led by
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A time of decision: the Indian
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On this date in Civil War history: November 19, 1861 - The Battle of Round
Mountain (150th Anniversary)
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The War of the
Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
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2017 re-enactment of the Battle of Round Mountain, at the disputed battle site near Yale, Oklahoma
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State of thieves: Detailing the truth of the first battles of the Civil War in Indian Territory
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members, and repeatedly cautioned the Creeks to try to remain neutral in "the white man's war."
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to find Opothleyahola's camp deserted. On November 19, Cooper learned from captured
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6 companies, 1st Regiment Choctaw-Chickasaw Mounted Rifles - Maj. Mitchell Laflore
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at the foot of the Round Mountains. The Federal response chased the Confederate
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that part of Opothleyahola's band was erecting a fort at the Red Fork of the
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commander of the Indian Department, was unable to reconcile differences with
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Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
283:. The event is sometimes referred to as the Battle of Red Fork.
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Debo, Angie. "The Site of the Battle of Round Mountain, 1861".
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Trickett, Dean. "The Civil War in Indian Territory 1861."
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Now The Wolf Has Come: The Creek Nation in the Civil War
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Battles of the American Civil War in Indian Territory
735:, vol. XXXII, No. 2 (Summer, 1954), pp. 142–184.
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712:White, Christine Schultz and White, Benton R.,
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599:. Vol. XXVII, No. 2 (Summer, 1949) pp. 187-206.
421:Detachment, Seminole Indians - Maj. John Jumper
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276:to the protection of Union forces in Kansas.
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645:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.
643:Williams, Chad. "Round Mountain, Battle of".
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628:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
409:Detachment, 1st Creek Mounted Rifles - Col.
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618:Williams, Chad. "Battle of Round Mountain"
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702:. Jenks, OK : The Author, 1997.
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580:. Vol. 18, No. 2. June 1940. p. 150.
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503:List of battles fought in Oklahoma
218:Operations in the Indian Territory
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992:Indian Council at Fort Smith
695:. : R.W. DeMoss, 2004.
366:Opothleyahola as a young man
260:campaign for the control of
256:was the first battle in the
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58:November 19, 1861
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22:Battle of Round Mountain
371:Battle site controversy
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498:Trail of Blood on Ice
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167:Casualties and losses
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1027:Categories
934:Perryville
903:Fort Wayne
821:Combatants
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745:36°07′48″N
547:References
355:after the
62:1861-11-19
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842:Campaigns
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179:1 missing
177:4 wounded
162:1,400 men
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154:Strength
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159:Unknown
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87:Result
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