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354:, though this title meant more in theory than in practice, Provence being legally a fief of the Burgundian kingdom. Raymond begged for his sovereign's recognition of the rights of Stephanie as heir to the possessions of Gerberga. By an act of 4 August 1145, Conrad validated the right of Stephanie and Raymond to their titles and granted them the power of coining money at Arles and at
340:. . . les préparatifs de guerre que faisaient sourdement les Seigneurs des Baux, contre la Maison de Barcelone à la mort de Raymond-Berenger premier et peut-être quelque temps auparavant, durent décider les Arlésiens à ce grand changement, et engager l’Archevêque à s’y prêter. Les circonstances exigeaient qu’on donnât à la Ville des Chefs capables de porter les armes au besoin.
342:. . . the preparations which the lords of Baux duly made, against the house of Barcelona upon the death of Ramon Berenguer the first and perhaps some time before, forced the men of Arles to decide on a great change, and they urged the archbishop to take it up. The circumstances demanded that one give to the city leaders capable of carrying arms as needed.
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second lasted a short while (1155 – 1156). The third and final war was most short-lived, lasting less than a year. It saw the house of
Barcelona victorious in permanently laying to rest the claims of the House of Baux in spite of the latter having enjoyed the royal approval of Conrad and subsequently of his nephew.
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The conflict itself, which had been ongoing since the succession of
Berenguer Ramon, accelerated after his death. The rest of the war can be seen as three successive armed conflicts. The first began in 1144, with Berenguer Ramon's war with Genoa, and continued until an accord was signed in 1150. The
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Internally, Provence was racked by uncertainties over the rights of succession. Douce and Ramon
Berenguer signed all charters jointly until her death in 1127, after which he alone appears as count in all charters until his death in 1131. At that time, Douce's younger sister
374:. In view of his impotence, with only the backing of Arles, Raymond of Baux entered into negotiations and made submission to the house of Barcelona. He left for Spain, where he died before the peace could be concluded. Stephanie's four sons —
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388:, but like that of Conrad years earlier, it meant nothing to the Catalans. This second war, too, did not go well for the house of Baux. In 1156, they were forced to relinquish the castle of
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The truce did not last and
Stephanie and her sons renewed the conflict in 1155 in alliance with the count of Toulouse. Hugh achieved a diplomatic victory with his confirmation by the
226:, signed a treaty that recognized his family's traditional claim to the title of "Margrave of Provence" and defined the march of Provence as the region north of the lower
378:, William, Bertrand, and Gilbert — were recompensed for relinquishing their rights to the counties of Gerberga and a treaty was signed at Arles in 1150.
419:-attended letters issued on his behalf, one of Conrad the other of Frederick himself. Barbarossa wisely kept silent about his reasons for a change of heart.
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219:, the church took the opportunity to seize the balance of power in the region. This marriage effectively put Provence under Catalan control.
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Despite Conrad's proclamation, the war gained pace in 1147, generally in favour of
Barcelona, for the count of Toulouse was away on the
203:. The marriage was probably taken at the urging of the church, which was then in conflict with house of Toulouse. In 1076, its count,
274:, who promptly laid claim to the inheritance of her mother, even though Provence had peacefully passed into the hands of her nephew,
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with his uncle, the count of
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and those of
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and other fortified places. They did retain Baux itself and its outer defences, like the castle of
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Three major factors played into the eruption of this conflict: the competition between the
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Berenguer Ramon died. He was succeeded in his claim by his young son
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was divided into two factions. Berenguer Ramon was supported by his elder brother,
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MĂ©moires historiques et critiques sur l'ancienne RĂ©publique d'Arles
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At the opening of the conflict, Raymond of Baux made an appeal to
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Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
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Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe
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and northwards. They coveted the region between the
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395:In August 1161, Ramon Berenguer travelled to
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495:" in which there is a reference to this war
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41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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529:Civil wars of the Middle Ages
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322:Melgueil
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