Knowledge (XXG)

Bedhaya

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and behind (from the perspective of the Susuhunan), respectively. In the second position, the dancers divide into two facing groups, the arms and desire to one side, and the chakras and legs on the other. In the third section of the dance, there is an added section of an encounter between the desire and head dancers in the second position, while the other dancers squat. The third position places the dancers either in a row (Surakarta) or with the arms to one side (Yogyakarta), with desire in the middle. The final position is in a 3x3 grid (
2045: 1220: 27: 2040: 2050: 2060: 1641: 2055: 1200:, a pillared audience hall with a peaked roof, with the Susuhunan on a throne in the middle of the room. The dance is performed in three large sections. In each section, the dancers emerge from a room behind the audience hall, approach the throne single file, dance in front of the throne, and then retreat, again single file. They approach and retreat on opposite sides of the throne, thus 1162:. In the former, the nine dancers were the creation of a deity who was brought to life and offered the dance to their maker in gratitude. In the latter, the dance was created when Kangjeng Ratu Kidul fell in love with the sultan and danced the bedhaya for him; the nine dancers in the modern dance represent the spirit of the goddess. 1178: 1505:. The former were based on a newly composed choral melody, while the latter fitted a new choral part into a pre-existing gendhing melody played by the gamelan. Hundreds of stanzas of text were written for these parts, and a particular gendhing uses at least a dozen. The texts are mainly in the form of a 1601:
interpretation. The first position shows desire plus the body; the second shows opposition between desire and the chakras (there is some evidence that the legs were considered a fifth chakra), and in the final section, interaction between the head and desire. Afterwards, desire is absorbed into the
1165:
Since the decline in the power of the royal courts, other, more accessible forms of bedhaya have become popular, not as religious ritual, but as artistic performance. These do not require the royal presence, and may be performed on stage for an admission fee. They frequently recount stories used in
1339:
The first two sections of the dance each have three positions, with slight variations, while the last adds a final, fourth position. The first position is in the shape of a human being, with the first five dancers in a line down the middle, and those representing the right and left sides in front
1230:
A name and number is given to each of the nine dancers, which designate a specific position in the changing choreographic pattern. There are slight variations between different sources in the names and numbers of the dancers, but there is consensus on the general forms. They are: a human being,
1119:(reigned 1613–1645). Unfortunately, there is almost no historical evidence to back up the claims made about the advances in the arts in Sultan Agung's courts, and the existence of the dance was not clearly documented until the late 18th century. 1082:
in Yogyakarta, the latter of which has not been performed for more than 20 years. The Solonese dance continues to be performed once per year on the second day of the Javanese month of Ruwah (May), to commemorate the ascension of the current
1625:
considered the meaning of the use of pistols an aristocratic attempt to adopt a foreign element to show enhance royal power, or the secularization and informalization of the court ritual when in the presence of European guests.
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The dance can be interpreted in a number of ways, including as an abstract sequence of positions, and a reenactment of the love between the goddess and a royal ancestor. Another common interpretation is that they symbolize
1488:
The literary renaissance of Java in the 18th and 19th centuries, which greatly changed Javanese music, had as one of its first effects the creation of genres of gendhing to accompany bedhaya and serimpi, known as
1087:(prince) of Surakarta. Nine females, relatives or wives of the Susuhunan, perform the dance before a private audience. An invitation to anyone outside of the inner circle of the court is a considerable honor. 1533:, both the song and the dance associated with it. It is only allowed to be rehearsed every 35 days (when Thursday of the seven-day week coincides with Kliwon, the fifth day of the five-day week of the 1843:
Babad Krama Dalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan Paku Buwana Kaping Sanga ing Nagari Surakarta Adniningrat (The chronicle of the marriage of his highness Susuhunan Paku Buwana IX of Surakarta)
1565: 1629:
During some period in the 19th century, the dancers in Yogyakarta were young men dressed as women. The combination of characteristics of both sexes was thought to have a special spiritual power.
1586:. Furthermore, the dancers were brought onto battlefields with the Yogyakartan ruler. Some of the choreographic positions are vaguely similar to those that were believed to have been used in the 1352: 1095: 1553:). When the text is copied, a few intentional mistakes are inserted to avoid copying a sacred text literally. This is all because during any performance or rehearsal, the deputies of 985: 1513:(poetic riddle), and deal with a wide variety of subjects. Much of the text is erotic love poetry, describing the attraction of Kangjeng Ratu Kidul to Sultan Agung. 1541:'s accession to the throne. All rehearsals, and especially the performance, must be accompanied by offerings (many of which correspond to those specified in the 1182:
Bedhaya dance performance at the wedding of Hoesein Djajadiningrat and Partini in the palace of Prang Wedono (Mangkoe Negoro VII), the father of the bride, at
1974: 1115:. Indeed, some of the steps of the modern dance are said to be as old as the third century. However, the modern form is traditionally dated to the court of 978: 1756:, Ph.D. dissertation, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1983, p. 148; and N. Tirtaamidjaja, "A Bedaja Ketawang Performance at the Court of Surakarta", 133: 971: 1914: 1882: 1876: 1545:). The dancers must fast and undergo ritual purification, they must be in bridal dress and cover the upper part of their bodies in 1967: 1602:
body, and then the dancers are arranged in the same arrangement as offerings in the Majapahit palace. Three is a number rich in
1368:. Formerly only women sang; however since at least the 1940s men have also sung these parts. In Surakarta, instead of a full 2352: 1960: 333: 2661: 1987: 618: 177: 2656: 1116: 1219: 1941: 2666: 2560: 2288: 568: 293: 2267: 1754:
Wayang Wong in the Yogyakarta Kraton: History, Ritual Aspects, Literary Aspects, and Characterization
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which explain the origin of the dance, which generally have either an account of a meeting with an
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The dance is accompanied with the singing of men and women together. The style is known as
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In the 19th century, dancers held and fired pistols in the performance of the bedhaya.
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for an explanation); however, shorter gendhings were also used later (such as
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The Badhaya Katawang: A Translation of the Song of Kangjeng Ratu Kidul
1871:. Arizona State University Program for Southeast Asian Studies, 1993. 2539: 2502: 2387: 2316: 2257: 2239: 2124: 2099: 1907:
Gamelan: Cultural Interaction and Musical Development in Central Java
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instruments and only sometimes other melodic instruments (such as
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Gamelan Stories: Tantrism, Islam, and Aesthetics in Central Java
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The bedhaya dancers doing a sembah (tribute) to the Sultan of
1344:), with the three upper chakra centers in the middle column. 1071:
The bedhaya has different forms in the two court cities, the
132: 1423:
The pieces used to accompany the dances are traditionally
1582:, which may explain why the dancers are given names of 1208:
direction, the appropriate direction for veneration in
1154:, the Goddess of the South Sea, with a founder of the 1063: 1022: 57: 1427:
with long structures (originally designated at least
1594:, and some of the texts tell of military victories. 1416:
was used as accompaniment, sometimes even featuring
1239:(the top three of which are used as note names; see 2621: 2605: 2574: 2553: 2527: 2511: 2470: 2432: 2416: 2325: 2299: 2276: 2248: 2210: 2184: 2163: 2067: 2012: 1335:, "left leg", "quiet flank", "rear emergent desire" 1235:(the word for desire or craving in Buddhism), four 100: 90: 76: 66: 41: 1295:, "tail", "genitals", "lower end of spinal column" 1569:The Bedoyo dancers at the Susuhunan Palace Solo, 1254:, "desire", "constant/fixed desire", "attachment" 1889:, September 11, 1983, accessed on June 30, 2006 1525:regarding the performance and rehearsal of the 1321:èndhèl weton/èndhèl wedalan ngajeng/èndhèl jawi 1909:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. 1746:Bedhaya Ketawang: Tarian Sakral di Candi-candi 1527: 1507: 1499: 1491: 1480: 1473: 1464: 1449: 1441: 1429: 1329: 1319: 1309: 1299: 1289: 1279: 1269: 1259: 1248: 80: 32: 1968: 1686: 1684: 1537:), and performed on the anniversaries of the 979: 8: 1463:; in Surakarta, it is only accompanied by a 19: 1485:s to fit better the stride of the dancers. 1455:). The most ancient and sacred song is the 1305:, "right arm", "right flank", "front flank" 1975: 1961: 1953: 1744:Becker, 132, citing K.G.P.H. Hadiwidjojo, 1158:, either Sultan Ageng or his grandfather, 986: 972: 111: 25: 18: 1111:existed on Java at least as early as the 1931:. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1992. 1929:The bedhaya court dances of Central Java 1680: 1039:, associated with the royal palaces of 951: 878: 807: 626: 610: 210: 169: 148: 114: 1051:, the bedhaya epitomized the elegant ( 1396:ketipung and gendhing); there are no 1010:and various other transliterations) ( 7: 1814:Kunst, 151-152, 280; Becker 115-116. 1708:Knutsson, accessed on June 29, 2006. 1372:, the only instruments used are the 1899:. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1949 1331:apit meneng/èndhèl wedalan wingking 1107:Some kind of female dance known as 14: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 1639: 1226:dancers from Solo wearing batik 1: 1948:Court-dance Bedhaya Katawang 1078:in Surakarta (Solo) and the 2353:Jurit ampil kridha warastra 1927:Clara Brakel-Papenhuijzen. 1752:, 1981, p. 20; Soedarsono, 1064: 1023: 619:Classical dance and theatre 334:Jurit ampil kridha warastra 58: 2683: 2036: 1883:The Wedding of Solo's King 1606:symbolism, like the three 1315:, "left arm", "rear flank" 1027:) is a sacred, ritualised 1995: 1823:Sumarsam, 7; Becker, 141. 1597:Judith Becker provides a 1056: 1015: 50: 24: 1557:are said to be present. 1501:gendhing bedhaya-serimpi 1311:apit wingking/apit mburi 1301:apit ngajeng/apit ngarep 178:Royal Ballet of Cambodia 1573:, between 1910 and 1930 1243:), and the four limbs: 1194:The dance is held in a 1117:Sultan Agung of Mataram 16:Indonesian sacred dance 1881:Knutsson, Gunilla K. " 1574: 1528: 1508: 1500: 1492: 1481: 1474: 1465: 1450: 1442: 1430: 1366:sindhenan lampah sekar 1361: 1330: 1320: 1310: 1300: 1290: 1280: 1270: 1260: 1249: 1227: 1191: 1104: 141: 81: 33: 1568: 1408:). In the Yogyakarta 1374:colotomic instruments 1355: 1222: 1181: 1150:), or the meeting of 1098: 136: 2268:Pepe-Pepeka ri Makka 1760:Vol. 1, 1967, p. 48. 1717:Sumarsam, 20 and 54. 1101:Sultan of Yogyakarta 183:Khmer Shadow Theatre 122:Part of a series on 31:The sacred dance of 1778:Kunst, 128, 279-281 1580:military formations 1250:'èndhèl/èndhèl ajeg 1152:Kangjeng Ratu Kidul 21: 1984:Dance in Indonesia 1887:The New York Times 1575: 1362: 1228: 1192: 1105: 142: 140:of Southeast Asia. 2644: 2643: 2535:Gending Sriwijaya 1590:, the war in the 1535:Javanese calendar 1190:, in January 1921 1099:The court of the 1062: 1047:. Along with the 1021: 1002:(also written as 996: 995: 299:Gending Sriwijaya 110: 109: 71:Traditional dance 56: 2674: 2662:Javanese culture 2062: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2041: 1977: 1970: 1963: 1954: 1944:by Nancy Florida 1867:Becker, Judith. 1855: 1852: 1846: 1841:R. 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1572: 1567: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1524: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1504: 1502: 1496: 1494: 1486: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1452: 1446: 1444: 1438: 1434: 1432: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1392:, and drums ( 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1359: 1354: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1334: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1231:representing 1225: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1102: 1097: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1069: 1066: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 989: 984: 982: 977: 975: 970: 969: 967: 966: 961: 958: 957: 956: 955: 950: 945: 942: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 903:Lakhon Chatri 901: 899: 896: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 883: 882: 877: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 813: 812: 811: 806: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 710:Joget Gamelan 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 632: 631: 630: 625: 620: 617: 616: 615: 614: 609: 602: 599: 598: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 564:Topeng Betawi 562: 560: 559:Topeng Banjar 557: 556: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 294:Gendang Beleq 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 229:Baksa kembang 227: 225: 224:Bajidor Kahot 222: 220: 217: 216: 215: 214: 209: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 188:Lakhon Mohory 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 174: 173: 168: 163: 160: 158: 157:Peacock dance 155: 154: 153: 152: 147: 139: 135: 130: 121: 120: 119: 118: 113: 106: 103: 99: 96: 93: 89: 85: 84: 79: 77:Instrument(s) 75: 72: 69: 65: 60: 48: 44: 40: 35: 28: 23: 2667:Sultan Agung 2622:Moluccan and 2528:Palembangese 2408:Wayang gedog 2393:Topeng Ireng 2358:Kuda Lumping 2337: 2249:Buginese and 2115:Kebyar duduk 1928: 1906: 1896: 1886: 1868: 1850: 1842: 1837: 1828: 1819: 1810: 1805:Becker, 128. 1801: 1792: 1783: 1774: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1745: 1740: 1731: 1722: 1713: 1704: 1699:Becker, 116. 1695: 1690:Becker, 143. 1628: 1620: 1596: 1576: 1550: 1526: 1520: 1506: 1498: 1490: 1487: 1472: 1456: 1448: 1440: 1428: 1422: 1365: 1363: 1341: 1338: 1328: 1318: 1308: 1298: 1288: 1278: 1268: 1258: 1253: 1229: 1223: 1216:traditions. 1195: 1193: 1164: 1121: 1108: 1106: 1079: 1072: 1070: 1007: 1003: 999: 997: 670:Cinta Sayang 665:Ceracap Inai 574:Topeng Ireng 374:Kuda Lumping 354:Kebyar Duduk 253: 124: 2471:Minangkabau 2403:Wayang wong 2383:Singo Ulung 2251:Makassarese 2218:Ondel-ondel 2192:Sigale Gale 2135:Panyembrama 2090:Cendrawasih 1893:Kunst, Jaap 1787:Kunst, 330. 1748:, Jakarta: 1592:Mahabharata 1461:ayak-ayakan 1271:gulu/jangga 1148:Lord Buddha 1128:Indic deity 887:Lakhon Khon 808:Philippines 795:Ulek Mayang 715:Kuda Kepang 680:Dikir Barat 586:Wayang Wong 519:Singo Ulung 514:Sigale Gale 439:Panyembrama 429:Ondel-ondel 264:Cendrawasih 193:Lakhon Khol 162:Yama Zatdaw 42:Native name 2651:Categories 2488:Pasambahan 2277:Cirebonese 2020:Likok Pulo 1861:References 1555:Ratu Kidul 1358:Yogyakarta 1041:Yogyakarta 908:Lakhon Nok 898:Lakhon Nai 894:Hun krabok 841:Maglalatik 730:Mek Mulung 138:Topography 2636:Poco-poco 2597:Sisingaan 2592:Sandiwara 2587:Jaipongan 2575:Sundanese 2519:Kabasaran 2512:Minahasan 2460:Zapin Api 2440:Bangsawan 2424:Melinting 2164:Banjarese 2150:Sanghyang 1758:Indonesia 1571:Surakarta 1539:Susuhunan 1509:wangsalan 1471:known as 1285:, "chest" 1206:clockwise 1103:, c. 1876 1085:Susuhunan 1045:Surakarta 1037:Indonesia 871:Tinikling 846:Pandanggo 826:Itik-itik 725:Mak Inang 720:Labi-labi 650:Bangsawan 635:Adai-adai 601:Zapin Api 524:Sisingaan 509:Sanghyang 504:Sandiwara 459:Poco-poco 414:Melinting 339:Kabasaran 239:Bangsawan 211:Indonesia 105:Indonesia 2631:Cakalele 2606:Timorese 2378:Ronggeng 2348:Gandrung 2343:Gambyong 2326:Javanese 2223:Ronggeng 2068:Balinese 2013:Acehnese 1903:Sumarsam 1633:See also 1623:Sumarsam 1616:Trimurti 1612:Trilokya 1608:pramanas 1547:turmeric 1482:pathetan 1467:pathetan 1451:kethuk 2 1437:gendhing 1425:gendhing 1398:balungan 1394:kendhang 1275:, "neck" 1214:Shaivist 1210:Buddhist 1197:pendhapa 1160:Senapati 1075:Ketawang 1073:bedhaya 1053:Javanese 1012:Javanese 960:Nhã nhạc 944:Kingkara 937:Ram Thai 933:Ram wong 879:Thailand 851:Pangalay 821:Cariñosa 816:Binasuan 750:Pangalay 735:Mak yong 627:Malaysia 494:Ronggeng 364:Ketoprak 289:Gandrung 284:Gambyong 259:Cakalele 170:Cambodia 95:Javanese 91:Inventor 47:Javanese 2545:Tanggai 2450:Makyong 2417:Lampung 2363:Lengger 2338:Bedhaya 2202:Tor-tor 2095:Condong 1665:Kejawèn 1614:or the 1599:tantric 1418:cornets 1414:gamelan 1402:gambang 1390:kemanak 1388:), the 1370:gamelan 1360:in 1884 1241:slendro 1237:chakras 1224:Bedhaya 1109:bedhaya 1091:History 1024:Bedhaya 1000:bedhaya 952:Vietnam 928:Mor lam 923:Ma yong 861:Singkil 856:Sagayan 790:Sumazau 765:Rambong 581:Tor-tor 539:Tanggai 409:Makyong 384:Lengger 314:Jaipong 269:Condong 254:Bedhaya 115:Bedhaya 83:Gamelan 59:bedhaya 20:Bedhaya 2624:Papuan 2540:Kebagh 2503:Randai 2498:Piring 2493:Payung 2478:Indang 2388:Srimpi 2317:Kuyang 2284:Topeng 2263:Paraga 2258:Pajoge 2240:Yapong 2228:Topeng 2211:Betawi 2197:Tandok 2155:Topeng 2145:Rejang 2140:Pendet 2125:Legong 2105:Janger 2100:Gambuh 2085:Barong 1913:  1875:  1655:Srimpi 1610:, the 1584:flanks 1523:taboos 1517:Taboos 1435:; see 1410:kraton 1406:gendér 1384:, and 1382:kenong 1378:kethuk 1281:dhadha 1168:wayang 1140:Vishnu 1136:Brahma 1049:srimpi 1008:beḍaya 1004:bedoyo 918:Manora 836:Kuntaw 785:Sewang 770:Randai 760:Piring 755:Payung 745:Ngajat 740:Menora 695:Indang 660:Branyo 591:Yapong 554:Topeng 549:Toneel 534:Tandok 529:Srimpi 474:Rejang 469:Randai 454:Piring 449:Pendet 444:Payung 434:Pajoge 404:Ludruk 394:Lenong 379:Legong 349:Kebagh 319:Janger 309:Indang 279:Gambuh 274:Didong 249:Barong 101:Origin 2566:Rudat 2554:Sasak 2483:Lilin 2455:Zapin 2445:Joget 2433:Malay 2307:Hudoq 2300:Dayak 2185:Batak 2120:Kecak 2110:Joged 2080:Baris 2030:Saman 2025:Rodat 1676:Notes 1604:Hindu 1551:borèh 1233:taṇhā 1174:Dance 1146:, or 1144:Indra 1132:Shiva 1124:myths 1057:ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ 940:Rabam 913:Likay 866:Subli 800:Zapin 775:Rodat 705:Joget 700:Jikey 675:Dabus 655:Boria 645:Balai 640:Asyik 596:Zapin 499:Saman 489:Rodat 419:Merak 399:Lilin 359:Kecak 329:Joget 324:Joged 304:Hudoq 244:Baris 149:Burma 67:Genre 2613:Tebe 2373:Reog 2130:Oleg 2075:Arja 1988:list 1911:ISBN 1873:ISBN 1497:and 1404:and 1386:gong 1212:and 1188:Java 1184:Solo 1065:alus 1043:and 1033:Java 1016:ꦧꦼꦝꦪ 998:The 831:Jota 780:Saba 690:Inai 611:Laos 544:Tebe 484:Reog 479:Remo 424:Oleg 219:Arja 203:Yike 51:ꦧꦼꦝꦪ 1885:." 1447:or 1031:of 891:Fon 2653:: 2004:• 2000:• 1905:. 1895:. 1683:^ 1420:. 1380:, 1186:, 1170:. 1142:, 1138:, 1134:, 1059:, 1055:: 1035:, 1018:, 1014:: 1006:, 53:, 49:: 1990:) 1986:( 1976:e 1969:t 1962:v 1549:( 1376:( 1247:' 1130:( 987:e 980:t 973:v

Index


Javanese
Traditional dance
Gamelan
Javanese
Indonesia
Topography of Southeast Asia.
Topography
Peacock dance
Yama Zatdaw
Royal Ballet of Cambodia
Khmer Shadow Theatre
Lakhon Mohory
Lakhon Khol
Lakhon Pol Srey
Yike
Arja
Bajidor Kahot
Baksa kembang
Bambangan Cakil
Bangsawan
Baris
Barong
Bedhaya
Cakalele
Cendrawasih
Condong
Didong
Gambuh
Gambyong

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