1322:
1942:
1930:
2392:
2137:
1822:
1509:
1489:
692:
1918:
795:
1477:
534:
1629:, whose capital was Vilnius. While Belarus National Republic faced off with Litbel, foreign powers were preparing to reclaim what they saw as their territories: Polish forces were moving from the West, and Russians from the East. When Vilnius was captured by Polish forces on 17 April 1919, the capital of the Soviet puppet state Litbel was moved to Minsk. On 17 July 1919 Lenin dissolved Litbel because of the pressure of Polish forces advancing from the West. Polish troops
2309:
360:
1246:
982:
200:
850:
627:
3199:
its provisions. It was emphasized that the
Budapest memorandum of 1994 has a particular importance for our country. This document contains trilateral security assurances provided in connection with the Belarusian accession to the NPT and voluntary refusal of Belarus from the right to possess with nuclear weapons. Budapest Memorandum registered in the UN as an international treaty.
1968:'s secret protocol, Western Byelorussia, which was part of Poland, is included in the BSSR. Similarly to the times of German occupation during World War I, Belarusian language and Soviet culture enjoyed relative prosperity in this short period. Already in October 1940, over 75% of schools used the Belarusian language, also in the regions where no Belarus people lived, e.g. around
2187:
Russia, with several spectacular exceptions, were not returned to
Belarus after 1945. During the immediate postwar period, the Soviet Union first rebuilt and then expanded the BSSR's economy, with control always exerted exclusively from Moscow. During this time, Belarus became a major center of manufacturing in the western region of the USSR. Huge industrial objects like the
1306:
903:
680:
482:
1109:
1898:
was reduced as a result of the 1930 elections. Since the early 1930s, the Polish government introduced a set of policies designed to
Polonize all minorities (Belarusians, Ukrainians, Jews, etc.). The usage of Belarusian language was discouraged and the Belarusian schools were facing severe financial
3198:
In particular, it was pointed out that
Belarus considers the NPT as a fundamental legally binding international instrument in the framework of the existing architecture of international security. The Belarusian party is in favor of further strengthening the Treaty and balanced implementation of all
1987:
and destroyed all the food supplies. The country suffered particularly heavily during the fighting and the German occupation. Minsk was captured by the
Germans on 28 June 1941. Following bloody encirclement battles, all of the present-day Belarus territory was occupied by the Germans by the end of
2003:
regime, burning down some 9,000 Belarusian villages, deporting some 380,000 people for slave labour, and killing hundreds of thousands of civilians more. Local police took part in many of those crimes. Almost the whole, previously very numerous, Jewish populations of
Belarus that did not evacuate
835:
In such circumstances, a vibrant
Ruthenian culture flourished, mostly in the major cities of present-day Belarus. Despite the legal usage of the Ruthenian language, which was used as a chancellery language in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, literature was mostly non-existent, apart
2186:
The
Belarusian economy was completely devastated by the events of the war. Most of the industry, including whole production plants were removed either to Russia or Germany. Industrial production of Belarus in 1945 amounted for less than 20% of its pre-war size. Most of the factories evacuated to
2019:
emerged. Hiding in the woods and swamps, the partisans inflicted heavy damage to German supply lines and communications, disrupting railway tracks, bridges, telegraph wires, attacking supply depots, fuel dumps and transports and ambushing German soldiers. Not all anti-German partisans were
2227:
debris that drifted over parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and
Scandinavia. Large areas of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia were contaminated, resulting in the evacuation and resettlement of roughly 200,000 people. About 60% of the radioactive fallout landed in Belarus. The
3087:
in 1945 when
Roosevelt and Stalin agreed that the veto would not prevent discussions by the Security Council. Roosevelt agreed to General Assembly membership for Ukraine and Byelorussia while reserving the right, which was never exercised, to seek two more votes for the United
710:
in 1240, leaving a geopolitical vacuum in the region. The East Slavs had splintered into a number of independent and competing principalities. Due to military conquest and dynastic marriages, the western principalities of Rus' in modern Belarus were acquired by the expanding
1698:
took place on 8 January 1922, and the territory was annexed to Poland. Żeligowski later in his memoir which was published in London in 1943 condemned the annexation of Republic by Poland, as well as the policy of closing Belarusian schools and general disregard of Marshal
3947:
2199:
were built in the country. The increase in jobs resulted in a huge immigrant population of Russians in Belarus. Russian became the official language of administration and the peasant class, which traditionally was the base for Belarusian nation, ceased to exist.
2232:
were dramatic: about 50,000 km (or about a quarter of the territory of Belarus) formerly populated by 2.2 million people (or a fifth of the Belarusian population) now require permanent radioactive monitoring (after receiving doses over 37
1321:
2384:. A peaceful protest against the electoral flaws turned into a riot when demonstrators tried to storm a government building. The police used batons to quell the riot. Seven presidential candidates and hundreds of rioters were arrested by
1645:
was a short-lived political entity, which was the last attempt to restore Lithuania in the historical confederacy state (it was also supposed to create Lithuania Upper and Lithuania Lower). The republic was created in 1920 following
725:
The Lithuanians' smaller numbers in this medieval state gave the Ruthenians (later Belarusians and Ukrainians) an important role in the everyday cultural life of the state. Owing to the prevalence of East Slavs and the
2032:
was launched, Minsk was re-captured on 3 July 1944, and all of Belarus was regained by the end of August. Hundred thousand of Poles were expelled after 1944. As part of the Nazis' effort to combat the enormous
817:
granted the Orthodox clergy an autonomy previously enjoyed only by Catholic clergy. The privilege was enhanced in 1531, when the Orthodox church was no longer responsible to the Catholic bishop and instead the
3341:
120:
114:
1402:, which included the return to Orthodoxy, the 19th century signifies the rise of the modern Belarusian nation and self-confidence. A number of authors started publishing in the Belarusian language, including
1899:
problems. In spring of 1939, there already was neither single Belarusian official organisation in Poland nor a single exclusively Belarusian school (with only 44 schools teaching Belarusian language left).
2092:
In total, Belarus lost a quarter of its pre-war population in World War II including practically all its intellectual elite. About 9,200 villages and 1.2 million houses were destroyed. The major towns of
126:
2279:
in Moscow, Belarus declared full independence from the USSR by granting the declaration of state sovereignty a constitutional status that it did not have before. On 8 December 1991, Shushkevich met with
3727:
3318:
1588:
the territories of Belarus would witness the struggle of various national and foreign factions. On 3 December 1918 the Germans withdrew from Minsk. On 10 December 1918 Soviet troops occupied Minsk. The
810:
in 1480. On the other hand, further unification of the mostly Orthodox Grand Duchy with mostly Catholic Poland led to liberalization and a partial solving of the religious problem. In 1511, King and
3380:
950:
as compared to 46 representatives from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. However, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania retained significant autonomy, and was governed by a separate code of laws called the
1222:. The borderland area to the south-east was in a state of semi-permanent warfare until the 18th century. Some researchers estimate that altogether more than 3 million people, predominantly
105:
3413:
575:(1044–66), though completely rebuilt over the years, remains a symbol of this independent-mindedness, rivaling churches of the same name in Novgorod and Kiev, referring to the original
2682:
1047:
With time, the ethnic pattern did not evolve much. Throughout their existence as a separate culture, Ruthenians formed in most cases the rural population, with power held by the local
2444:
3180:"Registration Number - 50069; Title - Memorandum of Security Assurances in connection with Accession of the Republic of Belarus to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons"
3115:
2101:
lost over 80% of their buildings and city infrastructure. For the defence against the Germans, and the tenacity during the German occupation, the capital Minsk was awarded the title
2418:
1622:
1536:
4734:
3264:
3194:"On the Participation of Belarus Delegation in the Session of the Preparatory Committee for the Review Conference within the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons"
2997:(Fall 2016) 17#4 pp 805-835 examines behaviour World War II in Belarus under the Germans, using oral history, letters of complaint, memoirs and secret police and party reports.
2077:. They experienced some initial success due to disorganization in the rear of the Red Army, and some other German-trained Belarusian nationalist units also slipped through the
1953:
1908:
1163:. Although the union was generally supported by most local Orthodox bishops and the king himself, it was opposed by some prominent nobles and, more importantly, by the nascent
316:
1562:
3822:
2385:
1941:
1695:
1105:
clans being the most notable), whose personal fortunes and properties often surpassed those of the royal families and were huge enough to be called a state within a state.
1276:. At the same time, the Belarusian lands entered a path of economic growth, with the formation of numerous towns that served as centres of trade on the east–west routes.
2421:. Following the contested election, Lukashenko is not recognized by the United Kingdom, the European Union, or the United States as the legitimate president of Belarus.
2882:
1215:
3156:"Protocol To The Treaty Between The United States Of America And The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics On The Reduction And Limitation Of Strategic Offensive Arms"
2085:, however, had already infiltrated these units. Vituška himself was hunted down, captured and executed, although he continued to live on in Belarusian nationalist
3235:
1167:
movement. This led to a series of conflicts and rebellions against the local authorities. The first of such happened in 1595, when the Cossack insurgents under
2028:
were destroyed. To fight partisan activity, the Germans had to withdraw considerable forces behind their front line. On 22 June 1944 the huge Soviet offensive
3854:
228:
1972:, what was Ruthenization. Western Belarus was sovietised, tens of thousands were imprisoned, deported, murdered. The victims were mostly Polish and Jewish.
4161:
3707:
2594:
2569:
1766:
The frontiers between Poland, which had established an independent government after World War I, and the former Russian Empire were not recognized by the
423:
nomads (in Ukraine) already living there, their early ethnic integrations contributed to the gradual differentiation of the East Slavs. These East Slavs,
4026:
1590:
3372:
2152:
1929:
4727:
2034:
2133:. In exchange for Belarus and Ukraine joining the UN, the United States had the right to seek two more votes, a right that has never been exercised.
3917:
3651:
3587:
2417:
on 1 September cited more than 450 documented cases of torture and ill-treatment of detainees, as well as reports of sexual abuse and rape. Several
1610:
1300:
156:
4081:
3842:
3678:
2241:-137). 135,000 persons were permanently resettled and many more were resettled temporarily. After 10 years since the accident, the occurrences of
1651:
3952:
3827:
3790:
3668:
1787:
1156:
829:
583:(and hence to claims of imperial prestige, authority and sovereignty). Cultural achievements of the Polotsk period include the work of the nun
301:
173:
3403:
2391:
1821:
1268:, was used in the Grand Duchy as a chancery language, that is, the language used for official documents. Afterwards, it was replaced with the
3464:
2402:
2377:
2366:
2358:
2325:
1557:
were created until 1919 when they were banned again by the Polish military administration. At the end of World War I, when Belarus was still
764:
This period of political breakdown and reorganization also saw the rise of written local vernaculars in place of the literary and liturgical
2276:
559:
The Principality of Polotsk repeatedly asserted its sovereignty in relation to the other centers of Rus', becoming a political capital, the
4720:
3859:
2328:. Having assumed the rights and responsibilities of the Soviet Union on the territory of Byelarus, in December 1994 Lukashenko signed the
2156:
1778:
federation as a Central and East European bloc that would be a bulwark against Germany to the west and Russia to the east, carried out a
4676:
3536:
3253:
2212:
2130:
867:
644:
4530:
3646:
2136:
1211:
986:
927:
722:(1240–1263). From the 13th to 15th century, the principalities were either conquered or willingly joined the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
278:
132:
4862:
4114:
3874:
2414:
2297:
1334:
3116:
Strangers at Home: Memorialisation of the Armia Krajowa in Belarus, Iryna Kashtalian, Imre Kertész Kolleg's Cultures of History Forum
2410:
1272:, commonly spoken by the upper classes. Both Polish and Ruthenian cultures gained a major cultural centre with the foundation of the
4792:
3732:
3712:
3506:
3104:
3018:
2933:
2856:
2665:
2264:
On 27 July 1990, Belarus declared its national sovereignty, a key step toward independence from the Soviet Union. Around that time,
1810:
recognized the Soviet Union's western borders on 15 March 1923. The Soviets terrorised Western Belarus, the most radical case being
889:
666:
572:
3435:
3155:
270:
3355:
1983:
allies invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. Soviet authorities immediately evacuated about 20% of the population of Belarus,
4661:
4256:
2544:
Björn Wiemer. "Dialect and language contacts on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th century until 1939".
2463:
1039:
221:
3511:
3126:
2443:
and his girlfriend Sofia Sapega, were arrested by authorities. In summer of the same year, Belarusian authorities organized the
2395:
1057:, often of Lithuanian, Polish or Russian descent. By this time, a significant Jewish presence had also formed in this region of
4686:
4289:
4154:
2560:
2293:
1799:
1566:
1532:
1520:
1497:
1481:
553:
332:
164:
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4306:
4244:
4107:
3663:
3600:
3054:
2585:
2016:
999:
871:
648:
3555:
Belarusian Historical Review. Independent Academic Journal dedicated to history of Belarus (Belarusian and English versions)
2873:
2811:
5106:
4999:
4812:
4681:
4590:
3932:
2708:
2208:
1642:
513:— a loose-knit multi-ethnic network of principalities, established along pre-existing trade routes, with major centers in
494:
305:
806:
Construction of Orthodox churches in some parts of present-day Belarus had been initially prohibited, as was the case in
5065:
4837:
3797:
3580:
3212:
1862:
1712:
691:
3313:
1965:
1845:. For several years, the national culture and language enjoyed a significant boost of revival in the Soviet Belarus. A
5127:
4640:
4635:
4251:
4071:
3971:
3342:"El Pais interview with HR/VP Borrell: "Lukashenko is like Maduro. We do not recognize him but we must deal with him""
1250:
939:
930:
to become an influential player in European politics and the largest multinational state in Europe. While present-day
214:
34:
2830:Экономика Белорусии в Эпоху Империализма 1900-1917. Под редакцией Г. Ковалевского и др. Минск 1963, стр.86-88 and 413
2380:
in presidential elections which were again described as falsified by most EU countries and organizations such as the
753:), gradually influenced by Polish, was the language of administration in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from at least
587:(1120–1173), who built monasteries, transcribed books, promoted literacy and sponsored art (including local artisan
5080:
5032:
4924:
4919:
4696:
4691:
4147:
4076:
3832:
3817:
3722:
2340:
2229:
1846:
1516:
1508:
907:
506:
3528:
2661:(Russian population exodus into the Rzeczpospolita), Promemoria journal, October 2004 nr. (5/15), ISSN 1509-9091,
2312:
Signatures on the Budapest Memorandum for security assurances to Belarus in exchange for national denuclearization
1917:
4666:
4420:
4381:
3869:
3739:
3480:
2361:
in elections described as undemocratic by Western observers. At the same time, the west began criticizing him as
1811:
1760:
1440:
592:
2413:, the largest during his rule. Protesters have faced violent persecution by the authorities. A statement by the
1841:
policies (especially in the 1930s), while the Soviet Belarus was one of the original republics which formed the
1647:
1488:
1407:
5037:
4884:
3912:
3656:
3641:
2103:
1912:
1798:, ending the Polish–Soviet War, divided Belarus between Poland and Soviet Russia. Over the next two years, the
1663:
1399:
1310:
1296:
1179:
and executed Polish magistrates there. Other such clashes took place in Mogilev (1606–10), Vitebsk (1623), and
1008:
943:
712:
684:
616:
274:
96:
1744:, Adamowicz decided to work with them. Thus Belarusian units were created, and Piasecki was transferred to a
5042:
5004:
4671:
4329:
3983:
3849:
3807:
3780:
3631:
3573:
3138:
2317:
2078:
1996:
1984:
1815:
1791:
1782:
into Ukraine in 1920. This met with a Red Army counter-offensive that drove into Polish territory almost to
1395:
860:
794:
637:
549:
364:
266:
258:
81:
2819:
2320:
enacted in early 1994 paved the way for the first democratic presidential election on 23 June and 10 July.
4984:
4495:
4324:
3907:
3811:
2433:
2192:
1729:
1756:
552:(now in northern Belarus) emerged as the dominant center of power in the territory of Belarus, while the
4954:
4914:
4894:
4874:
4777:
4575:
4066:
4051:
4041:
3998:
3802:
3775:
3636:
3179:
3083:
Voting procedures and the veto power of permanent members of the Security Council were finalized at the
2429:
2289:
2265:
1803:
1779:
1432:
1273:
1188:
738:
584:
533:
262:
86:
4440:
1771:
1700:
2436:, where two of its passengers, opposition activist and former editor-in-chief of the Telegram channel
2336:, the United Kingdom and the United States acting as guarantors and thereby denuclearized the nation.
2245:
among children increased fifteenfold (the sharp rise started in about four years after the accident).
5070:
4889:
4630:
4625:
4565:
4500:
4405:
4046:
3993:
3957:
3864:
3785:
3695:
3519:
3314:"UN human rights experts: Belarus must stop torturing protesters and prevent enforced disappearances"
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2354:
2321:
2058:
1659:
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1364:
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716:
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612:
285:
138:
1476:
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5022:
4969:
4964:
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4797:
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4385:
4211:
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4003:
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3044:
2425:
2329:
2259:
2196:
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2029:
1671:
1594:
1558:
1550:
1524:
1501:
1416:
1352:
1348:
1265:
1136:
951:
832:. The privilege also extended the jurisdiction of the Orthodox hierarchy over all Orthodox people.
819:
814:
769:
699:
In the 13th century, the fragile unity of Kievan Rus' disintegrated due to nomadic incursions from
187:
2308:
2020:
pro-Soviet. In the largest partisan sabotage action of the entire Second World War, the so-called
4994:
4944:
4904:
4857:
4852:
4842:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4802:
4787:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4701:
4605:
4389:
4341:
4336:
4239:
4229:
4186:
4178:
4100:
4036:
4018:
3895:
3770:
3717:
3673:
3496:
3193:
2702:
2475:
2204:
1961:
1546:
1428:
1356:
1261:
1144:
1140:
946:. The new polity was dominated by densely populated Poland, which had 134 representatives in the
777:
731:
541:
537:
324:
293:
2548:. Edited by Kurt Braunmüller and Gisell Ferraresi. John Benjamins Publishing. 2003. pp. 110–111.
1260:
Despite these conflicts, the literary tradition of Belarus evolved. Until the 17th century, the
2447:
consisting of an influx of tens of thousands of immigrants, primarily from Iraqi Kurdistan, to
1431:, like that of the entire Europe, was experiencing significant growth due to the spread of the
5085:
5027:
4989:
4979:
4959:
4949:
4934:
4929:
4909:
4879:
4847:
4832:
4807:
4743:
4580:
4555:
4535:
4515:
4505:
4395:
4377:
4346:
4279:
4196:
4170:
4061:
3937:
3744:
3460:
3142:
3100:
3050:
3014:
2929:
2852:
2844:
2781:
2440:
1895:
1807:
1767:
1718:
1380:
1376:
1360:
1344:
1192:
1168:
1128:
1074:
1062:
297:
3533:
4974:
4899:
4869:
4570:
4485:
4430:
4400:
4351:
4311:
4294:
4284:
4219:
4191:
4123:
4056:
3924:
3492:
3408:
3227:
3084:
2773:
2362:
2216:
2038:
1694:, upon which it depended, and Lithuania, which claimed the area. After a variety of delays,
1384:
1123:
Also, with time religious conflicts started to arise. The gentry with time started to adopt
1066:
1026:
1017:
990:
978:, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, also had a significant Ruthenian population.
788:
773:
727:
1873:
in 1933 and use of Belarusian language was discouraged as exhibiting anti-soviet attitude.
359:
4610:
4585:
4373:
4356:
4201:
4031:
3540:
3523:
3070:
2901:
2840:
2815:
2669:
2347:
2285:
1679:
1630:
1493:
1269:
1239:
1070:
954:, which codified both civil and property rights. Of the territory of present-day Belarus,
923:
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758:
600:
514:
502:
498:
3162:
2662:
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resulted in amendments to the constitution that removed key powers from the parliament.
787:
in 1432–36 — relied on the Eastern Orthodox Ruthenian majority, while most monarchs and
4560:
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4545:
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4520:
4510:
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4261:
4224:
4128:
3626:
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2269:
2242:
2126:
2108:
1999:, with the symbolics similar to BNR. In reality, however, the Germans imposed a brutal
1854:
1795:
1721:
returned to Belarus, joining Belarusian anti-Soviet units, the "Green Oak" (in Polish,
1618:
1436:
1368:
1315:
1284:
1204:
1184:
1152:
1132:
971:
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580:
510:
486:
416:
384:
368:
289:
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204:
76:
3373:"Belarus opposition says government forced Ryanair plane to land to arrest journalist"
3254:"The Politics of Nuclear Renunanciation: The Cases of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine"
2953:
The Language Rights of National Minorities in the Second Republic of Poland, 1918–1939
2495:
1151:. Possibly to avoid such conflicts, in 1595 the Orthodox hierarchs of Kiev signed the
1143:
was marked by numerous attempts to spread Catholicism, mostly through his support for
687:
in the 15th century. The territory of modern-day Belarus was fully within its borders.
5121:
4656:
4455:
2281:
2224:
2220:
2164:
2144:
2113:
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2015:
Since the early days of the occupation, a powerful and increasingly well-coordinated
1830:
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1235:
1200:
1117:
560:
412:
343:
Archaeological discoveries show what is now Belarus had human inhabitants during the
3046:
The SS Hunter Battalions: The Hidden History of the Nazi Resistance Movement 1944-45
1283:. Thus, a new period in Belarusian history began, with all its lands annexed by the
1245:
4615:
4445:
4316:
4234:
3502:
3295:
2979:
2406:
1976:
1922:
1877:
1838:
1790:
was declared on 31 July 1920. Piłsudski, however, halted the Soviet advance at the
1687:
1614:
1585:
1570:
1414:. In 1862-1863 Kalinowski published first newspaper in modern Belarusian language,
1090:
596:
588:
576:
328:
320:
309:
254:
181:
91:
2050:
981:
331:
as a result of the war. Belarus became an independent state in 1991 following the
17:
3545:
3454:
3281:
2949:
Uprawnienia językowe mniejszości narodowych w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1939
1613:
was declared. On 17 February 1919 it was disbanded. Part of it was included into
4600:
4478:
4463:
4435:
4271:
3988:
3881:
2808:
2683:"History of Belarus was formed probably on the basis of the three Slavic tribes"
2125:
After the end of War in 1945, Belarus became one of the founding members of the
2086:
1980:
1969:
1866:
1850:
1786:, Minsk itself was re-captured by the Soviet Red Army on 11 July 1920 and a new
1775:
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1655:
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1403:
1398:
the national cultures were repressed due to the policies of de-Polonization and
1231:
1124:
1058:
912:
849:
626:
459:
432:
408:
344:
246:
60:
2777:
2740:
4363:
3621:
3559:
2977:
2849:
The Baltic States: Years of Independence – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, 1917–40
2021:
1870:
1223:
1113:
811:
388:
2785:
730:
faith among the population in eastern and southern regions of the state, the
599:), and the prolific, original Church Slavonic sermons and writings of Bishop
4410:
3231:
2631:
2609:
2448:
2234:
2180:
2172:
2066:
1945:
1733:
1339:
1333:
Under Russian administration, the territory of Belarus was divided into the
1305:
935:
719:
679:
471:
467:
436:
348:
2955:, Polish with an English summary), Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warsaw, pp. 164–165
2762:"Kastus Kalinouski: Leader of the National Uprising in Byelorussia 1863-64"
902:
3099:
Andrew Savchenko, Belarus: A Perpetual Borderland, page 135, BRILL, 2009,
1183:(1623, 1633). This left the population of the Grand Duchy divided between
4620:
4415:
3196:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. 24 April 2013.
2098:
2070:
1858:
1749:
1581:
1227:
1164:
1089:. Initially mostly Ruthenian and Orthodox, with time most of them became
1049:
799:
754:
424:
1443:
in 1861 and the construction of railways in the late 19th century (with
942:, present-day Belarusian territories were still regarded as part of the
481:
4490:
4301:
3596:
3356:
U.S. no longer recognizes Lukashenko as legitimate president of Belarus
2238:
2215:
situated close to the border with Belarus. It is regarded as the worst
2062:
2025:
1886:
1881:
1865:
tens of thousands people of many nationalities were killed. Belarusian
1512:
1448:
1326:
1180:
1176:
1148:
1108:
1098:
1094:
975:
959:
955:
931:
874: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
807:
651: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
518:
463:
448:
428:
400:
392:
376:
242:
3489:— forums and library (in Belarusian and Russian) on Belarusian history
3436:"Putin Ally Lukashenko Faces Revolt From Officers Against Ukraine War"
2496:"History of Belarus | Events, People, Dates, & Facts | Britannica"
1367:'s occupation. With Napoleon's defeat, Belarus again became a part of
768:
language, a further stage in the evolving differentiation between the
2456:
2452:
2333:
2168:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1783:
1745:
1726:
1691:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1452:
1196:
1172:
1082:
967:
916:
704:
564:
435:
people, had an economy which included trade in agricultural produce,
420:
396:
4139:
2049:
to infiltrate the Soviet rear. In 1944 thirty Belarusians (known as
2008:
against the Nazis occurred in 1942 in Belarus, in the small town of
3565:
2129:. Joining Belarus was the Soviet Union itself and another republic
3616:
2745:
Vossoyedineniye uniatov i istoričeskiye sud'bi Belorusskogo naroda
2437:
2390:
2307:
2188:
2151:
More than 200,000 ethnic Poles left or were expelled to Poland in
2135:
2094:
1949:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1916:
1826:
1820:
1752:
1741:
1667:
1507:
1487:
1460:
1456:
1444:
1320:
1304:
1244:
1219:
1107:
1054:
980:
963:
901:
824:
793:
791:
increasingly came to reflect the opinions of the Roman Catholics.
690:
678:
568:
532:
480:
475:
452:
444:
404:
380:
1218:, the goal of which was to loot, pillage and capture slaves into
695:
Position of Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Eastern Europe until 1434
2462:
Belarus allowed its territory to be used by Putin's army in the
2381:
2176:
2160:
2082:
1891:
1842:
1549:
started to flourish. German administration allowed schools with
1160:
1030:
947:
700:
522:
4716:
4143:
3569:
3319:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
2741:Воссоединение униатов и исторические судьбы Белорусского народа
2024:
diversion of 30 July 1943 four German trains with supplies and
1387:
uprisings of the gentry were subdued by the government forces.
288:
in the 18th century, Belarusian territories became part of the
1890:) were settled in the lands formerly belonging to the Russian
843:
620:
440:
3213:"The Budapest memorandum and Russia's Itervention in Ukraine"
2748:
2369:
in presidential elections again criticized as flawed by most
1894:
family and Russian aristocracy. Belarusian representation in
757:' reign until the late 17th century when it was replaced by
462:
was probably formed on the basis of the three Slavic tribes—
3554:
3549:
3486:
2042:
1584:
territory, and for the next few years in the newly created
1203:
migrated west, seeking refuge in the Rzeczpospolita, which
296:, different states arose competing for legitimacy amid the
3516:
2726:
Russian policy towards the Belarussian gentry in 1861–1914
1541:
On 21 February 1918, Minsk was captured by German troops.
3404:"Belarus dictator weaponizes illegal migrants against EU"
2466:
to stage and launch forces from the north into Ukraine.
1849:
was also formed. This was however soon ended during the
2995:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian & Eurasian History
2546:
Aspects of Multilingualism in European Language History
1995:
attempted to establish a puppet Belarusian government,
1569:
was pronounced on 25 March 1918, as part of the German
509:) fostered the emergence of a new geopolitical entity,
1127:
while the common people by large remained faithful to
273:
of the 13th century, these lands were absorbed by the
3161:. US Department of State. 23 May 1992. Archived from
2639:
2617:
1069:
of 1413, the local nobility was assimilated into the
2993:
Franziska Exeler, "What Did You Do during the War?"
2659:
Zbiegostwo ludności Rosji w granice Rzeczypospolitej
2272:
of Belarus, the top leadership position in Belarus.
2004:
were killed. One of the first uprisings of a Jewish
1909:
German occupation of Byelorussia during World War II
1861:. Thousands were deported to Asia. As the result of
1238:, were captured and enslaved during the time of the
5099:
5051:
5013:
4750:
4649:
4454:
4270:
4210:
4177:
4017:
3970:
3894:
3757:
3694:
3607:
3529:
Miensk Voivodeship Officials of 16th-18th centuries
3453:Ioffe, Grigory; Silitski, Vitali (15 August 2018).
3296:"Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko under fire"
1576:In December 1918, Mitteleuropa was obsolete as the
1085:). Eventually, it formed a significant part of the
958:was the largest urban centre, followed by Vitebsk,
1964:on September 17, 1939, following the terms of the
1591:Rada (Council) of the People's Republic of Belarus
828:of eight Orthodox bishops, the Grand Duke and the
300:, ultimately ending with the consolidation of the
1623:Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1537:Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
974:, whose population exceeded 10,000. In addition,
2167:and post-AK resistance was the strongest in the
1853:, when almost all prominent Belarusian national
1794:and resumed his eastward offensive. Finally the
993:, superimposed on present-day national borders.
595:", a national symbol and treasure stolen during
139:Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2689:. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018
2401:Lukashenko's disputed victory in the country's
379:begins with the migration and expansion of the
315:The republic was devastated as a result of the
3282:"'Hundreds of protesters arrested' in Belarus"
2614:Vnutripolitičeskie rezul'tati Lyublinskoy unii
2445:2021–2022 Belarus–European Union border crisis
1249:Foreign occupation of the Commonwealth during
1139:. However, the rule of an ultra-Catholic King
4728:
4155:
3581:
2610:Внутриполитические результаты Люблинской унии
2519:
2073:, which had already liberated Belarus during
783:Several Lithuanian monarchs — the last being
222:
8:
3139:Belarus And The Independence Day That Wasn't
2275:On 25 August 1991, after the failure of the
2230:effects of the Chernobyl accident in Belarus
1736:: J. Dziergacz). When on 8 August 1919, the
1662:. Centered on the historical capital of the
1427:In the second half of the 19th century, the
3550:Official Website of the Republic of Belarus
2897:
2895:
2595:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
2570:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
2459:via those countries' borders with Belarus.
1707:Belarusian Soviet Republic and West Belarus
1553:, previously banned in Russia; a number of
989:with its major subdivisions after the 1618
798:Church of the Saviour's Transfiguration in
4735:
4721:
4713:
4162:
4148:
4140:
3976:
3900:
3763:
3700:
3588:
3574:
3566:
2720:
2718:
1837:The Polish part of Belarus was subject to
253:and were split between different regional
229:
215:
28:
2809:История строительства дорог 1850–1900 гг.
2035:Belarusian resistance during World War II
1806:, ceasing the preparations only when the
1463:becoming significant industrial centres.
890:Learn how and when to remove this message
667:Learn how and when to remove this message
3685:
2926:Military colonization of Kresy 1920–1945
1829:(Western Belarus) until WWII. (Photo by
1686:), for 18 months the entity served as a
1611:Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia
1475:
1301:Belarusian history in the Russian Empire
548:Between the 9th and 12th centuries, the
391:settled on the territory of present-day
358:
3127:Последствия аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС
2851:. C. Hurst & Co. pp. 100–102.
2487:
1703:'s confederation plans by Polish ally.
915:, 1869, 298×512 cm, National Museum in
734:was a widely used colloquial language.
323:, and its territory was expanded after
147:
104:
68:
52:
42:
31:
3669:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
2700:
2359:Lukashenko was re-elected as president
2357:and were presumably killed. In 2001,
1857:were executed, many of them buried in
1788:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
505:developed by 8th-century missionaries
302:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
174:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
4744:History of current European countries
3438:. Newsweek Digital LLC. 10 July 2022.
2922:Kresowe osadnictwo wojskowe 1920–1945
2920:Stobniak-Smogorzewska, Janina (2003)
1933:Mass murder of Soviet civilians near
1825:Traditional Jewish life continued in
1774:, who envisioned the formation of an
1093:. This was especially true for major
563:of a bishopric and the controller of
7:
3483:— the Belarusian Government in exile
3270:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3241:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3182:. treaties.un.org. 3 September 2012.
3043:Alexander Perry Biddiscombe (2006).
2888:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2881:(in Polish). F. Mildner & Sons.
1975:After twenty months of Soviet rule,
1755:. In the summer of 1920, during the
872:adding citations to reliable sources
649:adding citations to reliable sources
4677:History of the Mediterranean region
3517:History of Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3263:(22). The Henry L. Stimson Center.
1191:parts. At the same time, after the
387:between the 6th and 8th centuries.
3560:History of Belarus in five minutes
3534:Belarus 1994 Presidential Election
3416:from the original on 5 August 2021
2845:"The Early Stages of Independence"
2533:Penguin Historical Atlas of Russia
2531:John Channon & Robert Hudson,
2415:United Nations Human Rights Office
2298:Commonwealth of Independent States
1880:, up to 30,000 families of Polish
1652:1st Lithuanian–Belarusian Division
277:, which later was merged into the
25:
3882:Union State of Russia and Belarus
3507:United States Department of State
3344:. eeas.europa.eu. 24 August 2020.
3252:Potter, William C. (April 1995).
2906:Forming of the Belarussian nation
2760:Horosko, Leo (16 December 1965).
2405:led to widespread allegations of
1359:. Belarusians were active in the
1159:and placing themselves under the
1135:of 1573 codified the preexisting
751:West Russian Chancellery language
4662:Bibliography of European history
4257:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
3456:Historical Dictionary of Belarus
3402:Whitmore, Brian (30 June 2021).
3383:from the original on 23 May 2021
2464:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1279:Eventually, by 1795, Poland was
1207:to freely practice their faith.
1155:, breaking their links with the
1040:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
848:
625:
556:south of it was a lesser power.
198:
4687:History of Western civilization
4290:Christianity in the Middle Ages
2294:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2107:after the war. The fortress of
859:needs additional citations for
636:needs additional citations for
333:dissolution of the Soviet Union
4531:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4474:Christianity in the modern era
4245:Christianity in late antiquity
3664:Belarusian Democratic Republic
3647:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2017:Belarusian resistance movement
1212:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1000:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
987:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
928:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
840:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
279:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
133:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
4682:History of the European Union
3843:Presidential Security Service
3679:Annexation of Western Belarus
3009:Mironowicz, Eugeniusz (1999)
2766:Journal of Belarusian Studies
2565:Litovsko–russkoye gosydarstvo
2209:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
1985:killed thousands of prisoners
1643:Republic of Central Lithuania
1637:Republic of Central Lithuania
1617:, and part was joined to the
1561:by Germans, according to the
1480:The territory claimed by the
1063:Northern and Baltic Crusaders
1061:fleeing persecution from the
715:, beginning with the rule of
495:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
312:when it was founded in 1922.
3828:Ministry of Internal Affairs
3459:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2561:Литовско–русское государство
2326:elected president of Belarus
1863:Polish operation of the NKVD
1800:People's Republic of Belarus
1713:Soviet repression in Belarus
1567:People's Republic of Belarus
1533:People's Republic of Belarus
1521:People's Republic of Belarus
1498:People's Republic of Belarus
1482:People's Republic of Belarus
1281:partitioned by its neighbors
1264:, the predecessor of modern
822:was responsible only to the
573:Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom
493:The common cultural bond of
269:, and others. Following the
165:Belarusian People's Republic
4641:Russian invasion of Ukraine
4252:Crisis of the Third Century
3791:Central Election Commission
2872:Żeligowski, Lucjan (1943).
2409:, which strongly amplified
2396:2020–21 Belarusian protests
2346:In 1999 opposition leaders
2268:became the chairman of the
2127:United Nations Organisation
1717:Some time in 1918 or 1919,
1379:. The independence seeking
1157:Patriarch of Constantinople
830:Patriarch of Constantinople
501:(a literary and liturgical
5144:
4697:Military history of Europe
4692:Maritime history of Europe
3073:. U.S. Department of State
2778:10.30965/20526512-00101005
2403:2020 presidential election
2365:. In 2006, Lukashenko was
2292:, to formally declare the
2257:
2141:50 years of Soviet Belarus
1906:
1847:Polish Autonomous District
1710:
1545:was the short period when
1530:
1294:
911:of 1569, oil on canvas by
703:, which climaxed with the
610:
507:Saints Cyril and Methodius
292:. In the aftermath of the
4667:Genetic history of Europe
4094:
3979:
3903:
3766:
3703:
3481:Belarus National Republic
3049:. Tempus. p. 66/67.
3031:Anti-Soviet conspiracy...
2707:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2636:Tserkovnaya uniya 1596 g.
2520:Ioffe & Silitski 2018
2296:and the formation of the
2223:. It produced a plume of
2163:or deported to Siberia.
2037:, special units of local
1991:During World War II, the
1759:, Piasecki fought in the
1609:. On 2 January 1919, the
1441:emancipation of the serfs
1439:, particularly after the
836:from several chronicles.
741:variety of the language (
3823:State Security Committee
3771:Administrative divisions
3642:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3284:. BBC. 20 December 2010.
3211:Yost, David (May 2015).
3013:, Trio, Warsaw, p. 136.
2983:, Revolution from Abroad
2947:Ogonowski, Jerzy (2000)
2663:Table of Contents online
2411:anti-government protests
2376:In 2010, Lukashenko was
2069:behind the lines of the
2057:) and personally led by
1956:of the city, August 1941
1913:The Holocaust in Belarus
1664:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1375:constituted part of the
1311:Second battle of Polotsk
1297:Russification of Belarus
1195:in the Orthodox Church (
1009:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
944:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
713:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
685:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
617:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
607:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
571:in the west. The city's
275:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
97:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4672:History of Christianity
3948:International sanctions
3632:Principality of Polotsk
3539:13 October 2008 at the
3522:1 February 2009 at the
3232:10.1111/1468-2346.12279
2847:. In Gerald Onn (ed.).
2318:Belarusian constitution
1997:Belarusian Central Rada
1966:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
1903:Belarus in World War II
1816:Border Protection Corps
1563:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1314:(1812), as depicted by
1073:by means of the formal
1071:traditional clan system
938:became subjects of the
550:Principality of Polotsk
365:Principality of Polotsk
115:Early elective monarchy
82:Principality of Polotsk
4793:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4496:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4027:Awards and decorations
2814:4 January 2009 at the
2632:Церковная уния 1596 г.
2535:(Penguin, 1995), p.16.
2434:Minsk National Airport
2419:protesters were killed
2398:
2313:
2203:On 26 April 1986, the
2148:
2111:was awarded the title
1960:When the Soviet Union
1957:
1938:
1926:
1834:
1812:Soviet raid on Stołpce
1683:
1675:
1625:, informally known as
1528:
1505:
1485:
1424:), in a Latin script.
1330:
1318:
1257:
1120:
1044:
919:
803:
696:
688:
545:
490:
372:
4576:Industrial Revolution
3637:Principality of Turov
3220:International Affairs
2820:Byelorussian Railways
2724:Żytko, Anatol (1999)
2668:12 March 2006 at the
2430:Belarusian government
2394:
2378:re-elected once again
2367:once again re-elected
2311:
2290:Belavezhskaya Pushcha
2266:Stanislav Shushkevich
2159:, some killed by the
2139:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1824:
1511:
1491:
1479:
1433:Industrial Revolution
1324:
1308:
1248:
1214:suffered a series of
1111:
1075:procedure of adoption
984:
905:
797:
694:
682:
585:Euphrosyne of Polotsk
554:Principality of Turov
536:
521:(now in Belarus) and
484:
403:, assimilating local
362:
281:in the 16th century.
87:Principality of Turov
4631:European debt crisis
4626:European integration
4566:Age of Enlightenment
4406:Republic of Florence
4082:World Heritage Sites
3362:(24 September 2020).
3302:. 11 September 2020.
3141:- by Tom Balmforth,
2908:. RYTM. pp. 247–248.
2428:was diverted by the
2322:Alexander Lukashenko
2041:were trained by the
1730:Wiaczesław Adamowicz
1648:the staged rebellion
1412:Konstanty Kalinowski
1255:Khmelnytsky Uprising
868:improve this article
645:improve this article
613:Kingdom of Lithuania
474:—as well as several
306:constituent republic
286:Partitions of Poland
5014:States with limited
4596:Revolutions of 1848
4526:Early modern France
4307:Anglo-Saxon England
4212:Classical antiquity
3686:Republic of Belarus
3512:Belarusian diaspora
3168:on 12 January 2008.
2426:Ryanair Flight 4978
2330:Budapest Memorandum
2260:Politics of Belarus
2249:Republic of Belarus
2197:Minsk Tractor Plant
2075:Operation Bagration
2030:Operation Bagration
1696:a disputed election
1650:of soldiers of the
1621:to form the LBSSR,
1551:Belarusian language
1525:Republic of Belarus
1523:in 1918 and of the
1502:Republic of Belarus
1500:in 1918 and of the
1408:Władysław Syrokomla
1042:, Commonwealth fief
952:Lithuanian Statutes
926:in 1569 led to the
815:Sigismund I the Old
593:Cross of Euphrosyne
371:in the 11th century
327:was annexed by the
188:Republic of Belarus
5128:History of Belarus
4702:Crusading movement
4606:Russian Revolution
4441:Hundred Years' War
4337:Maritime republics
4240:Early Christianity
4230:Hellenistic period
4187:Paleolithic Europe
3933:Telecommunications
3728:Biosphere Reserves
3674:Western Belorussia
3497:CIA World Factbook
3322:. 1 September 2020
2749:Pravoslavie portal
2500:www.britannica.com
2476:Outline of Belarus
2399:
2314:
2219:in the history of
2205:Chernobyl disaster
2149:
1958:
1939:
1927:
1835:
1761:Battle of Radzymin
1633:on 8 August 1919.
1580:withdrew from the
1565:, the short-lived
1555:Belarusian schools
1547:Belarusian culture
1529:
1506:
1486:
1429:Belarusian economy
1331:
1319:
1262:Ruthenian language
1258:
1171:took the towns of
1145:counterreformation
1141:Sigismund III Vasa
1137:freedom of worship
1121:
1045:
920:
804:
732:Ruthenian language
697:
689:
567:territories among
546:
544:(painting of 1770)
542:Rogneda of Polotsk
525:(now in Ukraine).
491:
373:
325:Western Belorussia
294:Russian Revolution
205:Belarus portal
121:Deluge and decline
18:Belarusian history
5115:
5114:
4710:
4709:
4636:COVID-19 pandemic
4581:French Revolution
4556:Habsburg monarchy
4536:Cossack Hetmanate
4516:Portuguese Empire
4506:Absolute monarchy
4501:Thirty Years' War
4396:Holy Roman Empire
4321:Bulgarian Empire
4280:Early Middle Ages
4197:Bronze Age Europe
4171:History of Europe
4137:
4136:
4090:
4089:
3966:
3965:
3890:
3889:
3860:Political parties
3798:Foreign relations
3753:
3752:
3466:978-1-5381-1706-4
3261:Occasional Papers
3143:Radio Free Europe
3129:. expo2000.bsu.by
2928:), Warsaw, RYTM,
2875:Zapomniane prawdy
2640:belarus.by portal
2618:Belarus.by portal
2441:Roman Protasevich
2079:Białowieża Forest
2039:collaborationists
1896:Polish parliament
1814:. Poland created
1808:League of Nations
1804:national uprising
1768:League of Nations
1757:Polish–Soviet War
1719:Sergiusz Piasecki
1660:Lucjan Żeligowski
1377:Northwestern Krai
1363:movement against
1169:Severyn Nalyvaiko
1129:Eastern Orthodoxy
900:
899:
892:
677:
676:
669:
517:(now in Russia),
460:Belarusian ethnos
317:German occupation
304:, which became a
298:Russian Civil War
239:
238:
16:(Redirected from
5135:
5052:Dependencies and
4751:Sovereign states
4737:
4730:
4723:
4714:
4571:Great Divergence
4486:Age of Discovery
4431:Late Middle Ages
4401:High Middle Ages
4312:Byzantine Empire
4295:Christianization
4285:Migration Period
4220:Classical Greece
4192:Neolithic Europe
4164:
4157:
4150:
4141:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4072:National symbols
4032:Belarusian names
3977:
3928:
3901:
3764:
3701:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3567:
3470:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3409:Atlantic Council
3399:
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3392:
3390:
3388:
3369:
3363:
3352:
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3345:
3338:
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3329:
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3310:
3304:
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3292:
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3278:
3272:
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3269:
3258:
3249:
3243:
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3217:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3146:
3145:, 25 August 2011
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3085:Yalta Conference
3080:
3078:
3071:"United Nations"
3067:
3061:
3060:
3040:
3034:
3027:
3021:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2969:
2962:
2956:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2902:Janowicz, Sokrat
2899:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2880:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2841:Rauch, Georg von
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2757:
2751:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2728:, Minsk, p. 551.
2722:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2678:
2672:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2630:
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2620:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2492:
2424:On 23 May 2021,
2217:nuclear accident
2207:occurred at the
1792:Battle of Warsaw
1417:Mużyckaja prauda
1274:Academy of Vilna
1131:. Initially the
1067:Union of Horodlo
1037:
1027:Duchy of Prussia
1024:
1018:Duchy of Livonia
1015:
1006:
997:
991:Truce of Deulino
895:
888:
884:
881:
875:
852:
844:
728:Eastern Orthodox
672:
665:
661:
658:
652:
629:
621:
419:(in Russia) and
271:Mongol invasions
231:
224:
217:
203:
202:
201:
127:Three partitions
47:
29:
21:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5095:
5053:
5047:
5033:Northern Cyprus
5015:
5009:
4925:North Macedonia
4746:
4741:
4711:
4706:
4645:
4611:Interwar period
4586:Napoleonic Wars
4450:
4421:Mongol invasion
4374:Crown of Aragon
4266:
4206:
4202:Iron Age Europe
4173:
4168:
4138:
4133:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4086:
4077:Public holidays
4013:
3962:
3926:
3886:
3833:Internal Troops
3818:Law enforcement
3749:
3723:Protected areas
3690:
3603:
3594:
3546:Belarus history
3541:Wayback Machine
3524:Wayback Machine
3477:
3467:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3379:. 23 May 2021.
3371:
3370:
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3340:
3339:
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3311:
3307:
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3280:
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3209:
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3192:
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3110:
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3069:
3068:
3064:
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3042:
3041:
3037:
3028:
3024:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2992:
2988:
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2963:
2959:
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2917:
2916:
2912:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2816:Wayback Machine
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2716:
2699:
2692:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2670:Wayback Machine
2655:Jerzy Czajewski
2651:
2650:
2646:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2557:
2556:
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2530:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2472:
2348:Yury Zacharanka
2341:1996 referendum
2306:
2288:of Ukraine, in
2286:Leonid Kravchuk
2262:
2256:
2251:
2123:
1915:
1907:Main articles:
1905:
1772:Józef Piłsudski
1715:
1709:
1701:Józef Piłsudski
1639:
1605:and finally to
1539:
1531:Main articles:
1474:
1469:
1422:Peasants' Truth
1390:Although under
1369:Imperial Russia
1303:
1295:Main articles:
1293:
1270:Polish language
1240:Crimean Khanate
1210:From 1569, the
1043:
1035:
1033:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1004:
1002:
995:
985:Outline of the
976:Vilna (Vilnius)
924:Union of Lublin
908:Union of Lublin
896:
885:
879:
876:
865:
853:
842:
766:Church Slavonic
717:Lithuanian King
708:sacking of Kiev
673:
662:
656:
653:
642:
630:
619:
611:Main articles:
609:
601:Kirill of Turov
531:
503:Slavic language
499:Church Slavonic
375:The history of
357:
341:
339:Prehistoric era
249:became part of
235:
199:
197:
178:
176:
169:
167:
160:
141:
45:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5141:
5139:
5131:
5130:
5120:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5107:European Union
5103:
5101:
5100:Other entities
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5054:other entities
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
5000:United Kingdom
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
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4907:
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4897:
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4887:
4882:
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4867:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4813:Czech Republic
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
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4638:
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4628:
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4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4561:Russian Empire
4558:
4553:
4551:British Empire
4548:
4546:Dutch Republic
4543:
4541:Swedish Empire
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4521:Spanish Empire
4518:
4513:
4511:Ottoman Empire
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4426:Serbian Empire
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4354:
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4332:
4327:
4319:
4314:
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4304:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4262:Late antiquity
4259:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4225:Roman Republic
4222:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
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4169:
4167:
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4159:
4152:
4144:
4135:
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4132:
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4126:
4119:
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4111:
4104:
4096:
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4092:
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4088:
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4079:
4074:
4069:
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4044:
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4029:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3953:Stock exchange
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3870:Prime Minister
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3815:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3794:
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3783:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3733:National parks
3730:
3720:
3715:
3713:Extreme points
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3652:Russian Empire
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3557:
3552:
3543:
3531:
3526:
3514:
3509:
3500:
3490:
3484:
3476:
3475:External links
3473:
3472:
3471:
3465:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3427:
3394:
3377:Deutsche Welle
3364:
3347:
3333:
3305:
3287:
3273:
3244:
3226:(3): 505–538.
3203:
3185:
3171:
3147:
3131:
3119:
3108:
3092:
3062:
3055:
3035:
3022:
2999:
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2621:
2599:
2574:
2550:
2537:
2524:
2522:, p. 137.
2512:
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2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2371:European Union
2352:Viktar Hanchar
2305:
2304:Lukashenko era
2302:
2284:of Russia and
2270:Supreme Soviet
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:thyroid cancer
2122:
2119:
2059:Michał Vituška
1962:invaded Poland
1904:
1901:
1855:intelligentsia
1796:Treaty of Riga
1780:Kiev offensive
1708:
1705:
1638:
1635:
1631:captured Minsk
1619:Lithuanian SSR
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1437:Eastern Europe
1316:Peter von Hess
1292:
1291:Russian Empire
1289:
1285:Russian Empire
1189:Greek Orthodox
1185:Greek Catholic
1153:Union of Brest
1133:Warsaw Compact
1034:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
898:
897:
856:
854:
847:
841:
838:
747:Old Belarusian
675:
674:
633:
631:
624:
608:
605:
581:Constantinople
530:
528:
527:
489:, 11th century
385:Eastern Europe
381:Slavic peoples
356:
353:
340:
337:
290:Russian Empire
284:Following the
255:principalities
237:
236:
234:
233:
226:
219:
211:
208:
207:
194:
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185:
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157:Russian Empire
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5066:Faroe Islands
5064:
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5050:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5038:South Ossetia
5036:
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4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4885:Liechtenstein
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
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4868:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
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4753:
4749:
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4738:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4724:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:Art of Europe
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
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4477:
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4475:
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4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4456:Modern period
4453:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
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4422:
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4016:
4010:
4007:
4005:
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4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
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3981:
3978:
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3657:Russification
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3105:9789004174481
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3096:
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3066:
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3058:
3052:
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3047:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:83-85660-82-8
3016:
3012:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
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2964:Ruchniewicz,
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2941:
2938:
2935:
2934:83-7399-006-2
2931:
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2858:0-903983-00-1
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2363:authoritarian
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2287:
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2282:Boris Yeltsin
2278:
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2267:
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2253:
2248:
2246:
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2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2221:nuclear power
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2165:Armia Krajowa
2162:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2145:postage stamp
2142:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2121:Post-war BSSR
2120:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2114:Hero-Fortress
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2081:in 1945. The
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:Otto Skorzeny
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1988:August 1941.
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1952:during their
1951:
1947:
1946:German troops
1943:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
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1832:
1831:Alter Kacyzne
1828:
1823:
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1600:
1596:
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1579:
1578:German Empire
1574:
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1564:
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1556:
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1544:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1522:
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1514:
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1499:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1472:BNR and LBSSR
1471:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:Russification
1397:
1396:Alexander III
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1313:
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1307:
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1290:
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1282:
1277:
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1263:
1256:
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1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:Old Believers
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1118:Napoleon Orda
1115:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:. Since the
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
988:
983:
979:
977:
973:
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965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
918:
914:
910:
909:
904:
894:
891:
883:
873:
869:
863:
862:
857:This section
855:
851:
846:
845:
839:
837:
833:
831:
827:
826:
821:
816:
813:
809:
801:
796:
792:
790:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
723:
721:
718:
714:
709:
706:
702:
693:
686:
681:
671:
668:
660:
650:
646:
640:
639:
634:This section
632:
628:
623:
622:
618:
614:
606:
604:
603:(1130–1182).
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:episcopal see
557:
555:
551:
543:
540:and princess
539:
535:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
488:
483:
479:
477:
476:Baltic tribes
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:Dnieper Balts
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
366:
361:
355:Early history
354:
352:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:The lands of
232:
227:
225:
220:
218:
213:
212:
210:
209:
206:
196:
195:
189:
186:
183:
180:
175:
171:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
140:
136:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
111:
110:
107:
103:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:
67:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
51:
48:
41:
36:
30:
27:
19:
5043:Transnistria
5005:Vatican City
4782:
4616:World War II
4469:Early modern
4446:Kalmar Union
4317:Papal States
4235:Roman Empire
4115:Bibliography
3984:Demographics
3918:Central bank
3808:Human rights
3781:Constitution
3608:
3487:Stary Hetman
3455:
3447:Bibliography
3430:
3418:. Retrieved
3407:
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3376:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3336:
3324:. Retrieved
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3276:
3260:
3247:
3223:
3219:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3174:
3163:the original
3150:
3134:
3122:
3111:
3095:
3082:
3077:22 September
3075:. Retrieved
3065:
3045:
3038:
3033:, pp859–860.
3030:
3029:Strużyńska,
3025:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2989:
2980:Jan T. Gross
2973:
2965:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2874:
2867:
2848:
2835:
2826:
2806:(in Russian)
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2772:(1): 30–35.
2769:
2765:
2755:
2744:
2738:(in Russian)
2733:
2725:
2691:. Retrieved
2686:
2676:
2658:
2647:
2635:
2629:(in Russian)
2624:
2613:
2607:(in Russian)
2602:
2593:
2589:
2582:(in Russian)
2577:
2568:
2564:
2558:(in Russian)
2553:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2461:
2423:
2407:vote rigging
2400:
2375:
2345:
2338:
2315:
2274:
2263:
2254:Independence
2202:
2185:
2150:
2140:
2124:
2112:
2102:
2091:
2054:
2014:
1990:
1977:Nazi Germany
1974:
1959:
1923:Minsk Ghetto
1921:Jews in the
1885:
1878:West Belarus
1875:
1839:Polonization
1836:
1765:
1722:
1716:
1688:buffer state
1640:
1626:
1615:Russian SFSR
1586:power vacuum
1575:
1571:Mitteleuropa
1540:
1527:in 1991-1995
1517:Coat of Arms
1504:in 1991-1995
1467:20th century
1426:
1421:
1415:
1389:
1372:
1338:
1335:governorates
1332:
1309:
1278:
1259:
1209:
1205:allowed them
1122:
1086:
1078:
1048:
1046:
940:Polish Crown
921:
906:
886:
877:
866:Please help
861:verification
858:
834:
823:
820:metropolitan
805:
782:
763:
750:
746:
742:
736:
724:
698:
663:
654:
643:Please help
638:verification
635:
597:World War II
589:Lazar Bohsha
577:Hagia Sophia
558:
547:
497:and written
492:
457:
374:
342:
329:Soviet Union
321:World War II
314:
310:Soviet Union
283:
257:, including
240:
182:West Belarus
106:Early Modern
92:Golden Horde
43:
26:
5081:Isle of Man
5016:recognition
4985:Switzerland
4920:Netherlands
4601:World War I
4591:Nationalism
4479:Reformation
4464:Renaissance
4436:Black Death
4369:Kievan Rus'
4272:Middle Ages
3989:Belarusians
3908:Agriculture
3627:Kievan Rus'
3326:1 September
3007:(in Polish)
2966:Stosunki...
2945:(in Polish)
2918:(in Polish)
2652:(in Polish)
2373:countries.
2355:disappeared
2332:along with
2277:August Coup
2225:radioactive
2143:— a Soviet
2087:hagiography
2026:Tiger tanks
1867:orthography
1851:Great Purge
1802:prepared a
1776:Intermarium
1770:. Poland's
1738:Polish Army
1723:Zielony Dąb
1656:Polish Army
1597:, first to
1543:World War I
1404:Jan Czeczot
1232:Belarusians
1216:Tatar raids
1125:Catholicism
1059:German Jews
913:Jan Matejko
785:Švitrigaila
780:languages.
743:rus'ka mova
739:East Slavic
591:'s famous "
529:Kievan Rus'
511:Kievan Rus'
487:Kievan Rus'
458:The modern
409:Yotvingians
369:Kievan Rus'
345:Paleolithic
251:Kievan Rus'
247:Middle Ages
245:during the
190:(from 1991)
168:(from 1918)
159:(1795–1917)
123:(1648–1764)
117:(1569–1648)
77:Kievan Rus'
69:Middle ages
61:Early Slavs
44:History of
4955:San Marino
4915:Montenegro
4895:Luxembourg
4875:Kazakhstan
4778:Azerbaijan
4364:Viking Age
4179:Prehistory
4052:Literature
4042:Folk dance
3999:Healthcare
3927:(currency)
3855:Parliament
3803:Government
3776:Censorship
3622:Androphagi
3056:0752439383
2693:8 February
2687:John Learn
2681:S., John.
2482:References
2258:See also:
2195:, and the
2157:late 1950s
2153:late 1940s
2063:airdropped
2022:Asipovichy
1954:occupation
1748:school of
1725:), led by
1711:See also:
1672:Lithuanian
1601:, then to
1593:went into
1392:Nicholas I
1373:guberniyas
1340:guberniyas
1266:Belarusian
1251:The Deluge
1224:Ukrainians
1114:Novogrudok
1097:families (
812:Grand Duke
770:Belarusian
538:Vladimir I
472:Radzimians
468:Drehovians
389:East Slavs
53:Prehistory
5071:Gibraltar
4890:Lithuania
4411:Feudalism
4382:Catalonia
4047:Languages
3994:Education
3958:Transport
3865:President
3838:Militsiya
3786:Elections
3696:Geography
3562:. YouTube
2786:0075-4161
2703:cite news
2449:Lithuania
2183:regions.
2181:Shchuchyn
2173:Vawkavysk
2104:Hero City
2067:Luftwaffe
2055:Black Cat
2051:Čorny Kot
1871:Russified
1818:in 1924.
1740:captured
1734:pseudonym
1361:guerrilla
1226:but also
1103:Radziwiłł
1091:polonized
1029:, Polish
936:Podlaskie
880:June 2024
778:Ukrainian
720:Mindaugas
657:June 2024
429:animistic
349:Neolithic
184:(1919–39)
177:(1919–91)
129:(1764–95)
5122:Category
5091:Svalbard
5076:Guernsey
5023:Abkhazia
4970:Slovenia
4965:Slovakia
4940:Portugal
4798:Bulgaria
4650:See also
4621:Cold War
4416:Crusades
4386:Valencia
4124:Category
4009:Religion
4004:Language
3943:Industry
3850:Military
3759:Politics
3601:articles
3537:Archived
3520:Archived
3420:5 August
3414:Archived
3381:Archived
3300:BBC News
3265:Archived
3236:Archived
3011:Białoruś
2904:(1999).
2883:Archived
2843:(1974).
2812:Archived
2666:Archived
2590:Bratstva
2586:Братства
2470:See also
2099:Vitsebsk
2071:Red Army
1979:and its
1887:osadniks
1882:veterans
1859:Kurapaty
1750:infantry
1690:between
1582:Ober-Ost
1559:occupied
1371:and its
1365:Napoleon
1325:View of
1228:Russians
1199:), some
1147:and the
1112:View of
1087:szlachta
1081:(Polish
1079:szlachta
1050:szlachta
800:Zaslawye
789:magnates
755:Vytautas
515:Novgorod
464:Kryvians
433:agrarian
383:through
35:a series
33:Part of
4995:Ukraine
4945:Romania
4905:Moldova
4863:Ireland
4858:Iceland
4853:Hungary
4843:Germany
4838:Georgia
4828:Finland
4823:Estonia
4818:Denmark
4803:Croatia
4788:Belgium
4783:Belarus
4773:Austria
4768:Armenia
4763:Andorra
4758:Albania
4491:Baroque
4390:Majorca
4302:Francia
4101:Outline
4037:Cuisine
4019:Culture
3972:Society
3913:Banking
3896:Economy
3718:Geology
3609:History
3597:Belarus
3548:on the
3503:Belarus
3493:Belarus
3088:States.
2239:caesium
2213:Ukraine
2147:of 1969
2131:Ukraine
2065:by the
2061:) were
1833:, 1924)
1676:Vilnius
1654:of the
1519:of the
1513:Pahonia
1496:of the
1449:Vitebsk
1353:Mogilev
1349:Vitebsk
1329:in 1912
1327:Polotsk
1181:Polotsk
1177:Mogilev
1165:Cossack
1149:Jesuits
1099:Sapieha
1095:magnate
1077:by the
960:Polotsk
956:Mogilev
932:Ukraine
808:Vitebsk
774:Russian
519:Polotsk
485:Map of
449:beeswax
401:Ukraine
393:Belarus
377:Belarus
367:within
319:during
308:of the
267:Vitebsk
259:Polotsk
243:Belarus
46:Belarus
5086:Jersey
5028:Kosovo
4990:Turkey
4980:Sweden
4960:Serbia
4950:Russia
4935:Poland
4930:Norway
4910:Monaco
4880:Latvia
4848:Greece
4833:France
4808:Cyprus
4378:Aragon
4357:Amalfi
4342:Venice
4330:Second
4129:Portal
4062:Cinema
3938:Energy
3925:Ruble
3745:Swamps
3740:Rivers
3708:Cities
3599:
3499:, 2000
3463:
3387:23 May
3103:
3053:
3017:
2968:, p254
2932:
2855:
2791:1 June
2784:
2638:) in "
2505:1 June
2457:Poland
2455:, and
2453:Latvia
2334:Russia
2316:A new
2237:/m of
2169:Grodno
2010:Lakhva
2006:ghetto
2001:racist
1937:, 1943
1925:, 1941
1784:Warsaw
1753:cadets
1746:Warsaw
1727:Ataman
1692:Poland
1680:Polish
1658:under
1627:Litbel
1607:Prague
1603:Berlin
1599:Kaunas
1573:plan.
1515:, the
1484:, 1918
1453:Grodno
1357:Grodno
1355:, and
1197:Raskol
1193:schism
1173:Slutsk
1083:gentry
1055:boyars
1038:
1036:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1005:
998:
996:
970:, and
968:Slutsk
917:Warsaw
802:(1577)
759:Polish
705:Mongol
565:vassal
470:, and
421:steppe
405:Baltic
397:Russia
351:ages.
148:Modern
37:on the
5061:Åland
4975:Spain
4900:Malta
4870:Italy
4347:Genoa
4325:First
4108:Index
4067:Media
4057:Music
3617:Neuri
3505:, by
3495:, by
3360:Axios
3268:(PDF)
3257:(PDF)
3239:(PDF)
3216:(PDF)
3166:(PDF)
3159:(PDF)
2886:(PDF)
2879:(PDF)
2592:) in
2567:) in
2438:Nexta
2189:BelAZ
2109:Brest
2095:Minsk
1993:Nazis
1970:Łomża
1950:Minsk
1935:Minsk
1827:Pinsk
1742:Minsk
1684:Wilno
1668:Vilna
1595:exile
1461:Gomel
1457:Pinsk
1445:Minsk
1345:Minsk
1343:) of
1236:Poles
1220:jasyr
1116:, by
972:Brest
964:Pinsk
825:sobor
569:Balts
453:amber
445:honey
425:pagan
417:Finns
263:Turov
4352:Pisa
3875:List
3812:LGBT
3461:ISBN
3422:2021
3389:2021
3328:2020
3101:ISBN
3079:2014
3051:ISBN
3015:ISBN
2930:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2793:2022
2782:ISSN
2709:link
2695:2018
2507:2024
2382:OSCE
2350:and
2339:The
2324:was
2179:and
2177:Lida
2161:NKVD
2155:and
2097:and
2083:NKVD
1981:Axis
1911:and
1892:tsar
1869:was
1843:USSR
1641:The
1535:and
1494:flag
1492:The
1459:and
1410:and
1394:and
1385:1863
1383:and
1381:1830
1299:and
1253:and
1234:and
1187:and
1175:and
1161:Pope
1101:and
1053:and
1031:fief
948:Sejm
934:and
922:The
776:and
737:The
701:Asia
683:The
615:and
523:Kiev
451:and
441:furs
437:game
399:and
363:The
347:and
3228:doi
2774:doi
2747:),
2616:),
2588:" (
2432:to
2386:KGB
2235:kBq
2211:in
2193:MAZ
2045:'s
1948:in
1876:In
1435:to
870:by
749:or
647:by
579:in
415:),
5124::
4388:,
4384:,
4380:,
3412:.
3406:.
3375:.
3358:,
3316:.
3298:.
3259:.
3234:.
3224:91
3222:.
3218:.
3081:.
2894:^
2818:,
2780:.
2768:.
2764:.
2717:^
2705:}}
2701:{{
2685:.
2657:,
2498:.
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2300:.
2191:,
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2089:.
2043:SS
2012:.
1763:.
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1666:,
1455:,
1451:,
1447:,
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1287:.
1242:.
1230:,
966:,
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772:,
761:.
745:,
478:.
466:,
455:.
447:,
443:,
439:,
431:,
427:,
411:,
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335:.
265:,
261:,
4736:e
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2776::
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670:)
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659:)
655:(
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407:(
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