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China produced about 81,000 tons of rare-earth metals in 2001; the number jumped to about 120,000 by 2006. According to the
Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 9,600 to 12,000 cubic metres (340,000 to 420,000 cubic feet) of waste gas—containing dust concentrate, hydrofluoric acid, sulfur dioxide, and
92:
526:
In the satellite image at right, vegetation appears red, grassland is light brown, rocks are black, and water surfaces are green. Two circular open-pit mines are visible, as well as a number of tailings ponds and tailings piles.
1287:. Host strata are quartzite, slate, limestone, and dolomite. Dolomite is the main host rock. The orebodies are stratiform and lenticular, with masses, bands, layers, veins, and disseminations. Besides clear features of
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sulfuric acid—are released with every ton of rare metals that are mined. Approximately 75 m (2,600 cu ft) of acidic wastewater, plus about a ton of radioactive waste residue are also produced.
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The
Sedimentary Carbonate-Hosted Giant Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb Ore Deposit of Inner Mongolia, China: A Cornerstone Example for Giant Polymetallic Ore Deposits of Hydrothermal Origin, by E.C.T. Chao
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1261:-bearing ores in the late 1950s. Reserves are estimated at more than 40 million tons of REE minerals grading at 3–5.4% REE (70% of world's known REE reserves), 1 million tons of Nb
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Xue-Ming Yang, Michael J. Le Bas (2004). "Chemical compositions of carbonate minerals from Bayan Obo, Inner
Mongolia, China: implications for petrogenesis".
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Very large rare-earth elements (REE) Fe-Nb deposit (Bayan-Obo type), discovered as an iron deposit in 1927. REE minerals were discovered in 1936, and
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1543:"Bayan Obo (Bayun-Obo; Baiyunebo) deposit, Bayan Obo, Darhan Muminggan United Banner, Baotou League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"
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Bayan'obo is the world's largest known REE deposit. The fluorite content of the ores also makes it the world's largest fluorite deposit.
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Lawrence J. Drewa, Meng
Qingrunb and Sun Weijun (1990). "The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China".
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1517:"Rare Earths: The Hidden Cost to Their Magic" (Part 2), Distillations Podcast and transcript, Episode 242"
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and 470 million tons of iron. The deposit also contains an estimated 130 million tons of
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Climate data for Bayan Obo, elevation 1,612 m (5,289 ft), (1991–2020 normals)
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yet found and, as of 2005, responsible for 45% of global rare-earth element production.
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City, the downtown of which is more than 120 kilometres (75 mi) to the south.
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is 1200 to 1300 Ma, whereas Th-Pb and Sm-Nd age of Ba-REE-F carbonates and
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1996:
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1413:"Bayan Obo Controversy: Carbonatites versus Iron Oxide-Cu-Au-(REE-U)"
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2008:
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Inner
Mongolia: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
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mineralization, the deposit also exhibits Mg, Fe, Na and F
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The mines north of the town are the largest deposits of
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1279:The deposit occurs in an east–west trending
1283:rift zone along the northern margin of the
512:, China. It is under the administration of
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535:Bayan Obo Mining District is made up of 2
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255:247.89 km (95.71 sq mi)
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1496:China Meteorological Administration
1469:China Meteorological Administration
1235:China Meteorological Administration
25:
486:ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ
436:ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ
53:ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ
34:District in Inner Mongolia, China
1451:NASA Bayan Obo image and writeup
1430:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00069.x
461:Bayan Oboɣ-a Aɣurqai-yin toɣoriɣ
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2296:Plain and Bordered White Banner
1750:Darhan'muminggan United Banner
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641:ᠲᠦᠩ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ
605:ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ
145:
115:
1566:. 1997, USGS Bulletin 2143.
1398:10.1016/j.lithos.2003.09.002
1371:10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8
572:Administrative division code
2359:Mining communities in China
1000:Average precipitation days
856:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
716:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
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2221:Horqin Right Middle Banner
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128:Show map of Inner Mongolia
26:
2216:Horqin Right Front Banner
2158:Qahar Right Middle Banner
1900:Horqin Left Middle Banner
1730:Bayan'obo Mining District
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1521:Science History Institute
1494:(in Simplified Chinese).
1467:(in Simplified Chinese).
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622:Tongyang Road Subdistrict
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320:Bayan Obo Mining District
241:Tongyang Road Subdistrict
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2153:Qahar Right Front Banner
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1464:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data
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647:Дүн ян замын зээл гудамж
611:Уурхай замын зээл гудамж
531:Administrative divisions
420:Баян-Овоо Уурхайн дүүрэг
349:Traditional Chinese
27:Not to be confused with
2369:Carbonatite occurrences
2163:Qahar Right Rear Banner
1905:Horqin Left Rear Banner
586:Mining Road Subdistrict
335:Simplified Chinese
2291:Bordered Yellow Banner
2051:Morin'dawa Daur Banner
2026:New Barag Right Banner
1604:County-level divisions
276:91/km (240/sq mi)
187:41.78278°N 109.97361°E
2031:New Barag Left Banner
1986:Zhalainuo'er District
226:Prefecture-level city
1801:Yuanbaoshan District
273: • Density
29:Bayan-Ovoo, Ömnögovi
2281:West Ujimqin Banner
2276:East Ujimqin Banner
2099:Hanggin Rear Banner
1831:Bairin Right Banner
1411:Chengyu Wu (2007).
1047:Average snowy days
786:Daily mean °C (°F)
548:Simplified Chinese
521:rare-earth elements
397:Báiyún'èbó Kuàng Qū
192:41.78278; 109.97361
183: /
2271:Sonid Right Banner
2089:Urad Middle Banner
1928:Kangbashi District
1923:Dongsheng District
1826:Bairin Left Banner
1745:Tumed Right Banner
1326:Mountain Pass Mine
1311:is 474 to 402 Ma.
1285:Sino-Korean Craton
635:Tōngyángdào Jiēdào
599:Kuàngshānlù Jiēdào
414:Mongolian Cyrillic
265: • Total
252: • Total
96:Location in Baotou
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2324:Alxa Right Banner
2301:Plain Blue Banner
2266:Sonid Left Banner
2176:
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2148:Liangcheng County
2084:Urad Front Banner
1943:Otog Front Banner
1806:Songshan District
1796:Hongshan District
1768:Haibowan District
1720:Qingshan District
1692:Tumed Left Banner
1687:Qingshuihe County
1657:Xincheng District
1633:Prefecture-level
1611:Autonomous Region
1321:Nanling Mountains
1299:isochron age for
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1188:possible sunshine
1093:relative humidity
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384:Standard Mandarin
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214:Autonomous region
158:Show map of China
16:(Redirected from
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2364:Rare earth mines
2319:Alxa Left Banner
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2094:Urad Rear Banner
2036:Old Barag Banner
1963:Ejin'horo Banner
1821:Ar'horqin Banner
1811:Ningcheng County
1735:Jiuyuan District
1725:Shiguai District
1710:Hondlon District
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1568:Full text online
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1433:. Archived from
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1417:Resource Geology
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1244:Economic geology
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77:Bayan Obo, 2006
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1981:Hailar District
1967:
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1836:Hexigten Banner
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1773:Hainan District
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1715:Donghe District
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1682:Horinger County
1667:Saihan District
1662:Yuquan District
1652:Huimin District
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1557:Further reading
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1523:. June 25, 2019
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1392:(1–2): 97–116.
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1281:Mesoproterozoic
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362:Literal meaning
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2138:Shangdu County
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2069:Linhe District
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1437:on 2012-12-17.
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204:
200:
199:
165:
164:
151:
150:
143:
142:
136:
135:
134:
133:
121:
120:
113:
112:
106:
105:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
87:
86:
76:
68:
67:
62:
59:
58:
43:
40:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2386:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2286:Taibus Banner
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:Duolun County
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2226:Jalaid Banner
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Tuquan County
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2168:Dorbod Banner
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:Xinghe County
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:Zhuozi County
2126:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Wuyuan County
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Oroqin Banner
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Jungar Banner
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:Naiman Banner
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:Harqin Banner
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1778:Wuda District
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Guyang County
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Togtoh County
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1579:
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1569:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1482:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1260:
1252:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:Mean monthly
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
998:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
929:
928:precipitation
924:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
854:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
784:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
714:
670:
665:
658:
651:
644:
639:
636:
632:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
608:
603:
600:
596:
589:
587:
584:
583:
580:
576:
573:
570:
567:
563:
560:
556:
553:
551:Hanyu Pinyin
550:
547:
544:
543:
540:
538:
530:
528:
524:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
491:
483:
479:
470:
458:
456:
452:
447:
443:
431:
429:
425:
417:
415:
411:
406:
394:
392:
388:
385:
381:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
352:
350:
346:
338:
336:
332:
327:
323:
318:
310:
300:
292:
288:
285:
283:
275:
267:
254:
242:
239:
237:District seat
232:
229:
227:
220:
217:
215:
208:
205:
196:
168:Coordinates:
140:
110:
93:
84:image by NASA
83:
80:
74:
65:
60:
38:
30:
19:
2133:Huade County
2046:Evenk Banner
1933:Dalad Banner
1895:Jarud Banner
1880:Kailu County
1851:Aohan Banner
1816:Linxi County
1729:
1563:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1520:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1457:
1435:the original
1420:
1416:
1406:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1339:
1293:metasomatism
1289:hydrothermal
1278:
1275:
1256:
1253:Mine deposit
1247:
930:mm (inches)
579:Subdistricts
578:
559:Hudum Script
537:subdistricts
534:
525:
518:
501:
497:
477:
476:
391:Hanyu Pinyin
329:Chinese name
2329:Ejin Banner
2261:Abag Banner
2021:Arun Banner
1958:Uxin Banner
1948:Otog Banner
1885:Hure Banner
1301:bastnaesite
564:Mongolian (
190: /
178:109°58′25″E
79:false color
2348:Categories
1549:Mindat.org
1501:10 October
1474:10 October
1332:References
1309:aeschynite
1305:riebeckite
1002:(≥ 0.1 mm)
652:150206002
616:150206001
502:Baiyun'ebo
498:Baiyun-Obo
260:Population
175:41°46′58″N
1991:Manzhouli
1973:Hulunbuir
1527:28 August
555:Mongolian
482:Mongolian
282:Time zone
41:Bayan'obo
18:Bayan Obo
2244:Xilinhot
2236:Xilingol
2122:Fengzhen
2061:Bayannur
1997:Zalantun
1874:Holingol
1861:Tongliao
1315:See also
1297:monazite
1295:. Sm-Nd
1271:fluorite
1233:Source:
1186:Percent
1181:3,266.4
1091:Average
926:Average
566:Cyrillic
506:district
455:SASM/GNC
64:District
2250:Erenhot
2199:Ulanhot
2191:Hinggan
2182:Leagues
2109:Ulanqab
2003:Yakeshi
1788:Chifeng
1624:capital
1491:中国气象数据网
1259:niobium
995:(9.74)
990:(0.08)
985:(0.17)
980:(0.41)
975:(1.38)
970:(2.28)
965:(2.60)
960:(1.36)
955:(0.80)
950:(0.26)
945:(0.22)
940:(0.10)
935:(0.08)
921:(29.4)
911:(14.2)
906:(30.4)
901:(44.8)
896:(55.8)
891:(59.0)
886:(53.6)
881:(43.0)
876:(31.1)
871:(16.9)
861:(−2.2)
851:(39.0)
841:(22.5)
836:(39.4)
831:(54.3)
826:(65.3)
821:(69.1)
816:(64.6)
811:(54.9)
806:(42.3)
801:(26.8)
796:(13.6)
781:(50.3)
776:(19.8)
771:(33.6)
766:(51.3)
761:(65.7)
756:(75.7)
751:(79.7)
746:(75.6)
741:(66.4)
736:(54.3)
731:(38.8)
726:(25.5)
721:(17.2)
659:Climate
490:Chinese
298:Website
203:Country
2354:Baotou
1702:Baotou
1644:Hohhot
1635:cities
1620:Hohhot
1564:et al.
1386:Lithos
1358:Lithos
1178:220.1
1175:227.0
1172:267.7
1169:272.6
1166:298.0
1163:303.5
1160:305.4
1157:323.0
1154:298.5
1151:281.0
1148:234.2
1145:235.4
916:(1.4)
866:(4.6)
846:(9.3)
791:(6.3)
672:Month
514:Baotou
496:), or
494:白云鄂博矿区
492::
355:白雲鄂博礦區
341:白云鄂博矿区
268:22,681
231:Baotou
48:白云鄂博矿区
2205:Arxan
2015:Ergun
2009:Genhe
1915:Ordos
1760:Wuhai
1086:36.9
1042:68.2
1024:11.6
993:247.2
914:−17.0
864:−15.2
859:−19.0
844:−12.6
794:−10.2
789:−14.3
711:Year
628:通阳道街道
592:矿山路街道
545:Name
365:rich
305:.byeb
287:UTC+8
207:China
152:Bayan
122:Bayan
82:ASTER
2311:Alxa
2252:city
2246:city
2207:city
2201:city
2124:city
2017:city
2011:city
2005:city
1999:city
1993:city
1876:city
1529:2019
1503:2023
1476:2023
1303:and
1095:(%)
1083:6.7
1080:5.7
1077:2.9
1074:0.3
1062:1.1
1059:3.1
1056:5.8
1053:5.5
1050:5.8
1039:3.4
1036:3.9
1033:3.5
1030:6.9
1027:9.6
1021:9.3
1018:5.6
1015:3.1
1012:4.4
1009:3.3
1006:3.6
978:10.3
973:35.0
968:58.0
963:66.0
958:34.6
953:20.3
919:−1.5
909:−9.9
904:−0.9
894:13.2
889:15.0
884:12.0
874:−0.5
869:−8.4
839:−5.3
829:12.4
824:18.5
819:20.6
814:18.1
809:12.7
799:−2.9
779:10.2
774:−6.8
764:10.7
759:18.7
754:24.3
749:26.5
744:24.2
739:19.1
734:12.4
724:−3.6
719:−8.2
708:Dec
705:Nov
702:Oct
699:Sep
696:Aug
693:Jul
690:Jun
687:May
684:Apr
681:Mar
678:Feb
675:Jan
367:ovoo
307:.gov
247:Area
1606:of
1547:at
1425:doi
1394:doi
1367:doi
1228:74
1225:78
1222:78
1219:79
1216:74
1213:71
1210:67
1207:67
1204:72
1201:74
1198:75
1195:78
1192:79
1134:51
1131:63
1128:58
1125:50
1122:54
1119:56
1116:53
1113:45
1110:37
1107:34
1104:42
1101:54
1098:63
988:2.0
983:4.4
948:6.5
943:5.5
938:2.6
933:2.0
899:7.1
879:6.1
849:3.9
834:4.1
804:5.7
769:0.9
729:3.8
500:or
309:.cn
303:www
2350::
1519:.
1443:^
1421:58
1419:.
1415:.
1390:72
1388:.
1363:26
1361:.
1273:.
1071:0
1068:0
1065:0
568:)
561:)
539:.
488:,
484::
51:•
1626:)
1622:(
1596:e
1589:t
1582:v
1545:.
1531:.
1505:.
1478:.
1427::
1400:.
1396::
1373:.
1369::
1267:5
1265:O
1263:2
557:(
480:(
293:)
289:(
31:.
20:)
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