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655:("a little lively"), making it slow only in comparison to the other three movements. This movement was encored at the premiere and has remained popular since. Its reliance on the string section makes it a good example of Beethoven's advances in orchestral writing for strings, building on the experimental innovations of
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as, "like a string of beauties hand-in-hand, each afraid to lose her hold on her neighbours". The first violins then take the first melody while the second violins take the second. This progression culminates with the wind section playing the first melody while the first violin plays the second.
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The
Seventh Symphony perhaps more than any of the others gives us a feeling of true spontaneity; the notes seem to fly off the page as we are borne along on a floodtide of inspired invention. Beethoven himself spoke of it fondly as "one of my best works". Who are we to dispute his
865:… the final movement zips along at an irrepressible pace that threatens to sweep the entire orchestra off its feet and around the theater, caught up in the sheer joy of performing one of the most perfect symphonies ever written.
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287:. In Beethoven's address to the participants, the motives are not openly named: "We are moved by nothing but pure patriotism and the joyful sacrifice of our powers for those who have sacrificed so much for us."
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The last movement is in sonata form. According to music historian Glenn
Stanley, Beethoven "exploited the possibility that a string section can realize both angularity and rhythmic contrast if used as an
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At its premiere at the university in Vienna on 8 December 1813, Beethoven remarked that it was one of his best works. The second movement, "Allegretto", was so popular that audiences demanded an encore.
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as well), Symphony No. 7 seems to be another one of his musical confrontations with
Napoleon, this time in the context of the European wars of liberation from years of Napoleonic domination.
161:
1010:, p. 49 Original in German: "Uns alle erfüllt nichts als das reine Gefühl der Vaterlandsliebe und des freudigen Opfers unserer Kräfte für diejenigen, die uns so viel geopfert haben."
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played by the violins. This section ends thirty-seven bars later with a quick descent of the strings on an A minor scale, and the first melody is resumed and elaborated upon in a strict
897:, who was present during rehearsals, said that the consensus, among musicians and laymen alike, was that Beethoven must have composed the symphony in a drunken state; and the conductor
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he jumped in the air"), and "the friends of
Beethoven made arrangements for a repetition of the concert" by which "Beethoven was extricated from his pecuniary difficulties".
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924:, Weber's biographer, Schindler was characteristically evasive when defending Beethoven, and there is "no shred of concrete evidence" that Weber ever made the remark.
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in F major and trio in D major. Here, the trio (based on an
Austrian pilgrims' hymn) is played twice rather than once. This expansion of the usual A–B–A structure of
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and repeated rhythmic figures. It is also tonally subtle, making use of the tensions between the key centres of A, C and F. For instance, the first movement is in
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A typical performance lasts approximately 33–45 minutes depending on the choice of tempo, and whether the repeats in the 1st, 3rd, and 4th movements are omitted
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in the coda of the first movement evidence that
Beethoven was "ripe for the madhouse" seems to have been the invention of Beethoven's first biographer,
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920:. His possessive adulation of Beethoven is well-known, and he was criticised by his contemporaries for his obsessive attacks on Weber. According to
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part in the score, a letter from
Beethoven himself shows that two contrabassoons were used at the premiere to add strength to the bass parts.
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The work was premiered with
Beethoven himself conducting in Vienna on 8 December 1813 at a charity concert for soldiers wounded in the
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Critics and listeners have often felt stirred or inspired by the
Seventh Symphony. For instance, one program-note author writes:
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592:, and is dominated by lively dance-like dotted rhythms, sudden dynamic changes, and abrupt modulations. The first theme of the
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After this, the music changes from A minor to A major as the clarinets take a calmer melody to the background of light
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This melody is then played by the second violins while the violas and cellos play a second melody, described by
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and F major. In addition, the second movement is in A minor with episodes in A major, and the third movement, a
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The first edition of the score, parts and piano reduction was published in
November 1816 by Steiner & Comp.
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movement be encored immediately. Spohr made particular mention of Beethoven's enthusiastic gestures on the
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779:-like background", particularly in the coda, which contains an example, rare in Beethoven's music, of the
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section opens in C major and contains extensive episodes in F major. The movement finishes with a long
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in Beethoven's own arrangement of the Irish folk-song "Save me from the grave and wise", No. 8 of his
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fury" and many other writers have commented on its whirling dance-energy. The main theme is a precise
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wrote, "The force that reigns throughout this movement is literally prodigious, and reminds one of
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1162:"Symphony No. 7 in A, Op. 92 (1812) – Beethoven Symphony Basics at ESM - Eastman School of Music"
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The work as a whole is known for its use of rhythmic devices suggestive of a dance, such as
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into A–B–A–B–A was quite common in other works of Beethoven of this period, such as his
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821:'s hero Ram Dass, who has 'fire enough in his belly to burn up the entire world.'"
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occurred, he tore his arms with a great vehemence asunder ... at the entrance of a
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1356:(reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press Archive. pp. 98–99.
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commented on the third movement: "What can you do with it? It's like a lot of
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A typical performance of this movement lasts approximately 10–16 minutes.
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1588:"Classical Notes: Ludwig Van Beethoven Symphony No. 7 in A major, Op. 92"
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A typical performance of this movement lasts approximately 7–10 minutes.
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A typical performance of this movement lasts approximately 6–9 minutes.
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A typical performance of this movement lasts approximately 7–9 minutes.
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through a series of no fewer than sixty-one repetitions of the note E.
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The piece was very well received, such that the audience demanded the
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The first movement starts with a long, expanded introduction marked
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On the other hand, admiration for the work has not been universal.
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1112:. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green. pp.
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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between 1811 and 1812, while improving his health in the
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repeated ten times to the background of a grinding four
271:
Beethoven's life at this time was marked by a worsening
1075:. Pacific, Missouri: Mel Bay Publications. p. 78.
550: = 69) that is noted for its long ascending
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and included some of the finest musicians of the day:
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252:When Beethoven began composing his Symphony No. 7,
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941:"Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92"
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666:. It begins with the main melody played by the
1213:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 181ff.
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1200:
678:(repeated rhythmic figure, or ground bass, or
375:The autograph of the work is preserved in the
304:. The orchestra was led by Beethoven's friend
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1048:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 615ff.
290:The program also included the patriotic work
8:
1554:by Christopher H. Gibbs, program note for a
1029:. pp. 38–43. Oxford University Press, 1995.
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296:, exalting the victory of the British over
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1603:
1595:
1314:"Atlanta Symphony Orchestra Program Notes"
53:
31:
1803:Music dedicated to benefactors or patrons
1541:International Music Score Library Project
411:in A (E and D in the inner movements), 2
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566:in F major, the movement transitions to
383:was published in 2017 by Laaber Verlag.
1762:
1552:"Notes on Beethoven's Seventh Symphony"
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562:to C major and F major. From the last
379:in Kraków. A facsimile of Beethoven's
198:
59:First page of the autograph manuscript
1572:, Northwest Sinfonietta, October 2003
1272:
1072:Handbook of Guitar and Lute Composers
1069:Annala, Hannu; Matlik, Heiki (2010).
848:Twelve Irish Folk Songs, WoO 154
761:String Quartet Op. 59 No. 2
7:
1444:Performances of the Seventh Symphony
1210:The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven
1183:"Symphony No. 7 in A, Op. 92 (1812)"
1788:Symphonies by Ludwig van Beethoven
1133:. Laaber, Germany: Laaber-Verlag.
554:and a cascading series of applied
199:Problems playing these files? See
25:
1578:by Christine Lee Gengaro for the
1330:Bicknell, David (EMI executive).
1312:Meltzer, Ken (17 February 2011).
1243:Beethoven and His Nine Symphonies
811:Beethoven and his Nine Symphonies
1765:
1524:
1499:
1476:
1449:
1398:The Nine Symphonies of Beethoven
831:, commented on this movement's "
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544:
184:
166:
27:Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven
1548:of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony
1027:The Symphony: A Listeners Guide
959:, pp. 29–33, 39–43, 49–55.
733:III. Presto – Assai meno presto
1406:University of Washington Press
1207:Stanley, Glenn (11 May 2000).
1127:Beethoven, Ludwig van (2017).
1045:Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph
662:The movement is structured in
1:
1580:Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra
1465:Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
1388:(in German). Leipzig: Reclam.
1130:Sinfonie Nr. 7, A-Dur, op. 92
518:but has repeated episodes in
391:The symphony is scored for 2
908:The oft-repeated claim that
795:
696:
602:
1386:Beethoven. Werkeinführungen
1287:"Beethoven: Symphony No. 7"
236:. The work is dedicated to
1819:
1531:Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)
1246:(3rd ed.). New York:
972:Die 9 Sinfonien Beethovens
882:Another admirer, composer
869:Composer and music author
828:Essays in Musical Analysis
530:I. Poco sostenuto – Vivace
438:There are four movements:
220:92, is a symphony in four
1498:
1475:
1448:
1443:
1185:. University of Rochester
122:8 December 1813
52:
44:
39:
1488:Frankfurt Radio Symphony
737:The third movement is a
690:and two quarter notes).
588: = 104) is in
1798:Compositions in A major
800:download the audio file
701:download the audio file
651:has a tempo marking of
647:The second movement in
607:download the audio file
258:campaign against Russia
1586:Peter Gutmann (2013).
1566:"Aperçu of Apotheosis"
1556:Philadelphia Orchestra
1350:Warrack, John Hamilton
1289:. (personal web page).
880:
873:says of the symphony:
867:
238:Count Moritz von Fries
155:
112:Count Moritz von Fries
1511:Bundesjugendorchester
1492:Andrés Orozco-Estrada
426:Although there is no
317:Johann Nepomuk Hummel
154:
1632:Ludwig van Beethoven
1533:at Wikimedia Commons
1354:Carl Maria von Weber
1332:"Sir Thomas Beecham"
969:Ulm, Renate (1994).
910:Carl Maria von Weber
842:of the instrumental
770:IV. Allegro con brio
377:Jagiellonian Library
293:Wellington's Victory
260:. After Beethoven's
226:Ludwig van Beethoven
180:IV. Allegro con brio
47:Ludwig van Beethoven
18:Beethoven symphony 7
1568:, Program notes by
1400:. London, Seattle:
1275:, pp. 228–271.
914:chromatic bass line
35:Symphony in A major
1745:No. 10 in E♭ major
1382:Goldschmidt, Harry
1248:Dover Publications
1023:Steinberg, Michael
306:Ignaz Schuppanzigh
156:
1793:1812 compositions
1753:
1752:
1747:
1657:Middle symphonies
1558:performance, via
1529:Media related to
1521:
1520:
1415:978-0-295-95823-1
1238:Grove, Sir George
1220:978-0-521-58934-5
1055:978-0-618-05474-9
986:978-3-7618-1241-9
825:, writing in his
804:
752:Pastoral Symphony
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558:that facilitates
526:, is in F major.
341:at the premiere.
321:Giacomo Meyerbeer
256:was planning his
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146:
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16:(Redirected from
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1769:
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1742:
1732:No. 9 in D minor
1716:No. 8 in F major
1711:No. 7 in A major
1701:No. 6 in F major
1696:No. 5 in C minor
1690:
1689:
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1664:No. 2 in D major
1648:No. 1 in C major
1641:Early symphonies
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1539:: Scores at the
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1338:on 24 July 2008.
1334:. Archived from
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957:Goldschmidt 1975
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905:jumping about."
815:Sir George Grove
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979:. p. 214.
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912:considered the
895:Friedrich Wieck
890:of the dance".
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643:II. Allegretto
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536:Poco sostenuto
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327:. The Italian
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264:(and possibly
262:Symphony No. 3
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1678:
1570:Ron Drummond
1509:on YouTube,
1469:Iván Fischer
1397:
1385:
1353:
1344:
1336:the original
1325:
1307:
1300:Hopkins 1981
1295:
1280:
1268:
1242:
1209:
1187:. Retrieved
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1129:
1122:
1108:
1104:Spohr, Louis
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1071:
1064:
1044:
1034:
1026:
1003:
971:
964:
952:
936:
922:John Warrack
907:
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868:
864:
860:
852:
826:
823:Donald Tovey
810:
809:In his book
808:
785:
773:
765:
757:8th Symphony
751:
743:ternary form
736:
728:
717:
712:George Grove
709:
688:eighth notes
684:quarter note
664:ternary form
661:
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315:, composers
291:
289:
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273:hearing loss
270:
251:
242:
232:spa town of
224:composed by
209:
207:
29:
1515:Paavo Järvi
1250:. pp.
1146:30 November
1088:30 December
977:Bärenreiter
680:passacaglia
634:pedal point
618:development
590:sonata form
560:modulations
313:Louis Spohr
1782:Categories
1685:No. 4 in B
1669:No. 3 in E
1626:Symphonies
1546:Full Score
1517:conducting
1494:conducting
1471:conducting
1363:0521291216
1273:Grove 1962
1167:5 February
975:. Kassel:
928:References
888:apotheosis
844:ritornello
837:duple time
653:allegretto
488:, Trio in
461:Allegretto
381:manuscript
346:Allegretto
201:media help
126:1813-12-08
108:Dedication
1402:Heinemann
995:363133953
878:judgment?
857:Reception
777:obbligato
636:of an E.
556:dominants
502:(A major)
447:sostenuto
401:clarinets
355:sforzando
310:violinist
222:movements
139:Movements
118:Performed
1705:Pastoral
1688:♭
1672:♭
1396:(1981).
1384:(1975).
1352:(1976).
1240:(1962).
1189:13 March
1106:(1865).
1042:(2014).
783:marking
720:triplets
676:ostinato
480:presto (
413:trumpets
405:bassoons
403:in A, 2
368:Editions
332:virtuoso
298:Napoleon
279:Premiere
254:Napoleon
230:Bohemian
85:Composed
1461:YouTube
1424:6981522
1375:Sources
840:variant
833:Bacchic
819:Carlyle
781:dynamic
759:, and
739:scherzo
649:A minor
564:episode
524:scherzo
520:C major
516:A major
496:Allegro
490:D major
486:F major
465:A minor
455:A major
421:strings
417:timpani
352:("as a
337:played
248:History
234:Teplitz
214:A major
124: (
100:Teplitz
97:–1812:
91: (
69:A major
1758:Portal
1736:Choral
1679:Eroica
1422:
1412:
1360:
1260:705665
1258:
1217:
1137:
1079:
1052:
993:
983:
724:fugato
686:, two
672:cellos
668:violas
630:octave
594:Vivace
575:Vivace
568:Vivace
552:scales
471:Presto
451:Vivace
419:, and
415:in D,
393:flutes
350:podium
329:guitar
302:France
132:Vienna
1691:major
1675:major
1506:Video
1483:Video
1456:Video
1317:(PDF)
1116:–187.
682:of a
674:, an
657:Haydn
632:deep
626:motif
475:Assai
409:horns
397:oboes
361:forte
339:cello
40:No. 7
1420:OCLC
1410:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1256:OCLC
1215:ISBN
1191:2022
1169:2023
1148:2021
1135:ISBN
1090:2015
1077:ISBN
1050:ISBN
991:OCLC
981:ISBN
903:yaks
670:and
622:coda
616:The
573:The
500:brio
498:con
482:trio
478:meno
444:Poco
434:Form
407:, 2
399:, 2
395:, 2
323:and
208:The
142:Four
93:1811
89:1811
76:Opus
1628:by
1560:NPR
1459:on
1252:252
1114:186
945:NPR
943:at
786:fff
484:) (
300:'s
218:Op.
212:in
65:Key
45:by
1784::
1513:,
1490:,
1467:,
1463:,
1418:.
1408:.
1404:,
1254:.
1229:^
1199:^
1025:.
1015:^
989:.
850:.
813:,
789:.
763:.
755:,
749:,
726:.
659:.
542::
473:–
449:–
423:.
319:,
240:.
216:,
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1677:(
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997:.
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577:(
538:(
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463:(
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453:(
203:.
128:)
95:)
20:)
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