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In this game, two players stand in a circle. The defender stands in the center in a defensive position, with inward-rotated legs to protect his genitals and root himself. The attacker, often after feinting, made one decisive attempt to knock down the defender with his hips, upper legs, or feet. If
168:
Many zungu houses in 19th century Rio often organized communal dances or batuques, where
Africans organized themselves into distinct groups or nations to perform together. In the Rio suburbs, these dances drew up to two thousand Africans who danced in separate circles based on their nations. These
208:
In spite of all this, however, they take place. At the risk of being cruelly beaten, the
Negroes go on at night, when the whites are asleep, to dance on the beach in the moonlight. They assemble in groups of the same nationality, either Congo or Mozambique, or Minas; then, in dancing they forget
60:, or drumming ceremonies were an important cultural activity among the African population. These performance circles were a regular occurrence on Sunday evenings and holidays, drawing large crowds of enslaved Africans. Laws introduced in
316:
Batuque was a combat game of predominantly
Angolan origins. In the 1930s the Angolans in Brazil were the champions in batuque, with one of the most renowned practitioners being Angolinha (little Angola).
71:
Africans devised tactics to safeguard the batuques. They would scatter when the police approached and reconvene elsewhere to resume. In some cases, they responded to police repression with violence.
473:
287:
the defender fell, a new player took their place; if not, they became the attacker, and the game continued. A range of techniques was used in batuque to unbalance the opponent:
192:
intensifying or slowing down the rhythm. Further on, I see another wild dance, with provocative eyes, swaying waists, and agile thighs. This captivating undulation is known as
188:
is a type of war dance, accompanied by the powerful, militant rhythm of the Congo drum. Then there is the
Batuque with its sensual movements, with the
141:, indecently dancing to pagan songs, speaking various languages, and all with such frightful and discordant clamor as to cause fear and astonishment.
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Spix and
Martius' reported that by the end of the colonial period, not only improvised songs but also the emerging Brazilian
133:
It does not seem very prudent, politically speaking, to tolerate crowds of negroes of both sexes performing their barbarous
200:
The practice of these dances continued throughout the 19th century. Adèle
Toussaint-Samson, a Parisian in Brazil, wrote in
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spirits who "inhabit the tangible world" and mostly come from Brazil, although there are foreigners in their rank). "
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Umbanda and
Batuque in the Southern Cone: Transnationalization as Cross-Border Religious Flow and as Social Field
68:. Despite the police repression, the batuques persisted covertly at the town's outskirts or along the shoreline.
1250:
169:
nations had distinct dances, but they came together for common dances, including batuque, lundu, and capoeira.
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their ills and servitude, and only remember their native country and the time that they were free.
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in the early part of the twentieth century by
African slaves, but now extinct. A similar game,
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There are efforts to resurrect
Batuque (and leg wrestling in general) as a modern sport.
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1330:
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537:
Fighting for Honor: The
History of African Martial Art Traditions in the Atlantic World
280:
83:
125:, Luís dos Santos Vilhena, a teacher in Salvador, complained on the slaves performing
1428:
1300:
575:, Religions of the World, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 164–170,
516:
The Hidden History of Capoeira: A Collision of Cultures in the Brazilian Battle Dance
235:
193:
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337:
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47:
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Batuque was a common dance among Africans in Brazil during the 19th century. In
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gatherings, there were specific groups dedicated to a combat game known as
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Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé
16:
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through the city streets and squares to the beat of many horrible
102:
43:
39:
15:
764:
Capoeira: The Jogo de Angola from Luanda to Cyberspace, Volumen 2
260:
201:
173:
122:
61:
964:
873:
Pinn, Anthony B.; Finley, Stephen C.; Alexander, Torin (2009).
113:, batuque became the general term for Afro-Brazilian religion.
180:
visiting Brazil described the Afro-Brazilian dances he saw:
960:
773:
771:
567:
Neto, Edgar Rodrigues Barbosa (2019), Gooren, Henri (ed.),
633:
631:
629:
101:
In Bahia, the batuque dance evolved into various forms of
813:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
662:
660:
658:
938:
Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals
475:
Capoeira: The History of an Afro-Brazilian Martial Art
336:, incorporated numerous batuque techniques. Moreover,
105:, while the combat game was gradually absorbed by the
1344:
1291:
1199:
1078:
1036:
998:
936:Salamone, Frank A. (2004). Levinson, David (ed.).
513:
539:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
457:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
902:"Ceremonial Drinking in an Afro-Brazilian Cult"
747:
711:
699:
407:, who are mostly thought to come in two types:
348:and one of the last ones to preserve this art.
206:
182:
131:
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8:
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969:
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34:(drumming) was a general term for various
777:
735:
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38:practices in the 19th century, including
800:
687:
666:
573:Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions
358:introduced by Bimba came from batuque.
758:
756:
620:
559:
495:Capoeira: Roots of the Dance-Fight-Game
320:Many capoeiras also practiced batuque.
827:What Is Candomblé? Beliefs and History
931:
929:
927:
340:'s father was a champion of batuque.
223:were already being sung at batuques.
7:
313:, tambourine, scraper, and singing.
876:African American Religious Cultures
838:Frigerio, Alejandro (2013-01-01).
472:Assunção, Matthias Röhrig (2002).
453:Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002).
14:
1409:
1408:
535:Desch-Obi, M. Thomas J. (2008).
309:wrote that it was played to the
879:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 104–107.
512:Talmon-Chvaicer, Maya (2008).
1:
1450:African diaspora martial arts
581:10.1007/978-3-319-27078-4_537
520:. University of Texas Press.
403:includes spirits rather than
64:allowed police to shut down
384:Batuque is an old name for
1466:
427:are...integral to Batuque
373:
1406:
850:10.1163/9789004246034_008
493:Capoeira, Nestor (2002).
176:, the French journalist
27:, between 1822 and 1825.
906:American Anthropologist
393:Afro-Brazilian religion
1445:Afro-Brazilian culture
900:Leacock, Seth (1964).
395:, practiced mainly in
283:about the same time.
264:
242:
217:
214:Adèle Toussaint-Samson
198:
165:
143:
28:
25:Johann Moritz Rugendas
391:Today, batuque is an
332:, the founder of the
271:-like game played in
248:
234:
148:
109:. In the province of
19:
1393:Knocking and kicking
1246:Meia lua de compasso
790:Mestres & Famous
748:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008
712:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008
700:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008
497:. Blue Snake Books.
150:Batuque in São Paulo
1440:History of capoeira
352:believes that many
1352:In popular culture
1258:Meia lua de frente
380:Batuque (religion)
362:Batuque in present
265:
243:
178:Charles Ribeyrolls
166:
29:
1422:
1421:
1123:Camafeu de Oxóssi
886:978-1-57607-470-1
859:978-90-04-24603-4
590:978-3-319-27078-4
546:978-1-57003-718-4
527:978-0-292-71723-7
504:978-1-58394-637-4
485:978-0-7146-8086-6
421:Spirit possession
342:Mestre Tiburcinho
326:Anibal Burlamaqui
279:, was popular in
257:Alexis de Gabriac
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324:innovators like
227:As a combat game
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1336:Capoeira Brasil
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1236:Chapa de costas
1231:Chapa de frente
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803:, pp. 196.
799:
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780:, pp. 186.
776:
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762:Gerard Taylor,
761:
754:
746:
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738:, pp. 155.
734:
730:
726:, pp. 153.
722:
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698:
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673:
665:
656:
652:, pp. 185.
648:
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640:, pp. 167.
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417:anthropomorphic
409:Catholic saints
382:
374:Main articles:
372:
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350:Nestor Capoeira
307:Edison Carneiro
229:
216:
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160: and
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12:
11:
5:
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1435:Sport in Bahia
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944:. p. 19.
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912:(2): 344–354.
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782:
778:Desch-Obi 2008
767:
752:
750:, pp. 12.
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736:Desch-Obi 2008
728:
724:Desch-Obi 2008
716:
714:, pp. 35.
704:
692:
690:, pp. 66.
671:
669:, pp. 41.
654:
650:Desch-Obi 2008
642:
638:Desch-Obi 2008
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609:Desch-Obi 2008
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399:. The Batuque
371:
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334:regional style
281:Rio de Janeiro
267:Batuque was a
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118:
115:
36:Afro-Brazilian
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951:0-415-94180-6
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801:Capoeira 2002
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702:, pp. 8.
701:
696:
693:
689:
688:Assunção 2002
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668:
667:Assunção 2002
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623:, p. 74.
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481:
478:. Routledge.
477:
476:
470:
466:
464:9780195150582
460:
456:
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406:
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381:
377:
370:As a religion
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252:Nueva Granada
247:
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236:Harro Harring
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18:
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1370:
1363:
1356:
1186:Pé de Chumbo
1171:Jelon Vieira
1133:João Pequeno
1062:
1045:
1028:Contemporary
940:. New York:
937:
909:
905:
895:
875:
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840:
833:
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808:
796:
785:
763:
743:
731:
719:
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695:
645:
621:Johnson 2002
616:
604:
594:, retrieved
572:
562:
536:
515:
494:
474:
454:
412:
390:
383:
365:
353:
345:
338:Mestre Bimba
330:Mestre Bimba
319:
315:
305:
301:encruzilhada
300:
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57:
56:
31:
30:
20:
1294:foundations
1176:Cobra Mansa
1151:João Grande
1138:Canjiquinha
328:in Rio and
250:Batuque in
240:Negro dance
92:batuque-boi
74:Within the
48:combat game
1429:Categories
1292:Groups and
1201:Techniques
1191:Amen Santo
1146:Leopoldina
1142:Gato Preto
1098:Sinhozinho
596:2023-10-13
555:References
447:Literature
425:mediumship
413:encantados
388:religion.
346:batuqueiro
344:was a big
297:banda lisa
117:As a dance
111:Rio Grande
1224:Aú batido
942:Routledge
918:0002-7294
844:. Brill.
814:"batuque"
569:"Batuque"
386:Candomblé
376:Candomblé
355:rasteiras
269:wrestling
154:Nachtmann
139:atabaques
1415:Category
1388:Maculelê
1372:Batizado
1345:See also
1331:Candeias
1283:Headbutt
1278:Rasteira
1268:Queixada
1251:Scorpion
1214:Negativa
1161:Acordeon
1156:Suassuna
1128:Waldemar
1088:Pastinha
1058:Berimbau
1053:Atabaque
1023:Regional
992:Capoeira
441:Capoeira
435:See also
401:pantheon
322:Capoeira
311:berimbau
221:modinhas
212:—
190:Urucungo
186:Capoeira
135:batuques
127:batuques
107:capoeira
96:Salvador
76:batuques
66:batuques
58:Batuques
52:religion
1378:Batuque
1301:Senzala
1273:Martelo
1113:Noronha
1093:Besouro
1080:Mestres
1047:Bateria
1018:Carioca
1000:History
429:worship
277:pernada
164:, 1820s
162:Martius
156:,
88:batuque
80:pernada
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