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and 11th Field Depots he had set up about 43 mi (70 km) east of Tobruk. Concerned mostly about not having enough fuel and supplies for the offensive after the fall of Tobruk, O'Connor delayed the attack to accumulate more supplies. As the 7th
Armoured Division had suffered more losses than the 6th Australian Division, O'Connor decided that the Australians would lead the attack. The two most depleted units, the
1253:(Libyan Volunteers) manned sub-sector C. Behind the first line of defence were five strong points manned by the III Battalion, 70th Infantry Regiment which doubled as the reserve unit for the three battalions in the first line. The commander of the 69th Infantry Regiment received the reserves Pitassi Mannella could muster, an understrength tank company with seven M11/39s and two ad hoc formations, consisting of one
62:
1356:
887:
1163:
Although
Pitassi Mannella had thirty-two L3/35 tankettes and thirty-nine M11/39 tanks, only seven of the latter were operational and in three weeks of attempts to repair the M11/39s only three were serviceable enough to move in an engagement. After it had become obvious in the autumn of 1940 that the
1448:
the
British artillery opened fire along the entire line, concentrating on an area about 2,187 yd (2,000 m) by 766–875 yd (700–800 m) rectangle where the sub-sectors A and B of the Eastern Sector met. Under cover of night Australian sappers and the British artillery-fire cleared a
1369:
After surrounding Tobruk, the WDF had exhausted the ample
Italian supplies captured at Capuzzo and Sollum; O'Connor directed that the supplies flowing through the port of Sollum (350 long tons (356 t) per day in early January and 500 long tons (508 t) daily late in the month) to the 10th
1280:
Pitassi
Mannella organised the artillery into three groups, two for the Eastern Sector with 123 guns and one for the Western Sector with 97. Assuming (correctly) that the Commonwealth troops would attack from the south, Pitassi Mannella sent the II/43rd and III/55th groups with 75/27 mod. 11 field
1577:
Pitassi
Mannella ordered the mobile reserve, with the seven operational M11/39s, to attack the Australian left flank from behind an artillery barrage. Two Australian anti-tank guns and two tanks destroyed five of the seven M11/39s and when Australian infantry pushed forward the mobile reserve
1259:
Motorcycle company, one infantry company, one machine gun platoon, an anti-tank platoon and an anti-aircraft section each. In front of the strong points 11 mi (18 km) of anti-tank ditch was cleared out, 7,000 tripwire mines and 16,000 pressure mines laid. To make up for the lack of
1494:
had set off and towards the 4th Tank
Infantry Regiment. The Australian brigade was supported by 78 field guns, which moved in turns 219 yd (200 m) forward every two minutes. The 19th Australian Brigade struck the III Battalion, 69th Infantry Regiment, which was quickly overrun. A
1529:
the 19th
Australian Brigade attacked the position of the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment with such ferocity that 70 per cent of the officers, including both battalion commanders, and 50 per cent of the troops were killed in action. During the day, Blenheims of 55 and 113 squadrons flew
916:
and the 63rd
Infantry Division "Cirene". Further units were four light tank battalions, remnants of the "Catanzaro" division, and the XXI Corps Artillery Regiment. After careful preparation the British attacked and defeated the Italian defenders from 3 to 5 January 1941.
1211:
reinforced with four companies from the 69th
Infantry Regiment. Expecting the main attack from this direction, Pitassi Mannella established a second line of defence 2–4 mi (4–6 km) behind the strong points, based on a small hill at the junction of the
1610:
organised the defence of the harbour with the few men at his disposal. Graziani had denied his request to make a sacrificial attack on the Royal Navy ships outside the harbour and Vietina began systematically to destroy the harbour and its stores.
900:, the last Italian division on Egyptian soil, retreating towards Libya, the 7th Armoured Division pressed on and by 15 December had cut the road between Bardia and Tobruk. At Bardia the Italians had concentrated the XXIII Corps (General
964:
Graziani informed Mussolini that the 34 mi (54 km)-long Tobruk perimeter was manned by only 22,000 men with 340 guns, a number wholly inadequate for the task. On 9 January, Graziani informed the garrison commander, General
1338:
as anti-tank artillery and managed to assemble 110 anti-tank guns; thirty-two 37 mm guns in the buried M11/39s, forty-three 47/32 mod. 1935 anti-tank guns, thirteen 65/17 mod. 13 mountain guns, eleven 75/27 mod. 11 field guns, ten
1468:
The lack of radios of the Italian units proved to be a severe disadvantage; telephone lines had been cut by the British aerial and artillery bombardment and Pitassi Mannella only received notice of the British attack at around
1645:
of the 19th Australian Infantry Brigade, followed shortly afterwards by General Della Mura, who surrendered with the remnants of the Pilastrino position. At 4:00 p.m. the last strongpoint surrendered and Tobruk had fallen.
936:
group took over on the western side. The 4th Armoured Brigade moved to the west of the city, the 7th Support Group blocked the western exits and the 7th Armoured Brigade screened the force from interference from the west.
2836:
1667:
The Italians suffered more than 24,000 casualties, 18 officers and 750 soldiers had been killed, 30 officers and 2,250 men had been wounded and more than 20,000 men had become prisoners of war. The British captured
1216:
and Bardia roads. At the second line under command of the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment, every available tank was dug in as a strong point. Between this position and the sea the III Battalion, 69th Regiment dug in.
2690:
1485:
had captured the Italian artillery positions between the two points. By 10:30 a.m. the Australians had overrun four of the Italian strongpoints and destroyed six of the ten artillery groups in the area. At
2841:
2831:
2685:
2488:
692:
1330:
With no air reconnaissance, Pitassi Mannella was unaware of the British artillery positions and as most British artillery had a longer range than the Italian artillery, mostly of
875:, the only Italian armoured formation in Egypt, was annihilated. On 10 December the Western Desert Force engaged the three divisions of the Italian Libyan Divisions Group and the
1709:
1378:, were withdrawn and their equipment distributed to the other four regiments of the armoured brigades. The first wave of the attack was to be the 16th Australian Brigade and the
1659:
Most of the demolitions had been of stores rather than installations; the Inshore Squadron of the Royal Navy began mine sweeping immediately and opened the port on 24 January.
320:
989:. After being informed by Graziani that he was on his own Mannella had the bridge at Sidi Daud on the Bardia road and the bridge at Wadi es Sahel on the Derna road destroyed.
1594:
Pitassi Mannella ordered his staff to surrender. At the same time the 6th Divisional Cavalry Regiment had reached the outskirts of Tobruk but then been stopped by fire from
826:
The Tobruk garrison suffered 2,048 casualties and 20,000 men were taken prisoner for 400 Australian and British casualties. The WDF continued its westwards advance towards
1714:
1704:
1465:
towards Tobruk. The first unit to be overrun by the 2/2nd was the CV/25th Artillery Group, which had no time to lay their guns for direct fire before they were overrun.
1172:. Pitassi Mannella had received no spares or fuel for the tanks and had the lightly armed and thinly armoured L3/35 and the M11/39s buried in the sand as strong points.
2846:
1517:
Pitassi Mannella had informed Graziani that the Eastern Sector had been destroyed and only isolated positions held out. All Graziani could do was to send three
1164:
L3/35 was obsolete and the M11/39 badly designed and prone to break down, the XXI Light Tank Battalion and part of the I Medium Tank Battalion had departed for
957:
Stamani si è iniziato l'investimento della Piazza da parte dei mezzi corazzati nemici. Dopo di che i vari episodi del nuovo dramma sono facilmente prevedibili.
954:
This morning the investment of the position by enemy armoured vehicles has begun. After which the various episodes of the new drama are easily predictable. (
2648:
1491:
685:
2680:
630:
2759:
1386:
and the 19th Australian Brigade. The 7th Armoured Division would attack along the Western and perimeter to pin down the defenders. On 19 January the
913:
876:
2788:
1641:
to deny it to the British. General Iven Mackay ordered a general advance for the morning of 22 January. At 8:30 a.m. Vietina surrendered to General
313:
1590:
had reached and surrounded the Italian headquarters at the abandoned Fort Solaro. Pitassi Mannella and his staff retreated into the cellars but by
970:
2653:
2474:
909:
2658:
789:
678:
2743:
2735:
2224:
897:
2461:
2423:
2404:
2378:
2353:
2323:
2302:
2283:
2201:
2175:
2125:
2104:
2077:
921:
481:
471:
2751:
1017:
905:
820:
2643:
1457:
tanks passed through the breach, three of which veered left with the 2/3rd Australian Battalion, while another three veered right with the
2136:
1314:
1272:(Royal Italian Air Force), buried upright in the desert, in the hope that a British tank passing over them would trigger the impact fuze.
98:
2695:
306:
2675:
1692:
741:
1477:
the Australian 2/2nd Battalion had reach Sidi Mahmud and the 2/1st Battalion was at Sidi Daud; the 17th Australian Brigade with the
1436:
bombers attacked port installations, defensive positions and drowned out the sound of the British tanks assembling for the attack.
1371:
2481:
1289:
anti-aircraft guns (used as anti-tank guns) into that area. For long-range artillery-fire, Pitassi Mannella relied on the cruiser
2826:
2780:
2775:
1286:
2821:
1282:
920:
On the morning of 5 January, while Australian forces were still mopping up the southern cauldron at Bardia, Wavell ordered the
1562:
1347:
naval gun (found in the naval stores); armour-piercing ammunition was available only for the 37 mm and 47 mm anti-tank guns.
1334:-vintage there, was little chance of effective counter-battery fire. Pitassi Mannella decided to employ every gun capable of
924:
of the 7th Armoured Division to advance west, pass Tobruk and cut it off. By 6 January the brigade had reached El Adem (now
1691:
By the surrender O'Connor's divisions had already pressed on, the 7th Armoured Division reaching Mechili and fighting the
529:
2851:
2707:
67:
1505:
tanks that tried to plug the gap in the second line were defeated within minutes, the three M11/39s being knocked out.
2341:
2065:
1587:
1583:
1482:
1478:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1290:
1130:
1034:
1024:
571:
1695:
on 24 January, while the 6th Australian Division had reached the Italian forward positions at Derna on the same day.
2811:
2278:. Ballantine's Illustrated History of the Violent Century, Battle Books. Vol. 22. New York: Ballantine Books.
1264:
Pitassi Mannella had 2,200 26 lb (12 kg) bombs and 800 33 lb (15 kg) bombs, left behind by the
524:
2032:
1247:
Sub-sectors A and B were defended by a battalion each from the 70th Infantry Regiment, while Blackshirt Battalion
863:, with the possibility of exploiting success, was planned on the Italian positions around Sidi Barrani. The raid,
1296:
1068:
848:
347:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2333:
2061:
1383:
1038:
933:
929:
785:
645:
590:
736:
2348:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II. Naval & Military Press.
2138:
Fallen Eagles: The Italian 10th Army in the Opening Campaign in the Western Desert, June 1940 – December 1940
2663:
2558:
2228:
1453:
attacked. Within the hour the Australians had created a breach 1 mi (2 km) wide. At 7:00 a.m., 18
1379:
1375:
1344:
1010:
1005:
966:
773:
536:
330:
223:
49:
1403:
2816:
2539:
1607:
1206:
1142:
880:
808:
721:
519:
512:
364:
31:
2185:
1180:
Pitassi Mannella divided the defensive perimeter in two sectors, five sub-sectors and 16 strong points.
657:
610:
412:
242:
891:
Map showing the Italian advance into Egypt and Operation Compass, 13 September 1940 to 7 February 1941
2712:
1551:
860:
769:
597:
507:
2717:
2579:
1547:
1543:
1318:
901:
746:
541:
476:
450:
395:
253:
2441:
2608:
2587:
2446:
2364:
2034:
Le Operazioni in Africa Settentrionale: Sidi el Barrani (Giugno 1940 – Febbraio 1941) Parte Prima
2018:] (in Italian). Vol. I. Rome: Esercito. Corpo di stato maggiore. Ufficio storico. 1979.
1433:
1390:(RAF) dropped leaflets calling on the Italians to surrender but Pitassi Mannella took no notice.
1310:
1124:
816:
583:
457:
443:
615:
2150:
1619:
2571:
2563:
2528:
2419:
2400:
2374:
2349:
2319:
2298:
2279:
2259:
2251:
2232:
2197:
2171:
2142:
2121:
2100:
2073:
2042:
2019:
1539:
1535:
1300:
1267:
1190:
Sub-sector A, from the sea to Bir Junes to block the road from Bardia, with four strong points
868:
864:
804:
765:
716:
702:
576:
555:
495:
464:
436:
429:
405:
390:
359:
352:
1642:
1599:
1422:
1057:
812:
781:
777:
726:
562:
548:
502:
400:
380:
218:
212:
201:
53:
969:, that there would be no attempt at relief. Graziani ordered Tellera to fall back with the
2520:
2340:, Captain F. C.; Molony, Brigadier C. J. C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S. E. (2004) .
2271:
1387:
1331:
419:
855:
where the Italians dug in. At first the British prepared to resist an Italian advance on
1428:
and three smaller ships bombarded Tobruk, while destroyers waited further out to attack
1261:
925:
424:
248:
237:
170:
17:
2072:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I. HMSO.
2064:; with Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S. E. (1954).
2805:
2115:
2012:
La prima offensiva britannica in Africa settentrionale (ottobre 1940 – febbraio 1941)
1030:
70th Infantry Regiment (3 × battalions, 1 × battery with 65/17 mod. 13 mountain guns)
872:
625:
207:
196:
156:
2346:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans Come to the Help of their Ally (1941)
2767:
2295:
Churchill's Lions: A Biographical Guide to the Key British Generals of World War II
2016:
The First British Offensive in North Africa (October 1940 – February 1941) Annex 32
1461:
to expand the breach. At the same time, the rest of the Matildas advanced with the
1340:
1238:
982:
974:
928:). By 7 January the bulk of the British forces had arrived and cut off Tobruk. The
856:
852:
827:
635:
620:
2313:
2215:
2070:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)
2039:
Operations in North Africa: Sidi el Barrani (June 1940 – February 1941) First Part
61:
2466:
2168:
Raising Churchill's Army: The British Army and the War against Germany 1919–1945
1335:
1169:
1074:
650:
264:
2190:
2337:
2211:
1598:. Soldiers from the 2/4th Australian Battalion moved down the cliffs and used
1518:
1454:
1418:
1361:
1355:
640:
2416:
Iron Hulls, Iron Hearts: Mussolini's Elite Armoured Divisions in North Africa
2236:
2146:
2046:
113:
100:
2263:
2041:]. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Roma: Esercito Italiano Ufficio Storico.
978:
800:
259:
182:
2435:
Operations in the Middle East from 7th December, 1940 to 7th February, 1941
2023:
1449:
path through the thin Italian minefield in the area and at first light the
2141:(MA). Fort Leavenworth, KS: U. S. Army Command and General Staff College.
1227:
Sub-sector A, in the desert to the South of Tobruk with four strong points
298:
1165:
1629:
By nightfall half of the Tobruk fortified area had been captured and at
1634:
1213:
1194:
986:
886:
831:
2497:
1502:
1231:
1203:
The first line of the Eastern Sector was manned by the troops of the
793:
91:
932:
group placed itself opposite the eastern defences of Tobruk and the
799:
The Italians had fortified Tobruk, their only naval base in Eastern
670:
27:
Battle fought in the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War
950:
After the encirclement of Tobruk, Graziani informed Mussolini that
1618:
1561:
1402:
1354:
1080:
885:
2691:
89th (Cinque Ports) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
2370:
2470:
1285:
heavy field howitzers and the 2nd Battery of the XV Group with
764:
was a battle fought between 21 and 22 January 1941, as part of
674:
302:
1791:
1789:
228:
2837:
Battles and operations of World War II involving South Africa
1606:. Having lost contact with forces outside of Tobruk, Admiral
1521:
fighters to Tobruk, which the RAF quickly shot down. Between
1432:, if the crew tried to escape. For the rest of the night RAF
2686:
51st (London) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
1963:
1961:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1845:
1843:
1490:
the 19th Australian Brigade supported by A Squadron of the
1978:
1976:
1830:
1828:
2318:. Vol. I (Cassell ed.). London: Jonathan Cape.
1023:
69th Infantry Regiment (3 × battalions, 1 × battery with
792:
pressed on and made contact with the Italian garrison in
2099:(Rev. Orbis, London ed.). New York: Galahad Books.
851:
had begun but stopped after 62 mi (100 km) at
2842:
Battles and operations of World War II involving India
1112:
25th Anti-Tank Company, 47/32 mod. 1935 anti-tank guns
1000:
Details taken from Montanari (1990) unless specified.
819:
had lost eight of its nine divisions and had only the
2399:(Wordsworth ed.). London: Hodder and Stoughton.
1710:
List of Australian military equipment of World War II
70:, 6th Australian Division after the capture of Tobruk
2832:
Battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
2728:
2670:
Artillery: (some original units, some replacements)
2601:
2551:
2505:
2696:13th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
2189:
2117:The Battle of Alamein: Turning Point, World War II
1715:List of British military equipment of World War II
1705:List of Italian military equipment in World War II
2256:Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943 Defence
1676:. XIII Corps (the new name of the WDF) suffered
1281:guns, and the CV/25th and CXXX/25th groups with
2450:(Supplement). 25 June 1946. pp. 3261–3269.
952:
803:, before the war but after being routed at the
42:
2482:
2462:Pathé Newsreel, British Forces Capture Tobruk
1637:Stefano Pugliese to blow up the magazines of
1496:
1322:
1304:
1265:
1254:
1248:
1204:
1140:
1098:
955:
867:, began on 9 December 1940 with the surprise
686:
314:
8:
2366:Royal Air Force 1939–1945: The Fight At Odds
2258:. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus.
1586:attacked the Pilastrino position, while the
655:
2649:Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade
2681:4th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
2489:
2475:
2467:
859:but when this did not occur a raid by the
693:
679:
671:
321:
307:
299:
39:
1967:
1952:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1834:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1780:
1768:
1744:
1033:43rd Artillery Regiment, 2 × groups with
2789:90th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
1982:
1885:
1756:
1732:
1492:6th Australian Division Cavalry Regiment
1157:Service, quartermasters and supply units
1118:142nd Mortar Company, with 81 mm mortars
1115:141st Mortar Company, with 81 mm mortars
2847:Battles of World War II involving Italy
2654:70th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
2369:. Vol. I (pbk. ed.). London:
2095:Bauer, E. (2000) . Young, Peter (ed.).
1725:
1063:61st Mortar Company, with 81 mm mortars
973:, his last division, to a line between
2659:16th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
1408:Tobruk, 21 January 1940 (in Bulgarian)
1364:infantry tank during Operation Compass
780:. After defeating the Italians in the
2315:The Crucible of War: Wavell's Command
2274:(1972) . Pitt, B.; Mason, D. (eds.).
1295:in Tobruk harbour which had two twin
1237:Sub-sector C, to block the road from
1230:Sub-sector B, to block the road from
1193:Sub-sector B, to block the road from
7:
2644:Czechoslovak 11th Infantry Battalion
2114:Bierman, John; Smith, Colin (2002).
2170:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1994:
1109:22nd Bersaglieri Motorcycle Company
1053:51st Bersaglieri Motorcycle Company
823:and stragglers to defend the port.
2760:101st Motorized Division "Trieste"
2676:1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery
2433:Wavell, Archibald (25 June 1946).
2227:(12th online ed.). Canberra:
1094:25th Army Corps Artillery Regiment
1091:22nd Army Corps Artillery Regiment
1088:10th Army Corps Artillery Regiment
914:62nd Infantry Division "Marmarica"
883:and defeated them by 11 December.
877:64th Infantry Division "Catanzaro"
25:
2225:Australia in the War of 1939–1945
1624:Tobruk 22 January 1940 in Russian
1079:LXIII Light Tank Battalion, with
971:60th Infantry Division "Sabratha"
2781:21st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
2776:15th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
2334:Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.
2056:– via issuu (online scan).
1224:(Brigadier Vincenzo dalla Mura)
910:2nd CC.NN. Division "28 Ottobre"
871:where the Italian brigade-sized
258:
247:
236:
217:
206:
195:
175:
163:
149:
60:
2744:55th Infantry Division "Savona"
2736:132nd Armored Division "Ariete"
2437:. Wavell's Official Despatches.
1633:on 22 January, Vietina ordered
1168:to be re-equipped with the new
898:63rd Infantry Division "Cirene"
2752:61st Infantry Division "Sirte"
2276:Beda Fomm: The Classic Victory
1372:8th King's Royal Irish Hussars
1317:/40 naval guns and two mobile
1073:I Medium Tank Battalion, with
1018:61st Infantry Division "Sirte"
985:(Special Armoured Brigade) to
906:1st CC.NN. Division "23 Marzo"
821:61st Infantry Division "Sirte"
1:
2784:Originally 5th Light Division
2567:(December 1940-February 1941)
2552:Allied campaigns and offences
1187:(Brigadier Umberto Barberis)
1056:61st Anti-Tank Company, with
768:, the first offensive of the
2708:Eighth Army (United Kingdom)
2135:Christie, Howard R. (1999).
1569:burning after being scuttled
1047:LXI Mixed Engineer Battalion
2097:The History of World War II
1554:had patrolled to the west.
1313:) shore batteries had twin
1037:field guns, 1 × group with
2868:
1588:2/4th Australian Battalion
1584:2/8th Australian Battalion
1483:2/7th Australian Battalion
1479:2/6th Australian Battalion
1473:from a despatch rider. By
1463:2/2nd Australian Battalion
1459:2/1st Australian Battalion
1451:2/3rd Australian Battalion
1297:254 mm (10.0 in)
1241:, with three strong points
1234:, with three strong points
1069:4th Tank Infantry Regiment
1050:LXI Replacements Battalion
29:
2513:British capture of Tobruk
2363:Richards, Denis (1974) .
2149:. A116763. Archived from
2031:Montanari, Mario (1990).
1315:120 mm (4.7 in)
1301:190 mm (7.5 in)
1044:LXI Machine Gun Battalion
849:Italian invasion of Egypt
762:British capture of Tobruk
712:
340:
280:
275:
270:
188:
141:
74:
59:
47:
43:British capture of Tobruk
2632:3rd Indian Motor Brigade
2627:7th Division (Australia)
2621:9th Division (Australia)
2591:(November-December 1941)
2418:. Marlborough: Crowood.
2395:Terraine, John (1997) .
1197:, with two strong points
1106:CXL Blackshirt Battalion
784:(3–5 January 1941), the
646:3rd Indian Motor Brigade
332:Western Desert Campaign
2827:Western Desert campaign
2664:4th Royal Tank Regiment
2559:Western Desert campaign
2500:in the Second World War
2414:Walker, Ian W. (2003).
2229:Australian War Memorial
2166:French, David (2001) .
1534:against Tobruk and the
1384:17th Australian Brigade
1380:7th Royal Tank Regiment
1376:6th Royal Tank Regiment
1299:/45 guns and four twin
1250:"Volontari della Libia"
1100:"Volontari della Libia"
1011:Enrico Pitassi Mannella
967:Enrico Pitassi Mannella
934:16th Australian Brigade
930:19th Australian Brigade
786:6th Australian Division
774:Western Desert Campaign
286:3,048 killed or wounded
224:Enrico Pitassi Mannella
50:Western Desert Campaign
18:Battle of Tobruk (1941)
2822:Tobruk in World War II
2540:Axis capture of Tobruk
2506:Fighting around Tobruk
2297:. Stroud: Spellmount.
2293:Mead, Richard (2007).
2272:Macksey, Major Kenneth
2196:. London: Frank Cass.
1626:
1570:
1497:
1410:
1366:
1324:Guardia alla Frontiera
1323:
1305:
1266:
1255:
1249:
1207:Guardia alla Frontiera
1205:
1143:Guardia alla Frontiera
1141:
1099:
981:, while directing the
962:
956:
893:
881:Battle of Sidi Barrani
847:In September 1940 the
809:Battle of Sidi Barrani
656:
189:Commanders and leaders
66:Men of the Australian
32:Axis capture of Tobruk
2602:Allied units involved
2524:(April-November 1941)
2397:The Right of the Line
1687:Subsequent operations
1622:
1565:
1406:
1358:
1152:Artillery: 2 × groups
1097:Blackshirt Battalion
889:
790:7th Armoured Division
658:Sonderkommando Blaich
293:400 killed or wounded
281:Casualties and losses
114:32.07611°N 23.96139°E
2713:Tobruk Ferry Service
2120:. New York: Viking.
1608:Massimiliano Vietina
1552:No. 274 Squadron RAF
1351:British preparations
946:Italian preparations
922:7th Armoured Brigade
861:Western Desert Force
770:Western Desert Force
2852:January 1941 events
2729:Axis units involved
2718:Scrap Iron Flotilla
2638:Replacement units:
2580:Operation Battleaxe
2153:on 16 February 2015
1864:, pp. 303–304.
1822:, pp. 293–296.
1798:, pp. 288–289.
1759:, pp. 284–287.
1548:No. 73 Squadron RAF
1544:No. 3 Squadron RAAF
1399:Night 20/21 January
1343:field guns and one
1149:Infantry: 2,300 men
1121:55th Signal Company
1103:(Libyan Volunteers)
902:Annibale Bergonzoli
605:Associated articles
110: /
2609:The Rats of Tobruk
2588:Operation Crusader
2447:The London Gazette
2312:Pitt, B. (2001) .
2252:Mackenzie, Compton
2062:Playfair, I. S. O.
1627:
1571:
1536:Gloster Gladiators
1501:company and three
1417:on 21 January the
1411:
1382:, followed by the
1367:
1321:heavy guns of the
1311:Royal Italian Navy
1125:Royal Italian Navy
894:
704:Operation Compass
290:1 cruiser scuttled
119:32.07611; 23.96139
2812:Conflicts in 1941
2799:
2798:
2785:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2572:Operation Brevity
2568:
2564:Operation Compass
2544:
2534:
2529:Twin Pimples raid
2525:
2517:
2425:978-1-86126-646-0
2406:978-1-85326-683-6
2380:978-0-11-771592-9
2355:978-1-84574-066-5
2325:978-0-304-35950-9
2304:978-1-86227-431-0
2285:978-0-345-02434-3
2203:978-0-7146-3383-1
2177:978-0-19-924630-4
2127:978-0-670-03040-8
2106:978-1-85605-552-9
2079:978-1-84574-065-8
1693:action at Mechili
1540:Hawker Hurricanes
1413:From midnight to
1268:Regia Aeronautica
904:) comprising the
869:Attack on Nibeiwa
865:Operation Compass
843:Operation Compass
805:Attack on Nibeiwa
766:Operation Compass
755:
754:
668:
667:
348:Invasion of Egypt
297:
296:
232:
137:
136:
82:6–22 January 1941
16:(Redirected from
2859:
2783:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2615:Original units:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2542:
2532:
2523:
2515:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2468:
2451:
2438:
2429:
2410:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2359:
2342:Butler, J. R. M.
2329:
2308:
2289:
2267:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2222:
2207:
2195:
2181:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2131:
2110:
2083:
2066:Butler, J. R. M.
2057:
2055:
2053:
2027:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1643:Horace Robertson
1632:
1593:
1581:
1578:surrendered. At
1576:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1500:
1489:
1476:
1472:
1447:
1416:
1326:
1308:
1271:
1258:
1252:
1210:
1146:
1102:
1039:100/17 mod. 1914
959:
813:Battle of Bardia
782:Battle of Bardia
778:Second World War
707:
705:
695:
688:
681:
672:
661:
335:
333:
323:
316:
309:
300:
263:
262:
254:Richard O'Connor
252:
251:
241:
240:
226:
222:
221:
213:Giuseppe Tellera
211:
210:
202:Rodolfo Graziani
200:
199:
181:
179:
178:
169:
167:
166:
159:
155:
153:
152:
125:
124:
122:
121:
120:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
76:
75:
68:2/11th Battalion
64:
54:Second World War
40:
21:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2724:
2597:
2547:
2521:Siege of Tobruk
2501:
2495:
2458:
2440:
2432:
2426:
2413:
2407:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2362:
2356:
2332:
2326:
2311:
2305:
2292:
2286:
2270:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2220:
2210:
2204:
2186:Hunt, Sir David
2184:
2178:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2134:
2128:
2113:
2107:
2094:
2091:
2089:Further reading
2086:
2080:
2060:
2051:
2049:
2030:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1974:
1970:, pp. 314.
1966:
1959:
1955:, pp. 310.
1951:
1940:
1936:, pp. 309.
1932:
1928:
1924:, pp. 308.
1920:
1916:
1912:, pp. 307.
1908:
1904:
1900:, pp. 306.
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1876:, pp. 304.
1872:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1852:, pp. 297.
1848:
1841:
1837:, pp. 299.
1833:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1810:, pp. 294.
1806:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1783:, pp. 284.
1779:
1775:
1771:, pp. 283.
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1747:, pp. 265.
1743:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1701:
1689:
1680:
1678:400 casualties,
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1652:
1630:
1625:
1617:
1591:
1579:
1574:
1560:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1514:
1511:
1487:
1474:
1470:
1445:
1442:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1388:Royal Air Force
1365:
1353:
1332:First World War
1278:
1262:anti-tank mines
1178:
1058:47/32 mod. 1935
998:Tobruk garrison
995:
993:Order of battle
948:
943:
892:
845:
840:
758:
757:
756:
751:
708:
703:
701:
699:
669:
664:
616:Devil's gardens
602:
482:2nd Bir el Gubi
472:1st Bir el Gubi
336:
331:
329:
327:
289:
287:
257:
256:
246:
245:
235:
216:
215:
205:
204:
194:
176:
174:
173:
164:
162:
150:
148:
147:
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
95:
65:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2778:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2702:Outside units:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2518:
2516:(January 1941)
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2456:External links
2454:
2453:
2452:
2430:
2424:
2411:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2360:
2354:
2330:
2324:
2309:
2303:
2290:
2284:
2268:
2248:
2208:
2202:
2182:
2176:
2163:
2132:
2126:
2111:
2105:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2058:
2028:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1997:, p. 376.
1987:
1985:, p. 293.
1972:
1968:Montanari 1990
1957:
1953:Montanari 1990
1938:
1934:Montanari 1990
1926:
1922:Montanari 1990
1914:
1910:Montanari 1990
1902:
1898:Montanari 1990
1890:
1888:, p. 291.
1878:
1874:Montanari 1990
1866:
1862:Montanari 1990
1854:
1850:Montanari 1990
1839:
1835:Montanari 1990
1824:
1820:Montanari 1990
1812:
1808:Montanari 1990
1800:
1796:Montanari 1990
1785:
1781:Montanari 1990
1773:
1769:Montanari 1990
1761:
1749:
1745:Montanari 1990
1737:
1735:, p. 270.
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1688:
1685:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1600:3-inch mortars
1559:
1556:
1510:
1507:
1471:8:30–8:45 a.m.
1441:
1438:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1303:/45 guns. Two
1283:149/13 mod. 14
1277:
1274:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1222:Western Sector
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1185:Eastern Sector
1177:
1176:Fortifications
1174:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:anti-tank guns
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1027:mountain guns)
1009:headquarters (
994:
991:
947:
944:
942:
939:
926:Tobruk Airport
890:
844:
841:
839:
836:
796:on 6 January.
753:
752:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
713:
710:
709:
700:
698:
697:
690:
683:
675:
666:
665:
663:
662:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
601:
600:
595:
594:
593:
588:
581:
569:
568:
567:
560:
553:
539:
534:
533:
532:
522:
517:
516:
515:
510:
500:
487:
486:
485:
484:
479:
474:
469:
455:
448:
441:
434:
433:
432:
427:
417:
410:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
370:
369:
368:
367:
362:
350:
341:
338:
337:
328:
326:
325:
318:
311:
303:
295:
294:
291:
283:
282:
278:
277:
273:
272:
268:
267:
233:
191:
190:
186:
185:
171:United Kingdom
160:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:Allied victory
131:
127:
126:
90:
88:
84:
83:
80:
72:
71:
57:
56:
45:
44:
38:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2864:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:1941 in Libya
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2538:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2439:published in
2436:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:; with Flynn
2335:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:Playfair 1954
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:Playfair 1954
1882:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:Playfair 1954
1753:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:Playfair 1954
1729:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1520:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1345:76/40 mod. 16
1342:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:75/46 mod. 34
1284:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:75/27 mod. 06
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:65/17 mod. 13
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1001:
999:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
961:
958:
951:
945:
940:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
888:
884:
882:
878:
874:
873:Maletti Group
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
842:
837:
835:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
772:(WDF) in the
771:
767:
763:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
711:
706:
696:
691:
689:
684:
682:
677:
676:
673:
660:
659:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Maletti Group
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
611:Frontier Wire
609:
608:
607:
606:
599:
596:
592:
591:Outpost Snipe
589:
587:
586:
582:
580:
579:
575:
574:
573:
570:
566:
565:
561:
559:
558:
554:
552:
551:
547:
546:
545:
544:
540:
538:
535:
531:
528:
527:
526:
523:
521:
518:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
499:
498:
494:
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491:
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468:
467:
463:
462:
461:
460:
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439:
435:
431:
428:
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422:
421:
418:
416:
415:
411:
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404:
402:
399:
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394:
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389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
377:
376:
375:
374:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
356:
355:
351:
349:
346:
345:
344:
339:
334:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
305:
304:
301:
292:
285:
284:
279:
276:22,000 troops
274:
269:
266:
261:
255:
250:
244:
239:
234:
230:
225:
220:
214:
209:
203:
198:
193:
192:
187:
184:
172:
161:
158:
146:
145:
140:
132:
129:
128:
123:
93:
89:
86:
85:
81:
78:
77:
73:
69:
63:
58:
55:
51:
46:
41:
36:
33:
19:
2768:Afrika Korps
2701:
2700:
2669:
2668:
2637:
2636:
2614:
2613:
2512:
2445:
2434:
2415:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2365:
2345:
2314:
2294:
2275:
2255:
2240:. Retrieved
2216:
2192:A Don at War
2191:
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2137:
2116:
2096:
2069:
2050:. Retrieved
2038:
2033:
2015:
2011:
1990:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1815:
1803:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1690:
1683:Australian.
1666:
1658:
1638:
1628:
1603:
1595:
1572:
1566:
1512:
1467:
1443:
1429:
1424:
1412:
1368:
1341:77/28 mod. 5
1329:
1306:Regia Marina
1291:
1279:
1246:
1221:
1202:
1184:
1179:
1162:
1131:
1075:M11/39 tanks
1016:
1004:
997:
996:
983:Babini Group
963:
953:
949:
919:
895:
857:Mersa Matruh
853:Sidi Barrani
846:
825:
815:the Italian
798:
761:
759:
731:
722:Sidi Barrani
636:Babini Group
621:Fort Capuzzo
604:
603:
584:
577:
563:
556:
549:
542:
530:Sidi Haneish
520:Mersa Matruh
496:
489:
488:
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
430:Twin Pimples
420:Tobruk siege
413:
385:
372:
371:
365:Sidi Barrani
353:
342:
243:Henry Wilson
142:Belligerents
48:Part of the
35:
2623:(main unit)
2583:(June 1941)
2543:(June 1942)
2533:(July 1941)
2442:"No. 37628"
2217:To Benghazi
2212:Long, Gavin
2052:27 November
1681:355 of them
1639:San Giorgio
1604:San Giorgio
1596:San Giorgio
1567:San Giorgio
1498:Bersaglieri
1430:San Giorgio
1336:direct fire
1292:San Giorgio
1256:Bersaglieri
1170:M13/40 tank
1132:San Giorgio
651:Baggush Box
572:2nd Alamein
525:1st Alamein
513:Tobruk 1942
414:Sonnenblume
386:Tobruk 1941
265:Iven Mackay
117: /
2806:Categories
2575:(May 1941)
2004:References
1663:Casualties
1615:22 January
1575:1:00 p.m.,
1532:56 sorties
1523:12:00 p.m.
1515:11:50 a.m.
1455:Matilda II
1434:Wellington
1419:Royal Navy
1362:Matilda II
1006:XXII Corps
838:Background
641:Combeforce
631:Camouflage
598:El Agheila
537:Alam Halfa
508:Bir Hakeim
425:2nd Bardia
381:1st Bardia
288:20,000 POW
105:23°57′41″E
30:See also:
2771:(Germany)
2237:314648263
2188:(1990) .
2147:465212715
2047:885609741
1721:Footnotes
1650:Aftermath
1631:4:15 a.m.
1592:6:30 p.m.
1580:4:00 p.m.
1558:Afternoon
1527:2:00 p.m.
1509:Air power
1488:8:30 a.m.
1475:9:10 a.m.
1446:5:40 a.m.
1423:HMS
1415:2:00 a.m.
1276:Artillery
1135:(cruiser)
1083:tankettes
1041:howitzers
896:With the
817:10th Army
801:Cyrenaica
747:Beda Fomm
543:Agreement
477:Point 175
452:Battleaxe
396:Beda Fomm
183:Australia
102:32°4′34″N
2264:59637091
2254:(1951).
2214:(1952).
2157:25 March
1995:IOH 1979
1699:See also
1674:87 tanks
1670:208 guns
1655:Analysis
1602:against
1421:monitor
1374:and the
1360:British
1166:Benghazi
811:and the
788:and the
585:Braganza
459:Crusader
445:Skorpion
406:Giarabub
271:Strength
87:Location
2763:(Italy)
2755:(Italy)
2747:(Italy)
2739:(Italy)
2344:(ed.).
2242:13 July
2068:(ed.).
2024:6863876
1635:Captain
1440:Morning
1214:El Adem
1195:El Adem
987:Mechili
941:Prelude
879:at the
832:Mechili
776:of the
742:Mechili
717:Nibeiwa
578:Bertram
557:Caravan
497:Acrobat
466:Flipper
438:Brevity
391:Mechili
360:Nibeiwa
354:Compass
94:, Libya
52:of the
2498:Tobruk
2422:
2403:
2386:16 May
2377:
2352:
2322:
2301:
2282:
2262:
2235:
2200:
2174:
2145:
2124:
2103:
2076:
2045:
2022:
1503:M11/39
1425:Terror
1394:Attack
1319:149/35
1232:Acroma
807:, the
794:Tobruk
732:Tobruk
727:Bardia
564:Nicety
550:Bigamy
503:Gazala
180:
168:
154:
130:Result
92:Tobruk
2221:(PDF)
2037:[
2014:[
1519:CR.30
1239:Derna
1081:L3/35
979:Berta
975:Derna
828:Derna
737:Derna
401:Kufra
157:Italy
2420:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2388:2017
2375:ISBN
2371:HMSO
2350:ISBN
2320:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2260:OCLC
2244:2015
2233:OCLC
2198:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2159:2015
2143:OCLC
2122:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2074:ISBN
2054:2019
2043:OCLC
2020:OCLC
1672:and
1582:the
1550:and
1538:and
1525:and
1481:and
977:and
830:and
760:The
490:1942
373:1941
343:1940
79:Date
1573:At
1542:of
1513:By
1444:At
229:POW
2808::
2444:.
2373:.
2338:RN
2231:.
2223:.
1975:^
1960:^
1941:^
1842:^
1827:^
1788:^
1546:,
1327:.
1127::
1013:)
912:,
908:,
834:.
2531:(
2490:e
2483:t
2476:v
2428:.
2409:.
2390:.
2358:.
2328:.
2307:.
2288:.
2266:.
2246:.
2206:.
2180:.
2161:.
2130:.
2109:.
2082:.
2026:.
1309:(
960:)
694:e
687:t
680:v
322:e
315:t
308:v
231:)
227:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
