23:
398:
77:
426:
In order to accommodate the troops, two cargo holds amidships had to be converted into accommodation facilities. This was achieved by dividing each hold into three decks, and then building a number of passageways along each deck. Along both walls of each passageway, bunk-beds tiered five high were
430:
The troops were provided with their own galley and mess hall separate from that of the ship's crew, but they had no dining hall and used their own mess gear to eat. A sick bay and dental clinic were also provided. The troop commander had his own private cabin and office, which was fitted with a
439:
Because a troop transport carries less weight than a cargo ship, it was also found to be useful to use concrete as ballast in the bottom of the cargo holds in order to improve the comfort level for the ship's passengers, as well as increase safety and seagoing performance.
374:, and which could also be readily converted into naval auxiliary vessels in the event of war. After the war broke out however, the need for shipping became so great that the US was forced to come up with designs that could be more quickly manufactured. Thus the C3-based
327:
With the entry of the United States into the war, it was quickly realized that amphibious combat operations on hostile shores would be required, and that specialized ships would be needed for the purpose. The so-called "attack transport" ship type
431:
loudspeaker system from which he could directly address the men under his command. In order to keep the soldiers entertained during their long, crowded voyages, music and other entertainment could be piped to the troop compartments.
552:-class vessel built by Western Pipe & Steel which was launched on 29 December 1942, first commissioned on 7 December 1943 and decommissioned in August 1970. She was finally struck from the Navy register on 1 July 1972.
336:) was developed to meet this need. Attack transports were converted from standard transport vessels by being upgraded with extra firepower, and outfitted with a number of smaller integral landing craft (such as
448:
Since attack transports would be conducting operations off hostile shores, they had a greater requirement for armament than ordinary transports, particularly in regards to antiaircraft defence. The
701:
996:
351:
class, which began to enter service in 1943. The early vessels were converted from existing cargo or transport ships, later ones built as attack transports from the keel up.
22:
347:
The first attack transports began to enter service in 1942 and were built ad hoc from a host of different types. The first class to be built in substantial numbers was the
418:-class vessels were based upon the C3-S-A2 design standard. The basic design had to undergo a number of changes in order to meet the attack transport specification.
694:
1017:
687:
573:
397:
971:
370:. Originating in 1938, the C3 standard was designed to produce modern, good quality cargo and passenger ships to replace the ageing US
673:
457:
286:
500:
379:
57:
980:
475:
classes dispensed with some of these mounts. The later classes also had only one 5-inch (127 mm) gun instead of two.
105:
92:
606:
Information for the "Ballast" and "Troop accommodation" sections comes from
Maudsley, pp 75–76 (see references below).
460:
mounts (early examples came with two quad 1.1" gun mounts instead), plus two single 40 mm mounts and eighteen
467:
As the war progressed, the 20 mm cannon were found to be less effective than the 40 mm, and the later
341:
228:
885:
541:
Of the 388 attack transports (APA and AKA) of all types built, the last to see service with the US Navy was
527:
492:
290:
586:
523:
662:
Steel Ships and Iron Pipe: Western Pipe and Steel
Company of California, the Company, the Yard, the Ships
639:(See class specifications. Note: the specification for a single 5"/38 gun is apparently a typo here, the
948:
920:
461:
453:
300:
279:
488:
337:
222:
62:
934:
780:
594:
406:
367:
329:
822:
82:
815:
669:
892:
665:
569:
321:
147:
371:
452:-class vessels were well outfitted in this regard. Each vessel was fitted with a pair of
843:
590:
456:
guns, one fore and one aft. The ships were also fitted with between two and four twin
1011:
871:
496:
647:
927:
899:
850:
752:
738:
724:
679:
386:
363:
628:
955:
941:
906:
878:
808:
801:
794:
759:
745:
731:
542:
535:
206:
913:
836:
787:
773:
531:
194:
857:
190:
643:
class had two of these guns as standard. Other specifications are correct).
864:
829:
766:
318:
396:
635:
507:
class the second most numerous attack transport class behind the
683:
378:
class and its predecessors were eventually outnumbered by the
487:-class vessels were produced between 1942 and 1944 – 20 by
668:(for Associates of the National Maritime Museum Library),
427:
installed, and each bunk was only thirty inches wide.
344:) with which amphibious assaults could be conducted.
997:
List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships
189:Geared turbine drive, 2 × D-type boilers, single
366:passenger and cargo ship standard set by the US
695:
8:
530:of war. Some went on to see service in the
702:
688:
680:
561:
362:-class vessels were based on the large
17:
324:that were built during World War II.
165:492 ft 6 in (150.11 m)
7:
280:5-inch 38 caliber dual purpose guns
266:Troops: 80 officers, 1,146 enlisted
173:69 ft 6 in (21.18 m)
522:-class vessels served in both the
405:-class attack transport underway,
181:26 ft 6 in (8.08 m)
14:
1018:Bayfield-class attack transports
75:
21:
657:-class ship), Navsource Online.
385:which was based on the simpler
263:Flag: 43 officers, 108 enlisted
157:8,100 tons, 16,100 fully loaded
260:Crew: 51 officers 524 enlisted
1:
248:(175,000–200,000 cubic feet).
495:and the remaining 14 at the
209:(33 km/h; 21 mph)
1034:
660:Mawdsley, Dean L. (2002):
454:5"/38 caliber dual purpose
31:(APA-33) on 4 January 1950
992:
966:
720:
138:
36:
20:
714:-class attack transports
501:Western Pipe & Steel
58:Western Pipe & Steel
493:Pascagoula, Mississippi
315:-class attack transport
296:2 × single 40 mm cannon
291:1.1-inch/75-caliber gun
139:General characteristics
587:Combustion Engineering
412:
282:, one fore and one aft
632:-class specifications
400:
118:1943–1945 – 1946–1970
595:Babcock & Wilcox
489:Ingalls Shipbuilding
464:mounts as standard.
214:Boats & landing
63:Ingalls Shipbuilding
615:Mawdsley, page 141.
422:Troop accommodation
368:Maritime Commission
330:hull classification
458:40 mm antiaircraft
413:
83:United States Navy
1005:
1004:
322:attack transports
308:
307:
193:, designed shaft
102:Succeeded by
1025:
973:Arthur Middleton
704:
697:
690:
681:
666:Glencannon Press
616:
613:
607:
604:
598:
583:
577:
570:General Electric
568:Built by either
566:
528:Pacific theatres
245:4,500–4,800 tons
148:Attack transport
81:
79:
78:
25:
18:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1001:
988:
962:
716:
708:
625:
620:
619:
614:
610:
605:
601:
584:
580:
567:
563:
558:
517:
481:
446:
437:
424:
395:
357:
317:was a class of
215:
76:
74:
32:
12:
11:
5:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
993:
990:
989:
987:
986:
977:
967:
964:
963:
961:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
721:
718:
717:
709:
707:
706:
699:
692:
684:
678:
677:
658:
645:
624:
621:
618:
617:
608:
599:
591:Foster Wheeler
578:
560:
559:
557:
554:
516:
513:
483:A total of 34
480:
477:
445:
442:
436:
433:
423:
420:
394:
391:
372:merchant fleet
356:
353:
306:
305:
304:
303:
297:
294:
283:
274:
270:
269:
268:
267:
264:
261:
256:
252:
251:
250:
249:
246:
241:
237:
236:
235:
234:
231:
225:
217:
211:
210:
203:
199:
198:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
103:
99:
98:
90:
86:
85:
72:
68:
67:
66:
65:
60:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
37:Class overview
34:
33:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1030:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
998:
995:
994:
991:
985:
983:
979:Followed by:
978:
976:
974:
970:Preceded by:
969:
968:
965:
959:
958:
954:
952:
951:
947:
945:
944:
940:
938:
937:
933:
931:
930:
926:
924:
923:
919:
917:
916:
912:
910:
909:
905:
903:
902:
898:
896:
895:
891:
889:
888:
884:
882:
881:
877:
875:
874:
870:
868:
867:
863:
861:
860:
856:
854:
853:
849:
847:
846:
842:
840:
839:
835:
833:
832:
828:
826:
825:
821:
819:
818:
814:
812:
811:
807:
805:
804:
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
751:
749:
748:
744:
742:
741:
737:
735:
734:
730:
728:
727:
723:
722:
719:
715:
713:
705:
700:
698:
693:
691:
686:
685:
682:
675:
674:1-889901-28-8
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:
652:
651:
646:
644:
640:
637:
633:
631:
627:
626:
622:
612:
609:
603:
600:
596:
592:
588:
582:
579:
575:
571:
565:
562:
555:
553:
551:
547:
546:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
514:
512:
510:
506:
503:– making the
502:
498:
497:San Francisco
494:
490:
486:
478:
476:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
443:
441:
434:
432:
428:
421:
419:
417:
411:
410:
404:
399:
392:
390:
388:
384:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
354:
352:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
325:
323:
320:
316:
314:
302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
284:
281:
277:
276:
275:
272:
271:
265:
262:
259:
258:
257:
254:
253:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
238:
232:
230:
226:
224:
220:
219:
218:
216:craft carried
213:
212:
208:
204:
201:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
117:
115:In commission
114:
113:
110:
108:
104:
101:
100:
97:
95:
91:
88:
87:
84:
73:
70:
69:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
44:
41:
40:
35:
30:
24:
19:
16:
981:
972:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
894:Westmoreland
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
711:
710:
661:
654:
649:
642:
638:
636:DANFS Online
629:
611:
602:
581:
574:Westinghouse
564:
549:
544:
540:
519:
518:
508:
504:
499:shipyard of
484:
482:
472:
468:
466:
449:
447:
438:
429:
425:
415:
414:
408:
402:
387:Victory ship
380:
375:
359:
358:
348:
346:
333:
326:
312:
311:
309:
299:18 × single
289:or 2 × quad
154:Displacement
106:
93:
45:
28:
15:
653:(a typical
393:Description
301:20mm cannon
287:40mm cannon
285:2–4 × twin
278:2 × single
89:Preceded by
845:Barnstable
623:References
479:Production
255:Complement
233:3 × LCP(L)
195:horsepower
186:Propulsion
887:Riverside
873:Mendocino
585:Built by
556:Footnotes
543:USS
407:USS
401:A loaded
191:propeller
123:Completed
71:Operators
1012:Category
929:Guilford
901:Hansford
852:Burleigh
754:Cavalier
740:Callaway
726:Bayfield
712:Bayfield
655:Bayfield
650:Bayfield
641:Bayfield
630:Bayfield
550:Bayfield
524:Atlantic
520:Bayfield
505:Bayfield
485:Bayfield
450:Bayfield
444:Weaponry
416:Bayfield
403:Bayfield
389:design.
376:Bayfield
360:Bayfield
355:Overview
349:Bayfield
313:Bayfield
273:Armament
240:Capacity
52:Builders
46:Bayfield
29:Bayfield
957:Hanover
950:Hampton
943:Hamblen
922:Grafton
908:Goodhue
880:Montour
810:Henrico
803:Fremont
796:Fayette
761:Chilton
747:Cambria
733:Bolivar
545:Chilton
536:Vietnam
515:Service
511:class.
509:Haskell
473:Haskell
469:Gilliam
435:Ballast
381:Haskell
364:Type C3
332:symbol
319:US Navy
982:Ormsby
915:Goshen
838:Alpine
789:Elmore
782:DuPage
775:Custer
672:
538:wars.
532:Korean
409:DuPage
293:mounts
162:Length
131:Active
107:Sumter
94:Ormsby
80:
984:class
975:class
936:Sitka
859:Cecil
824:Lamar
462:20 mm
383:class
338:LCVPs
221:12 ×
207:knots
202:Speed
197:8,500
178:Draft
109:class
96:class
866:Dade
831:Leon
817:Knox
768:Clay
670:ISBN
648:USS
548:, a
534:and
526:and
471:and
342:LCMs
340:and
310:The
227:4 ×
223:LCVP
170:Beam
144:Type
134:None
42:Name
27:USS
593:or
572:or
491:of
334:APA
229:LCM
205:18
1014::
664:,
634:,
589:,
126:34
703:e
696:t
689:v
676:.
597:.
576:.
328:(
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