27:
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79:
51:
445:
After the war, the use of coal for heating declined sharply in the United States. In 1947, Esso invested $ 26 million in a refinery expansion program to meet an increased post-war demand for gasoline and heating oil, and constructed a second, much larger catalytic cracker with an initial processing
484:
finalized proceedings to purchase the refinery from Exxon for a sum of $ 175 million, although the Exxon
Chemical Company continued to run the Chemical Plant. During this time Bayway was operated by Bayway Refining Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Tosco Corporation. Under the direction of
476:
On the night of
January 1–2, 1990, a cracked underwater pipeline leaked about 567,000 US gallons (2,150 m) of fuel oil into the Arthur Kill. Because the waterway was already so heavily industrialized, Exxon argued that it should not have to pay any damages. The court disagreed, ordering the
449:
In 1965 Enjay
Chemical, a subsidiary of the Esso Chemical Company (which later became Exxon Chemical) in the Standard Oil Company New Jersey (known publicly mostly by the Esso, Enco and Humble brands) assumed all of the chemical processing assets and products at Bayway. In 1973, the Standard Oil
372:
as the site for his latest refinery. Construction of temporary office buildings began on
October 15, 1907 and work clearing the heavily wooded land began immediately. The cornerstone of the machine shop, the first permanent structure at the site, was laid on January 18, 1908, and construction
473:. Visible from the New Jersey Turnpike with its giant plumes of water vapor, this device eliminates 7-8 tons of dust per day as well as gases generated from the catalytic cracking process. To this day it is recognized as one of the most efficient and effective units of its kind in the world.
377:(c1880-1953). The facility began processing an initial 10,000 barrels (1,600 m) of crude oil per day. Capacity was expanded to an estimated 17,176 barrels per day (2,730.8 m/d) by 1911. Over the next several years the plant continued expanding and increasing capacity and workforce.
299:. As of 2007, the facility processed approximately 238,000 bbl/d (37,800 m/d) of crude oil, producing 145,000 bbl/d (23,100 m/d) of gasoline and 110,000 bbl/d (17,000 m/d) of distillates. Its products are delivered to East Coast customers via
438:, or "cat cracker", which went into operation on January 18, 1943. This development proved essential to the production of fuel to support the Allied war effort, especially high-octane aviation fuel, and also allowed the production of synthetic
446:
capacity of 49,000 bbl/d (7,800 m/d), replacing the original 1943 unit. The "Cat" came online in
October 1949 and was the largest in the world during the twentieth century, and as of 2008 was the largest in the western hemisphere.
570:
The refinery has consistently been ranked among the worst polluters in the nation, and has been cited almost 200 times since 2005 for violation of state environmental laws. It is also ranked as the 32nd worst water polluter in the country.
430:
leading to hallucinations and insanity, and then five deaths in quick succession. The plant was shut down by the state of New Jersey in
October, and Standard Oil was forbidden to manufacture TEL there again without state permission.
461:
On the night of
December 5, 1970 a series of powerful explosions occurred at the refinery, resulting in multiple injuries but no fatalities in and around the plant. Windows were shattered as far away as
1321:
341:
594:
Install a new fuel gas system by
December 2010 to burn cleaner natural gas instead of fuel oil, reducing SO2 emissions by thousands of tons per year. This would cost $ 28 million to $ 38 million.
546:
1316:
587:
Install a cover on the wastewater separator or a new covered separator, and controls, by
December 2008. This measure, which would cost approximately $ 8 million, would reduce emissions of
551:
The refinery was the famous toxic site in question in the 2015 legal settlement between New Jersey and ExxonMobil. In late 2003, the refinery came under scrutiny for a possibly abnormal
43:
26:
560:
1306:
957:
564:
499:
In 1999, the
Infineum company (a joint project of Exxon Chemical, Shell International Chemicals and Shell Chemical) took over operation of the chemical plant.
1336:
1326:
733:
Mrs. Ida F. Koehler, wife of William C. Koehler, former superintendent of the Bayway refinery of the Standard Oil Company of Linden, died today at her ...
1346:
485:
Tosco, Bayway was able to reorganize and upgrade the facility, and years of operating at a loss for Exxon in the later 1980s were turned around swiftly.
373:
continued throughout the year. The first crude stills at Bayway were completed in late 1908 and on January 2, 1909, they were symbolically fired up by
597:
Install new pollution controls on heaters and boilers by December 2010 at cost of $ 20 million, reducing annual NOx emissions by approximately 900 tons.
391:
Bayway became a leading research facility within the S.O. New Jersey enterprise. It was the first facility in the United States to employ the use of
1341:
426:) at the refinery over the course of three months in 1924. Within the first two months of its operation, the facility had seventeen cases of severe
168:
715:
William C. Koehler, who rose from carrier to a directorship of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, died late yesterday at his home of a ...
71:
99:
1012:
385:
664:
805:
530:
to form ConocoPhillips in 2002 and later spun off downstream, midstream and chemical assets into a new Phillips 66 company in 2012.
492:
became the contract switcher for the refinery in 1995, and set up the Bayshore Terminal Company to handle the management of 8,000
746:
1156:
236:
1227:
888:
161:
961:
352:
flagship station in New York City, characterizes the Bayway Refinery as a "repeat offender" of environmental regulations.
349:
1171:
512:
1331:
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395:
process to get greater yields from its crude products, and in 1919 scientists at Bayway created the world's first
1212:
1103:
1005:
636:
588:
252:
559:(Channel 7), New York, ran a feature about the refinery. The refinery has since been subject to scrutiny by the
1166:
975:
1222:
1192:
1284:
803:
Charles F. Kettering and the 1921 Discovery of Tetraethyl Lead In the Context of Technological Alternatives
747:"Ethyl-leaded gasoline: how a classic occupational disease became an international public health disaster"
621:
326:
plant that produces over 775 million pounds of polypropylene per year. The refinery has its own railway
631:
381:
369:
340:
The refinery has had and continues to have environmental issues, culminating in the major $ 225 million
248:
154:
1311:
1272:
998:
626:
435:
1176:
1119:
365:
777:
709:
523:
374:
327:
300:
244:
150:
388:, the precursor to Esso and later Exxon, which retained the ownership of the Bayway facilities.
1124:
769:
481:
407:
400:
1080:
761:
276:
1253:
1161:
892:
809:
668:
423:
419:
802:
1243:
1035:
642:
600:
Reduce emissions of VOCs by implementing an enhanced leak detection and repair program.
580:
427:
411:
946:
785:
469:
1976 brought about the installation of the most iconic structure at the refinery, the
1300:
579:
Thanks to the terms of a settlement with the Department of Environmental Protection,
534:
508:
463:
396:
392:
323:
319:
130:
919:
History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey); Pioneering in Big Business 1882 - 1911
781:
368:
acquired several hundred acres of the former Morse family estate between Linden and
985:
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361:
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885:
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953:
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1050:
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In 1911, Standard Oil was broken up into smaller units in accordance with the
312:
255:, it is the northernmost refinery on the East Coast of the United States. The
140:
949:"ConocoPhillips to Spend $ 60 Million to Reduce Pollution at Bayway Refinery"
926:
History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey): the Resurgent Years 1911 - 1927
183:
170:
583:
stated that it would take the following actions at their Bayway facilities:
504:
334:
264:
260:
773:
16:
Oil refining facility in the Port of New York and New Jersey, United States
842:(6 December 1970). "Many Hurt in Jersey Blast; Metropolitan Area Jolted".
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556:
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990:
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552:
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451:
304:
814:
Society of Automotive Engineers Fuels & Lubricants Conference
555:
rate among its work population. As a result, local ABC affiliate
537:
facility went online that produces 775 million pounds per year.
994:
342:
Exxon Mobil-New Jersey Environmental Contamination settlement
933:
History of Standard Oil (New Jersey): New Horizons 1927-1950
912:
547:
ExxonMobil-New Jersey environmental contamination settlement
466:, and the explosion was felt more than thirty miles away.
603:
Reduce VOC and acid gas emissions by minimizing flaring.
333:
The workers at the plant have been unionized under the
434:
During World War II, the plant constructed its first
980:
1322:
Buildings and structures in Union County, New Jersey
322:
plant which produces lubricants and additives and a
1236:
1205:
1185:
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1028:
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204:
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1317:Buildings and structures in Elizabeth, New Jersey
561:New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
986:https://www3.epa.gov/region02/waste/exxon750.pdf
692:"Pollution Problems Linked to Bayway Refinery".
511:, and specialty lubricant additives, as well as
454:, and the facility likewise became known as the
976:The Center for Public Land Use: Bayway Refinery
931:Larson, H M., E H. Knowlton, and C S. Popple.
858:Before and after an oil Spill: the Arthur Kill
816:, Baltimore, Maryland., 1994; revised in 1999.
442:and materials used to manufacture explosives.
31:Portion of the Bayway Refinery as seen in 1973
1006:
958:United States Environmental Protection Agency
591:, (VOCs) at the treatment unit by 95 percent.
565:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
496:full of various refinery products each year.
8:
860:, pages 1-7. Rutgers University Press, 1994.
707:"William C. Koehler, Retired Oil Official".
687:
685:
477:company to pay $ 15 million in reparations.
19:
344:. A 2010 investigative report conducted by
1141:
1093:
1013:
999:
991:
825:"New 'Gas' plant ready", January 17, 1943,
18:
665:"ConocoPhillips Fact Book 2007: Refining"
928:. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956.
921:. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1955.
384:. One of these successor companies was
1307:Energy infrastructure completed in 1909
653:
418:, built a plant for the manufacture of
106:
78:
50:
335:International Brotherhood of Teamsters
7:
1279:
659:
657:
226:238,000 bbl/d (37,800 m/d)
61:Show map of Union County, New Jersey
1337:Oil refineries in the United States
1327:Energy infrastructure in New Jersey
606:Audit and reduce benzene emissions.
575:2005 environmental control measures
263:(supplied by tanker ships from the
114:Bayway Refinery (the United States)
450:Company of New Jersey was renamed
386:Standard Oil Company of New Jersey
14:
1347:1909 establishments in New Jersey
935:. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.
1278:
1267:
1266:
1049:
964:from the original on 14 May 2009
105:
98:
77:
70:
49:
42:
25:
1342:Port of New York and New Jersey
954:"Exxon Bayway Refining Company"
924:Gibb, G S., and E H. Knowlton.
237:Port of New York and New Jersey
58:Location of the Bayway Refinery
1228:2001 Humber Refinery explosion
235:is a refining facility in the
1:
513:automatic transmission fluids
117:Show map of the United States
1172:Rodeo San Francisco Refinery
947:state.nj.us January 27, 2005
522:Tosco was bought in 2001 by
337:(Local No. 877) since 1960.
86:Bayway Refinery (New Jersey)
917:Hidy, R W., and M E. Hidy.
727:"Mrs. William C. Koehler".
490:Morristown and Erie Railway
318:The facility also houses a
1363:
1249:Phillips Petroleum Process
874:. January 2009. p. 7.
754:Int J Occup Environ Health
589:volatile organic compounds
544:
1262:
1104:Chevron Phillips Chemical
1047:
913:http://conocophillips.com
897:Bayshore Terminal Company
766:10.1179/oeh.2005.11.4.384
36:
24:
1167:Rockies Express Pipeline
891:August 20, 2006, at the
503:researches and produces
1223:2000 Phillips explosion
1218:1999 Phillips explosion
1193:Immingham Power Station
519:, and industrial oils.
184:40.637193°N 74.214449°W
1213:1989 Phillips disaster
1041:Phillips Petroleum Co.
622:List of oil refineries
480:On April 8, 1993, the
279:in North Dakota) into
89:Show map of New Jersey
872:Railpace Newsmagazine
808:July 8, 2006, at the
731:. February 23, 1941.
713:. November 28, 1953.
632:Port Reading Refinery
507:lubricant additives,
456:Exxon Bayway Refinery
410:, a joint venture of
382:Sherman Antitrust Act
370:Elizabeth, New Jersey
275:and by rail from the
249:Elizabeth, New Jersey
189:40.637193; -74.214449
1206:Industrial disasters
812:", presented to the
745:Kovarik, W. (2005).
627:Perth Amboy Refinery
541:Environmental issues
526:, which merged with
422:(TEL, the "lead" in
1177:Wood River Refinery
1120:Tidewater Petroleum
1022:Phillips 66 Company
981:Phillips 66 website
366:John D. Rockefeller
180: /
21:
1332:Linden, New Jersey
844:The New York Times
840:The New York Times
827:The New York Times
729:The New York Times
710:The New York Times
524:Phillips Petroleum
375:William C. Koehler
328:container terminal
301:pipeline transport
251:, and bisected by
1294:
1293:
1201:
1200:
1157:Billings Refinery
1133:
1132:
1125:Tosco Corporation
870:"Railpace News".
801:Kovarik, Bill. "
482:Tosco Corporation
436:catalytic cracker
408:Ethyl Corporation
401:isopropyl alcohol
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856:Burger, Joanna:
854:
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829:
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791:on 11 July 2014.
790:
784:. Archived from
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736:
735:
724:
718:
717:
704:
698:
697:
689:
680:
679:
677:
676:
667:. Archived from
661:
471:Wet Gas Scrubber
277:Bakken Formation
200:Refinery details
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1162:Humber Refinery
1152:Bayway Refinery
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1024:
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967:
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906:Further reading
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893:Wayback Machine
886:Bayway Refinery
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879:
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424:leaded gasoline
420:tetraethyl lead
358:
233:Bayway Refinery
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20:Bayway Refinery
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1244:Phillips 66ers
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509:fuel additives
428:lead poisoning
412:General Motors
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1090:Subsidiaries
1029:Predecessors
966:. Retrieved
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871:
865:
857:
852:
846:. p. 1.
843:
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797:
786:the original
757:
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732:
728:
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696:. June 2010.
693:
673:. Retrieved
669:the original
637:Morses Creek
578:
569:
550:
532:
521:
498:
487:
479:
475:
468:
460:
455:
448:
444:
440:butyl rubber
433:
416:Standard Oil
405:
390:
379:
362:Standard Oil
359:
339:
332:
317:
257:oil refinery
253:Morses Creek
232:
231:
215:Commissioned
1312:Phillips 66
1066:Phillips 66
838:Special to
313:tank trucks
297:heating oil
285:diesel fuel
273:West Africa
241:Phillips 66
239:, owned by
209:Phillips 66
187: /
162:Coordinates
1301:Categories
1138:Facilities
968:2009-04-05
694:ABC News 7
675:2009-02-04
649:References
545:See also:
175:74°12′52″W
172:40°38′14″N
141:New Jersey
517:gear oils
505:crankcase
360:In 1907,
265:North Sea
261:crude oil
259:converts
155:Elizabeth
1273:Category
962:Archived
889:Archived
806:Archived
782:44633845
774:16350473
617:Big Inch
611:See also
567:(OSHA).
563:and the
501:Infineum
364:founder
309:railcars
289:jet fuel
281:gasoline
223:Capacity
205:Owner(s)
1285:Commons
1145:Current
1097:Current
557:WABC-TV
356:History
346:WABC-TV
293:propane
127:Country
1186:Former
1113:Former
1071:Conoco
1059:Brands
780:
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553:cancer
528:Conoco
348:, the
305:barges
269:Canada
245:Linden
151:Linden
789:(PDF)
778:S2CID
750:(PDF)
452:Exxon
137:State
770:PMID
641:The
488:The
414:and
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311:and
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218:1909
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147:City
1076:Jet
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762:doi
350:ABC
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