404:, the head of the Aeduan government and spokesmen for the Gallic delegation, expressed concern over Ariovistus' conquests and for the hostages he had taken. Diviciacus demanded that Caesar defeat Ariovistus and remove the threat of a Germanic invasion otherwise they would have to seek refuge in a new land. Not only did Caesar have a responsibility to protect the longstanding allegiance of the Aedui, but this proposition presented an opportunity to expand Rome's borders, strengthen loyalty within Caesar’s army and establish him as the commander of Rome’s troops abroad.
408:
Rhine, the return of Aedui hostages and the protection of the Aedui and other friends of Rome. Although
Ariovistus assured Caesar that the Aedui hostages would be safe as long as they continued their yearly tribute, he took the position that he and the Romans were both conquerors and that Rome had no jurisdiction over his actions. With the attack of the Harudes on the Aedui and the report that a hundred clans of Suebi were trying to cross the Rhine into Gaul, Caesar had the justification he needed to wage war against Ariovistus in 58 BC.
639:, from his advantageous position on his horse, grasped what was happening and on his own initiative ordered the third line of battle (the infantry reserve) into action in support of the Roman left. The Romans were momentarily victorious on their left. That decision was usually reserved to senior officers but Crassus won high praise for it after the battle and was probably slated for rapid advancement. The enemy line broke and ran for the Rhine, which was 15 miles (24 km) away, women and all, with the Roman cavalry in hot pursuit.
3345:
42:
4442:
1595:
371:. Ariovistus' cavalry cast stones and weapons at the Roman cavalry. Caesar broke off negotiations and instructed his men not to retaliate to prevent the Suebi from claiming that they were induced into a trap by their accepting an opportunity to talk. The following battle resulted in a Roman victory, which secured the eastern borderlands of Gaul, and allowed the temporary construction of
503:, usually rendered in English as "barbarians". The word reflected the mixture of condescension, contempt and fear the Greeks and Romans had for those who did not share their civilisation or values. Only rarely did such barbarians manage to make known their feelings about such use of the concept, as did Ariovistus on that occasion.
643:
harrowing adventures as the
Germans debated (in their presence) whether they should be burned then or later. Caesar said that encountering Procillus and freeing him from his chains gave him as much pleasure as the victory, which offers some insight into the emotional climate of Caesar's forces. The officers were a sort of family.
622:. Apparently, they lacked a reserve, and the Romans followed their established practice of two units forward to one back. Caesar opened the battle with a charge against the Germanic left, which seemed the weakest part of the line. The Germanic forces responded by charging with such speed that the Romans were unable to cast
651:
If Caesar named the units in the
Germanic army from left to right, the Suebi were on Caesar's right, suffered the brunt of the losses, and they were most pursued by Roman cavalry. The Suebi, who had planned to cross the Rhine, turned back. The Germanic tribes that had joined the Suebi in their foray
590:
Caesar says that the enemy camp was defended by a wagon train, drawn up behind the German forces, which had now either to fight or to run. The usual chorus of wailing women was placed on the wagons. The effect that it really had on the
Germanic soldiers is unclear. The idea was to place the tribe in
526:
Over the next few days, Ariovistus moved his camp to within two miles of Caesar's, covering the move with cavalry skirmishes. The
Germanic tribes had developed a special force consisting of cavalry mixed with equal numbers of light infantry whose only function was to support cavalrymen, individually
506:
Ariovistus described official Roman friendship as a sham, and he uttered another uncanny prophecy: that he could gain the real friendship of many leading men at Rome by killing Caesar. Moreover, the senate, he said, had determined that Gaul should be governed by its own laws and so ought to be free.
407:
The senate had declared
Ariovistus a "king and friend of the Roman people" in 59 BC, so Caesar could not easily declare war on the Suebi tribe. Caesar said he could not ignore the pain the Aedui had suffered and delivered an ultimatum to Ariovistus demanding that no Germanic tribesman cross the
568:
while the other four legions returned to the main camp. It is easy to say in retrospect that
Ariovistus should have thrown his entire force against the two lines of battle while the third (the reserve) was preoccupied or that he should have attacked the four legions while they were divided from the
485:
The meeting of the two on a high mound between the camps with the bodyguards a few hundred yards away is surely a rare event in the history of parlays. They both got a chance to present and defend their points of view, face to face, with no filtering or interference from others. Caesar concentrated
435:
as the key to the strategic Doubs valley and marched for it, but Caesar, probably relying on intelligence from the Gauls, arrived there first and established a main base. He had to combat a panic among his own men, who had heard that the
Germans were some sort of superior warriors. Caesar called a
387:
In 61 BC, Ariovistus, chieftain of the Suebi tribe and a king from the
Germanic peoples, resumed the tribe's migration from eastern Germania to the Marne and Rhine regions. Despite this migration encroaching on Sequani land, they sought Ariovistus' allegiance against the Aedui. In 61 BC,
693:
In the early Empire, the same
Germanic tribes that had fought for Ariovistus appeared on both sides of the Rhine in Alsace. Then, they were of mixed ethnicity and perhaps no longer spoke Germanic. It seems clear that the Romans had allowed them to take the former lands of the now missing Boii, in
678:, and the disposition of the lands on the Rhine is missing from his account. The question of who held Alsace is historically significant. The place names in it are Celtic, but where were the Celts? They do not appear in Caesar's campaign against Ariovistus. Very likely, they had been in part the
489:
Caesar reports that Ariovistus stated that "he was not so uncivilized nor so ignorant of affairs, as not to know that the Aedui in the very last war with the Allobroges had neither rendered assistance to the Romans, nor received any from the Roman people in the struggles which the Aedui had been
470:
Ariovistus sent ambassadors to Caesar agreeing, because Caesar had come to him, to a conference. Caesar, known for giving his potential enemies every last chance, entertained the idea that Ariovistus was coming to his senses. It was agreed that they should meet on horseback, accompanied only by
642:
Some, including Ariovistus himself, managed to cross the river in boats or by swimming. The rest were cut down by Roman cavalry, including both of Ariovistus's wives and one of his daughters; another daughter was taken prisoner. Both Caesar's emissaries were rescued unharmed, to relate their
652:
now bought peace by turning against them and attacking them in retreat. In just a few days, the capability had been removed from the Suebi of mounting any offensive over or on the Rhine, which they assiduously avoided for some time to come, taking refuge in the
527:
or in units, who had become enmeshed in combat. Caesar's men stood in battle formation outside the walls of his camp each day, but only skirmishes were offered. Finally, from a distance of two miles, Ariovistus cut Caesar's supply line, isolating his garrison.
770:
586:
took the 6th. Caesar wanted the men to see that they were under the eyes of the entire senior command, which would certainly share their fate. They then began an advance on the weakest feature of the Germanic force, its open camp.
549:". It is unlikely that Ariovistus suspected what was coming. Caesar knew that the Germans outnumbered him and that his best and only defense was an attack. He had to force the Germans to battle or be starved into surrender.
396:
joined his cause, he demanded the Sequani give him more land to accommodate them. This demand concerned Rome because if the Sequani conceded, Ariovistus would be able to take all of their land and attack the rest of Gaul.
538:. However, it is evident that there was a more mundane reason for Ariovistus declining battle: he had Caesar surrounded. Dio Cassius notes the presence of Germans on the slope of the hill behind the camp, where the
690:. Fear of the Germani forced them out of the region, only to be mainly destroyed by their opposition to Caesar. Caesar had just settled the last of them among the Aedui when the campaign against Ariovistus began.
2796:
765:
3691:
545:
Under its best general, the Roman army now demonstrated the classic tactics that had made Rome master of the entire Mediterranean region to such an extent that the Romans were able to call it "
4043:
428:, allowing them to settle in Aeduan land. As only small numbers of Boii were left after the battle, the Aedui were obliging. Caesar must have immediately begun marching up the SaĂ´ne valley.
440:
for making that necessary instead of just following orders. In one of his noted speeches he recalled them to duty and ended by threatening to march the next morning early with only the
671:
were driven from their lands by the Suebi in 55 BC, he was not mentioned. He was dead by late 54 BC, when his death is said to have been a cause of indignation among the Germans.
455:. The army was moving only 7 miles per day and was relying on Diviciacus to lead them through open country; thus, it is probably safe to assume there were no Roman roads between
4494:
211:
444:, about whose valour he said he had no doubts at all. The speech had the intended effect of arousing fanatical loyalty in the 10th and shame and rivalry in the others.
628:
and the fight entered the swordplay stage immediately. The Roman open line of battle, in which each man was left room to fight, prevailed. The Germans crowded into a
447:
Vesontio is about 75 miles (121 km) from the Rhine. Apparently Ariovistus had learned of the Roman presence there because he stopped marching and waited. Using
1010:). In Strabo, however, the Sequani bordered the Rhine, which they had not done earlier. The Boii, who had been widespread on the Danube and upper Rhine, after whom
3378:
510:
The next day, Ariovistus invited Caesar to another parlay. Making a point to emphasize that he could not trust the Germans, Caesar sent two junior officers,
698:
was formed from them. As for the Germans who had already settled among the Celts, it is not clear what happened to them; however, there is no record of any
1555:
636:
572:
The next day Caesar used the auxiliaries from the forward camp as cover while he brought all six rested and fed legions to a starting line before it in
3281:
1253:
1224:
4317:
4073:
3799:
3526:
3387:
3301:
3291:
3925:
3634:
4489:
3822:
3681:
3395:
3321:
3306:
3296:
4332:
3311:
1700:
1119:
1086:
1066:
1048:
204:
4504:
4499:
4360:
3720:
4484:
3859:
3316:
1006:
gives the names of some Celtic tribes among whom Germanic tribes were allowed to settle, especially in the north of Alsace (see under
499:. The classical civilizations throughout their long literary periods consistently characterized the peoples of the north and east as
4469:
4162:
2779:
2592:
400:
Following Caesar’s victory over the Helvetii, most of the Gallic tribes congratulated him and sought to meet in a general assembly.
3767:
3755:
3371:
992:
962:
273:
197:
1186:
4327:
3849:
632:
and began to push the Romans backward, even though the latter jumped up on the shields of the enemy to thrust them downward.
542:, the gate where provisions were brought in, would have been. Ariovistus had Caesar under siege and hoped to starve him out.
77:
3983:
3425:
2762:
663:
Ariovistus may have escaped, but it is unlikely that he retained any position in the citizen-army of the Suebi. When the
4118:
3035:
565:
1149:
4416:
4168:
4111:
3998:
3792:
3750:
3364:
2235:
1500:
4322:
4291:
4275:
4003:
2806:
2681:
2286:
2255:
1640:
1106:
3450:
4479:
4352:
4265:
4204:
3867:
3725:
3708:
2767:
2602:
2567:
2230:
558:
to within 600 yards (550 m) of the German camp. Under guard of the first two lines, the third built another
372:
3701:
4270:
4199:
3405:
3107:
2541:
2517:
1843:
511:
3735:
3654:
3639:
3430:
3410:
977:
486:
on Roman policy. Ariovistus now took the tack of claiming the Aedui had attacked him rather than vice versa.
3740:
3344:
2818:
2466:
2012:
1731:
1550:
1440:
1136:
674:
Caesar was left a free hand on the left bank of the Rhine. He immediately went on to a campaign against the
298:
3745:
3516:
530:
Caesar claims the Germanic side did not attack in force because their wise women had pronounced from their
4447:
4380:
4131:
4097:
4060:
3785:
3617:
3286:
3205:
3168:
2240:
1530:
1525:
451:
as a guide, Caesar's troops marched 50 miles (80 km) in 7 days, arriving probably in the vicinity of
3730:
3457:
3435:
507:
By then, Caesar had to escape to his bodyguards, as the Germanic cavalry was beginning to hurl missiles.
3910:
3622:
3612:
3509:
3499:
3052:
2867:
2612:
2512:
1883:
1726:
1705:
694:
exchange for serving as a buffer against the Suebi. They did serve long and faithfully. The province of
389:
263:
233:
3960:
3837:
3644:
3420:
4421:
3950:
3930:
3842:
3602:
3504:
3494:
3195:
3067:
2801:
2451:
1848:
1771:
1580:
1505:
308:
278:
41:
4509:
3988:
3973:
3915:
3905:
3900:
3082:
2951:
2881:
2862:
2841:
2774:
2597:
2481:
2471:
2291:
2276:
2271:
2225:
2200:
1873:
1766:
1751:
1565:
1384:
1179:
268:
258:
253:
4225:
3968:
3940:
3920:
3890:
3885:
3583:
3415:
3248:
2979:
2872:
2836:
2757:
2712:
2607:
2433:
2324:
2281:
2210:
2017:
1792:
1560:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1445:
1302:
1258:
463:
at that time. Caesar says that he took a detour to stay in open country, most likely west of the
448:
401:
288:
243:
238:
736:
4370:
4220:
4079:
4025:
4015:
3827:
3596:
3588:
3578:
3484:
3112:
3087:
3077:
2813:
2786:
2667:
2522:
2507:
2502:
2461:
2456:
2361:
2250:
2205:
2195:
2187:
1858:
1812:
1802:
1648:
1475:
1455:
1414:
1153:
1115:
1092:
1082:
1062:
1044:
695:
629:
476:
293:
615:
4365:
4155:
4020:
3978:
3945:
3696:
3607:
3531:
3472:
3141:
3102:
3057:
3044:
2964:
2943:
2846:
2791:
2476:
2296:
2215:
2027:
1807:
1746:
1636:
1515:
1510:
1480:
1450:
1404:
1366:
1232:
754:
699:
353:
329:
303:
591:
a situation where they must be victorious or be annihilated with their women and children.
4426:
4184:
4030:
3993:
3713:
3551:
3489:
3477:
3467:
3184:
3122:
3062:
3025:
2997:
2959:
2924:
2904:
2687:
2677:
2662:
2549:
2356:
2220:
1983:
1838:
1797:
1787:
1631:
1570:
1490:
1485:
1470:
1465:
1378:
1032:
1003:
774:
1130:
4474:
4385:
4245:
4194:
4148:
4010:
3660:
3563:
3536:
3223:
3213:
3189:
3136:
3092:
3007:
2987:
2969:
2914:
2909:
2877:
2722:
2702:
2527:
2428:
2407:
2402:
2039:
1973:
1968:
1957:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1741:
1736:
1695:
1622:
1608:
1520:
1495:
1460:
1419:
1409:
1345:
1332:
1272:
1216:
1208:
1199:
1172:
1040:
515:
472:
441:
126:
4463:
3808:
3671:
3649:
3546:
3541:
3020:
2992:
2899:
2891:
2633:
2585:
2371:
2319:
2048:
1988:
1978:
1878:
1853:
1644:
574:
554:
518:. They found Ariovistus in the process of moving his army up and were put in chains.
345:
341:
181:
164:
143:
33:
4230:
3666:
3573:
3568:
3521:
3440:
3338:
3131:
2919:
2443:
2397:
2336:
2245:
2022:
2000:
1993:
1435:
1360:
1350:
1282:
653:
546:
46:
Battle between Caesar and Ariovistus (on the lower left) and location of the camps.
1627:
493:
The word rendered above as "uncivilized" (McDevitte & Bohn's translation) is
4406:
4189:
4125:
3877:
3832:
3629:
3558:
3445:
3253:
3238:
2639:
2558:
2366:
2351:
2341:
2314:
2140:
2093:
2005:
1908:
1756:
1679:
1594:
1373:
1277:
1111:
753:
Alex Schweizer, Allgemeine schweizerische Militärzeitung, 1903, 31. Januar 2021
702:. It is more likely that they integrated into the new Romano-Celtic population.
475:, who joked that they had been promoted to knights, which was the origin of the
456:
349:
221:
28:
4401:
4235:
4067:
3462:
3176:
3164:
2617:
2581:
2381:
2346:
2306:
1898:
1665:
1656:
683:
599:
531:
337:
148:
569:
two, but the tides of battle are never predictable, no matter what the odds.
92:
79:
4411:
4375:
4296:
2576:
1688:
1096:
1078:
1007:
607:
495:
437:
357:
1888:
1157:
4301:
4260:
4104:
3935:
3233:
2697:
2150:
2105:
2069:
2057:
1918:
1903:
1863:
1683:
1675:
1670:
1652:
1575:
1312:
1307:
1292:
1164:
668:
664:
657:
583:
535:
432:
421:
417:
376:
283:
3243:
3218:
3097:
3072:
2707:
2672:
2645:
2572:
2554:
2145:
2081:
1710:
1340:
1317:
1015:
1011:
611:
603:
595:
579:
560:
460:
452:
393:
388:
the Sequani rewarded Ariovistus with land following his victory at the
392:. Ariovistus settled the land with 120,000 of his people. When 24,000
3356:
3228:
3015:
2717:
2692:
2656:
2650:
2563:
2486:
2412:
2331:
1833:
1322:
1267:
675:
368:
71:
67:
682:, who were a strong force on the Danube until they encountered the
2117:
1923:
1868:
1761:
1355:
1297:
1287:
1245:
1195:
687:
624:
619:
464:
333:
131:
431:
Ariovistus, being a skilled general in his own right, identified
3777:
2376:
1913:
1893:
1828:
1661:
679:
425:
361:
3781:
3360:
3270:
3162:
2941:
2797:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
2743:
2175:
1955:
1606:
1243:
1168:
193:
189:
1069:, translated by S. A. Handford and revised by Jane F. Gardner
917:
915:
878:
876:
424:
and other Celtic tribes, and had disposed of the remaining
582:
conspicuously took personal charge of one legion, and the
827:
825:
800:
798:
594:
The Germans formed by ethnic group before the Romans:
160:
25,000–30,000 (6 legions with cavalry and auxiliaries)
2109:
947:
The Making of the Roman Army. From Republic to Empire
785:
783:
4394:
4345:
4310:
4284:
4253:
4244:
4213:
4177:
4140:
4089:
4052:
3959:
3876:
3858:
3815:
3680:
3394:
3204:
3175:
3121:
3043:
3034:
3006:
2978:
2950:
2890:
2855:
2829:
2750:
2626:
2540:
2495:
2442:
2421:
2390:
2305:
2264:
2186:
2133:
2047:
2038:
1821:
1780:
1719:
1615:
1428:
1397:
1331:
1252:
552:Leaving a light defense in camp Caesar advanced in
564:(camp) in which Caesar placed two legions and the
375:for a tactical punitive assault staged in western
367:Prior to the battle, Caesar and Ariovistus held a
348:. This encounter is the third major battle of the
534:that they should not engage in battle before the
420:, where he had just won a major victory over the
471:cavalry. Caesar brought mounted soldiers of the
21:
328:was fought on September 14, 58 BC between the
3793:
3372:
2073:
1180:
949:, University of Oklahoma Press, 1984, pp. 84.
416:Caesar was not far away, probably at or near
205:
8:
3756:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
2061:
490:maintaining with him and with the Sequani."
2121:
2085:
921:
894:
882:
843:
816:
4250:
3873:
3800:
3786:
3778:
3379:
3365:
3357:
3267:
3159:
3040:
2938:
2740:
2492:
2183:
2172:
2097:
2044:
2035:
1952:
1603:
1240:
1187:
1173:
1165:
1148:. Translated by Craufurd, Emma. New York:
718:DelbrĂĽck, Hans, 1980 Renfroe translation,
467:, through the lands of his Celtic allies.
212:
198:
190:
18:
4495:Battles involving early Germanic peoples
730:
728:
4044:Planned invasion of the Parthian Empire
3527:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
1037:Julius Caesar: Man, Soldier, and Tyrant
1018:are named, were probably in that space.
711:
933:
906:
867:
855:
831:
804:
789:
7:
4361:Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar
3635:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
14:
4163:Ut est rerum omnium magister usus
2593:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
16:Battle during Gallic Wars (58 BC)
4441:
4440:
3768:Military history of ancient Rome
3343:
1593:
735:Sporl, Gerhard (February 2013).
40:
3751:Civil wars of the Third Century
743:(Krieger und Kolnisten): 72–77.
1075:Caesar's Gallic wars, 58–50 BC
1:
4490:Military history of Grand Est
3312:Celtic place names in Galicia
436:meeting and then berated the
4318:Gaius Julius Caesar (father)
4119:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
1254:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
1104:Goldsworthy, Adrian (2007).
1073:Gilliver, Catherine (2003).
990:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
975:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
960:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
279:Ambiorix's revolt (54–53 BC)
4505:Military history of Germany
4500:Battles involving the Suebi
4112:Commentarii de Bello Civili
2236:Welsh literature in English
1333:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
4526:
4485:Battles of the Gallic Wars
2256:Scottish Gaelic literature
1641:Brigantia (ancient region)
1107:Caesar, Life of a Colossus
336:, under the leadership of
4435:
3764:
3709:Roman conquest of Britain
3334:
3277:
3266:
3158:
2937:
2739:
2603:Hebridean Celtic Festival
2231:Welsh-language literature
2182:
2171:
1964:
1951:
1602:
1591:
1239:
1206:
773:January 15, 2015, at the
229:
171:
154:
137:
120:
50:
39:
26:
4470:Battles of Julius Caesar
4200:Temple of Venus Genetrix
3036:Ancient Celtic languages
1129:Grant, Michael (1974) .
720:The Barbarian Invasions,
637:Publius Licinius Crassus
512:Gaius Valerius Procillus
324:also referred to as the
3406:Roman conquest of Italy
3307:Gaulish words in French
3292:Celtic words in English
1551:Scottish New Zealanders
1441:Anglo-Celtic Australian
1150:Charles Scribner’s Sons
1144:Walter, GĂ©rard (1952).
1137:Weidenfeld and Nicolson
4381:Julio-Claudian dynasty
4205:Caesar's Rhine bridges
4132:Poems by Julius Caesar
4098:Laudatio Iuliae amitae
4074:Constitutional reforms
4061:Lex Julia de maiestate
2241:Early Irish literature
2122:
2110:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2062:
1531:Scotch-Irish Canadians
1526:Scotch-Irish Americans
373:Caesar's Rhine bridges
138:Commanders and leaders
3823:Early life and career
3736:Domitian's Dacian War
3655:Liberators' civil war
2868:Scottish independence
2613:Celtic Media Festival
2496:National music scenes
1727:Proto-Celtic religion
1429:Related ethnic groups
1057:Gaius Julius Caesar:
390:Battle of Magetobriga
344:under the command of
172:Casualties and losses
4422:Marcus Junius Brutus
4333:Julia Minor (sister)
4328:Julia Major (sister)
3926:Invasions of Britain
3843:Crossing the Rubicon
3741:Trajan's Dacian Wars
3426:Roman–Hernician wars
3192:(Medieval Welsh law)
2802:Scottish nationalism
2452:Ancient Celtic music
1772:Romano-Celtic temple
1581:Welsh New Zealanders
1506:Irish New Zealanders
1059:The conquest of Gaul
870:, pp. 158, 161.
360:, seeking a home in
269:Octodurus (57–56 BC)
4261:Cossutia (disputed)
3640:Roman–Parthian Wars
3431:Roman–Volscian wars
3411:Roman–Etruscan Wars
2882:Irish republicanism
2863:Breton independence
2842:Scottish devolution
2775:Cornish nationalism
2598:Pan Celtic Festival
2472:Scottish folk music
2226:Scottish literature
1752:Celtic Christianity
1556:Scottish Travellers
1541:Scottish Argentines
1385:Scottish Travellers
1146:Caesar: A Biography
936:, pp. 163–165.
635:A cavalry officer,
346:Gaius Julius Caesar
309:Uxellodunum (51 BC)
234:Magetobriga (63 BC)
89: /
58:September 14, 58 BC
34:Roman–Germanic Wars
4302:Augustus (adopted)
4226:Chiaramonti Caesar
4004:Battle of the Nile
3860:Military campaigns
3838:Caesar's civil war
3746:Roman–Persian Wars
3645:Caesar's civil war
3517:Roman–Seleucid war
3416:Roman-Aequian wars
3388:Ancient Roman wars
2873:Welsh independence
2837:Cornish devolution
2758:Breton nationalism
2608:Celtic Connections
2211:Cornish literature
1561:Ulster Protestants
1546:Scottish Canadians
1536:Scottish Americans
1446:Anglo-Irish people
945:Keppie, Lawrence,
741:Spiegel Geschichte
326:Battle of Vesontio
274:Britain (55-54 BC)
4457:
4456:
4341:
4340:
4221:Tusculum portrait
4080:Dictator perpetuo
4039:
4038:
3931:Ambiorix's revolt
3828:First Triumvirate
3816:Major life events
3775:
3774:
3731:Jewish–Roman wars
3603:Sulla's civil war
3597:Bellum Octavianum
3485:Illyro-Roman Wars
3458:Roman–Gallic wars
3436:Roman–Sabine wars
3354:
3353:
3330:
3329:
3262:
3261:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3113:Cisalpine Gaulish
2933:
2932:
2819:national identity
2814:Welsh nationalism
2807:national identity
2787:Irish nationalism
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2668:Cornish wrestling
2536:
2535:
2457:Breton Folk music
2422:Regional cultures
2265:National cultures
2251:Gaelic literature
2206:Breton literature
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
1947:
1946:
1859:Chief of the Name
1732:Celtic polytheism
1649:Sub-Roman Britain
1589:
1588:
1476:Irish Australians
1456:Cornish Americans
1415:Scottish diaspora
1121:978-0-300-12689-1
1088:978-0-203-49484-4
1067:978-0-14-044433-9
1050:978-0-306-80422-9
737:"Duell im Elsass"
696:Germania Superior
317:
316:
299:Vingeanne (52 BC)
188:
187:
116:
115:
4517:
4480:50s BC conflicts
4444:
4443:
4366:Temple of Caesar
4323:Aurelia (mother)
4251:
4156:Veni, vidi, vici
3874:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3779:
3697:Marcomannic Wars
3608:Mithridatic Wars
3532:Celtiberian Wars
3421:Roman–Latin wars
3381:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3347:
3268:
3160:
3142:Galwegian Gaelic
3041:
2939:
2847:Welsh devolution
2741:
2493:
2482:Sean-nĂłs singing
2477:Welsh folk music
2467:Irish folk music
2434:Highland culture
2216:Irish literature
2196:Arthurian Legend
2184:
2173:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2045:
2036:
2013:Neo-Christianity
1953:
1884:Gaelic astrology
1844:Celtic festivals
1747:Celtic mythology
1720:Ancient religion
1637:Iron Age Britain
1604:
1597:
1576:Welsh Argentines
1516:Irish Uruguayans
1511:Irish Travellers
1481:Irish Brazilians
1471:Irish Argentines
1451:Breton Americans
1405:Cornish diaspora
1367:Irish Travellers
1241:
1233:Celtic languages
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1161:
1140:
1125:
1100:
1054:
1033:Fuller, J. F. C.
1019:
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971:
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922:Goldsworthy 2007
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817:Goldsworthy 2007
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767:De bello gallico
764:Caesar, Julius,
762:
756:
751:
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744:
732:
723:
716:
700:ethnic cleansing
578:formation. Each
540:Porta Quaestoria
322:Battle of Vosges
289:Gergovia (52 BC)
284:Avaricum (52 BC)
264:Atuatuci (57 BC)
244:Bibracte (58 BC)
224:
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93:47.75°N 7.3333°E
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4173:
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3994:Alexandrian war
3955:
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3806:
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3714:Boudican revolt
3683:
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3490:Macedonian Wars
3397:
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3326:
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3200:
3196:Early Scots law
3185:Early Irish law
3171:
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3123:Scottish Gaelic
3117:
3058:Proto-Brittonic
3030:
3026:Beurla Reagaird
3002:
2998:Scottish Gaelic
2974:
2946:
2929:
2925:Columba Project
2905:Celtic Congress
2886:
2851:
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2746:
2727:
2688:Gaelic handball
2678:Gaelic football
2663:Cornish hurling
2622:
2532:
2491:
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2403:Gaelic clothing
2386:
2301:
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2221:Manx literature
2178:
2155:
2134:Other claimants
2129:
2034:
1984:Celtic Congress
1960:
1943:
1839:Celtic calendar
1817:
1776:
1715:
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1491:Irish Catholics
1486:Irish Canadians
1466:Irish Americans
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1737:Celtic deities
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1041:Hachette Books
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911:
909:, p. 107.
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202:
194:
186:
185:
178:
174:
173:
169:
168:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
135:
134:
129:
127:Roman Republic
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
37:
36:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4522:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3850:Assassination
3848:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3809:Julius Caesar
3803:
3798:
3796:
3791:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3692:Germanic wars
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3672:War of Actium
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:War of Mutina
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:Sertorian War
3545:
3543:
3542:Numantine War
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3323:
3322:– in Portugal
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:– in Galician
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Celtic League
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2892:Pan-Celticism
2889:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2768:reunification
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2738:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2382:Triple spiral
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Bardic Poetry
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:Celtic League
2046:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Celtic League
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:Pan-Celticism
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Gaelicisation
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:Celticisation
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:Iron Age Gaul
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:Roman Britain
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:Irish Mexican
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:Celtic tribes
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1132:Julius Caesar
1127:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
985:
982:
979:
976:
970:
967:
964:
961:
955:
952:
948:
942:
939:
935:
930:
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
908:
903:
900:
896:
891:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
864:
861:
857:
852:
849:
845:
840:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
792:, p. 87.
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
769:
768:
761:
758:
755:
750:
747:
742:
738:
731:
729:
725:
721:
715:
712:
705:
703:
701:
697:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
646:
644:
640:
638:
633:
631:
627:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
588:
585:
581:
577:
576:
575:acies triplex
570:
567:
563:
562:
557:
556:
555:acies triplex
550:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
528:
521:
519:
517:
513:
508:
504:
502:
498:
497:
491:
487:
483:
482:
478:
477:10th legion's
474:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
411:
409:
405:
403:
398:
395:
391:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:Roman legions
339:
335:
332:tribe of the
331:
327:
323:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
259:Sabis (57 BC)
257:
255:
254:Axona (57 BC)
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
228:
223:
215:
210:
208:
203:
201:
196:
195:
192:
183:
179:
176:
175:
170:
166:
162:
159:
158:
153:
150:
147:
145:
144:Julius Caesar
142:
141:
136:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
119:
112:Roman victory
111:
108:
107:
102:
98:47.75; 7.3333
73:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
54:
53:
49:
43:
38:
35:
30:
25:
20:
4446:
4439:
4353:
4231:Green Caesar
4161:
4154:
4147:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4078:
4066:
4059:
3895:
3766:
3721:Armenian War
3684:Roman Empire
3667:Perusine War
3659:
3595:
3574:Servile Wars
3569:Cimbrian War
3522:Galatian War
3441:Samnite Wars
3339:Celts portal
3297:– in Spanish
3132:Arran Gaelic
3053:Proto-Celtic
3021:Bungi Creole
2920:Celtic unity
2856:Independence
2655:
2638:
2462:Gaelic music
2398:Celtic Dress
2347:High crosses
2337:Celtic cross
2315:Bell shrines
2246:Irish annals
2028:Neo-Druidism
2023:Celtic Wicca
1994:Celtic union
1958:Modern Celts
1849:Celtic women
1757:Celtic Rites
1706:Transylvania
1566:Ulster Scots
1436:Anglo-Celtic
1283:Celtiberians
1228:
1220:
1212:
1200:modern Celts
1145:
1131:
1105:
1077:. New York:
1074:
1058:
1036:
999:
989:
984:
974:
969:
959:
954:
946:
941:
929:
902:
890:
863:
851:
839:
812:
766:
760:
749:
740:
719:
714:
692:
673:
662:
654:Black Forest
650:
641:
634:
623:
593:
589:
573:
571:
559:
553:
551:
544:
539:
529:
525:
509:
505:
500:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
469:
446:
430:
415:
406:
399:
386:
366:
325:
321:
319:
248:
239:Arar (58 BC)
121:Belligerents
27:Part of the
4407:Mark Antony
4356:by Plutarch
4190:Curia Julia
4126:De analogia
4053:Legislation
3984:Dyrrhachium
3951:Uxellodunum
3878:Gallic Wars
3833:Gallic wars
3682:Wars of the
3630:Gallic Wars
3559:Achaean War
3446:Pyrrhic War
3396:Wars of the
3254:Trimarcisia
3239:GallĂłglaigh
3068:Celtiberian
2792:Isle of Man
2751:Nationalism
2640:Bataireacht
2559:Calan Gaeaf
2518:Isle of Man
2362:Leaf-crowns
2352:Insular art
2325:Dragonesque
2287:Isle of Man
2141:Nova Scotia
2094:Isle of Man
2018:Neopaganism
1767:Monasticism
1278:Caledonians
1112:Orion Books
934:Walter 1952
907:Fuller 1965
868:Walter 1952
856:Walter 1952
832:Fuller 1965
805:Walter 1952
566:auxiliaries
532:divinations
473:10th legion
442:10th legion
350:Gallic Wars
222:Gallic Wars
96: /
29:Gallic Wars
4510:Marcomanni
4464:Categories
4402:Julia gens
4236:Arles bust
4169:Last words
4068:Lex Roscia
3974:Brundisium
3702:Gothic War
3463:Punic Wars
3451:Social War
3317:– in Italy
3219:Ceathairne
3083:Gallaecian
2713:Road bowls
2618:Eisteddfod
2586:Calan Awst
2582:Lughnasadh
2188:Literature
2051:definition
1874:Clan chief
1666:Roman Gaul
1657:Hen Ogledd
1383:including
1365:including
1135:. London:
1110:. London:
1039:. London:
1026:References
790:Grant 1974
684:Marcomanni
600:Marcomanni
481:Equestris.
449:Diviciacus
438:centurions
402:Diviciacus
383:Background
340:, and six
338:Ariovistus
149:Ariovistus
81:47°45′00″N
4412:Cleopatra
4376:Caesarism
4297:Caesarion
4276:Calpurnia
4214:Portraits
4178:Buildings
3989:Pharsalus
3969:Corfinium
3961:Civil War
3916:Octodurus
3249:Redshanks
3224:Ceithearn
2952:Brittonic
2944:Languages
2577:Calan Mai
2568:Gŵyl Fair
2542:Festivals
2357:Interlace
1781:Mythology
1689:Gallaecia
1303:Galatians
1079:Routledge
1008:Vangiones
647:Aftermath
608:Vangiones
479:nickname
358:the Rhine
184:'s claim)
167:'s claim)
163:120,000 (
84:7°20′00″E
4448:Category
4417:Servilia
4285:Children
4266:Cornelia
4105:Anticato
3941:Gergovia
3936:Avaricum
3921:Morbihan
3911:Atuatuci
3891:Bibracte
3868:Mytilene
3234:Gaesatae
3125:dialects
3088:Lepontic
3078:Galatian
2980:Goidelic
2830:Autonomy
2745:Politics
2698:Rounders
2550:Calendar
2523:Scotland
2508:Cornwall
2503:Brittany
2391:Clothing
2342:Knotwork
2320:Brooches
2292:Scotland
2277:Cornwall
2272:Brittany
2151:Y Wladfa
2106:Scotland
2070:Cornwall
2058:Brittany
1909:SeanchaĂ
1904:Tanistry
1864:Derbfine
1793:Scottish
1684:Brittany
1680:Domnonée
1676:Armorica
1671:Britonia
1653:Dumnonia
1628:Dálriata
1313:Lepontii
1308:Helvetii
1293:Gallaeci
1097:57577646
1035:(1965).
988:Caesar,
973:Caesar,
958:Caesar,
771:Archived
669:Tencteri
665:Usipetes
658:Alamanni
584:quaestor
536:new moon
496:barbarus
457:Besançon
433:Vesontio
422:Helvetii
418:Bibracte
377:Germania
356:crossed
330:Germanic
180:80,000 (
155:Strength
63:Location
4395:Related
4271:Pompeia
4026:Thapsus
4021:Corduba
4016:Ruspina
3287:Deities
3244:Hobelar
3206:Warfare
3169:Warfare
3103:Pictish
3098:Cumbric
3073:Gaulish
3045:Extinct
2965:Cornish
2763:history
2708:Hurling
2682:Ladies'
2673:Curling
2646:Camogie
2573:Beltane
2555:Samhain
2513:Ireland
2282:Ireland
2177:Culture
2146:England
2082:Ireland
2040:Nations
1939:Coinage
1929:Warfare
1822:Society
1813:Cornish
1803:British
1711:Galatia
1701:Balkans
1609:Studies
1346:Cornish
1341:Bretons
1318:Noricum
1273:Britons
1246:Peoples
1016:Bohemia
1012:Bavaria
630:phalanx
616:Sedusii
612:Nemetes
604:Triboci
596:Harudes
580:tribune
547:our sea
501:barbari
461:Belfort
453:Belfort
412:Prelude
394:Harudes
177:Unknown
4346:Legacy
4246:Family
4141:Quotes
3979:Ilerda
3946:Alesia
3896:Vosges
3618:Second
3584:Second
3510:Fourth
3500:Second
3473:Second
3282:Tribes
3229:Fianna
3016:Shelta
2960:Breton
2780:status
2718:Shinty
2693:Gouren
2657:Cnapan
2651:Cammag
2564:Imbolc
2487:Carnyx
2413:Tartan
2332:Carnyx
2099:Mannin
2075:Kernow
2063:Breizh
1933:Gaelic
1889:Fáinne
1834:Brehon
1808:Breton
1762:Druids
1616:Places
1323:Volcae
1268:Belgae
1229:·
1227:
1221:·
1219:
1213:·
1211:
1158:657705
1156:
1118:
1095:
1085:
1065:
1047:
978:4.1–19
676:Belgae
561:castra
522:Battle
369:parley
182:Caesar
165:Caesar
109:Result
72:France
68:Alsace
4475:58 BC
4311:Other
4292:Julia
4254:Wives
4090:Works
4031:Munda
3999:Siege
3906:Sabis
3901:Axona
3623:Third
3613:First
3589:Third
3579:First
3505:Third
3495:First
3478:Third
3468:First
3272:Lists
3093:Noric
3008:Mixed
2988:Irish
2970:Welsh
2634:Bando
2627:Sport
2528:Wales
2444:Music
2377:Torcs
2367:Mazes
2297:Wales
2123:Cymru
2118:Wales
2001:Music
1924:Vates
1919:TĂşath
1869:Druid
1798:Welsh
1788:Irish
1379:Scots
1361:Irish
1356:Gaels
1351:Welsh
1298:Gauls
1288:Gaels
1259:Names
1231:
1223:
1215:
1196:Celts
1004:Pliny
722:p. 46
706:Notes
688:Quadi
620:Suebi
465:Doubs
334:Suebi
132:Suebi
4011:Zela
3886:Arar
3167:and
2993:Manx
2880:and
2111:Alba
2087:Éire
2006:Rock
1914:Sept
1894:Fili
1829:Bard
1632:Alba
1374:Manx
1198:and
1154:OCLC
1116:ISBN
1093:OCLC
1083:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1014:and
993:5.29
963:1.44
686:and
680:Boii
667:and
625:pila
618:and
514:and
459:and
426:Boii
362:Gaul
320:The
55:Date
32:and
3177:Law
3165:Law
2307:Art
1899:Law
4466::
1682:/
1678:/
1664:/
1655:/
1651:/
1647:/
1643:/
1639:/
1630:/
1152:.
1114:.
1091:.
1081:.
1061:,
1043:.
914:^
875:^
824:^
797:^
782:^
739:.
727:^
660:.
614:,
610:,
606:,
602:,
598:,
379:.
364:.
352:.
70:,
3801:e
3794:t
3787:v
3380:e
3373:t
3366:v
2684:)
2680:(
2584:/
2575:/
2566:/
2557:/
2126:)
2120:(
2114:)
2108:(
2102:)
2096:(
2090:)
2084:(
2078:)
2072:(
2066:)
2060:(
1935:)
1931:(
1261:)
1257:(
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
1160:.
1139:.
1124:.
1099:.
1053:.
213:e
206:t
199:v
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