1060:, a historian of the Ottoman Empire, describes the battle as Skanderbeg's most brilliant victory. The battle of Albulena strengthened the morale of Skanderbeg's men who afterwards rarely, if at all, deserted his army as Hamza had. Hamza himself was sent as a prisoner to Naples in Alfonso's realm after being captured. An Ottoman envoy was sent to ransom the standard bearers and forty of the distinguished prisoners. The envoy also tried to settle for a truce between Mehmed and Skanderbeg, but the latter responded that he would only accept if Svetigrad and Berat, which had been lost in 1448 and 1450 respectively, were restored to his state. Seeing that Mehmed would not accept such terms, Skanderbeg strengthened his garrisons in the area around Svetigrad. The victory still bought Albania and Italy time; in 1460, Mehmed and Skanderbeg signed an armistice that lasted three years. This gave Skanderbeg the opportunity to
976:. Skanderbeg stalled this force's advance, but, once the main force arrived, the Albanians were not able to offer further resistance and withdrew. Realizing that both Ottoman commanders, Isak bey and Hamza, were familiar with the Albanian terrain and his tactics, Skanderbeg decided to adopt a new means of engagement. Normally, he would lure his enemy into a trap and then ambush them. His new tactic was very similar to his normal; however, he chose to approach it in a different manner. To make it impossible to be followed, Skanderbeg split his forces into several groups and ordered their respective commanders to march through the forests and mountains in different directions and to never assemble or assault the Ottomans unless instructed to do so. The Albanian warriors were supplied by the locals and supply depots set throughout the mountains as they marched.
1026:(Shkodër). Skanderbeg remained in the mountains throughout July and August. It is not known with certainty what his army did while in the mountains, but he planned to wear the Ottomans out by forcing them to wait and to make them believe that he had been decisively defeated. Skanderbeg then sent Gjergj(George) Pjetri to Rome as an ambassador to give the Pope the impression that Albania had been decisively conquered and that aid was necessary to force the Ottomans out of Albania. On 17 September 1457, Calixtus notified Skanderbeg that he had sent Johan Navarre to help fund the crusade. By the time he arrived, however, the situation had already changed.
1035:
groups, to assemble without being seen by the
Ottomans. The army gathered by the hills at Tumenishta â as the weakest point in the Ottoman camp was in this direction â and on 2 September 1457, it was split again into three groups to assault the Ottoman camp. With some of his most trusted men, he climbed to a high peak to scout on the Ottoman camp and saw that the Ottomans were resting. He descended with his chosen band to eliminate any watching guards, but one saw Skanderbeg and fled into the camp yelling that Skanderbeg had arrived. In order to maintain the surprise, Skanderbeg ordered his men to get ready for battle.
753:
unseen by the
Ottoman forces until the signal to reassemble was given. The Albanians remained in separate formations until September, by which time the Ottomans had become both exasperated and convinced that Skanderbeg had been defeated. On 2 September 1457, Skanderbeg finally gave the order for his armies to regroup and launched a surprise attack on the Ottoman camp, killing and capturing up to 30,000 men. Among them was Hamza who was later sent as a prisoner to
927:, deserting and joining the Ottomans. Hamza had become dissatisfied with Skanderbeg's growing power and, upon being received by the sultan, was offered control over much of Albania once conquered. Stung by the betrayal, Skanderbeg offered an ultimatum to Venice where they had to halt their provocations or begin war. Since a crusade was anticipated against the Ottomans, Venice did not want to seem pro-Ottoman and eased their stance towards Albania.
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952:. Hamza brought along with him several disaffected Albanian nobles and personal knowledge of the tactics they could expect from Skanderbeg. In total, Ottoman forces numbered between 50,000 and 80,000 men. Armies of this size were usually commanded by the sultan himself so rumors spread that Mehmed was leading the campaign. In contrast, Skanderbeg had between 8,000 and 10,000 men to stand in opposition.
1007:, Isak bey and Hamza prepared to annihilate any resistance they would find there. This effort came in vain, however, as they were not challenged by any Albanian forces. Still unsure of Skanderbeg's dispositions, the Ottoman commanders strengthened the camp's northern defenses, while the eastern side, in the direction of Tumenishta, remained lightly defended. Ottoman scouts crossed the
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larger numbers than they actually had. Hamza tried to reorder his men, assuring them that the
Albanians were few. Isak bey tried to send reinforcements to Hamza's men, but the arrival of new Albanian contingents forced him to turn his attention. A series of cavalry charges and counter-charges kept the battle moving with a rain of missiles and
1044:
addition, 15,000 men were taken prisoner, twenty-four standards were captured, and all the riches in the camp were lost to the
Albanians. A multitude of men were also captured, among them Hamza Kastrioti. The fallen Albanian warriors were buried in the Cathedral of St. Mary in the village of Shumri (3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of
1034:
The local population remained faithful to
Skanderbeg and did not reveal his whereabouts. Isak bey and Hamza grew confident that Skanderbeg had been defeated and had thus began to withdraw. When he judged the time right, Skanderbeg gave the signal for the army, which had up until then been in separate
760:
The victory strengthened the morale of the
Albanians. There were few, if not any, officers and soldiers who deserted afterwards. The Battle of Albulena has been seen as Skanderbeg's most brilliant victory over the Ottomans. However, it also marked the high point of the Albanian resistance, beginning
935:
By the end of May 1457, a large
Ottoman army was seen approaching Albania. Skanderbeg sent a letter to Calixtus informing him of the Ottoman arrival and the dire need for military aid. The pope responded with a promise to send a fleet to Albania â even though the enemy was on land â but it did not
752:
cavalrymen, but upon the approach of the main force, decided to retreat. Both Isak bey and Hamza were familiar with
Skanderbeg's tactics so the Albanian leader adopted a new one. He split his army into several groups and ordered them to march in separate directions through the mountains and remain
1038:
With the accompaniment of loud noise made from metallic tools and weapons being clapped together, the
Albanians charged into the Turkish camp. The Ottomans were caught by surprise and, despite their large numbers, were terrified by the fury of the Albanian assault, thinking they were attacking in
1043:
forcing the
Ottomans into the heart of the camp. Seeing that they were surrounded, the Ottoman force began to panic and melted away. Hamza was thus captured, though Isak bey fled. The Ottoman dead may have been as high as 30,000, but it is unlikely that they suffered more than 15,000 deaths. In
812:
while Skanderbeg and his forces were on their way; but did not arrive due to his army being blocked off by ÄuraÄ BrankoviÄ and so he was unable to provide help; Hunyadi engaged the Ottomans thinking Skanderbeg was not coming. In response to BrankoviÄ's delaying, Skanderbeg ravaged BrankoviÄ's
50:
1068:, who had been crowned after his father had died. The battle thus opened a new phase in the Ottoman-Albanian war which saw the high-water mark of the Albanian resistance and the fiercest Ottoman invasions of Albania in the war. The war would last until the
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a new phase in Skanderbeg's quarter-century long war which would include its fiercest Ottoman invasions. Even though Skanderbeg himself had died in January 1468, the war would drag on until 1478 and later in the same year the main Albanian fortress at
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tried to create an anti-Ottoman alliance which would include his realm, Skanderbeg, Hunyadi, Calixtus, and Alfonso, all of whom would act in concert to defeat the sultan. The plans were never put to practice, however.
987:, Albania's main fortress, until he was sure of the Albanian's fate. He thus camped with his men in the area north of Mount Tumenishta (Skënderbeu) to wait for Skanderbeg's appearance. This region was called
821:, a fortress which had been seized from his control in 1450. The result was catastrophic for the Albanians who succumbed to an Ottoman counterattack upon Skanderbeg's temporary departure from the main force.
1018:
Due to Skanderbeg's "disappearance," rumors began to spread that he had fled since he was unable to confront the Ottomans and that his men had betrayed him. This was further upheld by the Venetians in
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and later re-joined Skanderbeg's army. Later, Skanderbeg's dissatisfied nephew, Hamza Kastrioti, betrayed Skanderbeg and was offered joint-command with Isak bey over a second Ottoman invasion force.
825:, Skanderbeg's most helpful and important ally, also suffered a blow to his ambitions which included a pan-Mediterranean empire. The Albanians, however, were able to recover their morale when Pope
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Commanders such as Gojko and Ivan (or John) BalĆĄiÄ, alongside Gjinia Aleksi, contributed to the strategic victories in different battles, specifically in the Battle of Albulena.
1003:. It was surrounded by a series of protective hills where guards were placed. Since Tumenishta had served as the main base for Skanderbeg's forays into the Ottoman camp at the
881:. The force was defeated and, through a show of mercy, Golemi was allowed to return to the Albanian ranks without punishment. In July 1456 Mehmed marched a large army to
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792:), had served for several years in the Ottoman army, as both soldier and commander, before returning to his homeland and beginning an uprising against the
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and pillaged the area. Skanderbeg took parallel routes through the mountains. Since he had not yet engaged Skanderbeg, Isak bey decided not to besiege
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Skanderbeg had been the leader of the Albanians for over a decade and had seen many victories over the Ottoman armies. However, after his unsuccessful
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Skanderbeg's resources were worn out after over a decade of continuous war. Alfonso and the pope could not provide for him fully, while
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to launch an expedition against Skanderbeg. War never started but Albanian-Venetian relations sunk to their lowest point. The Venetian
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continued to provoke Skanderbeg at a time when he had grown relatively weak due to his nephew and one of his most important officers,
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1022:(Durrës). Isak bey and Hamza continued to be wary, however, and their reconnaissance forces reached as far north as
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continued to undermine Skanderbeg. The latter considered war with Skanderbeg since he maintained his alliance with
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domains. As a result of the defeat, the Ottomans were free from Hungarian pressure, which had been limited to
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829:, who had begun to worry that his plans for crusade would be undermined, promised to aid Skanderbeg.
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1937:
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The Ottoman army did not march into Albania in one group. The first detachments to arrive were the
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and Hamza Kastrioti in command of the force. Isak bey was an experienced commander who had crushed
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737:. Golemi returned the next year with an Ottoman force under his command, but was defeated at the
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877:, Skanderbeg's former captain who had deserted after loss of Berat, met Skanderbeg's men at the
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49:
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The battle of Albulena was significant for the southern resistance against the Ottoman Empire.
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1943:
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Detail of a miniature, showing two leaders of the Akıncı in the Battle of Mohåcs, 1526
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17:
765:, finally effecting the annexation of Skanderbeg's Albania by the Ottoman Empire.
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in 1455, Skanderbeg was betrayed by some of his most trusted officers, among them
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arrive. Skanderbeg was thus left to fight the oncoming Ottoman army alone.
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913:. Even though Skanderbeg did not participate in this, Venice used it as a
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The main roads through Albania and the most common Ottoman invasion routes
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Engraving of an Albanian assault on the Turkish camp during the battle
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910:
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into northern Albania. They were seen at the gates of Venetian-held
1000:
80:
1079:, originating as a reference to the battle, is still in use today.
959:
831:
772:
283:
873:
of his need for aid. The Ottoman invasion came in May 1456 when
3675:
1737:
236:
1692:. Vol. II. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
948:'s rebellion in 1430 and led the Ottoman counterattack at the
744:
The Ottomans arrived in late May 1457 and marched through the
748:
Valley. Skanderbeg tried to delay the vanguard, composed of
905:. Relations with the Italian state worsened further when
885:
in Serbia, but was defeated by Hunyadi. Later that year,
865:, his ambassador to the West, with a letter to Cardinal
1617:
Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra (1405-1468)
1563:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
1015:(Lezhë) and ventured deeper into Venetian territory.
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2433:
2332:
2081:
2068:
2048:
1789:
1776:
909:, Skanderbeg's elusive ally in the north, captured
1713:Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804
1596:Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero
1426:
1424:
1355:
1353:
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34:
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1157:
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1153:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
842:Before the planned crusade commenced, Sultan
248:
8:
861:and Albania. In April 1456, Skanderbeg sent
3641:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
1716:. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
4457:Ottoman – Albanian nobility
4366:
3722:
3694:
3680:
3672:
3184:
2965:
2443:
2078:
1786:
1756:
1742:
1734:
1532:
1496:
1484:
1457:
1430:
1359:
1296:
1144:
1119:. New York University Press. p. 246.
255:
241:
233:
31:
4111:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
1668:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
955:
706:, was fought on 2 September 1457 between
1472:
1445:
1415:
1388:
1376:
1342:
1323:
1308:
1284:
1269:
1254:
1227:
1212:
1200:
1185:
1161:
1102:
27:1457 battle of the OttomanâAlbanian wars
1599:. London: Centre for Albanian Studies.
1132:
1088:
185:
3650:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
1620:(in Albanian). Tirana: Botimet Toena.
1520:
1400:
1239:
817:and its environs. In 1455, Skanderbeg
3636:For 20th-century battles before 1914
1508:
1173:
800:in 1448 had ended with the defeat of
7:
4609:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
1689:The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571
640:Resistance until the Fall of Shkodra
3645:For the battles during World War I
1553:(1978). Hickman, William C. (ed.).
3702:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire
25:
1556:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
1075:The Albanian feminine first name
42:AlbanianâOttoman Wars (1432â1479)
4576:
4575:
48:
4629:Battles of Mehmed the Conqueror
1665:The Fall of Constantinople 1453
1641:Historical Dictionary of Kosova
999:), located south of modern-day
883:besiege Hungarian-held Belgrade
1117:History of the Albanian People
264:Medieval AlbanianâOttoman Wars
1:
3807:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
1644:. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press.
1115:StipÄeviq, AlexandĂ«r (1975).
979:The Ottomans marched through
1064:and help out Alfonso's son,
956:Skanderbeg's "disappearance"
273:Early Ottoman invasions and
4118:Declaration of Independence
1585:. Harvard University Press.
857:) decided to march against
4645:
4619:1457 in the Ottoman Empire
567:Ballaban's fourth Campaign
448:Mehmed II's first Campaign
4614:Battles involving Albania
4571:
3822:Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion
3707:
3660:Ottoman victories are in
3658:
3632:
1614:Frashëri, Kristo (2002).
1583:The Memoirs of Scanderbeg
722:and Skanderbeg's nephew,
684:
605:Contemporaneous Campaigns
270:
209:
196:
116:
99:
58:
47:
39:
4073:1912 – 13
4068:1478 – 79
4048:1477 – 78
4038:1466 – 67
3760:1843 – 44
3755:1432 – 36
1048:) near the battlefield.
784:, the ruler of Albania (
798:Second Battle of Kosovo
4478:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3733:Skanderbeg's rebellion
996:
965:
854:
839:
789:
778:
688:Wars involving Albania
382:Skanderbeg's Rebellion
117:Commanders and leaders
4604:Warfare by Skanderbeg
3797:Ali Pasha's Rebellion
3792:AlbanianâVenetian War
1684:Setton, Kenneth Meyer
1066:Ferdinand I of Naples
1005:Siege of Krujë (1450)
963:
835:
776:
210:Casualties and losses
4167:Partition of Albania
4096:Albanian Renaissance
3812:Mehmed II's campaign
972:who marched through
735:Moisi Arianit Golemi
702:, also known as the
308:Bayezid I's Campaign
153:Nikollë II Dukagjini
143:Gjinia Aleksi Lleshi
3802:Ballaban's campaign
3743:Macedonian campaign
823:Alfonso V of Aragon
819:laid siege to Berat
704:Battle of Ujëbardha
623:Dukagjini Civil War
516:Macedonian Campaign
18:Battle of Ujëbardha
3738:Italian expedition
966:
867:Domenico Capranica
840:
779:
700:Battle of Albulena
631:Italian Expedition
148:Lekë III Dukagjini
35:Battle of Albulena
4624:Conflicts in 1457
4589:
4588:
4567:
4566:
4225:
4224:
3669:
3668:
3628:
3627:
3179:(1789–1908)
3170:
3169:
2960:(1700–1789)
2951:
2950:
2438:(1550–1700)
2429:
2428:
2073:(1453–1550)
2064:
2063:
1781:(1299–1453)
1723:978-0-295-96033-3
1699:978-0-87169-127-9
1675:978-0-521-39832-9
1651:978-0-8108-5309-6
1606:978-1-873928-13-4
1591:Hodgkinson, Harry
1570:978-0-691-01078-6
891:Karamanid Dynasty
695:
694:
677:
669:
661:
653:
644:
635:
627:
619:
610:
599:
591:
582:
575:
563:
555:
547:
538:
531:
524:
512:
504:
496:
488:
480:
472:
463:
456:
444:
436:
428:
420:
412:
404:
396:
387:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
231:
230:
95:
94:
16:(Redirected from
4636:
4579:
4578:
4367:
3750:Albanian revolts
3723:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3673:
3563:2nd Kerch Strait
3185:
3180:
3152:1st Kerch Strait
2966:
2961:
2444:
2439:
2409:Strait of Hormuz
2271:Peñón of Algiers
2079:
2074:
1787:
1782:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1703:
1679:
1660:Runciman, Steven
1655:
1631:
1610:
1586:
1574:
1559:. Translated by
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1327:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1100:
942:Isak Bey Evrenoz
879:Battle of Oranik
790:dominus Albaniae
739:Battle of Oranik
720:Isak bey Evrenoz
675:
667:
659:
651:
642:
633:
625:
617:
608:
597:
589:
580:
573:
561:
553:
545:
536:
529:
522:
510:
502:
494:
486:
478:
470:
461:
454:
442:
434:
426:
418:
410:
402:
394:
385:
374:
366:
358:
350:
342:
334:
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
265:
257:
250:
243:
234:
187:
175:Isak Bey Evrenoz
158:Pal II Dukagjini
91:Albanian victory
66:2 September 1457
60:
59:
52:
32:
21:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4563:
4466:
4408:
4358:
4221:
4217:Vithkuqi script
4202:Skanderbeg myth
4176:Principalities
4160:North Macedonia
4084:
4018:
3942:
3826:
3714:
3703:
3700:
3670:
3665:
3654:
3624:
3585:6th Dardanelles
3579:5th Dardanelles
3544:
3178:
3177:
3166:
3118:
2959:
2958:
2947:
2903:4th Dardanelles
2897:3rd Dardanelles
2892:2nd Dardanelles
2886:1st Dardanelles
2839:
2651:2nd ZrĂnyiĂșjvĂĄr
2646:1st ZrĂnyiĂșjvĂĄr
2641:Jurjeve Stijene
2437:
2436:
2425:
2328:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2044:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1762:
1730:
1724:
1706:
1700:
1682:
1676:
1658:
1652:
1634:
1628:
1613:
1607:
1589:
1577:
1571:
1551:Babinger, Franz
1549:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1533:Hodgkinson 1999
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1497:Hodgkinson 1999
1495:
1491:
1485:Hodgkinson 1999
1483:
1479:
1471:
1464:
1458:Hodgkinson 1999
1456:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1431:Hodgkinson 1999
1429:
1422:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1366:
1360:Hodgkinson 1999
1358:
1349:
1341:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1297:Hodgkinson 1999
1295:
1291:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1151:
1145:Hodgkinson 1999
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1090:
1085:
1054:
1032:
958:
933:
925:Hamza Kastrioti
837:Hamza Kastrioti
771:
724:Hamza Kastrioti
696:
691:
680:
372:Arianiti Revolt
356:Albanian Revolt
266:
263:
261:
227:
224:15,000 captured
192:
181:Hamza Kastrioti
167:
106:League of Lezhë
83:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4642:
4640:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4596:
4595:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4525:Western Thrace
4522:
4517:
4512:
4502:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3729:
3727:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3643:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2970:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2933:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2875:Cape Celidonia
2872:
2867:
2860:
2855:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2670:Saint Gotthard
2667:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2544:AlcĂĄcer Quibir
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2448:
2441:
2435:Transformation
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2076:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2039:Constantinople
2035:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1769:Ottoman Empire
1767:involving the
1763:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1704:
1698:
1680:
1674:
1656:
1650:
1632:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1587:
1579:Barleti, Marin
1575:
1569:
1561:Manheim, Ralph
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1462:
1450:
1435:
1420:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1364:
1347:
1328:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1274:
1259:
1244:
1232:
1217:
1205:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1107:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1058:Franz Babinger
1053:
1050:
1031:
1028:
957:
954:
950:Siege of Berat
946:Gjon Kastrioti
932:
929:
907:Lekë Dukagjini
869:informing the
794:Ottoman Empire
770:
767:
731:Siege of Berat
710:forces led by
693:
692:
685:
682:
681:
679:
678:
670:
662:
654:
637:
636:
628:
620:
601:
600:
592:
584:
564:
556:
548:
540:
513:
505:
497:
489:
481:
473:
465:
445:
437:
429:
421:
413:
405:
397:
378:
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
271:
268:
267:
262:
260:
259:
252:
245:
237:
229:
228:
226:
225:
222:
218:
216:
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
194:
193:
191:
190:
178:
170:
168:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
122:
119:
118:
114:
113:
111:Ottoman Empire
108:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
75:North-central
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4641:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4592:
4582:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:Grand Viziers
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:Congregations
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3706:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:Naval battles
3547:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:Philippopolis
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3176:Modernization
3173:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:Naval battles
3121:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2954:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:Naval battles
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:Naval battles
2331:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2070:Classical Age
2067:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:Naval battles
2047:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1636:Elsie, Robert
1633:
1629:
1627:99927-1-627-4
1623:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1535:, p. 220
1534:
1529:
1526:
1523:, p. 231
1522:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1499:, p. 151
1498:
1493:
1490:
1487:, p. 150
1486:
1481:
1478:
1475:, p. 356
1474:
1473:Frashëri 2002
1469:
1467:
1463:
1460:, p. 149
1459:
1454:
1451:
1448:, p. 352
1447:
1446:Frashëri 2002
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:, p. 148
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1418:, p. 351
1417:
1416:Frashëri 2002
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:, p. 194
1402:
1397:
1394:
1391:, p. 350
1390:
1389:Frashëri 2002
1385:
1382:
1379:, p. 349
1378:
1377:Frashëri 2002
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1362:, p. 147
1361:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1345:, p. 348
1344:
1343:Frashëri 2002
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:, p. 346
1325:
1324:Frashëri 2002
1320:
1318:
1314:
1311:, p. 344
1310:
1309:Frashëri 2002
1305:
1302:
1299:, p. 146
1298:
1293:
1290:
1287:, p. 345
1286:
1285:Frashëri 2002
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:, p. 343
1271:
1270:Frashëri 2002
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:, p. 342
1256:
1255:Frashëri 2002
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:, p. 174
1241:
1236:
1233:
1230:, p. 341
1229:
1228:Frashëri 2002
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:, p. 339
1214:
1213:Frashëri 2002
1209:
1206:
1203:, p. 338
1202:
1201:Frashëri 2002
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:Runciman 1990
1182:
1179:
1176:, p. 162
1175:
1170:
1167:
1164:, p. 347
1163:
1162:Frashëri 2002
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:, p. 185
1146:
1141:
1138:
1135:, p. 134
1134:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1105:, p. 152
1104:
1103:Babinger 1978
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1070:fall of Krujë
1067:
1063:
1062:land in Italy
1059:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
962:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:the Conqueror
845:
838:
834:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
796:in 1444. The
795:
791:
787:
783:
775:
768:
766:
764:
758:
756:
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
690:
689:
683:
674:
671:
666:
663:
658:
655:
650:
647:
646:
645:
641:
632:
629:
624:
621:
616:
613:
612:
611:
607:
606:
596:
593:
588:
585:
579:
572:
568:
565:
560:
557:
552:
549:
544:
541:
535:
528:
521:
517:
514:
509:
506:
501:
498:
493:
490:
485:
482:
477:
474:
469:
466:
460:
453:
449:
446:
441:
438:
433:
430:
425:
422:
417:
414:
409:
406:
401:
398:
393:
390:
389:
388:
384:
383:
373:
370:
365:
364:Muzaka Revolt
362:
357:
354:
349:
348:Kastrioti War
346:
341:
338:
333:
330:
325:
322:
317:
314:
309:
306:
301:
298:
293:
290:
285:
282:
281:
277:
276:
269:
258:
253:
251:
246:
244:
239:
238:
235:
223:
221:15,000 killed
220:
219:
217:
214:
213:
208:
205:50,000â80,000
204:
201:
200:
195:
188:
182:
179:
177:
176:
172:
171:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
128:
124:
123:
121:
120:
115:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
98:
90:
87:
86:
82:
78:
73:
70:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4591:
4447:20th century
4442:19th century
4437:18th century
4432:17th century
4427:16th century
4422:15th century
4382:Islamization
4140:Mësonjëtorja
4128:Bashi-Bazouk
4089:Other events
3837:
3817:Morea revolt
3709:
3661:
3646:
3637:
3577:
3555:
3537:
3515:
3473:
3466:
3444:
3372:
3365:
3343:
3331:
3324:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3231:
3204:
3188:Land battles
3129:
3111:
3104:
3042:
3035:
3013:
3006:
3002:2nd Belgrade
2997:Petrovaradin
2989:
2982:
2975:
2969:Land battles
2940:
2928:
2901:
2884:
2862:
2850:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2788:Egri Palanka
2786:
2779:
2762:
2755:
2743:
2721:
2674:
2662:
2655:
2633:
2626:
2614:
2597:
2590:
2568:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2447:Land battles
2418:
2414:Gulf of Oman
2401:
2384:
2372:
2365:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2321:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2189:
2157:
2150:
2138:
2108:
2104:1st Belgrade
2082:Land battles
2037:
2025:
2003:
1986:
1977:Hermannstadt
1969:
1962:
1957:Thessalonica
1955:
1948:
1936:
1909:
1892:
1882:Philadelphia
1880:
1873:
1866:
1861:Sırp SındıÄı
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1798:Kulaca Hisar
1796:
1790:Land battles
1731:
1712:
1708:Sugar, Peter
1688:
1664:
1640:
1616:
1595:
1582:
1555:
1528:
1516:
1511:, p. 67
1504:
1492:
1480:
1453:
1396:
1384:
1304:
1292:
1235:
1208:
1188:, p. 46
1181:
1169:
1140:
1133:Barleti 1508
1128:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1074:
1055:
1041:arquebusiers
1037:
1033:
1017:
997:Uji i Bardhë
988:
978:
967:
934:
914:
896:
875:Moses Golemi
863:Pal Engjëlli
846:
841:
827:Calixtus III
810:Transylvania
802:John Hunyadi
780:
759:
743:
728:
703:
699:
697:
686:
639:
638:
615:Venetian War
604:
603:
602:
491:
380:
379:
324:Zenevisi War
272:
202:8,000â10,000
173:
133:Gojko BalĆĄiÄ
125:
100:Belligerents
40:Part of the
29:
4471:Communities
4145:Nationalism
4106:Balkan Wars
3994:Manastir II
3481:Shipka Pass
3435:BaĆgedikler
3430:Akhaltsikhe
3395:Akhaltsikhe
3239:Mount Tabor
3222:Shubra Khit
3157:2nd Ochakov
3100:2nd Ochakov
3060:Stavunchany
3055:1st Ochakov
2599:Nagykanizsa
2277:Leobersdorf
1521:Setton 1978
1401:Setton 1978
1240:Setton 1978
940:had placed
916:casus belli
718:army under
643:(1468â1479)
609:(1447â1462)
386:(1443â1468)
279:(1385â1443)
163:Vrana Konti
138:Ivan BalĆĄiÄ
79:, south of
4598:Categories
4387:Bektashism
4197:Rum Millet
3989:Manastir I
3711:Background
3475:Kızıl Tepe
3351:Dervenakia
3249:Heliopolis
3113:KarĂĄnsebes
3037:Banja Luka
2957:Old Regime
2942:Samothrace
2870:Cape Corvo
2764:Negroponte
2751:2nd MohĂĄcs
2745:Vrtijeljka
2712:2nd Vienna
2697:2nd Khotyn
2682:KrasnobrĂłd
2622:1st Khotyn
2610:Tashiskari
2576:CÄlugÄreni
2523:Gvozdansko
2495:Mostaganem
2374:Formentera
2367:1st Jeddah
2264:1st MohĂĄcs
2229:Mercidabık
2165:Breadfield
2152:Valea AlbÄ
2114:TĂąrgoviÈte
2099:2nd Oranik
2027:2nd Kosovo
2021:1st Oranik
1922:Karanovasa
1888:Dubravnica
1854:Adrianople
1509:Sugar 1983
1174:Elsie 2004
1083:References
887:Ä°brahim II
782:Skanderbeg
769:Background
763:Krujë fell
757:in Italy.
712:Skanderbeg
340:Muzaka War
127:Skanderbeg
4537:Arbëreshë
4520:Souliotes
4510:Arvanites
4328:Vilayets
4252:Pashaliks
4230:Geography
4212:Stratioti
4185:Kastrioti
4180:Dukagjini
4133:Devshirme
4123:Janissary
4101:Armatoles
4080:Svetigrad
3908:Oranik II
3868:MartiniÄi
3726:Rebellion
3533:Velestino
3528:Al Wajbah
3452:Eupatoria
3440:Kurekdere
3400:Kulevicha
3356:Karpenisi
3326:DrÄgÄÈani
3090:Kozludzha
3026:YeghevÄrd
2930:Oinousses
2794:Slankamen
2707:Trembowla
2657:Novi Zrin
2592:Keresztes
2586:2nd Brest
2551:1st Brest
2323:Sokhoista
2311:Esztergom
2236:Han Yunus
2180:CÄtlÄbuga
2140:Otlukbeli
2119:2nd Mokra
2056:Gallipoli
2011:1st Mokra
1971:Novo Brdo
1938:Nicopolis
1917:Kırkdilim
1840:Gallipoli
1826:Pelekanon
1072:in 1478.
1052:Aftermath
1046:Mamurrasi
1009:Mat River
938:Mehmed II
844:Mehmed II
746:Mat River
676:(1478â79)
668:(1477â78)
652:(1473â79)
634:(1460â62)
626:(1456â57)
618:(1447â48)
590:(1466â67)
424:Svetigrad
392:Svetigrad
367:(1437â38)
359:(1432â36)
351:(1428â30)
343:(1415â17)
327:(1414â18)
4581:Category
4493:Arbanasi
4483:Bulgaria
4399:Nobility
4347:Manastir
4312:Monastir
4307:Ioannina
4273:Sanjaks
4240:Ioannina
4236:Eyalets
4059:Shkodër
3964:Dukagjin
3928:Torvioll
3903:Oranik I
3883:Mokra II
3838:Albulena
3615:Navarino
3610:Gerontas
3573:Kaliakra
3506:TaĆkesen
3496:4th Kars
3462:3rd Kars
3457:Chernaya
3446:OlteniÈa
3410:2nd Acre
3385:2nd Kars
3374:Phaleron
3367:Kamatero
3361:Arachova
3339:Vasilika
3310:Valtetsi
3274:Al-Safra
3269:Slobozia
3259:Arpachai
3233:1st Acre
3227:Pyramids
3162:Fidonisi
3075:Aspindza
3070:Khresili
3065:1st Kars
2924:Mytilene
2880:Focchies
2810:Moulouya
2804:Ustechko
2770:BatoÄina
2687:NiemirĂłw
2635:KöbölkĂșt
2462:TemesvĂĄr
2392:Girolata
2355:Balearic
2243:Ridanieh
2223:Koçhisar
2210:Turnadag
2203:Ăaldıran
2109:Albulena
2094:Krusevac
2089:Leskovac
1999:Torvioll
1994:Kunovica
1988:Zlatitsa
1833:Demotika
1710:(1983).
1686:(1978).
1662:(1990).
1638:(2004).
1593:(1999).
1581:(1508).
1077:Albulena
993:Albanian
989:Albulena
931:Campaign
871:Holy See
855:el-FÄtiáž„
815:Belgrade
708:Albanian
492:Albulena
400:Torvioll
197:Strength
71:Location
4559:Ukraine
4544:Romania
4488:Croatia
4370:Culture
4363:Society
4352:Scutari
4332:Albania
4322:Scutari
4297:Elbasan
4287:Delvina
4277:Albania
4262:Scutari
4245:Rumelia
4150:Albania
4014:Prizren
4009:Preveza
3974:Frashër
3969:Elbasan
3913:Otonetë
3893:NovĆĄiÄe
3878:Mokra I
3831:Battles
3719:History
3662:italics
3600:Nauplia
3595:Algiers
3539:Domokos
3523:Mouzaki
3511:NovĆĄiÄe
3491:Aladzha
3468:Al-Hasa
3405:Algiers
3333:Sculeni
3315:Doliana
3305:Erzurum
3294:Alamana
3206:Giurgiu
3195:FocÈani
3137:Matapan
3106:Mehadia
3095:Kinburn
3050:Perekop
3015:Samarra
3008:Kurijan
2919:Algiers
2914:Algiers
2909:Algiers
2858:Lepanto
2781:Zernest
2775:2nd NiĆĄ
2734:Eperjes
2717:PĂĄrkĂĄny
2692:Komarno
2676:ĆadyĆŒyn
2605:Sufiyan
2581:Giurgiu
2537:Torches
2509:Szigeth
2488:Tlemcen
2455:Tlemcen
2397:AlborĂĄn
2386:Preveza
2341:Zonchio
2317:Karagak
2297:Algiers
2290:Baghdad
2283:Gorjani
2257:Tlemcen
2217:Algiers
2159:Shkodra
2016:Otonetë
1982:1st NiĆĄ
1964:Golubac
1950:Ăamurlu
1900:PloÄnik
1875:Maritsa
1868:Samokov
1847:Ihtiman
1805:Bapheus
1765:Battles
1543:Sources
1024:Scutari
1020:Durazzo
1013:Alessio
921:rectors
889:of the
859:Hungary
851:Turkish
806:voivode
716:Ottoman
714:and an
673:Shkodra
657:Shkodra
578:Kashari
452:Modrica
416:Otonetë
183: (
77:Albania
4554:Turkey
4505:Greece
4462:Pashas
4414:People
4404:Tribes
4342:Kosovo
4337:Janina
4302:Görice
4282:Avlona
4267:Yanina
4207:Spahiu
4190:Muzaka
4172:Piracy
4155:Kosovo
4029:Krujë
4023:Sieges
3938:Vaikal
3933:Ulcinj
3888:Murino
3858:Lopate
3853:Kosovo
3843:Ankara
3568:Tendra
3557:Andros
3517:Ulcinj
3486:Plevna
3300:Gravia
3280:Jeddah
3244:Abukir
3212:Izmail
3200:Rymnik
3147:Patras
3131:Imbros
3044:Grocka
3021:Kirkuk
2977:Chelif
2936:Andros
2852:Cyprus
2757:Crimea
2628:Candia
2616:Cecora
2530:Ăıldır
2469:Palast
2420:Djerba
2197:Dubica
2191:Krbava
2185:Vrpile
2146:Vaslui
2129:Vaikal
1944:Ankara
1927:Rovine
1911:Kosovo
1905:BileÄa
1819:Nicaea
1812:Dimbos
1771:by era
1720:
1696:
1672:
1648:
1624:
1603:
1567:
1030:Battle
970:Akıncı
911:Dagnum
903:Aragon
899:Venice
755:Naples
750:Akıncı
660:(1474)
649:Himarë
598:(1467)
581:(1465)
574:(1465)
571:Vajkal
562:(1465)
554:(1465)
551:Vajkal
546:(1464)
537:(1462)
530:(1462)
527:Pollog
523:(1462)
511:(1462)
503:(1459)
495:(1457)
487:(1456)
484:Oranik
479:(1455)
471:(1453)
468:Pollog
462:(1452)
455:(1452)
443:(1450)
435:(1448)
432:Oranik
427:(1448)
419:(1446)
411:(1445)
403:(1444)
395:(1443)
375:(1443)
335:(1415)
319:(1395)
311:(1394)
303:(1389)
300:Kosovo
295:(1385)
287:(1375)
88:Result
4549:Syria
4532:Italy
4500:Egypt
4394:Kanun
4317:Ohrid
4292:Dibra
4257:Berat
4055:Berat
3984:Lezhë
3959:Dibra
3954:Dibër
3923:Savra
3918:Polog
3898:Ohrid
3873:Meçad
3848:Deçiq
3620:Sinop
3605:Samos
3590:Athos
3425:Nezib
3420:Konya
3390:Varna
3380:Petra
3320:Lalas
3287:Äegar
3264:Batin
3254:Derna
3217:MÄcin
3142:ĂeĆme
3085:Kagul
3080:Larga
3031:Ganja
2991:Pruth
2864:Tunis
2835:Zenta
2817:Lugos
2799:HodĂłw
2739:Kassa
2664:Jijel
2570:Banat
2564:Sisak
2558:BihaÄ
2502:Krupa
2482:Tadla
2403:Ponza
2380:Tunis
2348:Modon
2250:Jajce
2175:Adana
2134:Meçad
2124:Ohrid
2033:Polog
2005:Varna
1932:Ohrid
1894:Savra
985:Krujë
974:Dibër
786:Latin
665:Krujë
595:Krujë
587:Krujë
559:Meçad
543:Ohrid
534:Livad
520:Mokra
508:Mokra
476:Berat
459:Meçad
440:Krujë
408:Mokra
332:Krujë
316:Ohrid
292:Savra
284:Ohrid
215:Minor
4515:Cham
4377:Besa
4063:1474
4043:1467
4033:1450
4004:Peja
3979:Kuçi
3863:Lumë
3785:1912
3780:1911
3775:1910
3770:1847
3765:1845
3415:Hims
3345:Peta
2984:Oran
2830:Azov
2824:UlaĆ
2723:Buda
2702:LwĂłw
2304:Pest
1778:Rise
1718:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1565:ISBN
698:The
500:Sati
275:rule
63:Date
3999:Mat
3647:see
3638:see
2729:VĂĄc
2516:Fez
2476:Fez
2361:Diu
2170:Una
1001:Laç
981:Mat
808:of
186:POW
81:Laç
4600::
1465:^
1438:^
1423:^
1408:^
1367:^
1350:^
1331:^
1316:^
1277:^
1262:^
1247:^
1220:^
1193:^
1152:^
1091:^
995::
853::
804:,
788::
726:.
576:âą
532:âą
525:âą
457:âą
3695:e
3688:t
3681:v
3664:.
1757:e
1750:t
1743:v
1726:.
1702:.
1678:.
1654:.
1630:.
1609:.
1573:.
991:(
849:(
583:)
569:(
539:)
518:(
464:)
450:(
256:e
249:t
242:v
189:)
20:)
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