1406:
1115:
1186:
entrenched camp of
Linieras and seized Mangiabo. On the same day, SĂ©rurier and 3,000 troops were repulsed in an attack on the Col de Raus, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of Authion. On 12 June Brunet tried again with a direct assault on the artillery battery that crowned Authion. SĂ©rurier led one of the attacking columns which were composed mostly of the army's grenadiers. Despite three brave charges, the French finally recoiled after an Austrian counterattack. While the French supporting fire was weak, the Sardinian batteries were well-sited to take any attackers in flank. As the French first line fell back, the raw troops making up the reserves screamed, "Treason!" and ran away. Seeing this, Brunet decided nothing more could be done and retreated. The French suffered losses of 280 dead and 1,252 wounded. Austro-Sardinian losses are not stated.
151:
109:
1291:
162:
120:
174:
132:
48:
1432:. Soon Brunet became embroiled in a dispute with the politically powerful Fréron and Barras. Later, Brunet correctly predicted that Toulon might admit Coalition forces if the political representatives resorted to harsh measures. In the meantime, he refused to send troops to bully the city into submission. For this, Fréron and Barras removed him from command on 8 August and replaced him with Dumerbion. When
1369:
and 298 grenadiers in five companies and 649 chasseurs in 12 companies at Sospel. The bulk of the strength lay at the Camp de Braos with two battalions each of the 28th, 51st and 91st Line
Infantry or 3,384 regulars, 196 grenadiers in three companies, 1,761 men in four volunteer battalions and 251
1036:
in which Biron's 12,000 Frenchmen defeated 7,000 Sardinians under the Count of Saint-André. Both sides suffered 800 casualties while the
Sardinians also lost two of their six artillery pieces. At this period, the Sardinians were more familiar with mountain warfare while the French columns, moving
1185:
The French representatives on mission repeatedly insisted on frontal attacks and threatened to denounce any general who showed reluctance to carry out their demands. Brunet began his offensive on 8 June with a success in which Masséna participated. Jean Quirin
Mieskowski's brigade captured the
1173:
led the two defending brigades. The Austro-Sardinians suffered from command problems. Like De Vins, Colli was an
Austrian general lent to Sardinia. Colli and his superior Saint-André did not get along. The situation was made worse by instructions from De Vins for Colli to obey an order from
1392:
An additional body of 3,618 troops was posted in the center. There were 2,438 soldiers in one regular and three volunteer battalions and one artillery company at Saint-Arnould, 730 in five light infantry and seven grenadier companies at Col Negre and 450 in one volunteer battalion at
1161:. From Saorgio, a line of fortifications ran west, starting at the Saint-Martha entrenched camp on the west side of the Roya. Going west along the crest, the key points were the Colle Basse, Massif de l'Authion and Col de Raus. The village of
1447:
submitted a plan to strike eastward across neutral
Genoese territory to capture Oneglia and turn the Saorgio position from the east. The plan was accepted on 2 April 1794 and Dumerbion's offensive began four days later. In the Second
963:
on 21 December. Despite this, the
Austrian government suspected Victor Amadeus of desiring a separate peace with France. In fact, the French tried to diplomatically drive a wedge between Sardinia and Austria, but the execution of
508:
1330:
wrote that
Casabianca was "not fit to command a battalion". The French army consisted of both regular and volunteer battalions. Grenadier and chasseur companies were detached from their battalions to form elite units.
1460:
on the 19th. Turning back to the west, they attacked
Saorgio from the northeast on 27 April. Hopelessly outflanked, the Sardinians under Colli retreated and the French occupied Saorgio on the 28th.
2067:
1425:
did not care for the generals, but Sérurier's actions had pleased him so he nominated him for promotion on 25 June. Both Masséna and Sérurier were appointed generals of brigade on 22 August 1793.
501:
1413:
Hectored by the political representatives, Brunet launched a new assault on the Massif de l'Authion and Col de Raus at the end of July. This effort failed though the connection with the
494:
415:
1428:
Brunet did not get along with his chief of staff, who was a radical
Jacobin, so he assigned Lapoype to guard the coast. Lapoype complained to his brother-in-law, the representative
233:
1203:
and Edward Cust both assert that Saint-André led the allies at Saorgio. However, an order of battle exists for the Austro-Sardinian army on 8 June 1793 that placed the Duke of
445:
450:
1069:
had charge of five battalions. In its strange policy of moving commanders around before they could master their armies, the French government transferred Biron to lead the
2062:
2052:
1017:
852:
518:
440:
166:
2057:
249:
1358:. Additionally, there were 1,053 volunteers in two battalions at Camp Diegue and 1,988 in the two-battalion 11th Line Infantry Regiment and two volunteer battalions at
1405:
1165:
marked the western end of the line. In the other direction from Saorgio, the mountain ridge trended to the northeast via the Cima di Marte, Colle Ardente and
972:
on 21 January 1793 caused Victor Amadeus to rebuff France. In the spring, the defenses of Sardinia were organized from north to south as follows. The Duke of
226:
1114:
322:
1365:
In the Roya Valley to the right flank were 7,052 troops. There were 426 grenadiers in seven companies and 87 gunners in two artillery companies at
425:
1083:
planned to bring him down because he was a prominent aristocrat. They finally succeeded and Biron went to the guillotine on 31 December 1793.
859:
action, their main assaults against the strong defensive positions on the Massif de l'Authion and the Col de Raus failed with serious losses.
1933:
1996:
1207:
in command over the Left Division of Saint-André and the Right Division of Colli. The Left Division had two battalions of Infantry Regiment
1170:
219:
124:
392:
1926:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume III The Armies in the West 1793 to 1797 And, The Armies In The South 1793 to March 1796
1389:
were two battalions each of the 42nd and 50th Line Infantry or 1,890 regulars and 487 men in six infantry and two artillery companies.
1098:
and Light Infantry Battalions counted about 400 men and the Light Legion had 300 soldiers. The Austrians contributed Infantry Regiment
2037:
1303:
1235:
in Camp Briel and 4th Grenadier Battalion in Camp Corgoule. The Austrian Garrison battalion was split between Camps Brouis and Perus.
1131:
475:
2042:
1955:
1805:
1071:
895:
1150:
on 21 May. The Sardinians abandoned the upper Tinée valley; Sérurier left it in possession of the sister army and returned to the
2047:
1094:
with 5,200 troops in 11 battalions. The Sardinian infantry regiments normally had two battalions, numbering about 500 men each.
1449:
1429:
1315:
868:
735:
554:
952:
932:. Meanwhile, Brunet led the expedition to Sardinia which began on 8 January and ended in complete failure within two months.
718:
681:
916:
with a paper strength of 26,806 men but only 21,728 available for field work. Anselme wanted to mount a naval expedition to
867:, but in 1793 Saorgio belonged to Piedmont. In April 1794 the French seized the positions from the Austro-Sardinians in the
656:
1895:
1865:
1835:
1179:
470:
455:
317:
307:
267:
1037:
separately, often lost themselves in the forests, rough terrain and foggy valleys. Biron's offensive was helped when the
997:
925:
909:
836:
832:
757:
382:
178:
794:
767:
713:
312:
1971:
This is a good source for finding the full name and rank of French generals of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras.
2072:
1373:
In the Tinée and Vésubie valleys on the left flank were 6,057 troops. There were 285 men at Saint-Sauveur, 190 at
1359:
1135:
1123:
1065:
counted 17,000 troops present for duty in 25 infantry battalions and two cavalry squadrons. Already a rising star,
856:
666:
407:
282:
243:
1271:
789:
641:
564:
525:
387:
39:
1086:
The end of March 1793 saw Saint-André's forces organized into a Left Division under Pernigotti headquartered at
729:
708:
631:
539:
402:
377:
337:
1378:
1174:
Saint-André only if the Austrian generalissimo concurred. The Sardinian officer corps also disliked De Vins'
2077:
1319:
1033:
960:
933:
844:
723:
693:
676:
367:
277:
155:
1290:
1157:
The main Sardinian defenses covered the town of Saorgio, situated on the east bank above the gorge of the
1147:
977:
904:
811:
740:
465:
460:
332:
1417:
improved. Brunet announced that he would turn the left flank of the Saorgio position by marching across
924:
instead. The government ordered Anselme suspended on 16 December 1792 and his temporary replacement was
828:
779:
752:
746:
611:
581:
347:
297:
292:
262:
173:
136:
131:
372:
1921:
1355:
1347:
1200:
559:
544:
430:
486:
1311:
1102:
Nr. 44 with one battalion of 600 men and a Garrison battalion of 400 men. In May, 1,000 men of the
965:
885:
671:
616:
601:
575:
435:
397:
357:
352:
161:
119:
1066:
1327:
1323:
784:
703:
636:
621:
342:
327:
302:
272:
1978:
1951:
1929:
1801:
1418:
1076:
956:
941:
840:
806:
800:
698:
626:
549:
150:
113:
108:
1166:
1162:
1091:
1009:
890:
773:
762:
661:
651:
646:
606:
591:
362:
1366:
1891:
1861:
1831:
1433:
948:
929:
686:
569:
287:
77:
1386:
17:
1335:
1175:
1087:
989:
596:
586:
2031:
848:
1322:, Joseph Louis Montredon, Antoine Saint-Hillier and Jacques Louis Saint-Martin were
211:
47:
1307:
1267:
1158:
1042:
981:
1262:
to the east, 9th Grenadier Battalion at Camp Fromagnie, one battalion of Austrian
1901:. Fort Leavenworth, Kan.: United States Army Combined Arms Center. Archived from
1871:. Fort Leavenworth, Kan.: United States Army Combined Arms Center. Archived from
1841:. Fort Leavenworth, Kan.: United States Army Combined Arms Center. Archived from
1816:
1090:
with 7,050 soldiers in 15 battalions and a Right Division under Dellera based at
1943:
1422:
1050:
985:
420:
1902:
1872:
1842:
1394:
1054:
1005:
993:
973:
969:
2011:
1998:
1298:
On 7 June 1793 Kellermann exercised authority over both his own army and the
1382:
1095:
1001:
1381:, 1,621 in three battalions, nine grenadier and two artillery companies at
1440:
on 6 September, put on trial on 14 November and guillotined the next day.
1457:
1278:
was a Swiss unit in Sardinian pay and Sardinian light units were denoted
1204:
1143:
921:
1339:
1259:
1080:
1013:
863:
is now located in France about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of
1436:
on 27 August, Brunet was denounced as a traitor. He was imprisoned in
1238:
The Right Division deployed two battalions each of Infantry Regiments
1231:
in Camp Albarea, 1st Light Battalion in Camp Beolet, one battalion of
1374:
1351:
1343:
1130:
began closing on Saint-André's main defenses. On 19 May, Brunet sent
1058:
1021:
860:
81:
73:
1979:"Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789–1815"
1270:, Light Legion at Saint-VĂ©ran and Ortighea and French Royalists at
928:. Anselme was arrested on 12 April 1793 but managed to survive the
1453:
1443:
The following year, Bonaparte, the new artillery commander of the
1437:
1404:
1289:
1113:
1046:
899:
917:
913:
864:
1310:
commanded the army's artillery. Dominique Sheldon was the only
1250:
and 1st Grenadier Battalion at Camp Authion, two battalions of
940:
on 10 February and pushed eastward with his right flank on the
490:
215:
1215:
and 8th Grenadier Battalion in Camp Brouis, two battalions of
1338:
were garrisoned with 9,000 troops. There were 597 troops at
1126:
who brought about Anselme's dismissal. In May and June, the
1142:
troops. From there, the 3,000-strong force advanced up the
1377:, 1,027 in one volunteer battalion and three companies at
1008:. Leopold Lorenz Bartholomaus von Strassoldo shielded the
920:
but the French government desired to attack the island of
1385:
and 557 volunteers in one battalion at Roquebillière. At
1122:
Biron's replacement was Brunet who was in favor with the
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1666:
1664:
1740:
1738:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
959:
to send his army a supreme commander and his ally sent
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1510:
1508:
884:
The winter of 1792 found two French armies facing the
855:. Though the French were initially successful in this
1537:
1535:
1421:
territory. Nothing came of this plan. Representative
1326:. Dumerbion later became army commander, but in 1796
1928:. Vol. 3. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing.
1075:on 4 May 1793. Though the duke was loyal to the
984:. The Marquis of Cordon (or Gordon) covered the
32:
2068:Military history of Provence-Alpes-CĂ´te d'Azur
1798:The Road to Rivoli: Napoleon's First Campaign
1780:
1729:
1655:
1643:
1526:
1020:employed 10,000 to 12,000 soldiers to defend
988:with 14 battalions. His headquarters were at
502:
227:
8:
1049:. Moving east, the French overran the lower
1018:Charles-François Thaon, Count of Saint-André
853:Charles-François Thaon, Count of Saint-André
52:Fort de La Forca on the Massif de l’Authion
1452:, the French captured Oneglia on 9 April,
509:
495:
487:
234:
220:
212:
29:
2063:Battles of the War of the First Coalition
2053:Battles involving the Kingdom of Sardinia
1705:
1670:
1032:On 28 February 1793 there was a clash at
2058:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
1577:
947:Dismayed by the incapacity shown by his
27:Action of the War of the First Coalition
1468:
847:. The local Sardinian commander in the
1836:"Austro-Sardinian Army, 30 March 1793"
1768:
1756:
1744:
1717:
1610:
1589:
1565:
1514:
1499:
1487:
1475:
1012:Valley with 12 battalions posted near
934:Armand Louis de Gontaut, Duke of Biron
1682:
1553:
1138:where he made a rendezvous with some
1106:Regiment arrived as a reinforcement.
7:
1866:"Austro-Sardinian Army, 8 June 1793"
1631:
1541:
1171:Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi
1896:"French Army of Italy, 7 June 1793"
1227:in Camp Linieras, one battalion of
1306:was Brunet's chief of staff while
25:
1219:in Camp Perus, two battalions of
1072:Army of the Coasts of La Rochelle
992:and a 16-gun fort overlooked the
1800:. London, UK: Cassell & Co.
1254:at Camp Raus, two battalions of
1195:Austro-Sardinian order of battle
172:
160:
149:
130:
118:
107:
46:
1817:"Annals of the Wars: 1783–1795"
1132:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
1796:Boycott-Brown, Martin (2001).
1434:Toulon let in the Allied fleet
1304:Jean François Cornu de Lapoype
896:François Christophe Kellermann
682:Fall of the Republic of Venice
1:
1948:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1223:in Saorge, two battalions of
1041:took responsibility over the
471:Italian campaign of 1796-1797
1430:Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron
1316:Raphaël, Comte de Casabianca
1134:with a left flank column to
998:Giovanni Marchese di Provera
926:Gaspard Jean-Baptiste Brunet
833:Gaspard Jean-Baptiste Brunet
1370:gunners in five companies.
1024:and pose a threat to Nice.
2094:
1180:Eugène-Guillaume Argenteau
1124:representatives on mission
857:War of the First Coalition
245:War of the First Coalition
2038:Battles involving Austria
1178:, another Austrian named
1045:valley and the County of
910:Jacques Bernard d'Anselme
835:attack the armies of the
535:
527:French Revolutionary Wars
451:Rhine campaign of 1793–94
258:
197:
184:
142:
100:
56:
45:
40:French Revolutionary Wars
37:
2043:Battles involving France
1977:Broughton, Tony (2006).
1346:, 2,471 at Nice, 168 at
869:Second Battle of Saorgio
92:Austro-Sardinian victory
18:Battle of Saorgio (1793)
2048:Battles involving Italy
1320:Pierre Jadart Dumerbion
1266:Nr. 44 en route to the
1136:Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée
961:Joseph Nikolaus De Vins
953:King Victor Amadeus III
936:assumed command of the
902:. On the south lay the
888:. On the north was the
845:Joseph Nikolaus De Vins
827:(8–12 June 1793) saw a
825:First Battle of Saorgio
33:First Battle of Saorgio
1410:
1295:
1286:French order of battle
1119:
978:Little St Bernard Pass
466:Rhine campaign of 1796
461:Rhine campaign of 1795
426:Mediterranean campaign
143:Commanders and leaders
1981:. The Napoleon Series
1950:. London: Greenhill.
1922:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1815:Cust, Edward (1859).
1408:
1294:Raphaël de Casabianca
1293:
1117:
1057:valleys and occupied
198:Casualties and losses
1356:Villefranche-sur-Mer
1348:Saint-Laurent-du-Var
1274:. Infantry Regiment
1201:Ramsay Weston Phipps
1118:Count of Saint-André
980:which protected the
167:Count of Saint-André
2008: /
1324:generals of brigade
1312:general of division
1246:, one battalion of
1211:, one battalion of
886:Kingdom of Sardinia
576:Montenotte Campaign
446:East Indies Theatre
436:War of the Pyrenees
2012:43.9883°N 7.5531°E
1781:Boycott-Brown 2001
1730:Boycott-Brown 2001
1656:Boycott-Brown 2001
1644:Boycott-Brown 2001
1527:Boycott-Brown 2001
1411:
1379:La Bollène-Vésubie
1328:Napoleon Bonaparte
1296:
1120:
1016:. Farthest south,
831:army commanded by
2073:Conflicts in 1793
1935:978-1-908692-26-9
1783:, pp. 89–91.
1771:, pp. 95–96.
1450:Battle of Saorgio
1419:Republic of Genoa
1077:French Revolution
942:Mediterranean Sea
837:Sardinia-Piedmont
820:
819:
520:Italian Campaigns
484:
483:
476:Anglo-Spanish War
456:Atlantic campaign
441:Italian campaigns
431:War in the Vendée
416:Flanders campaign
210:
209:
96:
95:
16:(Redirected from
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1892:Nafziger, George
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1862:Nafziger, George
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1832:Nafziger, George
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1415:Army of the Alps
1167:Monte Saccarello
1140:Army of the Alps
1039:Army of the Alps
1028:Combat at Levens
1010:Stura di Demonte
949:general officers
891:Army of the Alps
774:Marengo campaign
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2017:43.9883; 7.5531
2016:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1968:
1966:Further reading
1958:
1942:
1936:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1908:on 4 March 2016
1905:
1898:
1890:
1881:
1879:
1878:on 4 March 2016
1875:
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1849:
1848:on 4 March 2016
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1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1403:
1288:
1197:
1192:
1146:River to seize
1112:
1061:. In March the
1030:
930:Reign of Terror
882:
877:
821:
816:
687:Veronese Easter
565:Monte Settepani
531:
526:
523:
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84:
78:Alpes-Maritimes
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2091:
2089:
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2078:1793 in France
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2065:
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1992:
1991:
1967:
1964:
1963:
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1956:
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1918:
1888:
1858:
1828:
1812:
1806:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1734:
1732:, p. 412.
1722:
1710:
1706:Nafziger 2007b
1687:
1675:
1671:Nafziger 2007a
1660:
1648:
1636:
1634:, p. 137.
1615:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1544:, p. 136.
1531:
1519:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1402:
1399:
1336:French Riviera
1334:Places on the
1302:under Brunet.
1287:
1284:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1176:chief of staff
1169:. Dellera and
1111:
1108:
1088:Breil-sur-Roya
1029:
1026:
966:King Louis XVI
881:
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765:
760:
755:
750:
743:
738:
733:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
690:
689:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
536:
533:
532:
516:
514:
513:
506:
499:
491:
482:
481:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
259:
256:
255:
241:
239:
238:
231:
224:
216:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
182:
181:
179:Gaspard Brunet
169:
156:Joseph De Vins
145:
144:
140:
139:
127:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
72:
70:
66:
65:
64:8–12 June 1793
62:
54:
53:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2090:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2021:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1957:1-85367-276-9
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1844:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1807:0-304-35305-1
1803:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1759:, p. 97.
1758:
1753:
1750:
1747:, p. 88.
1746:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1720:, p. 95.
1719:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:, p. 47.
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1658:, p. 78.
1657:
1652:
1649:
1646:, p. 88.
1645:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1613:, p. 85.
1612:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1592:, p. 84.
1591:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1578:Nafziger 2009
1574:
1571:
1568:, p. 18.
1567:
1562:
1559:
1556:, p. 42.
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:, p. 76.
1528:
1523:
1520:
1517:, p. 81.
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:, p. 80.
1501:
1496:
1493:
1490:, p. 79.
1489:
1484:
1481:
1478:, p. 72.
1477:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1456:the 17th and
1455:
1451:
1446:
1445:Army of Italy
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1362:near Sospel.
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:Army of Italy
1292:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:Roquebillière
1160:
1155:
1153:
1152:Army of Italy
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Army of Italy
1125:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:André Masséna
1064:
1063:Army of Italy
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
938:Army of Italy
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:
905:Army of Italy
901:
897:
893:
892:
887:
879:
874:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:Maritime Alps
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
813:
812:Porto Ferrajo
810:
808:
805:
803:
802:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
577:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
534:
529:
522:
512:
507:
505:
500:
498:
493:
492:
489:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
257:
251:
247:
237:
232:
230:
225:
223:
218:
217:
214:
205:
202:
201:
196:
192:
190:10,000–12,000
189:
188:
183:
180:
175:
170:
168:
163:
157:
152:
147:
146:
141:
138:
133:
128:
126:
121:
115:
110:
105:
104:
99:
91:
88:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
60:
59:
55:
49:
44:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2025:
1993:
1983:. Retrieved
1970:
1969:
1947:
1944:Smith, Digby
1925:
1910:. Retrieved
1903:the original
1880:. Retrieved
1873:the original
1850:. Retrieved
1843:the original
1820:. Retrieved
1797:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1725:
1713:
1678:
1651:
1639:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1522:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1444:
1442:
1427:
1414:
1412:
1409:Louis Fréron
1391:
1372:
1364:
1333:
1308:Jean du Teil
1299:
1297:
1279:
1275:
1268:Col de Tende
1263:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1184:
1156:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1121:
1103:
1099:
1085:
1070:
1062:
1043:Barcelonette
1038:
1031:
1000:guarded the
982:Aosta Valley
946:
937:
903:
889:
883:
824:
822:
799:
772:
745:
728:
574:
368:Newfoundland
333:Altenkirchen
101:Belligerents
38:Part of the
2015: /
1769:Phipps 2011
1757:Phipps 2011
1745:Phipps 2011
1718:Phipps 2011
1611:Phipps 2011
1590:Phipps 2011
1566:Phipps 2011
1515:Phipps 2011
1500:Phipps 2011
1488:Phipps 2011
1476:Phipps 2011
1423:Paul Barras
1354:and 626 at
1350:, 1,021 at
1342:, 1,076 at
1199:Historians
986:Susa Valley
736:2nd Marengo
719:1st Marengo
632:2nd Bassano
627:1st Bassano
612:Castiglione
555:2nd Saorgio
540:1st Saorgio
421:Chouannerie
2032:Categories
2000:43°59′18″N
1790:References
1683:Smith 1998
1554:Smith 1998
1367:L'Escarène
1280:Cacciatore
1264:Belgiojoso
1159:Roya River
1100:Belgiojoso
1006:Monte Viso
1002:Agnel Pass
994:Mont Cenis
974:Montferrat
970:guillotine
898:occupying
880:Operations
875:Background
795:Montebello
741:2nd Mantua
714:Bassignana
657:1st Mantua
323:Den Helder
318:Guadeloupe
313:Martinique
283:Thionville
263:Porrentruy
2003:7°33′11″E
1985:4 October
1912:2 October
1894:(2007b).
1882:1 October
1864:(2007a).
1852:1 October
1822:15 August
1632:Cust 1859
1542:Cust 1859
1401:Aftermath
1387:Belvédère
1383:Lantosque
1360:Castillon
1314:, while
1096:Grenadier
976:held the
951:in 1792,
790:Chiusella
785:Fort Bard
667:Valvasone
617:Peschiera
602:Borghetto
408:Diersheim
398:Fishguard
358:Neresheim
268:Quiévrain
1946:(1998).
1924:(2011).
1834:(2009).
1458:Garessio
1272:Moulinet
1244:Lombardy
1229:Sardinia
1225:Vercelli
1205:Chablais
1081:Jacobins
922:Sardinia
768:3rd Novi
758:2nd Novi
642:Caldiero
637:Calliano
622:Rovereto
582:2nd Dego
560:1st Dego
388:Biberach
383:2nd Kehl
373:WĂĽrzburg
348:1st Kehl
343:Kircheib
328:Siegburg
308:Sardinia
303:Jemappes
273:Marquain
185:Strength
125:Sardinia
69:Location
1395:Lucéram
1340:Antibes
1260:Oneglia
1256:Oneglia
1233:Queen's
1221:Tortona
1217:Saluzzo
1213:Queen's
1055:VĂ©subie
1022:Saorgio
1014:Demonte
957:Austria
955:begged
843:led by
841:Austria
807:Pozzolo
801:Marengo
730:Trebbia
709:Cassano
704:Brescia
699:Magnano
550:Epierre
545:MĂ©ribel
524:of the
403:Neuwied
393:Ireland
378:Limburg
338:Wetzlar
203:unknown
114:Austria
1954:
1932:
1804:
1375:Utelle
1352:Toulon
1344:Monaco
1276:Christ
1248:Christ
1240:Casale
1190:Forces
1110:Battle
1104:Casale
1092:Fontan
1079:, the
1059:Sospel
1034:Levens
996:Pass.
908:under
894:under
861:Saorge
829:French
763:Genola
724:Modena
694:Verona
677:Tarvis
662:Faenza
652:Rivoli
647:Arcole
607:Lonato
592:Fombio
363:Amberg
353:Malsch
278:Verdun
193:17,000
137:France
89:Result
82:France
74:Saorge
1906:(PDF)
1899:(PDF)
1876:(PDF)
1869:(PDF)
1846:(PDF)
1839:(PDF)
1464:Notes
1454:Ormea
1438:Paris
1252:Acqui
1148:Isola
1144:Tinée
1047:Beuil
1004:near
900:Savoy
780:Genoa
672:Tyrol
570:Loano
298:Mainz
293:Lille
288:Valmy
206:1,532
1987:2015
1952:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1914:2015
1884:2015
1854:2015
1824:2015
1802:ISBN
1242:and
1209:Nice
1053:and
990:Susa
918:Rome
914:Nice
865:Nice
851:was
839:and
823:The
753:Gavi
747:Novi
597:Lodi
587:Ceva
250:List
61:Date
1258:at
1051:Var
968:by
912:at
2034::
1737:^
1690:^
1663:^
1618:^
1597:^
1534:^
1507:^
1397:.
1318:,
1282:.
1182:.
1154:.
944:.
871:.
80:,
76:,
1989:.
1960:.
1938:.
1916:.
1886:.
1856:.
1826:.
1810:.
1708:.
1673:.
1580:.
510:e
503:t
496:v
252:)
248:(
235:e
228:t
221:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
