828:
280:
823:
people with bedwetting. A major benefit is the reduced stress on both the bedwetter and caregivers. Wearing diapers can be especially beneficial for bedwetting children wishing to attend sleepovers or campouts, reducing emotional problems caused by social isolation and/or embarrassment in front of peers. According to a study of one adult with severe disabilities, extended diaper usage may interfere with learning to stay dry.
774:, the hormone that reduces urine production during sleep. Desmopressin is usually used in the form of desmopressin acetate, DDAVP. Patients taking DDAVP are 4.5 times more likely to stay dry than those taking a placebo. The drug replaces the hormone for that night with no cumulative effect. US drug regulators have banned using desmopressin nasal sprays for treating bedwetting since the oral form is considered safer.
60:
744:
initiated by setting up a diary or chart to monitor progress and establishing a system to reward the child for each night that they are dry. The child should participate in morning cleanup as a natural, nonpunitive consequence of wetting. This method is particularly helpful in younger children (<8 years) and will achieve dryness in 15-20% of the patients.
611:
enough for patients with complaints of nocturia and frequency only. If other symptoms are also present then a detailed bladder diary must be maintained. In a bladder diary, times of micturition and voided volume, incontinence episodes, pad usage, and other information such as fluid intake, the degree of urgency, and the degree of incontinence are recorded.
531:, either by starting the training when the child is too young or by being too forceful. Recent research has shown more mixed results and a connection to toilet training has not been proven or disproven. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, more child abuse occurs during potty training than in any other developmental stage.
622:
defect, such as a dimple, hair tuft, or skin discoloration, might be visible in approximately 50% of patients with an intraspinal lesion. Thorough neurologic examination of the lower extremities, including gait, muscle power, tone, sensation, reflexes, and plantar responses should be done during first visit.
822:
can reduce embarrassment for bedwetters and make cleanup easier for caregivers. These products are known as training pants or diapers when used for younger children, and as absorbent underwear or incontinence briefs when marketed for older children and adults. Some diapers are marketed especially for
777:
DDAVP is most efficient in children with nocturnal polyuria (nocturnal urine production greater than 130% of expected bladder capacity for age) and normal bladder reservoir function (maximum voided volume greater than 70% of expected bladder capacity for age). Other children who are likely candidates
491:
can lead to bedwetting. During sleepwalking, the sleepwalker may think they are in another room. When the sleepwalker urinates during a sleepwalking episode, they usually think they are in the bathroom, and therefore urinate where they think the toilet should be. Cases of this have included opening a
631:
Nocturnal urinary continence is dependent on three factors: 1) nocturnal urine production, 2) nocturnal bladder function and 3) sleep and arousal mechanisms. Any child will experience nocturnal enuresis if more urine is produced than can be contained in the bladder or if the detrusor is hyperactive,
592:
The typical development process begins with one- and two-year-old children developing larger bladders and beginning to sense bladder fullness. Two- and three-year-old children begin to stay dry during the day. Four- and five-year-olds develop an adult pattern of urinary control and begin to stay dry
350:
Bedwetting can be connected to past emotions and identity. Children under substantial stress, particularly in their home environment, frequently engage in bedwetting, in order to alleviate the stress produced by their surroundings. Trauma can also trigger a return to bedwetting (secondary enuresis)
262:
Parents and family members are frequently stressed by a child's bedwetting. Soiled linens and clothing cause additional laundry. Wetting episodes can cause lost sleep if the child wakes and/or cries, waking the parents. A European study estimated that a family with a child who wets nightly will pay
640:
Primary nocturnal enuresis is the most common form of bedwetting. Bedwetting becomes a disorder when it persists after the age at which bladder control usually occurs (4–7 years), and is either resulting in an average of at least two wet nights a week with no long periods of dryness or not able to
621:
Each child should be examined physically at least once at the beginning of treatment. A full pediatric and neurological exam is recommended. Measurement of blood pressure is important to rule out any renal pathology. External genitalia and lumbosacral spine should be examined thoroughly. A spinal
610:
People are asked to observe, record and measure when and how much their child voids and drinks, as well as associated symptoms. A voiding diary in the form of a frequency volume chart records voided volume along with the time of each micturition for at least 24 hours. The frequency volume chart is
221:
Studies indicate that children with behavioral problems are more likely to wet their beds. For children who have developmental problems, the behavioral problems and the bedwetting are frequently part of/caused by the developmental issues. For bedwetting children without other developmental issues,
853:
Star chart: A star chart allows a child and parents to track dry nights, as a record and/or as part of a reward program. This can be done either alone or with other treatments. There is no research to show effectiveness, either in reducing bedwetting or in helping self-esteem. Some psychologists,
747:
Waiting: Almost all children will outgrow bedwetting. For this reason, urologists and pediatricians frequently recommend delaying treatment until the child is at least six or seven years old. Physicians may begin treatment earlier if they perceive the condition is damaging the child's self-esteem
743:
Motivational therapy in nocturnal enuresis mainly involves parent and child education. Guilt should be allayed by providing facts. Fluids should be restricted 2 hours prior to bed. The child should be encouraged to empty the bladder completely prior to going to bed. Positive reinforcement can be
177:
A review of medical literature shows doctors consistently stressing that a bedwetting child is not at fault for the situation. Many medical studies state that the psychological impacts of bedwetting are more important than the physical considerations. "It is often the child's and family members'
233:
Medical literature states, and studies show, that punishing or shaming a child for bedwetting will frequently make the situation worse. It is best described as a downward cycle, where a child punished for bedwetting feels shame and a loss of self-confidence. This can cause increased bedwetting
763:. These alarms are considered more effective than no treatment and may have a lower risk of adverse events than some medical therapies but it is still uncertain if alarms are more effective than other treatments. There may be a 29% to 69% relapse rate, so the treatment may need to be repeated.
509:
is a leading cause for nocturnal enuresis among adults. Alcohol suppresses the production of anti diuretic hormones and irritates the detrusor muscle in the bladder. These factors, paired with the large amount of fluid ingested, particularly during binge drinking sessions or when paired with
237:
In the United States, about 25% of enuretic children are punished for wetting the bed. In Hong Kong, 57% of enuretic children are punished for wetting. Parents with only a grade-school level education punish bedwetting children at twice the rate of high-school- and college-educated parents.
871:
Studies of bedwetting in adults have found varying rates. The most quoted study in this area was done in the
Netherlands. It found a 0.5% rate for 20- to 79-year-olds. A Hong Kong study, however, found a much higher rate. The Hong Kong researchers found a bedwetting rate of 2.3% in 16- to
906:"Urinating in bed is frequently predisposed by deep sleep: when urine begins to flow, its inner nature and hidden will (resembling the will to breathe) drives urine out before the child awakes. When children become stronger and more robust, their sleep is lighter and they stop urinating."
910:
Psychological theory through the 1960s placed much greater focus on the possibility that a bedwetting child might be acting out, purposefully striking back against parents by soiling linens and bedding. However, more recent research and medical literature states that this is very rare.
703:
There are a number of management options for bedwetting. The following options apply when the bedwetting is not caused by a specifically identifiable medical condition such as a bladder abnormality or diabetes. Treatment is recommended when there is a specific medical condition such as
366:
of NE is not fully understood, although there are three common causes: excessive urine volume, poor sleep arousal, and bladder contractions. Differentiation of cause is mainly based on patient history and fluid charts completed by the parent or carer to inform management options.
867:
As can be seen from the numbers above, a portion of bedwetting children will not outgrow the problem. Adult rates of bedwetting show little change due to spontaneous cure. Persons who are still enuretic at age 17 are likely to deal with bedwetting throughout their lives.
2089:
863:
Doctors frequently consider bedwetting as a self-limiting problem, since most children will outgrow it. Children 5 to 9 years old have a spontaneous cure rate of 14% per year. Adolescents 10 to 18 years old have a spontaneous cure rate of 16% per year.
727:
Parents become concerned much earlier than doctors. A study in 1980 asked parents and physicians the age that children should stay dry at night. The average parent response was 2.75 years old, while the average physician response was 5.13 years old.
888:"Innocent children often, when they are bound up by sleep, believe they are raising up their clothing by a latrine or shallow pot; they pour out the urine from their whole body, and the Babylonian bedding with its magnificent splendor is soaked."
189:
Children questioned in one study ranked bedwetting as the third most stressful life event, after "parental war of words", divorce and parental fighting. Adolescents in the same study ranked bedwetting as tied for second with parental fighting.
374:
These first two factors (aetiology and genetic component) are the most common in bedwetting, but current medical technology offers no easy testing for either cause. There is no test to prove that bedwetting is only a developmental delay, and
3609:
3590:
582:'s urine output well into the night so that the bladder does not get full until morning. This hormone cycle is not present at birth. Many children develop it between the ages of two and six years old, others between six and the end of
537:
are reputed to be a potent diuretic, and anecdotal reports and folk wisdom say children who handle them can end up wetting the bed. English folk names for the plant are "peebeds" and "pissabeds". In French the dandelion is called
495:
Stress is a cause of people who return to wetting the bed. Researchers find that moving to a new town, parent conflict or divorce, arrival of a new baby, or loss of a loved one or pet can cause insecurity, contributing to returning
3056:
Neveus T, Eggert P, Evans J, Macedo A, Rittig S, Tekgül S, et al. (February 2010). "Evaluation of and treatment for monosymptomatic enuresis: a standardization document from the
International Children's Continence Society".
2085:
253:
on their head and sent to ask their neighbors for salt. This is motivated in part by a desire to publicly embarrass the child into compliance, as neighbors would recognize why the child was knocking on their door.
526:
Improper toilet training is another disputed cause of bedwetting. This theory was more widely supported in the last century and is still cited by some authors today. Some say bedwetting can be caused by improper
370:
Bedwetting has a strong genetic component. Children whose parents were not enuretic have only a 15% incidence of bedwetting. When one or both parents were bedwetters, the rates jump to 44% and 77% respectively.
849:
Dry bed training: Dry bed training is frequently waking the child at night. Studies show this training is ineffective by itself and does not increase the success rate when used in conjunction with a bedwetting
687:, defining nocturnal enuresis as repeated urination into bed or clothes, occurring twice per week or more for at least three consecutive months in a child of at least 5 years of age and not due to either a
658:
Some researchers, however, recommend a different starting age range. This guidance says that bedwetting can be considered a clinical problem if the child regularly wets the bed after turning 7 years old.
502:
can first present as nocturnal enuresis. It is classically associated with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia; weight loss, lethargy, and diaper candidiasis may also be present in those with new-onset
997:
778:
for desmopressin treatment are those in whom alarm therapy has failed or those considered unlikely to comply with alarm therapy. It can be very useful for summer camp and sleepovers to prevent enuresis.
166:. Treatment guidelines recommend that the physician counsel the parents, warning about psychological consequences caused by pressure, shaming, or punishment for a condition children cannot control.
683:
Psychologists are usually allowed to diagnose and write a prescription for diapers if nocturnal enuresis causes the patient significant distress. Psychiatists may instead use a definition from the
589:
The second ability that helps people stay dry is waking when the bladder is full. This ability develops in the same age range as the vasopressin hormone, but is separate from that hormone cycle.
4983:
836:
Waterproof mattress pads are used in some cases to ease clean-up of bedwetting incidents, however they only protect the mattress, and the sheets, bedding or sleeping partner may be soiled.
382:
In some bedwetting children there is no increase in ADH (antidiuretic hormone) production, while other children may produce an increased amount of ADH but their response is insufficient.
193:
Bedwetters face problems ranging from being teased by siblings, being punished by parents, the embarrassment of still having to wear diapers, and being afraid that friends will find out.
4182:
1985:
3289:
720:
or relationships with family/friends. Only a small percentage of bedwetting is caused by a specific medical condition, so most treatment is prompted by concern for the child's
127:—not an emotional problem or physical illness. Only a small percentage (5 to 10%) of bedwetting cases have a specific medical cause. Bedwetting is commonly associated with a
2186:
379:
offers little or no benefit. As a result, other conditions should be ruled out. The following causes are less common, but are easier to prove and more clearly treated:
5216:
4976:
2573:
792:
properties have been proven successful in treating bedwetting, but also have an increased risk of side effects, including death from overdose. These drugs include
601:
Thorough history regarding frequency of bedwetting, any period of dryness in between, associated daytime symptoms, constipation, and encopresis should be sought.
186:
Whether bedwetting causes low self-esteem remains a subject of debate, but several studies have found that self-esteem improved with management of the condition.
436:
Patients with more severe neurological-developmental issues have a higher rate of bedwetting problems. One study of seven-year-olds showed that "handicapped and
196:
Psychologists report that the amount of psychological harm depends on whether the bedwetting harms self-esteem or development of social skills. Key factors are:
989:
827:
1398:
Haque M, Ellerstein NS, Gundy JH, Shelov SP, Weiss JC, McIntire MS, et al. (September 1981). "Parental perceptions of enuresis. A collaborative study".
5231:
1882:
4969:
4654:
4610:
3713:
2699:
Shelov SP, Gundy J, Weiss JC, McIntire MS, Olness K, Staub HP, et al. (May 1981). "Enuresis: a contrast of attitudes of parents and physicians".
354:
It is not bedwetting that increases the chance of criminal behavior, but the associated trauma. Parental cruelty can result in "homicidal proneness".
3162:
4469:
4086:
3899:
387:
5167:
3879:
3242:
Bower WF, Diao M, Tang JL, Yeung CK (2005). "Acupuncture for nocturnal enuresis in children: a systematic review and exploration of rationale".
4205:
3521:
846:
Acupuncture: While acupuncture is safe in most adolescents, studies done to assess its effectiveness for nocturnal enuresis are of low quality.
1977:
3433:
1655:
2271:
1956:
1322:
1188:
1525:
3546:
4666:
3814:
1911:
3293:
1105:
3916:
3891:
3726:
4420:
4702:
4522:
3505:
1699:
1445:
2086:"PANDAS: Frequently Asked Questions about Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections"
651:
from a poor diet can result in impacted stool in the colon putting undue pressure on the bladder creating loss of bladder control (
225:
As mentioned below, current studies show that it is very rare for a child to intentionally wet the bed as a method of acting out.
4794:
4031:
4002:
3943:
675:
to night-time wetting. Secondary enuresis can be caused by emotional stress or a medical condition, such as a bladder infection.
337:. Macdonald suggested that there was an association between a person displaying all three characteristics, then later displaying
2238:
1147:
Being a Half-yearly
Journal Containing a Retrospective View of Every Discovery and Practical Improvement in the Medical Sciences
5020:
4036:
3831:
3756:
124:
4474:
4445:
3706:
2190:
415:. Often such children defecate normally, yet they retain a significant mass of material in the bowel which causes bedwetting.
4215:
2587:
3933:
3909:
2817:
Jain S, Bhatt GC (February 2016). "Advances in the management of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children".
563:
is full. Children usually achieve nighttime dryness by developing one or both of these abilities. There appear to be some
326:
2860:
Doleys DM (January 1977). "Behavioral treatments for nocturnal enuresis in children: a review of the recent literature".
440:
children" had a bedwetting rate almost three times higher than "non-handicapped children" (26.6% vs. 9.5%, respectively).
5130:
4878:
4415:
3948:
3793:
2565:
4936:
3354:
2316:
2302:
4123:
3921:
1164:
Cook DE, Monro IS, West DH (1945). "Standard
Catalog for Public Libraries: 1941-1945 supplement to the 1940 edition".
155:
1213:
116:
control usually begins. Bedwetting in children and adults can result in emotional stress. Complications can include
4873:
3788:
2334:
von
Gontard A, Schaumburg H, Hollmann E, Eiberg H, Rittig S (December 2001). "The genetics of enuresis: a review".
2007:
Järvelin MR, Vikeväinen-Tervonen L, Moilanen I, Huttunen NP (January 1988). "Enuresis in seven-year-old children".
321:, as long as caregivers do not cause trauma by shaming or punishing a bedwetting child. Bedwetting was part of the
289:
4883:
4852:
4230:
4113:
3699:
128:
4007:
3092:
Janknegt RA, Smans AJ (November 1990). "Treatment with desmopressin in severe nocturnal enuresis in childhood".
1886:
1574:
5236:
5226:
4931:
4847:
4842:
4539:
4502:
4494:
4312:
4281:
4022:
3628:
1234:
Butler RJ, Holland P (August 2000). "The three systems: a conceptual way of understanding nocturnal enuresis".
782:
739:
Simple behavioral methods are recommended as initial treatment. Other treatment methods include the following:
499:
117:
574:
cycle that reduces the body's urine production. At about sunset each day, the body releases a minute burst of
1072:
4868:
4375:
4225:
4220:
4177:
3994:
2129:
1374:
1287:
437:
430:
2435:
5152:
4746:
4385:
4276:
4235:
4210:
4118:
3169:
756:
523:
may be part of the cause for some patients. This link is not well established, requiring further research.
429:. Less than 5% of all bedwetting cases are caused by infection or disease, the most common of which is a
266:
Despite these stressful effects, doctors emphasize that parents should react patiently and supportively.
5081:
4941:
4674:
4554:
4461:
4440:
2914:
Martin B, Kubly D (February 1955). "Results of treatment of enuresis by a conditioned response method".
898:
652:
162:. Since most bedwetting is simply a developmental delay, most treatment plans aim to protect or improve
724:
welfare. Behavioral treatment of bedwetting overall tends to show increased self-esteem for children.
5041:
4766:
4679:
4435:
4255:
3856:
3836:
1679:. California Bureau of Juvenile Research, Whittier State School, Department of Research: 41–55. 1919.
804:. Studies find that patients using these drugs are 4.2 times as likely to stay dry as those taking a
542:, which means "piss in bed"; likewise "piscialletto", an Italian folkname, and "meacamas" in Spanish.
506:
105:
4961:
3525:
1467:
5221:
5071:
5066:
5056:
4816:
4798:
4761:
4751:
4605:
4507:
4484:
4332:
4324:
4103:
4081:
3809:
3613:
159:
2785:"Token reinforcement in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis: A case study and six month follow-up"
492:
closet and urinating in it; urinating on the sofa, and simply urinating in the middle of the room.
5211:
5145:
5076:
4992:
4689:
4479:
4076:
3928:
3497:
3466:
3404:
3267:
2842:
2724:
2263:
2168:
2032:
1766:
1613:
1499:
1259:
925:
2143:
Mungan NA, Seckiner I, Yesilli C, Akduman B, Tekin IO (2005). "Nocturnal enuresis and allergy".
1952:
1314:
1184:
2895:
Josephus
Robinson W (1922). "Married Life and Happiness Or, Love and Comfort in Marriage ...".
2464:. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions.
1791:"Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with enuresis"
1517:
344:
Up to 60% of multiple murderers, according to some estimates, wet their beds post-adolescence.
5088:
4725:
4250:
4240:
4172:
4098:
3982:
3668:
3639:
3550:
3501:
3474:
3429:
3396:
3346:
3259:
3224:
3144:
3109:
3074:
3038:
2980:
2931:
2877:
2834:
2765:
2716:
2635:
2547:
2506:
2416:
2398:
2359:
2351:
2160:
2067:
2050:
Butler RJ (December 2004). "Childhood nocturnal enuresis: developing a conceptual framework".
2024:
1907:
1861:
1812:
1695:
1651:
1605:
1597:
1491:
1415:
1251:
968:
854:
however, recommend star charts as a way to celebrate successes and help a child's self-esteem.
785:
692:
263:
about $ 1,000 a year for additional laundry, extra sheets, diapers, and mattress replacement.
206:(Perceived) Anger, punishment, refusal and rejection by caregivers along with subsequent guilt
147:
72:
1789:
Fritz G, Rockney R, Bernet W, Arnold V, Beitchman J, Benson RS, et al. (December 2004).
222:
these behavioral issues can result from self-esteem issues and stress caused by the wetting.
5246:
5051:
5025:
4595:
4549:
4517:
4365:
4343:
4308:
4071:
3953:
3904:
3851:
3826:
3821:
3778:
3766:
3458:
3386:
3251:
3214:
3206:
3136:
3101:
3066:
3028:
3020:
2970:
2962:
2923:
2869:
2826:
2796:
2755:
2708:
2662:
2625:
2537:
2496:
2488:
2406:
2390:
2343:
2220:
2152:
2059:
2016:
1851:
1843:
1802:
1758:
1731:
1589:
1555:
1483:
1407:
1243:
958:
752:
671:
a patient goes through an extended period of dryness at night (six months or more) and then
250:
151:
5180:
5140:
4771:
4729:
4600:
4587:
4534:
4529:
4512:
4392:
4187:
4159:
3960:
3783:
3722:
1101:
881:
789:
760:
528:
426:
376:
322:
143:
nocturnal enuresis is when a child or adult begins wetting again after having stayed dry.
5190:
5185:
4821:
1433:
1411:
947:"Cases from the Surgical Clinic of the Philadelphia Hospital: Service of Professor Gross"
963:
946:
296:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5241:
4996:
4756:
4697:
4621:
4430:
4397:
4380:
4370:
3622:
3219:
3194:
3105:
3033:
3008:
2975:
2950:
2501:
2476:
2411:
2378:
2224:
2020:
1856:
1831:
1807:
1790:
1762:
644:
New studies show that anti-psychotic drugs can have a side effect of causing enuresis.
3618:
1346:
386:
People with reported bedwetting issues are 2.7 times more likely to be diagnosed with
5205:
4790:
4741:
4059:
3391:
3374:
2800:
2347:
2242:
1932:
Medical
Association T (1910). "Texas State Journal of Medicine, Volume 5, Issue 12".
1770:
1617:
1503:
801:
793:
459:. Bedwetting can also be a symptom of a pediatric neuropsychological disorder called
3691:
3408:
3271:
3127:
Robson WL (April 2009). "Clinical practice. Evaluation and management of enuresis".
2846:
2728:
2172:
2036:
1263:
4644:
4425:
3977:
2966:
2830:
2760:
2743:
2211:
Mowrer OH, Mowrer WM (July 1938). "Enuresis—a method for its study and treatment".
1955:. Department of Pediatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine.
1187:. Department of Pediatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine.
767:
648:
520:
488:
444:
404:
334:
330:
3679:
990:"Definition & Facts for Bladder Control Problems & Bedwetting in Children"
3633:
3423:
3373:
Nappo S, Del Gado R, Chiozza ML, Biraghi M, Ferrara P, Caione P (December 2002).
3210:
2591:
5175:
5015:
4629:
4360:
4091:
3841:
3663:
2297:
771:
717:
688:
575:
466:
338:
318:
163:
33:
3070:
2784:
1247:
1166:
Standard
Catalog for Public Libraries: Supplement... 1941-, H.W. Wilson Company
4946:
4639:
4544:
4245:
3970:
3965:
3761:
3644:
3599:
3024:
2873:
2630:
2614:"Empirically supported treatments in pediatric psychology: nocturnal enuresis"
2613:
2542:
2525:
2492:
2156:
2063:
1487:
797:
564:
200:
How much the bedwetting limits social activities like sleep-overs and campouts
81:
77:
2436:"Use of a voiding diary in the evaluation of overactive bladder and nocturia"
2402:
2355:
1832:"Antidiuretic hormone regulation in patients with primary nocturnal enuresis"
1735:
1719:
1601:
1593:
1495:
1021:
A Practical
Treatise on the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Spermatorrhoea
632:
provided that he or she is not awakened by the imminent bladder contraction.
4899:
4831:
4649:
4108:
3846:
3771:
3674:
3603:
3334:
2394:
2320:
2292:
831:
Plastic pants suitable for nocturnal enuresis in larger child or small adult
709:
578:(also known as arginine vasopressin or AVP). This hormone burst reduces the
534:
3478:
3400:
3350:
3263:
3228:
3148:
3078:
3042:
2984:
2935:
2838:
2769:
2653:
Friman PC, Jones KM (2005). "Behavioral treatment for nocturnal enuresis".
2639:
2551:
2510:
2420:
2363:
2164:
2071:
1816:
1609:
1255:
972:
59:
17:
3195:"Safety and efficacy of acupuncture in children: a review of the evidence"
3140:
3113:
2720:
2712:
2028:
1865:
1559:
1419:
1209:
5135:
5114:
5104:
5046:
4634:
4304:
4271:
4197:
3163:"Extended Diaper Wearing: Effects on Continence in and Out of the Diaper"
2881:
1847:
920:
893:
713:
482:
448:
393:
363:
132:
1434:"Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: Patient Attitudes and Parental Perceptions"
178:
reaction to bedwetting that determines whether it is a problem or not."
5010:
805:
705:
583:
571:
560:
552:
478:
474:
412:
113:
85:
3582:
3470:
3255:
2949:
Caldwell PH, Codarini M, Stewart F, Hahn D, Sureshkumar P (May 2020).
2241:. University of Illinois Medical Center:Health Library. Archived from
1885:. National Library for Health, National Health Service. Archived from
892:
An early psychological perspective on bedwetting was given in 1025 by
880:
In the first century B.C., at lines 1026-29 of the fourth book of his
5157:
5109:
4352:
4167:
3594:
2927:
2744:"Simple behavioural interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children"
2680:
Forrest J (1880). MD TW, MD TG (eds.). "Cincinnati
Medical Advance".
2666:
819:
684:
579:
470:
460:
408:
1575:"Not the Sum of Its Parts: A Critical Review of the MacDonald Triad"
3462:
2590:. University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine. Archived from
1145:
Adee D (1843). "The Retrospect of Practical Medicine and Surgery".
559:
production at night. The second is the ability to wake up when the
4130:
2477:"Nocturnal enuresis-theoretic background and practical guidelines"
1795:
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
1080:
826:
808:. The relapse rates after stopping the medicines are close to 50%.
556:
397:
249:, there is a folk tradition whereby bedwetters are made to wear a
246:
242:
109:
1713:
1711:
1370:
1283:
994:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
755:
which sound a loud tone when they sense moisture. This can help
4965:
4920:
4788:
4723:
4575:
4302:
4147:
4057:
3877:
3738:
3695:
1883:"CKS: Enuresis — nocturnal – In depth – Background information"
641:
sleep dry without being taken to the toilet by another person.
510:
caffeinated drinks, can lead to episodes of nocturnal enuresis.
2897:
Married Life and Happiness or, Love and Comfort in Marriage ..
1038:. the University of California: Richard Phillips. p. 456.
731:
Punishment is not effective and can interfere with treatment.
273:
139:
when a child has not yet had a prolonged period of being dry.
1128:
Clinical Medicine Lectures Delivered at the Hôtel-Dieu, Paris
716:. It is also considered when bedwetting may harm the child's
67:
Urine mark on bedding caused by a nocturnal enuresis episode.
3375:"Nocturnal enuresis in the adolescent: a neglected problem"
2130:"Adults + Booze = Bedwetting? Here's Why It Happens to You"
1908:"MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Urination – bed wetting"
2903:. University of Chicago: Eugenics Publishing Company: 167.
1953:"Case Based Pediatrics For Medical Students and Residents"
1185:"Case Based Pediatrics For Medical Students and Residents"
884:, Lucretius gave a high-style description of bed-wetting:
647:
It has been shown that diet impacts enuresis in children.
551:
Two physical functions prevent bedwetting. The first is a
1650:. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 101.
455:(a return to bedwetting), but are very rarely a cause of
325:, a set of three behavioral characteristics described by
3449:
Brown RD (1994). "The Bed-Wetters in Lucretius 4.1026".
2951:"Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children"
2462:
IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health
418:
Infections and disease are more strongly connected with
53:
Nighttime urinary incontinence, sleepwetting, bedwetting
2789:
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
2110:
Lewis D (1909). "Medical Review of Reviews Volume 15".
3168:. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. Archived from
1019:
Lallemand F, McDougall HJ (1853). McDougall HJ (ed.).
751:
Bedwetting alarms: Physicians also frequently suggest
2742:
Caldwell PH, Nankivell G, Sureshkumar P (July 2013).
2434:
Wang CC, Chen JJ, Peng CH, Huang CH, Wang CL (2008).
1877:
1875:
1023:. Harvard University: Blanchard and Lea. p. 231.
3572:
2688:. Cincinnati Medical Advance: J.E. Forrest: 347–348.
2655:
Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention
1470:[Korean Bedwetter and East Asian Folklore].
5166:
5123:
5097:
5034:
5003:
4892:
4861:
4830:
4809:
4688:
4665:
4619:
4586:
4493:
4460:
4408:
4351:
4342:
4323:
4264:
4196:
4158:
4018:
3993:
3890:
3802:
3749:
3654:
3576:
2460:Von Gontard A (2012). "Enuresis". In Rey JM (ed.).
1347:"Psychology Today's Diagnosis Dictionary: Enuresis"
234:incidents, leading to more punishment and shaming.
169:Bedwetting is the most common childhood complaint.
71:
49:
44:
2526:"Nocturnal enuresis with antipsychotic medication"
3009:"Evidence based management of nocturnal enuresis"
473:obstruction has been associated with bedwetting.
452:
443:Psychological issues (e.g., death in the family,
419:
292:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
1308:
1306:
1304:
347:Enuresis is an "unconscious, involuntary act".
456:
3547:"Many Older Children Struggle With Bedwetting"
3283:
3281:
2145:Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
2118:. Austin Flint Association, Incorporated: 748.
1236:Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
4977:
3707:
2812:
2810:
2524:Barnes TR, Drake MJ, Paton C (January 2012).
1341:
1339:
759:the child to wake at the sensation of a full
485:are a sign of potential sleep apnea problems.
8:
2189:. Cedars-Sinai Health System. Archived from
1940:(12). Texas Medical Association., 1910: 433.
1393:
1391:
984:
982:
951:The North American Medico-chirurgical Review
329:in 1963. The other two characteristics were
2955:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2748:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2443:Incontinence & Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
1784:
1782:
1780:
1671:"The Journal of Delinquency, Volumes 4-5".
1546:Macdonald JM (1963). "The threat to kill".
1104:. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne.
203:The degree of the social ostracism by peers
4984:
4970:
4962:
4917:
4806:
4785:
4720:
4611:Other specified feeding or eating disorder
4583:
4572:
4348:
4320:
4299:
4155:
4144:
4054:
3887:
3874:
3746:
3735:
3714:
3700:
3692:
3573:
3549:. MUSC Children's Hospital. Archived from
2819:Paediatrics and International Child Health
2379:"Management of primary nocturnal enuresis"
1315:"Helping Children with Nocturnal Enuresis"
1036:The first lines of the practice of surgery
770:) tablets are a synthetic replacement for
317:indicate a greater possibility of being a
58:
41:
3390:
3218:
3032:
2974:
2759:
2629:
2541:
2500:
2410:
1855:
1806:
1126:Trousseau A (1882). "Clinical Medicine".
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
962:
748:and/or relationships with family/friends.
4874:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
4470:Depersonalization-derealization disorder
3492:Golbin AZ, Kravitz HM, Keith LG (2004).
3385:(9). British Journal of Urology: 912–7.
3199:Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
2624:(4): 193–214, discussion 215–8, 219–24.
2264:"Dandelions:time to throw in the trowel"
1400:American Journal of Diseases of Children
1286:. University of Florida IFAS Extension.
388:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
5217:Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood
3193:Jindal V, Ge A, Mansky PJ (June 2008).
1277:
1275:
1273:
937:
567:factors in how and when these develop.
209:The number of failed treatment attempts
3524:. rwjsurgery.umdnj.edu. Archived from
3451:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
3368:
3366:
3364:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
1633:Criminological and Forensic Psychology
1988:from the original on 22 February 2018
411:are full, it can put pressure on the
7:
3522:"Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-RWJMS"
1573:Parfitt CH, Alleyne E (April 2020).
1412:10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130330021007
1000:from the original on 25 October 2017
4577:Physiological and physical behavior
3129:The New England Journal of Medicine
2612:Mellon MW, McGrath ML (June 2000).
2213:American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
212:How long the child has been wetting
5232:Symptoms and signs: Urinary system
4523:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
3917:Emotional and behavioral disorders
3290:"Dry-bed training for bed-wetting"
3106:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1990.tb15005.x
2225:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1938.tb06395.x
2021:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10614.x
1830:Eggert P, Kühn B (December 1995).
1808:10.1097/01.chi.0000142196.41215.cc
1763:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1956.tb09699.x
1648:Serial Murderers and their Victims
27:Involuntary urination while asleep
25:
4703:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
3333:Makari J, Rushton HG (May 2006).
3314:Wood W (1918). "Medical Record".
2530:The British Journal of Psychiatry
1172:. H. W. Wilson Company, 1945: 18.
4003:X-linked intellectual disability
3392:10.1046/j.1464-410X.2002.03030.x
3357:from the original on 2007-09-29.
2916:Journal of Consulting Psychology
2576:from the original on 2014-05-17.
2348:10.1097/00005392-200112000-00117
2305:from the original on 2009-06-15.
1836:Archives of Disease in Childhood
1720:"Nocturnal enuresis in children"
1438:Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics
451:) are established as a cause of
407:can cause bed wetting. When the
278:
5021:Costovertebral angle tenderness
3832:Intermittent explosive disorder
3757:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
3292:. Yahoo! Health. Archived from
2618:Journal of Pediatric Psychology
2274:from the original on 2007-07-17
2092:from the original on 2010-05-27
1959:from the original on 2008-01-20
1934:Texas State Journal of Medicine
1914:from the original on 2007-06-09
1749:Hallgren B (1956). "Enuresis".
1528:from the original on 2008-02-02
1448:from the original on 2008-01-21
1377:from the original on 2009-09-22
1325:from the original on 2008-01-21
1290:from the original on 2008-01-19
1216:from the original on 2010-07-07
1191:from the original on 2010-05-30
1108:from the original on 2008-12-26
4475:Dissociative identity disorder
3740:Adult personality and behavior
2967:10.1002/14651858.CD002911.pub3
2831:10.1179/2046905515Y.0000000023
2761:10.1002/14651858.cd003637.pub3
2383:Paediatrics & Child Health
1751:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
32:For the Chris Brown song, see
1:
2187:"Allergies and Sensitivities"
2009:Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica
1978:"Bedwetting and Constipation"
351:in both children and adults.
5131:Lower urinary tract symptoms
4879:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
4416:Generalized anxiety disorder
4149:Neurological and symptomatic
3794:Sexual relationship disorder
3244:Neurourology and Urodynamics
3211:10.1097/MPH.0b013e318165b2cc
2801:10.1016/0005-7916(76)90051-3
1582:Trauma, Violence & Abuse
663:Secondary nocturnal enuresis
453:secondary nocturnal enuresis
131:of the condition. Nocturnal
4655:REM sleep behavior disorder
4124:Seasonal affective disorder
3922:Separation anxiety disorder
781:Tricyclic antidepressants:
158:, and even surgery such as
5263:
4922:Symptoms and uncategorized
4023:developmental disabilities
3789:Sexual maturation disorder
3094:British Journal of Urology
3071:10.1016/j.juro.2009.10.043
3007:Evans JH (November 2001).
2682:Cincinnati Medical Advance
2052:Clinical Psychology Review
1724:The Pharmaceutical Journal
1673:The Journal of Delinquency
1468:"한국 오줌싸개 치유에 대한 비교민속학적 고찰"
1248:10.1080/003655900750042022
667:Secondary enuresis occurs
636:Primary nocturnal enuresis
100:), also informally called
31:
4927:
4916:
4884:Simple-type schizophrenia
4853:Schizophreniform disorder
4805:
4784:
4737:
4719:
4582:
4571:
4319:
4298:
4231:Mild cognitive impairment
4216:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
4154:
4143:
4114:Major depressive disorder
4067:
4053:
4019:Psychological development
3886:
3873:
3745:
3734:
3339:American Family Physician
3025:10.1136/bmj.323.7322.1167
2874:10.1037/0033-2909.84.1.30
2543:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.095737
2493:10.1007/s00467-011-1762-8
2157:10.1080/00365590510007739
2112:Medical Review of Reviews
2064:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.001
1488:10.38078/ACF.2021.4.73.45
1282:Radunovich HL, Evans GD.
1134:. P. Blakiston, Son: 304.
229:Punishment for bedwetting
154:, to medication, such as
66:
57:
4932:Impulse-control disorder
4848:Schizoaffective disorder
4843:Brief reactive psychosis
4540:Mass psychogenic illness
4503:Body dysmorphic disorder
4282:Post-concussion syndrome
3892:Emotional and behavioral
2475:Nevéus T (August 2011).
2317:"Benefits of herbal tea"
1736:10.1211/pj.2015.20067378
1692:Encyclopedia of Violence
1594:10.1177/1524838018764164
783:Tricyclic antidepressant
679:Psychological definition
500:Type 1 diabetes mellitus
118:urinary tract infections
4869:Childhood schizophrenia
4221:Frontotemporal dementia
4178:High-functioning autism
3995:Intellectual disability
2631:10.1093/jpepsy/25.4.193
2377:Feldman M (2005–2012).
1718:Magura R (2015-01-05).
882:On the Nature of Things
586:, and some not at all.
570:The first ability is a
469:stemming from an upper
438:intellectually disabled
431:urinary tract infection
112:after the age at which
5153:Extravasation of urine
4386:Specific social phobia
4277:Organic brain syndrome
4119:Melancholic depression
3880:Childhood and learning
3059:The Journal of Urology
2862:Psychological Bulletin
2336:The Journal of Urology
945:Fischer E (May 1860).
832:
245:and in small parts of
146:Treatments range from
4942:Psychomotor agitation
4732:and substance-related
4675:Postpartum depression
4555:Somatization disorder
4441:Acute stress reaction
4206:AIDS dementia complex
3141:10.1056/nejmcp0808009
2713:10.1542/peds.67.5.707
2395:10.1093/pch/10.10.611
1560:10.1176/ajp.120.2.125
1319:www.nursingcenter.com
899:The Canon of Medicine
830:
653:overflow incontinence
123:Most bedwetting is a
106:involuntary urination
5042:Urinary incontinence
4937:Klüver–Bucy syndrome
4767:Substance dependence
4680:Postpartum psychosis
4226:Huntington's disease
4008:Lujan–Fryns syndrome
3857:Personality disorder
3335:"Nocturnal enuresis"
2566:"Nocturnal Enuresis"
2481:Pediatric Nephrology
1848:10.1136/adc.73.6.508
1476:Comparative Folklore
1466:Noh S (April 2021).
1210:"Nocturnal Enuresis"
1073:"Nocturnal Enuresis"
813:Condition management
772:antidiuretic hormone
735:Treatment approaches
616:Physical examination
576:antidiuretic hormone
507:Alcohol intoxication
5067:Post-void dribbling
4817:Delusional disorder
4762:Stimulant psychosis
4752:Physical dependence
4606:Rumination syndrome
4508:Conversion disorder
4485:Psychogenic amnesia
4335:with depressed mood
4333:Adjustment disorder
4236:Parkinson's disease
4211:Alzheimer's disease
4104:Atypical depression
3940:Social functioning
3815:Munchausen syndrome
3810:Factitious disorder
1951:Reynoso Paredes P.
1910:. www.nlm.nih.gov.
1478:] (in Korean).
1051:Medical News Letter
818:Diapers: Wearing a
457:PNE-type bedwetting
341:criminal behavior.
160:urethral dilatation
156:hormone replacement
125:developmental delay
5062:Nocturnal enuresis
4993:Signs and symptoms
4836:schizophrenia-like
4480:Dissociative fugue
3929:Movement disorders
3655:External resources
3498:Taylor and Francis
2293:"English folklore"
1982:www.wakehealth.edu
1690:Dicanio M (2004).
1522:www.kidshealth.org
996:. September 2017.
926:Nocturnal emission
833:
786:prescription drugs
423:nocturnal enuresis
148:behavioral therapy
94:Nocturnal enuresis
45:Nocturnal enuresis
5199:
5198:
5089:Urinary retention
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4780:
4779:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4456:
4455:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4251:Vascular dementia
4173:Asperger syndrome
4139:
4138:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
3983:Tourette syndrome
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3689:
3688:
3435:978-0-598-06609-1
3422:Carus TL (1924).
3379:BJU International
3256:10.1002/nau.20108
1657:978-4-9560081-4-3
1646:Hickey E (2010).
1034:Cooper S (1807).
753:bedwetting alarms
693:medical condition
311:
310:
217:Behavioral impact
152:bedwetting alarms
91:
90:
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5254:
5052:Diurnal enuresis
5026:Vesical tenesmus
4995:relating to the
4986:
4979:
4972:
4963:
4918:
4807:
4786:
4721:
4596:Anorexia nervosa
4584:
4573:
4550:Psychogenic pain
4518:Globus pharyngis
4366:Childhood phobia
4349:
4321:
4300:
4156:
4145:
4055:
3954:Selective mutism
3905:Conduct disorder
3888:
3875:
3852:Trichotillomania
3827:Gender dysphoria
3822:Fear of intimacy
3779:Sexual anhedonia
3747:
3736:
3723:Mental disorders
3716:
3709:
3702:
3693:
3574:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3494:Sleep Psychiatry
3489:
3483:
3482:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3394:
3370:
3359:
3358:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3019:(7322): 1167–9.
3004:
2989:
2988:
2978:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2928:10.1037/h0042300
2911:
2905:
2904:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2667:10.1037/h0100319
2650:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2545:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2440:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2342:(6): 2438–2443.
2331:
2325:
2324:
2319:. Archived from
2313:
2307:
2306:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1786:
1775:
1774:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1631:Gavin H (2013).
1628:
1622:
1621:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1351:Psychology Today
1343:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1310:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1279:
1268:
1267:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1212:. UCLA Urology.
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1079:. Archived from
1068:
1055:
1054:
1049:Navy US (1954).
1046:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
986:
977:
976:
966:
942:
689:drug side effect
313:Bedwetting does
306:
303:
297:
290:factual accuracy
282:
281:
274:
251:winnowing basket
62:
42:
21:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5237:Toilet training
5227:Sleep disorders
5202:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5181:Brewer infarcts
5162:
5119:
5093:
5030:
4999:
4990:
4960:
4951:
4923:
4904:
4888:
4857:
4835:
4826:
4801:
4776:
4733:
4730:substance abuse
4707:
4684:
4661:
4615:
4601:Bulimia nervosa
4578:
4559:
4535:Hypochondriasis
4530:False pregnancy
4513:Ganser syndrome
4495:Somatic symptom
4489:
4452:
4404:
4393:Specific phobia
4338:
4315:
4286:
4260:
4192:
4188:Savant syndrome
4160:Autism spectrum
4150:
4135:
4063:
4041:
4020:
4014:
3989:
3882:
3861:
3837:Dermatillomania
3798:
3784:Sexual anorexia
3741:
3730:
3720:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3650:
3649:
3585:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3556:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3531:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3500:. p. 171.
3491:
3490:
3486:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3428:. p. 178.
3425:De rerum natura
3421:
3420:
3416:
3372:
3371:
3362:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3135:(14): 1429–36.
3126:
3125:
3121:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3006:
3005:
2992:
2961:(3): CD002911.
2948:
2947:
2943:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2754:(7): CD003637.
2741:
2740:
2736:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2597:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2389:(10): 611–614.
2376:
2375:
2371:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2132:. 27 July 2020.
2128:
2127:
2123:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1801:(12): 1540–50.
1788:
1787:
1778:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1548:Am J Psychiatry
1545:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1444:: 54–58. 2004.
1432:
1431:
1427:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1194:
1192:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1070:
1069:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
988:
987:
980:
944:
943:
939:
934:
917:
878:
861:
843:
815:
790:anti-muscarinic
737:
708:abnormalities,
701:
681:
665:
638:
629:
618:
607:
599:
549:
529:toilet training
517:
427:daytime wetting
377:genetic testing
360:
323:Macdonald triad
307:
301:
298:
295:
287:This article's
283:
279:
272:
260:
231:
219:
184:
175:
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5260:
5258:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5204:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4997:urinary system
4991:
4989:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4803:
4802:
4789:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:Rebound effect
4754:
4749:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4698:Hypersexuality
4694:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4433:
4431:Panic disorder
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4398:Claustrophobia
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4381:Anthropophobia
4373:
4371:Social anxiety
4368:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4329:
4327:
4317:
4316:
4303:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4241:Pick's disease
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4028:
4026:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4010:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3732:
3731:
3727:Classification
3721:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3671:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3625:
3606:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:Classification
3570:
3569:External links
3567:
3564:
3563:
3538:
3513:
3506:
3484:
3463:10.2307/311321
3441:
3434:
3414:
3360:
3325:
3316:Medical Record
3306:
3277:
3234:
3185:
3154:
3119:
3084:
3048:
2990:
2941:
2906:
2887:
2852:
2806:
2775:
2734:
2691:
2672:
2661:(4): 259–267.
2645:
2604:
2579:
2557:
2516:
2487:(8): 1207–14.
2467:
2452:
2426:
2369:
2326:
2323:on 2008-01-06.
2308:
2284:
2270:. 2007-06-13.
2255:
2230:
2219:(3): 436–459.
2203:
2178:
2135:
2121:
2102:
2077:
2042:
1999:
1969:
1943:
1924:
1899:
1871:
1822:
1776:
1757:(4): 405–436.
1741:
1707:
1700:
1682:
1663:
1656:
1638:
1635:. p. 120.
1623:
1588:(2): 300–310.
1565:
1554:(2): 125–130.
1538:
1509:
1458:
1440:. New Series.
1425:
1387:
1362:
1335:
1300:
1269:
1226:
1201:
1175:
1156:
1137:
1118:
1093:
1056:
1041:
1026:
1011:
978:
936:
935:
933:
930:
929:
928:
923:
916:
913:
908:
907:
890:
889:
877:
874:
872:40-year-olds.
860:
857:
856:
855:
851:
847:
842:
839:
838:
837:
825:
824:
814:
811:
810:
809:
779:
775:
764:
749:
745:
736:
733:
700:
697:
680:
677:
664:
661:
637:
634:
628:
627:Classification
625:
624:
623:
617:
614:
613:
612:
606:
603:
598:
595:
548:
545:
544:
543:
532:
524:
521:Food allergies
516:
513:
512:
511:
504:
497:
493:
486:
464:
441:
434:
416:
401:
391:
359:
356:
327:John Macdonald
309:
308:
286:
284:
277:
271:
268:
259:
256:
230:
227:
218:
215:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
183:
180:
174:
171:
135:is considered
129:family history
89:
88:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5259:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4982:
4980:
4975:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4919:
4915:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:Schizophrenia
4860:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4791:Schizophrenia
4787:
4783:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:Drug overdose
4740:
4739:
4736:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4690:Sexual desire
4687:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4570:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4376:Social phobia
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4311:-related and
4310:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4017:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3553:on 2008-02-06
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3528:on 2008-02-06
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3509:
3507:1-84214-145-7
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:(9): 1611–3.
3344:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3296:on 2008-02-08
3295:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3250:(3): 267–72.
3249:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:(6): 431–42.
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3186:
3175:on 2007-06-28
3171:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3052:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2707:(5): 707–10.
2706:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2594:on 2008-02-06
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2245:on 2008-01-26
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2193:on 2008-05-15
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:(3): 237–41.
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:(8): 909–31.
2057:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2015:(1): 148–53.
2014:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1889:on 2007-10-10
1888:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:(6): 508–11.
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1701:0-595-31652-2
1697:
1694:. iUniverse.
1693:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1539:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1406:(9): 809–11.
1405:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1083:on 2008-01-22
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:. p. 18.
1052:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1012:
999:
995:
991:
985:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
938:
931:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
914:
912:
905:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
887:
886:
885:
883:
875:
873:
869:
865:
858:
852:
848:
845:
844:
840:
835:
834:
829:
821:
817:
816:
812:
807:
803:
802:nortriptyline
799:
795:
794:amitriptyline
791:
787:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:
740:
734:
732:
729:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
678:
676:
674:
670:
662:
660:
656:
654:
650:
645:
642:
635:
633:
626:
620:
619:
615:
609:
608:
605:Voiding diary
604:
602:
596:
594:
590:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
555:that reduces
554:
546:
541:
536:
533:
530:
525:
522:
519:
518:
514:
508:
505:
501:
498:
494:
490:
487:
484:
480:
477:and enlarged
476:
472:
468:
465:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
422:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
392:
389:
385:
384:
383:
380:
378:
372:
368:
365:
357:
355:
352:
348:
345:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
305:
302:December 2021
293:
291:
285:
276:
275:
269:
267:
264:
257:
255:
252:
248:
244:
239:
235:
228:
226:
223:
216:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
191:
187:
181:
179:
172:
170:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
87:
83:
79:
76:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
43:
35:
30:
19:
5191:Mathe's sign
5186:Lloyd's sign
5061:
4822:Folie à deux
4747:Intoxication
4728:substances,
4726:Psychoactive
4645:Night terror
4462:Dissociative
4426:Panic attack
3978:Tic disorder
3673:
3662:
3638:
3627:
3608:
3589:
3555:. Retrieved
3551:the original
3541:
3530:. Retrieved
3526:the original
3516:
3493:
3487:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3424:
3417:
3382:
3378:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3322:(1–12): 204.
3319:
3315:
3309:
3298:. Retrieved
3294:the original
3247:
3243:
3237:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3177:. Retrieved
3170:the original
3157:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3100:(5): 535–7.
3097:
3093:
3087:
3065:(2): 441–7.
3062:
3058:
3051:
3016:
3012:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2868:(1): 30–54.
2865:
2861:
2855:
2822:
2818:
2795:(1): 83–84.
2792:
2788:
2783:K P (1976).
2778:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2596:. Retrieved
2592:the original
2582:
2569:
2560:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2461:
2455:
2446:
2442:
2429:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2321:the original
2311:
2296:
2287:
2276:. Retrieved
2267:
2258:
2247:. Retrieved
2243:the original
2233:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2195:. Retrieved
2191:the original
2181:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2124:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2094:. Retrieved
2080:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1961:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1916:. Retrieved
1902:
1891:. Retrieved
1887:the original
1839:
1835:
1825:
1798:
1794:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1727:
1723:
1691:
1685:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1647:
1641:
1632:
1626:
1585:
1581:
1568:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1521:
1518:"Bedwetting"
1512:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1450:. Retrieved
1441:
1437:
1428:
1403:
1399:
1379:. Retrieved
1371:"Bedwetting"
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:
1327:. Retrieved
1318:
1292:. Retrieved
1284:"Bedwetting"
1242:(4): 270–7.
1239:
1235:
1229:
1218:. Retrieved
1204:
1193:. Retrieved
1183:Paredes PR.
1178:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1110:. Retrieved
1102:"Bedwetting"
1096:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:the original
1076:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
993:
954:
950:
940:
909:
897:
891:
879:
870:
866:
862:
859:Epidemiology
768:desmopressin
738:
730:
726:
721:
702:
682:
672:
668:
666:
657:
649:Constipation
646:
643:
639:
630:
600:
591:
588:
569:
550:
539:
489:Sleepwalking
445:sexual abuse
420:
405:constipation
381:
373:
369:
361:
353:
349:
346:
343:
335:animal abuse
331:firestarting
314:
312:
299:
288:
265:
261:
240:
236:
232:
224:
220:
195:
192:
188:
185:
176:
168:
145:
140:
136:
122:
101:
97:
93:
92:
29:
5176:Addis count
5016:Renal colic
4795:schizotypal
4630:Hypersomnia
4620:Nonorganic
4361:Agoraphobia
4092:Cyclothymia
4087:Bipolar NOS
4062:(affective)
3934:Stereotypic
3842:Kleptomania
3664:MedlinePlus
3457:: 191–196.
3288:Fackler A.
2922:(1): 71–3.
2825:(1): 7–14.
2298:Answers.com
1992:22 February
1077:www.duj.com
1071:Johnson M.
718:self-esteem
515:Unconfirmed
496:bedwetting.
467:Sleep apnea
400:production.
339:sociopathic
182:Self-esteem
164:self-esteem
50:Other names
34:Wet the Bed
18:Bed wetting
5222:Pediatrics
5206:Categories
4947:Stereotypy
4810:Delusional
4799:delusional
4772:Withdrawal
4640:Parasomnia
4545:Nosophobia
4325:Adjustment
4313:somatoform
4246:Sundowning
4099:Depression
4082:Bipolar II
3971:Stuttering
3966:Cluttering
3762:Paraphilia
3640:DiseasesDB
3557:2008-02-03
3532:2008-02-03
3300:2008-02-03
3179:2008-02-03
2701:Pediatrics
2598:2008-02-02
2588:"Enuresis"
2536:(1): 7–9.
2278:2007-07-10
2249:2008-02-02
2239:"Enuresis"
2197:2008-02-02
2096:2010-06-01
1963:2008-02-02
1918:2008-02-02
1893:2008-02-02
1730:(7843/4).
1532:2008-02-03
1452:2008-02-03
1381:2009-09-12
1356:2008-02-02
1329:2008-02-03
1294:2008-02-02
1220:2010-05-28
1195:2010-05-28
1112:2009-10-20
1087:2008-02-02
1004:25 October
957:(3): 455.
932:References
798:imipramine
699:Management
593:at night.
565:hereditary
535:Dandelions
447:, extreme
396:increases
270:Sociopathy
150:, such as
102:bedwetting
82:Psychology
78:Pediatrics
5212:Childhood
5168:Eponymous
5146:frequency
4900:Catatonia
4832:Psychosis
4667:Postnatal
4650:Nightmare
4256:Wandering
4109:Dysthymia
4077:Bipolar I
4032:Pervasive
3847:Pyromania
3772:Voyeurism
3767:Fetishism
3675:eMedicine
2403:1205-7088
2356:0022-5347
1771:221430598
1618:206738131
1602:1552-8324
1504:238041634
1496:1598-1010
1482:: 45–88.
1313:Berry A.
757:condition
722:emotional
710:infection
597:Diagnosis
547:Mechanism
540:pissenlit
425:and with
421:secondary
319:sociopath
141:Secondary
73:Specialty
5136:Nocturia
5115:Polyuria
5105:Oliguria
5082:Overflow
5057:Giggling
5047:Enuresis
4635:Insomnia
4305:Neurotic
4272:Delirium
4198:Dementia
4037:Specific
3479:16437861
3409:19386118
3401:12460356
3355:Archived
3351:16719255
3272:24646177
3264:15791606
3229:18525459
3149:19339722
3079:20006865
3043:11711411
2985:32364251
2936:14354096
2847:21887776
2839:25936863
2770:23881652
2729:12300964
2640:10814687
2574:Archived
2570:ucsf.edu
2552:22215862
2511:21267599
2421:19668675
2364:11696807
2303:Archived
2272:Archived
2268:CBC News
2173:33708606
2165:16118098
2090:Archived
2088:. NIMH.
2072:15533278
2037:34177052
1986:Archived
1957:Archived
1912:Archived
1817:15564822
1610:29631500
1526:Archived
1446:Archived
1375:Archived
1323:Archived
1288:Archived
1264:35856153
1256:11095087
1214:Archived
1189:Archived
1106:Archived
998:Archived
973:38079927
964:10344007
921:Enuresis
915:See also
894:Avicenna
841:Unproven
714:diabetes
503:disease.
483:adenoids
449:bullying
403:Chronic
394:Caffeine
364:etiology
258:Families
133:enuresis
5247:Urology
5141:urgency
5035:Control
5011:Dysuria
4344:Anxiety
4183:PDD-NOS
4072:Bipolar
3725: (
3680:ped/689
3634:D053206
3220:2518962
3114:2249126
3034:1121645
2976:7197139
2721:7255000
2502:3119803
2449:: 9–11.
2412:2722619
2029:3369293
1866:8546506
1857:1511443
1420:7282655
876:History
806:placebo
766:DDAVP (
761:bladder
706:bladder
673:reverts
584:puberty
572:hormone
561:bladder
553:hormone
479:tonsils
475:Snoring
413:bladder
137:primary
114:bladder
86:Urology
5158:Uremia
5110:Anuria
5098:Volume
5072:Stress
4588:Eating
4436:Stress
4353:Phobia
4309:stress
4168:Autism
3961:Speech
3750:Sexual
3669:003144
3623:788.36
3504:
3477:
3471:311321
3469:
3432:
3407:
3399:
3349:
3270:
3262:
3227:
3217:
3147:
3112:
3077:
3041:
3031:
2983:
2973:
2934:
2882:322182
2880:
2845:
2837:
2768:
2727:
2719:
2638:
2550:
2509:
2499:
2419:
2409:
2401:
2362:
2354:
2171:
2163:
2070:
2035:
2027:
1864:
1854:
1815:
1769:
1698:
1654:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1502:
1494:
1418:
1262:
1254:
971:
961:
850:alarm.
820:diaper
685:DSM-IV
580:kidney
471:airway
461:PANDAS
409:bowels
358:Causes
173:Impact
110:asleep
108:while
5242:Urine
5124:Other
4893:Other
4622:sleep
4409:Other
4265:Other
4131:Mania
3803:Other
3619:307.6
3600:F98.0
3467:JSTOR
3405:S2CID
3268:S2CID
3173:(PDF)
3166:(PDF)
2843:S2CID
2725:S2CID
2439:(PDF)
2169:S2CID
2033:S2CID
1767:S2CID
1614:S2CID
1578:(PDF)
1500:S2CID
1474:[
1472:비교민속학
1260:S2CID
1153:: 73.
788:with
712:, or
691:or a
669:after
557:urine
398:urine
247:Japan
243:Korea
104:, is
5077:Urge
5004:Pain
4797:and
4446:PTSD
4060:Mood
3900:ADHD
3645:4326
3629:MeSH
3614:9-CM
3502:ISBN
3475:PMID
3430:ISBN
3397:PMID
3347:PMID
3260:PMID
3225:PMID
3145:PMID
3110:PMID
3075:PMID
3039:PMID
2981:PMID
2932:PMID
2878:PMID
2835:PMID
2766:PMID
2717:PMID
2636:PMID
2548:PMID
2507:PMID
2417:PMID
2399:ISSN
2360:PMID
2352:ISSN
2161:PMID
2068:PMID
2025:PMID
1994:2018
1862:PMID
1813:PMID
1696:ISBN
1652:ISBN
1606:PMID
1598:ISSN
1492:ISSN
1416:PMID
1252:PMID
1006:2017
969:PMID
800:and
362:The
333:and
4834:and
4421:OCD
3949:RAD
3944:DAD
3910:ODD
3610:ICD
3604:R32
3591:ICD
3459:doi
3387:doi
3252:doi
3215:PMC
3207:doi
3137:doi
3133:360
3102:doi
3067:doi
3063:183
3029:PMC
3021:doi
3017:323
3013:BMJ
2971:PMC
2963:doi
2924:doi
2870:doi
2827:doi
2797:doi
2756:doi
2709:doi
2686:7–8
2663:doi
2626:doi
2538:doi
2534:200
2497:PMC
2489:doi
2407:PMC
2391:doi
2344:doi
2340:166
2221:doi
2153:doi
2060:doi
2017:doi
1852:PMC
1844:doi
1803:doi
1759:doi
1732:doi
1728:294
1677:4–5
1590:doi
1556:doi
1552:120
1484:doi
1408:doi
1404:135
1244:doi
1151:1–4
959:PMC
896:in
655:).
481:or
315:not
241:In
5208::
4793:,
4307:,
3678::
3667::
3643::
3632::
3621:,
3617::
3602:,
3598::
3595:10
3496:.
3473:.
3465:.
3455:96
3453:.
3403:.
3395:.
3383:90
3381:.
3377:.
3363:^
3353:.
3343:73
3341:.
3337:.
3320:94
3318:.
3280:^
3266:.
3258:.
3248:24
3246:.
3223:.
3213:.
3203:30
3201:.
3197:.
3143:.
3131:.
3108:.
3098:66
3096:.
3073:.
3061:.
3037:.
3027:.
3015:.
3011:.
2993:^
2979:.
2969:.
2957:.
2953:.
2930:.
2920:19
2918:.
2899:.
2876:.
2866:84
2864:.
2841:.
2833:.
2823:36
2821:.
2809:^
2791:.
2787:.
2764:.
2750:.
2746:.
2723:.
2715:.
2705:67
2703:.
2684:.
2657:.
2634:.
2622:25
2620:.
2616:.
2572:.
2568:.
2546:.
2532:.
2528:.
2505:.
2495:.
2485:26
2483:.
2479:.
2445:.
2441:.
2415:.
2405:.
2397:.
2387:10
2385:.
2381:.
2358:.
2350:.
2338:.
2301:.
2295:.
2266:.
2215:.
2167:.
2159:.
2149:39
2147:.
2116:15
2114:.
2066:.
2056:24
2054:.
2031:.
2023:.
2013:77
2011:.
1984:.
1980:.
1936:.
1874:^
1860:.
1850:.
1840:73
1838:.
1834:.
1811:.
1799:43
1797:.
1793:.
1779:^
1765:.
1755:31
1753:.
1726:.
1722:.
1710:^
1675:.
1612:.
1604:.
1596:.
1586:21
1584:.
1580:.
1550:.
1524:.
1520:.
1498:.
1490:.
1480:73
1436:.
1414:.
1402:.
1390:^
1373:.
1349:.
1338:^
1321:.
1317:.
1303:^
1272:^
1258:.
1250:.
1240:34
1238:.
1168:.
1149:.
1130:.
1075:.
1059:^
992:.
981:^
967:.
953:.
949:.
902::
796:,
695:.
120:.
98:NE
84:,
80:,
4985:e
4978:t
4971:v
4025:)
4021:(
3729:)
3715:e
3708:t
3701:v
3612:-
3593:-
3583:D
3560:.
3535:.
3510:.
3481:.
3461::
3438:.
3411:.
3389::
3303:.
3274:.
3254::
3231:.
3209::
3182:.
3151:.
3139::
3116:.
3104::
3081:.
3069::
3045:.
3023::
2987:.
2965::
2959:5
2938:.
2926::
2901:4
2884:.
2872::
2849:.
2829::
2803:.
2799::
2793:7
2772:.
2758::
2752:7
2731:.
2711::
2669:.
2665::
2659:2
2642:.
2628::
2601:.
2554:.
2540::
2513:.
2491::
2447:2
2423:.
2393::
2366:.
2346::
2281:.
2252:.
2227:.
2223::
2217:8
2200:.
2175:.
2155::
2099:.
2074:.
2062::
2039:.
2019::
1996:.
1966:.
1938:5
1921:.
1896:.
1868:.
1846::
1819:.
1805::
1773:.
1761::
1738:.
1734::
1704:.
1660:.
1620:.
1592::
1562:.
1558::
1535:.
1506:.
1486::
1455:.
1442:9
1422:.
1410::
1384:.
1359:.
1332:.
1297:.
1266:.
1246::
1223:.
1198:.
1170:1
1132:2
1115:.
1090:.
1008:.
975:.
955:4
463:.
433:.
390:.
304:)
300:(
294:.
96:(
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
