31:
118:. The American photographer Cole Rise was involved in the creation of the original filters for Instagram around 2010, designing several of them himself, including Sierra, Mayfair, Sutro, Amaro, and Willow. However, the technology for virtual lens filters was invented and patented by Patrick Levy-Rosenthal in 2007. The patent received 100 citations, including Facebook, Nvidia, Microsoft, Samsung, and Snap. In September, 2011, the Instagram 2.0 update for the application introduced "live filters," which allowed the user to preview the effect of the filter while shooting with the application's camera.
195:
47:
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controversy around these filters, Facebook banned them in
October 2019, along with all "distortion" filters, which altered the proportions of the face. In August 2020, Facebook re-allowed distortion filters, but continued to ban filters which "directly promote cosmetic surgery". Facial distortion filters are also unlisted in the app's "Effects Gallery", which shows the most popular filters at the time.
171:
released the Camera
Effects Platform, which is the first augmented reality platform that allows developers to create their own filters and effects on Facebook's Camera. In December 2017, Snapchat also launched their Lens Studio augmented reality developer tool that allows users and advertisers to do
85:
or other similar devices. While filters are commonly associated with beauty enhancement and feature alterations, there is a wide range of filters that have different functions. From adjusting photo tones to using face animations and interactive elements, users have access to a range of tools. These
623:
was found to have lower acceptance of cosmetic surgery or no difference compared to nonusers, respectively . These results indicates that WhatsApp and
Facebook are primarily user to connect with close friends and family, while applications such as YouTube, Tinder, and Snapchat are used on a larger
393:
The inability to discern whether a particular image has been filtered is thought to exacerbate their negative psychological effects. Policymakers have advocated for social networks to disclose the use of filters; TikTok, Instagram, and
Snapchat all label filtered photos and videos with the name of
176:
joined the two, and launched their own augmented reality developer platform called Effect house. In
February 2023, Effect House gave opened up the access to generative AI tools that allowed creators to change facial features in real time. In November 2023, TikTok released a feature where users no
280:
In March 2023, the "Bold
Glamour" filter was released on TikTok and instantly went viral with over 18 million videos created within its first week. This filter subtly enhances the user's facial features seamlessly, giving the illusion of fuller eyebrows, taller cheekbones, enhanced eye make up, a
180:
In August 2024, Meta announced that it would be removing third-party filter effects from its family of apps by
January 14, 2025. The AR development software Meta Spark AR will also be retired at the same time; it was at one point the "world’s largest mobile AR platform". Brand and creator effects
428:
Instagram previously hosted a number of third-party filters which explicitly simulated the effects of cosmetic procedures, as well as a filter, "FixMe", which allowed users to annotate their face with areas for surgical improvement, as a plastic surgeon might do with a marker. After public
276:
on the platform automatically applied the retouch and other feature-altering filters. Users noted that these filters slimmed down faces, smoothed skin, whitened teeth, and altered facial features such as nose and eye size, without the option to disable this feature through settings.
311:
By contrast, filters work in an automated fashion through the use of complex algorithms, requiring little or no input from the user. This ease of use, in combination with the increase in processing power of smartphones, and the rise of social media and
373:
Beauty filters most frequently target the face, though in some cases they may affect other body parts. For example, the app "Retouch Me" was reported to have a feature which allows users to superimpose visible abdominal muscles (a
281:
smaller nose, plumper lips, and clearer skin, giving off a natural yet distinct effect. As of May 2024, the filter has been used in over 220 million videos and has become a pivotal moment for beauty filters on digital platforms.
264:
In 2020, the "Perfect Skin" filter for
Snapchat and Instagram which was created by Brazilian augmented reality developer Brenno Faustino gained more than 36 million impressions in the first 24 hours of its release.
515:
provide extensive editing tools and filters that allow users to experiment with different filters and create custom presets. Users are also able to explore and purchase filters or presets made by other creators.
502:
Many applications allow users to enhance their photos with filters and adjust aspects such as exposure, white balance, contrast, and saturation of photos to their personal preferences. Applications such as
129:
An update in 2014 allowed users to adjust the intensity of the filters as well as fine-tune other aspects of the image, features that had been available for years on applications such as
588:
found that filtered photos outperform unfiltered photos in terms of engagement on social media, with a 21% higher chance of being viewed and a 45% higher chance of generating a comment.
242:
of the subject. Typical effects of such filters include smoothing skin texture and modifying the proportions of facial features, for example enlarging the eyes or narrowing the nose.
553:. In 2017, Facetune was the most popular paid app on the Apple App Store. As of 2019, the paid app, and the free counterpart, Facetune2, had more than 55 million users between them.
425:
to describe patients who presented to plastic surgeons seeking procedures to mimic the effects of filters, such as a narrowed nose, enlarged eyes, fuller lips, and smoothed skin.
2033:
Chen, Jonlin; Ishii, Masaru; Bater, Kristin L.; Darrach, Halley; Liao, David; Huynh, Pauline P.; Reh, Isabel P.; Nellis, Jason C.; Kumar, Anisha R.; Ishii, Lisa E. (2019-06-27).
308:. However, such tools required considerable technical and artistic skill, and so their use was mostly limited to professional contexts, such as magazines or advertisements.
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478:
to provide an interactive experience for customers and increase brand awareness on the digital landscape. Some examples of these augmented reality filters include
531:. In the case of Instagram and Snapchat, most filters are created by third-party developers rather than the app developers themselves. The video-conferencing app
156:
technology. Some of the early lenses available on
Snapchat at the time were Heart Eyes, Terminator, Puke Rainbows, Old, Scary, Rage Face, Heart Avalanche. The
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386:
Some commentators have expressed concern that beauty filters may create unrealistic beauty standards, particularly among girls, and contribute to rates of
1412:
882:
409:, sometimes called "filter dysmorphia." This trend has led some to seek plastic surgery to make themselves look how they appear in social media filters.
1960:
405:
features, like lighter eyes, a smaller nose, and flushed cheeks. These filters have been documented as contributing to social media users' feelings of
390:. A correlation has been established between negative body image and the use of beautifying filters, though the direction of causation is unknown.
1795:
1477:
568:"). The close distance from which such photos are taken may create undesirable distortions, such as increasing the perceived size of the nose.
1458:
1436:
927:
Hawker, Kiah; Carah, Nicholas (2021-01-02). "Snapchat's augmented reality brand culture: sponsored filters and lenses as digital piecework".
30:
2140:
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longer needed Effect House to create their own filters, as they are now able to create their own effects on the TikTok application.
98:
A photo collage of an original, unprocessed image (top left) modified with the 16 different filters available on
Instagram in 2011.
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557:
is another image editing app which uses deep learning algorithms. Extreme use of the app's beauty filters was the subject of the "
181:
represent the vast majority of filters available on Meta platforms, with over 2 million third-party filters available as of 2021.
2035:"Association Between the Use of Social Media and Photograph Editing Applications, Self-esteem, and Cosmetic Surgery Acceptance"
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filters allow users to enhance photos and allow room for creative expression and fun interactions with digital content.
722:
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filters. The app has smoothed Wales's skin texture, and subtly altered the proportions of some of his facial features.
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Beauty filters may also be applied using standalone "beauty apps". One of the most popular such apps is
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In 2020, it was reported that 600 million people monthly were using augmented reality filters on
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culture, have led to photographic manipulation occurring on a much wider scale than ever before.
284:
Critics have raised concerns that the widespread use of such filters on social media may lead to
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1496:"The Mental Health Impacts of Beauty Filters on Social Media Shouldn't Be Ignored — Here's Why"
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2015:
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561:" Internet meme, in which photos are filtered to hyper-glamorour extremes to humorous effect.
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Filters have been implicated in greater demand for cosmetic surgery and injections. The term "
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114:, which could be touched up with more flattering lighting effects with applications such as
1586:"'Snapchat Dysmorphia': When People Get Plastic Surgery To Look Like A Social Media Filter"
519:
Beauty filters are available as a built-in feature of many social media apps, most notably
612:
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532:
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301:
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1913:"Preserving the ephemeral: A visual typology of augmented reality filters on Instagram"
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includes a "Touch-up My Appearance" filter which smooths blemishes and under-eye bags.
320:
94:
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1283:"Influenciador digital fala sobre desenvolver filtros no Instagram para celebridades"
956:
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filters, such as Instagram and Snapchat filters which give the user puppy ears or a
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label to describe an image that had not been filtered, became popular around 2013.
58:
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Filters have also been used as a marketing tool by many brands with the help of
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One of the earliest examples of a content-aware digital photographic filter is
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the participatory use of the application. In September 2015, Snapchat acquired
1992:
Bakhshi, Saeideh; Shamma, David; Kennedy, Lyndon; Gilbert, Eric (2021-08-03).
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2019:
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Rajanala, Susruthi; Maymone, Mayra B. C.; Vashi, Neelam A. (November 2018).
822:"Instagram 2.0 Launches: A Faster App With Live Filters & Hi-Res Photos"
628:
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1815:"Snapchat Starts Charging $ 0.99 For 3 Replays, Adds Face Effect "Lenses""
1554:"What Students Are Saying About How Social Media Affects Their Body Image"
1000:"Snapchat Starts Charging $ 0.99 For 3 Replays, Adds Face Effect "Lenses""
50:
A photograph with two plush vegetables, before and after applying a filter
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1998:
Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media
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filters were positively correlated with consideration and acceptance of
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to enhance attractiveness has long been possible using software such as
1083:"Facebook launches augmented reality Camera Effects developer platform"
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1413:"Faking it: how selfie dysmorphia is driving people to seek surgery"
1108:"Snapchat launches augmented reality developer platform Lens Studio"
538:
Beautifying effects may be bundled as part of other, more whimsical
971:"Snapchat is the latest tech company to be sued for mapping faces"
591:
In 2019, a study found that the use of social media applications (
93:
45:
29:
1796:"Beauty filters are changing the way young girls see themselves"
1478:"Beauty filters are changing the way young girls see themselves"
1308:"TikTok changed the shape of some people's faces without asking"
608:
504:
130:
698:"Filter focus: the story behind the original Instagram filters"
152:
and released a feature called "lenses," animated filters using
1888:"The 6 best photo editing apps for iPhone and Android in 2024"
723:"Cole Rise Is the Reason There's a "Rise" Filter on Instagram"
1961:"Photo Filters Help Lure Viewers and Clicks on Social Media"
564:
Filters are most commonly applied to self-taken portraits ("
351:
Application of virtual makeup, such as lipstick or eyeshadow
883:"State of the Art: Instagram Goes Beyond Its Gauzy Filters"
748:"Patrick Levy-Rosenthal - The Inventor Behind Virtual Lens"
442:
Animated filters gained popularity from 2015 to 2016, when
335:
Smoothing skin texture; minimizing fine lines and blemishes
1521:"When Did We Become So Obsessed With Being 'Symmetrical'?"
1158:"Why won't TikTok confirm the Bold Glamour filter is AI?"
1025:"Snapchat Acquires Looksery To Power Its Animated Lenses"
257:, or implemented through standalone applications such as
1994:"Why We Filter Our Photos and How It Impacts Engagement"
1863:
1459:"Is that really me? The ugly truth about beauty filters"
1437:"Is that really me? The ugly truth about beauty filters"
1133:"TikTok launches AR development platform, Effect House"
27:
Effects used to alter the appearance of a digital image
797:"Some Instagram Users Unhappy Over Changes to Filters"
1840:"16 Brilliant Benefits of Branded AR Filters In 2024"
635:, while 76% of Snapchat users were using them daily.
378:") onto photos featuring the subject's bare stomach.
1183:"TikTok's latest feature lets users make AR filters"
494:'s Try-Before-You-Buy Snapchat lens, and many more.
462:. Brands leverage the features on platforms such as
172:
the same on the Snapchat application. In April 2022,
1690:"Selfies—Living in the Era of Filtered Photographs"
624:social scope and are dependent on self-appearance.
446:introduced animated lenses such as the dog filter,
331:Typical changes applied by beauty filters include:
1688:
1644:
245:Filters may be included as a built-in feature of
1362:
1360:
904:"Why My Instagram Photos Look Better Than Yours"
2092:"The big picture in the entire AR-filter craze"
304:and, before that, analogue techniques such as
8:
1682:
1680:
1452:
1450:
212:A photograph of Knowledge (XXG) co-founder
77:—are often used to alter the appearance of
1942:"What Does It Mean to 'Yassify' Anything?"
1430:
1428:
1426:
820:Van Grove, Jennifer (September 20, 2011).
61:. They initially simulated the effects of
2066:
2009:
1924:
1763:
1753:
1257:"Introducing the Spark AR Creator Awards"
110:. It gave rise to a dramatic increase in
1738:"Is "Snapchat Dysmorphia" a Real Issue?"
1638:
1636:
160:released April 2016 was a popular early
57:are digital image effects often used on
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
850:"Opinion | A Wordnado of Words in 2013"
660:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
993:
991:
382:Reception & Psychological effects
65:, and they have since developed with
7:
1552:Network, The Learning (2022-03-31).
721:Rudulph, Heather Wood (2015-06-08).
666:
664:
450:, Puke Rainbows, Scary, Heart Eyes.
1940:O'Neill, Shane (24 November 2021).
1457:Boseley, Matilda (1 January 2022).
1435:Boseley, Matilda (1 January 2022).
1794:Ryan-Mosley, Tate (2 April 2021).
1476:Ryan-Mosley, Tate (2 April 2021).
1373:IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine
1050:"Yes, Coachella Is Still Going On"
401:on social media tend to highlight
272:users pointed out how the default
73:. Social media filters—especially
69:technology and computer-generated
25:
1232:"Top 10 Spark AR Effects of 2020"
1367:Corcoran, Peter (October 2014).
1331:Schwedel, Heather (2023-03-15).
421:" was coined by cosmetic doctor
202:
193:
38:taken by a man using an "I love
1643:Shein, Esther (November 2021).
1519:Garelick, Rhonda (2022-08-23).
881:Manjoo, Farhad (June 3, 2014).
586:Georgia Institute of Technology
369:Increasing fullness of the lips
106:—the first iPhone model with a
1959:Heyman, Stephen (2015-06-25).
1864:"Brilliant AR Filters | Gloam"
1838:Raffaelli, Paul (2021-07-15).
1411:Hunt, Ellen (1 January 2019).
1281:Digital, Máxima (2022-01-02).
102:In 2010, Apple introduced the
1:
1926:10.1080/1472586X.2024.2341296
1813:Constine, Josh (2015-09-15).
1106:Constine, Josh (2017-12-14).
1081:Constine, Josh (2017-04-18).
1023:Constine, Josh (2015-09-15).
998:Constine, Josh (2015-09-15).
941:10.1080/10304312.2020.1827370
902:Stern, Joanna (20 May 2014).
848:Barrett, Grant (2013-12-21).
795:Zhang, Michael (2011-09-29).
238:in real time, to enhance the
42:" social media camera filter.
2051:10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0328
1707:10.1001/jamafacial.2018.0486
1048:Rogers, Katie (2016-04-22).
397:It has also been noted that
288:, particularly among girls.
2141:Facial recognition software
2039:JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery
1911:Miller, L.A. (2024-02-05).
1736:Ramphul, Kamleshun (2018).
1695:JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery
1615:"The Age of Instagram Face"
1131:Perez, Sarah (2022-04-12).
696:Luke Johnson (2017-01-15).
490:'s basketball game filter,
354:Slimming the face; erasing
2167:
673:"The Return of the Selfie"
671:Losse, Kate (2013-05-31).
615:. In contrast, the use of
216:before and after applying
1651:Communications of the ACM
1289:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
772:"US Patent 20070242066A1"
746:Levy-Rosenthal, Patrick.
2011:10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14622
1381:10.1109/MCE.2014.2338573
1181:Sato, Mia (2023-11-16).
1156:Sato, Mia (2023-03-02).
650:Body dysmorphic disorder
603:), along with Snapchat,
388:body dysmorphic disorder
240:physical attractiveness
1646:"Filtering for Beauty"
298:manipulation of photos
99:
51:
43:
1312:MIT Technology Review
1207:"A Meta Spark Update"
407:body image insecurity
97:
49:
33:
482:shade match filter,
394:the filter applied.
232:to still photographs
230:is a filter applied
2126:Digital photography
1755:10.7759/cureus.2263
908:Wall Street Journal
419:Snapchat dysmorphia
413:Cosmetic procedures
286:negative body image
274:front-facing camera
2096:The Economic Times
1965:The New York Times
1558:The New York Times
1525:The New York Times
1054:The New York Times
888:The New York Times
854:The New York Times
492:Google Pixel Watch
366:Narrowing the nose
360:Enlarging the eyes
154:facial recognition
140:started releasing
100:
67:facial recognition
52:
44:
2136:Augmented reality
2090:Bhatt, Shephali.
1800:Technology Review
1482:Technology Review
1333:"Face or Filter?"
540:augmented reality
460:augmented reality
346:naso-labial lines
162:augmented reality
71:augmented reality
16:(Redirected from
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613:cosmetic surgery
448:Coachella filter
438:Animated Filters
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158:Coachella filter
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