256:
171:
245:
186:
54:
233:
222:
211:
154:
124:
139:
610:. Younghusband's column made contact with the Ottomans on the morning of 6 January, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) east of Sheikh Sa'ad. British efforts to defeat the Ottomans were unsuccessful. British casualties were heavy amounting to 4,202, including 133 officers. Following this, the Ottoman forces voluntarily abandoned their position on 9 January for an unknown reason, and retired 10 miles (16 km) upstream to the Wadi.
717:
684:
Lacking proper maps, the leading
British column became lost. Seizing the opportunity, the Ottoman units began to wheel around from a north–south orientation to an east–west, to face the British flanking manoeuvre. The resulting frontal attack by the 28th Brigade was repulsed with heavy casualties.
532:
from Sheikh Sa'ad. The attack is generally considered as a failure, as although Aylmer managed to capture the Wadi, it cost him 1,600 men. The
British failure led to Townshend's surrender, along with 10,000 of his men, in the largest single surrender of British troops up to that time. However, the
699:
By this time, Aylmer's troops had gained control of the Wadi, but it was a small advance that was unworthy of the 1,600 men killed or wounded (including 40 British officers) in the attack and did little to bring relief closer to
Townshend's beleaguered forces at
1194:
1174:
669:
across the river—quickly lost the intended element of surprise, as the outnumbered
British forces on both sides of enemy lines struggled to assert themselves against a robust Ottoman defense.
1199:
692:
was still strongly held by the entrenched
Ottoman troops. Aylmer called off the attack by the end of the day and ferried most of his remaining troops to the right bank of the
317:
688:
By dusk, it became clear that the attempt had failed. British troops, attempting to manoeuvre around the
Ottoman flanks, failed to reach the river, and the mouth of the
1179:
626:. Their progress was hampered by the region's typical shortage of available roads and supply routes. Aylmer planned to outflank the Wadi position, capture the
1189:
1184:
232:
221:
210:
159:
646:
moved around the flank. However, the
British troops were hampered by having no accurate maps of the area, so much of the planning was left to chance.
915:
310:
1146:
1087:
816:
746:
was an important
Ottoman victory, greatly raising the morale of Ottoman soldiers and prestige for the Ottoman Army in the Middle East. The
665:
The attack, which began in the early afternoon of 13 January—postponed from the morning because of a persistent mist and a slow advance by
961:
303:
984:
677:, with the bulk of the British force, attempted a wide turning movement. The delay seriously affected the chances of success, as
761:
sixteen days later on 11 March 1917. The humiliation the
British faced due to the loss of Kut had been partially rectified. The
731:
The
British continued to attempt to break through the Ottoman lines over the coming months in order to rescue their brethren in
736:
568:
491:
742:
Through mistreatment and neglect leading to starvation, nearly 5,000 British prisoners died before the end of the war. The
1209:
720:
556:
249:
704:. The provision of adequate medical capacity and supplies had not improved significantly since the appalling debacle at
576:
509:
498:
1019:
739:
finally submitted, along with 10,000 of his men, in the largest single surrender of British troops up to that time.
482:, occurring on 13 January 1916, was an unsuccessful attempt by British forces fighting in Mesopotamia (present-day
381:
371:
396:
1204:
451:
446:
366:
53:
1109:
603:
87:
461:
386:
758:
534:
436:
426:
416:
346:
919:
635:
572:
456:
327:
41:
580:
421:
781:
674:
653:, set up new and firmer defensive positions—with some 20,000 troops—along the banks of the smaller
631:
599:
595:
441:
226:
888:
681:
and artillery fire from the alerted Ottoman forces began to halt the British infantry movements.
654:
517:
1142:
1083:
957:
953:
947:
812:
770:
466:
431:
411:
376:
356:
1158:
When God Made Hell: The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921
17:
618:
Aylmer's troops were exhausted and demoralized as they continued to make their way up the
406:
361:
351:
882:
833:
785:
735:, all of which were unsuccessful. In April 1916, after nearly five months under siege,
724:
670:
639:
495:
255:
237:
176:
129:
988:
708:, so again many casualties suffered without treatment or evacuation for several days.
1168:
747:
584:
513:
244:
215:
191:
777:
743:
705:
689:
643:
627:
591:
560:
546:
529:
525:
502:
391:
79:
852:
751:
487:
341:
144:
91:
45:
678:
1112:. 'The War Illustrated' – 'a Pictorial Record of the Conflict of the Nations'
716:
666:
650:
552:
260:
516:
launched an attack against Ottoman defensive positions on the banks of the
1023:
762:
769:
and try to build up a new army to prevent the British from moving on to
295:
564:
594:) came on 6 January 1916. Aylmer's advance force, under Major-General
766:
693:
619:
607:
715:
642:
would attack the Wadi trenches frontally, while the rest of the
524:
was a steep valley of a stream that ran from the north into the
521:
483:
95:
83:
559:, surrounded an Anglo-Indian force of 25,000 men and began the
299:
1139:
The First Iraq War, 1914-1918: Britain's Mesopotamian Campaign
809:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
757:
The British captured Kut in February 1917 on their way to the
732:
701:
623:
657:, through which the British would have to pass to reach Kut.
533:
British recaptured Kut in February 1917, on their way to the
649:
Meanwhile, the Ottoman army, under new regional commander
750:
on the other hand was forced to pour more resources into
551:
On 5 December 1915, Ottoman forces under the command of
1195:
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
1175:
Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
803:
801:
1078:Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005).
34:
1200:Battles of World War I involving British India
723:– the victorious German commander leading the
528:, some 6 miles (9.7 km) upstream towards
508:Pushed by regional British Commander-in-Chief
765:was forced to end its military operations in
311:
58:A 1924 British map showing action at the Wadi
8:
583:of 19,000 men under Lieutenant General Sir
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
318:
304:
296:
52:
31:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
941:
939:
937:
916:"Battle of Wadi this day in history 1916"
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
876:
874:
872:
870:
1103:
1101:
1099:
979:
977:
975:
973:
827:
825:
567:. Replying to pleas for help from Major
563:, a city 50 miles (80 km) south of
490:to relieve beleaguered forces under Sir
949:The First World War: A complete history
853:"Battles: The Battle of the Wadi, 1916"
847:
845:
797:
290:527 casualties unknown, estimated minor
590:The first attempt to relieve Kut (the
537:sixteen days later on 11 March 1917.
7:
1180:Battles of the Mesopotamian campaign
630:and surround the Ottoman force. The
1190:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
1185:Sieges involving the United Kingdom
587:to relieve the besieged garrison.
25:
1108:Fraser, Lovat (12 January 1918).
1056:Esposito, Vincent Joseph (1964).
1058:A Concise History of World War I
832:Barber, Major Charles H (1917).
254:
243:
231:
220:
209:
184:
169:
152:
137:
122:
1022:. 1914-1918.net. Archived from
788:for his actions at the battle.
952:. Henry Holt and Co. pp.
673:made a frontal advance, while
1:
918:. history.com. Archived from
887:. Baghdad: Cassell. pp.
721:Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz
1156:Townshend, Charles (2011).
835:Besieged in Kut – and After
614:Preparations for the battle
18:Battle of Wadi (WWI battle)
1226:
1141:. New York: Enigma Books.
1082:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1661.
987:. 19141918. Archived from
544:
82:, 3.5 miles (5.6 km)
1080:World War I: Encyclopedia
555:and the German commander
337:
279:
266:
202:
114:
62:
51:
39:
985:"Nixons Second Dispatch"
946:Gilbert, Martin (2004).
884:The Long Road to Baghdad
881:Candler, Edmund (1919).
638:under Brigadier General
606:along both banks of the
494:then under siege by the
1060:. Praeger. p. 414.
1137:Barker, A. J. (2009).
1110:"What happened at Kut"
728:
592:Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad
285:1,600 dead or wounded,
203:Commanders and leaders
1020:"The long long trail"
719:
636:7th (Meerut) Division
598:, moved forward from
561:Siege of Kut-Al Amara
329:Mesopotamian campaign
280:Casualties and losses
195:(military commanders)
42:Mesopotamian campaign
1210:1916 in Ottoman Iraq
1160:. Faber & Faber.
807:Edward J. Erickson,
581:British Tigris Corps
573:Mesopotamian Theatre
250:Colmar von der Goltz
811:, Routledge, 2007,
782:9th Bhopal Infantry
632:28th Indian Brigade
596:George Younghusband
557:Baron von der Goltz
227:George Younghusband
855:. 27 February 2002
763:Ottoman government
759:capture of Baghdad
748:British government
729:
535:capture of Baghdad
1148:978-1-929631-86-5
1089:978-1-85109-420-2
1026:on 11 August 2007
817:978-0-415-77099-6
569:Charles Townshend
492:Charles Townshend
475:
474:
432:Samarra offensive
294:
293:
287:numerous captured
110:
109:
16:(Redirected from
1217:
1161:
1152:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1105:
1094:
1093:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1016:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
981:
968:
967:
943:
932:
931:
929:
927:
912:
893:
892:
878:
865:
864:
862:
860:
849:
840:
839:
829:
820:
805:
784:was awarded the
771:capture of Mosul
332:
330:
320:
313:
306:
297:
259:
258:
248:
247:
236:
235:
225:
224:
214:
213:
196:
190:
188:
187:
175:
173:
172:
162:
158:
156:
155:
147:
143:
141:
140:
128:
126:
125:
64:
63:
56:
32:
21:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1205:Battles in 1916
1165:
1164:
1155:
1149:
1136:
1133:
1131:Further reading
1126:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1065:
1055:
1054:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1004:
994:
992:
983:
982:
971:
964:
945:
944:
935:
925:
923:
922:on 6 March 2009
914:
913:
896:
880:
879:
868:
858:
856:
851:
850:
843:
831:
830:
823:
806:
799:
794:
714:
663:
616:
579:dispatched the
549:
543:
476:
471:
333:
328:
326:
324:
286:
253:
252:
242:
230:
229:
219:
218:
208:
194:
185:
183:
179:
170:
168:
153:
151:
150:
138:
136:
135:
123:
121:
106:Ottoman victory
98:
70:13 January 1916
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1095:
1088:
1063:
1037:
1002:
991:on 31 May 2008
969:
962:
933:
894:
866:
841:
821:
796:
795:
793:
790:
786:Victoria Cross
713:
710:
662:
661:Battle of Wadi
659:
640:George Kemball
615:
612:
575:commander Sir
545:Main article:
542:
539:
510:Sir John Nixon
480:Battle of Wadi
473:
472:
470:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
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429:
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419:
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308:
300:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
264:
263:
240:
238:George Kemball
205:
204:
200:
199:
198:
197:
177:Ottoman Empire
165:
164:
163:
160:United Kingdom
148:
130:British Empire
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
94:, present-day
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:
60:
59:
49:
48:
37:
36:
35:Battle of Wadi
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
990:
986:
980:
978:
976:
974:
970:
965:
963:0-8050-7617-4
959:
955:
951:
950:
942:
940:
938:
934:
921:
917:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
895:
890:
886:
885:
877:
875:
873:
871:
867:
854:
848:
846:
842:
837:
836:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
804:
802:
798:
791:
789:
787:
783:
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774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
726:
722:
718:
711:
709:
707:
703:
697:
695:
691:
686:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
660:
658:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
611:
609:
605:
601:
600:Ali Al-Gharbi
597:
593:
588:
586:
585:Fenton Aylmer
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
548:
540:
538:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Fenton Aylmer
511:
506:
504:
500:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
468:
465:
463:
462:Khan Baghdadi
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
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418:
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340:
339:
336:
331:
321:
316:
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309:
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301:
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289:
284:
283:
278:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
257:
251:
246:
241:
239:
234:
228:
223:
217:
216:Fenton Aylmer
212:
207:
206:
201:
193:
192:German Empire
182:
181:
180:
178:
166:
161:
149:
146:
134:
133:
132:
131:
119:
118:
113:
105:
102:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1157:
1138:
1127:
1116:17 September
1114:. Retrieved
1079:
1057:
1030:15 September
1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
995:17 September
993:. Retrieved
989:the original
948:
926:15 September
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
883:
859:15 September
857:. Retrieved
838:. Blackwood.
834:
808:
778:Chatta Singh
775:
756:
744:Siege of Kut
741:
730:
706:Sheikh Sa'ad
698:
690:Hanna Defile
687:
683:
675:Younghusband
664:
648:
644:Tigris Corps
628:Hanna Defile
617:
604:Sheikh Sa'ad
589:
550:
547:Siege of Kut
530:Kut-al-Amara
526:River Tigris
507:
503:Kut-al-Amara
479:
477:
437:Jebel Hamlin
401:
397:Sheikh Sa'ad
387:Umm at Tubal
167:
120:
115:Belligerents
88:Sheikh Sa'ad
80:Hanna defile
40:Part of the
29:
752:Mesopotamia
651:Halil Pasha
488:World War I
342:Fao Landing
261:Halil Pasha
92:Mesopotamia
46:World War I
1169:Categories
792:References
679:small-arms
655:Wadi River
577:John Nixon
541:Background
518:Wadi River
512:, General
499:Sixth Army
452:2nd Ramadi
447:1st Ramadi
27:1916 siege
737:Townshend
712:Aftermath
667:artillery
553:Halil Kut
486:) during
442:Istabulat
382:Ctesiphon
372:Nasiriyah
819:, p. 93.
602:towards
267:Strength
75:Location
780:of the
725:Ottoman
671:Kemball
634:of the
622:toward
565:Baghdad
496:Ottoman
467:Sharqat
427:Baghdad
422:2nd Kut
412:Dujaila
392:1st Kut
377:Es Sinn
367:Karbala
1145:
1086:
960:
815:
776:Sepoy
767:Persia
727:troops
694:Tigris
620:Tigris
608:Tigris
520:. The
357:Shaiba
275:20,000
272:19,000
189:
174:
157:
142:
127:
103:Result
457:Najaf
417:Hilla
407:Hanna
362:Amara
352:Qurna
347:Basra
145:India
1143:ISBN
1118:2008
1084:ISBN
1032:2008
997:2008
958:ISBN
928:2008
861:2008
813:ISBN
522:Wadi
484:Iraq
478:The
402:Wadi
96:Iraq
84:east
67:Date
954:688
889:311
733:Kut
702:Kut
624:Kut
501:at
86:of
44:of
1171::
1098:^
1066:^
1040:^
1005:^
972:^
956:.
936:^
897:^
869:^
844:^
824:^
800:^
773:.
754:.
696:.
571:,
505:.
90:,
1151:.
1120:.
1092:.
1034:.
999:.
966:.
930:.
891:.
863:.
319:e
312:t
305:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
