516:
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501:
327:
543:
99:
368:
74:
55:
473:
throat and chest. As a constituent of the triphala (three fruits), i.e., emblic, beleric and chebulic myrobalans, it is employed in a great number of diseases, and the kernel is sometimes used as an external application to inflamed parts. On account of its medicinal properties the tree bears the
Sanskrit synonym of Anila-ghnaka, or "wind-killing." According to the
472:
are found in India, one with nearly globular fruit, 1/2 to 3/4 inch in diameter, the other with ovate and much larger fruit. The pulp of the fruit (Beleric myrobalan) is considered by ayurvedic physicians to be astringent and laxative, and is prescribed with salt and long pepper in infections of the
488:
A description of the Fourth
Amalaka Rasaayan, which includes bibhitaki as one of the fruits: "By this treatment, the sages regained youthfulness and attained disease-free life of many hundred years, and endowed with the strength of physique, intellect and senses, practiced penance with utmost
485:, the ancient Ayurvedic text, bibhitaki fruits are mentioned as having qualities to alleviate disease, and bestow longevity, intellectual prowess and strength. There are several "rasaayan" described in the Charaka Samhita, that use bibhitaki.
468:
This tree, in
Sanskrit Bibhita and Bibhitaka (fearless), is avoided by the Hindus of Northern India, who will not sit in its shade, as it is supposed to be inhabited by demons. Two varieties of
515:
530:
500:
633:
Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, and Muḥammad Muʻīn. 1946. Loghat-nama (Dictionnaire encyclopédique). Téhéran: Université de Téhéran, Faculté des lettres, Institut Loghat-Nama: بلیله
676:
Mohibbeazam, M.; Waris, A.; Nahar, N. (2005). "Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India".
1078:
405:
book 10 hymn 34. A handful of nuts would be cast on a gaming board and the players would have to call whether an odd or even number of nuts had been thrown. In the
853:
Contains a detailed monograph on
Terminalia belerica (Bibhitaki) as well as a discussion of health benefits and usage in clinical practice. Available online at
732:
D. C. Pal, S. K. Jain, "Notes on Lodha medicine in
Midnapur District, West Bengal, India", Economic Botany, October–December 1989, Volume 43, Issue 4, pp 464-470
1117:
1342:
854:
1249:
1026:
1262:
1091:
1039:
1156:
643:
654:
409:, King Rituparna demonstrates his ability to count large numbers instantaneously by counting the number of nuts on an entire bough of a tree.
618:
711:
846:
817:
753:
360:
requirements in the US (ASTM D 6751-02, ASTM PS 121-99), Germany (DIN V 51606) and
European Union (EN 14214). The seeds are called
1352:
1275:
1065:
1096:
1347:
935:
922:
608:
855:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110515075816/http://www.toddcaldecott.com/index.php/herbs/learning-herbs/389-bibhitaki
542:
98:
1288:
1169:
1122:
342:
are about 15 cm long and crowded toward the ends of the branches. It is considered a good fodder for cattle.
769:
1357:
903:
1293:
1174:
397:
The nuts of the tree are rounded but with five flatter sides. It seems that are used as dice in the epic poem
743:
1013:
1018:
1005:
1000:
865:
326:
940:
1267:
215:
1044:
974:
794:
Pharmacographia Indica. History of the
Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin, Met with in British India
685:
278:
is a large deciduous tree in the
Combretaceae family. It is common on the plains and lower hills in
966:
387:
63:
1314:
1195:
314:(Gaertn.) Roxb.". This spelling error is now widely used, causing confusion. The correct name is
192:
93:
1161:
1083:
1236:
1130:
1109:
948:
842:
813:
749:
719:
614:
391:
642:
Cologne
Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries - Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary page 978
1135:
693:
664:
422:
299:
653:
Cologne
Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries - Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary page 3
482:
232:
136:
1148:
689:
571:
1143:
450:
367:
283:
271:
123:
1336:
1104:
580:
457:. The fruits are widely collected in the wild in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.
83:
78:
797:
54:
1319:
1241:
1200:
953:
697:
383:
182:
1227:
927:
17:
1052:
897:
398:
287:
914:
888:
347:
279:
987:
357:
1306:
1187:
1301:
1221:
1182:
882:
474:
438:
434:
430:
418:
291:
172:
149:
1254:
1031:
961:
446:
402:
1057:
350:
274:
Balilag), Persian بلیله (Balileh), Sanskrit: Vibhītaka बिभीतक, Aksha
162:
31:
859:
1280:
1070:
992:
453:
is a major trading centre of skinless baheda and entire fruits of
366:
353:
325:
236:
110:
35:
406:
379:
339:
979:
863:
770:"Nala & Damayanti 5: Nala learns the science of numbers"
1211:
872:
429:). Its fruit is used in the popular Indian herbal
748:. Boston: Harvard University Press. p. 24.
298:Gaertn. (Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 90, t. 97. 1791).
8:
421:medicine, beleric is known as "bibhitaki" (
860:
72:
53:
42:
346:seeds have an oil content of 40%, whose
562:
496:
270:(Arabic: beliledj بليلج, borrowed from
460:According to Dymock, Warden, Hooper:
7:
839:Ayurveda: The Divine Science of Life
796:, by William Dymock, 1890. pp. 5, 6
1343:IUCN Red List least concern species
581:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
1294:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170703-1
1175:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170982-1
613:. Max Niemeyer Verlag Tübingen.
541:
529:
514:
499:
449:; a town in the Malwa region of
97:
610:Addenda au FEW XIX (Orientalia)
286:, where it is also grown as an
698:10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.05.001
1:
607:Raymond, Arveiller (1999).
1374:
29:
27:Species of flowering plant
812:. Chaukhamba Orientalia.
742:Bennett, Deborah (1999).
477:the kernels are narcotic.
425:: "behada" or "bhenda") (
221:
214:
94:Scientific classification
92:
70:
61:
52:
45:
34:, a town in the state of
837:Caldecott, Todd (2006).
30:Not to be confused with
356:meets all of the major
1353:Flora of tropical Asia
808:Sharma, P. V. (1998).
716:www.cabicompendium.org
712:"Terminalia bellirica"
588:: e.T61989645A61989649
479:
462:Pharmacographia Indica
417:In traditional Indian
375:
335:
1213:Myrobalanus bellirica
678:Biomass and Bioenergy
466:
370:
329:
296:Myrobalanus bellirica
904:Terminalia bellirica
874:Terminalia bellirica
574:Terminalia bellirica
570:Plummer, J. (2021).
427:Terminalia bellirica
372:Terminalia bellirica
344:Terminalia bellirica
332:Terminalia bellirica
316:Terminalia bellirica
247:Terminalia bellirica
225:Terminalia bellirica
47:Terminalia bellirica
690:2005BmBe...29..293M
388:Indian subcontinent
64:Conservation status
1348:Terminalia (plant)
841:. Elsevier/Mosby.
445:बिभीतक. In India,
376:
336:
1330:
1329:
1131:Open Tree of Life
866:Taxon identifiers
620:978-3-11-092771-9
382:are eaten by the
268:bastard myrobalan
243:
242:
207:T. bellirica
87:
18:Beleric myrobalan
16:(Redirected from
1365:
1323:
1322:
1310:
1309:
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1284:
1283:
1271:
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1125:
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782:
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766:
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759:
739:
733:
730:
724:
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718:. Archived from
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604:
598:
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322:Leaves and seeds
318:(Gaertn.) Roxb.
300:William Roxburgh
277:
227:
102:
101:
81:
76:
75:
57:
43:
21:
1373:
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1368:
1367:
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1358:Flora of Yunnan
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1030:
1025:
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1004:
999:
991:
986:
978:
973:
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952:
947:
939:
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868:
849:
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828:
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792:
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778:
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756:
741:
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731:
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675:
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659:
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648:
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637:
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628:
621:
606:
605:
601:
591:
589:
569:
568:
564:
559:
552:
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537:
536:A fallen fruit
534:
525:
519:
510:
504:
495:
483:Charaka Samhita
415:
324:
275:
239:
229:
223:
210:
96:
88:
77:
73:
66:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1371:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:wfo-0000376705
1311:
1298:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1246:
1233:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:wfo-0001296467
1192:
1179:
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1153:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1101:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1049:
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997:
984:
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958:
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878:
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870:
869:
864:
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831:External links
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818:
810:Caraka Samhita
800:
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754:
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725:
722:on 2007-12-22.
703:
684:(4): 293–302.
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553:
547:
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513:
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498:
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451:Madhya Pradesh
414:
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323:
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284:Southeast Asia
272:Middle Persian
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26:
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14:
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862:
856:
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848:0-7234-3410-7
844:
840:
835:
834:
830:
821:
819:81-7637-011-8
815:
811:
804:
801:
798:
795:
790:
787:
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774:Math or Magic
771:
765:
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755:0-674-10746-2
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746:
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721:
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669:
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665:IPNI database
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463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:it is called
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
413:Medicinal use
412:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
392:mind-altering
389:
385:
381:
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365:
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328:
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281:
273:
269:
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261:
257:
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238:
234:
228:
226:
220:
217:
216:Binomial name
213:
209:
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138:
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124:Tracheophytes
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
100:
95:
91:
85:
80:
79:Least Concern
69:
65:
60:
56:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1212:
873:
838:
809:
803:
793:
789:
777:. Retrieved
773:
764:
744:
737:
728:
720:the original
715:
706:
681:
677:
671:
660:
649:
638:
629:
609:
602:
590:. Retrieved
585:
579:
573:
565:
549:T. bellirica
548:
523:T. bellirica
522:
508:T. bellirica
507:
487:
480:
469:
467:
461:
459:
455:T. bellirica
454:
442:
426:
416:
396:
384:Lodha people
377:
371:
361:
343:
337:
331:
315:
312:T. bellerica
311:
307:
304:M. bellirica
303:
302:transferred
295:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
245:
244:
224:
222:
206:
205:
193:
183:Combretaceae
156:
143:
130:
117:
46:
40:
1149:tro-8200807
1053:iNaturalist
898:Wikispecies
779:12 February
489:devotion."
470:T. belerica
399:Mahabharata
394:qualities.
288:avenue tree
250:, known as
137:Angiosperms
1337:Categories
1144:Plant List
745:Randomness
592:6 February
557:References
433:treatment
390:for their
362:bedda nuts
348:fatty acid
308:Terminalia
194:Terminalia
1228:Q95919293
1019:200014745
1006:200014745
521:Fruit of
506:Trunk of
475:Nighantus
443:bibhītaka
419:Ayurvedic
358:biodiesel
201:Species:
107:Kingdom:
1302:Tropicos
1281:170703-1
1222:Wikidata
1183:Tropicos
1110:61989645
1084:11361051
1071:170982-1
889:Q1983629
883:Wikidata
464:(1890):
439:Sanskrit
435:triphala
431:rasayana
374:saplings
334:) fruits
330:Bahera (
292:basionym
179:Family:
173:Myrtales
150:Eudicots
84:IUCN 3.1
38:, India.
1307:8200788
1255:3699020
1188:8200807
1032:3189390
962:Ecocrop
686:Bibcode
493:Gallery
481:In the
447:neemuch
423:Marathi
403:Rigveda
401:and in
386:of the
380:kernels
264:beleric
233:Gaertn.
189:Genus:
169:Order:
111:Plantae
82: (
1268:311518
1157:PLANTS
1136:528132
1123:155021
1097:506158
1058:415642
980:483606
967:236039
941:252360
912:APDB:
845:
816:
752:
617:
351:methyl
340:leaves
290:. The
260:behada
256:bahera
252:baheda
163:Rosids
32:Bahera
1242:45D2T
1079:IRMNG
1045:36329
993:TEMBL
954:55G2C
928:65707
437:. In
354:ester
280:South
276:अक्ष)
237:Roxb.
157:Clade
144:Clade
131:Clade
118:Clade
36:Bihar
1289:POWO
1276:IPNI
1263:GRIN
1250:GBIF
1170:POWO
1162:TEBE
1118:NCBI
1105:IUCN
1092:ITIS
1066:IPNI
1040:GRIN
1027:GBIF
988:EPPO
936:BOLD
923:APNI
843:ISBN
814:ISBN
781:2011
750:ISBN
615:ISBN
594:2023
586:2021
551:tree
407:Nala
378:The
338:The
310:as "
282:and
1315:WFO
1237:CoL
1196:WFO
1014:FoC
1001:FNA
975:EoL
949:CoL
915:721
694:doi
306:to
294:is
266:or
1339::
1317::
1304::
1291::
1278::
1265::
1252::
1239::
1224::
1198::
1185::
1172::
1159::
1146::
1133::
1120::
1107::
1094::
1081::
1068::
1055::
1042::
1029::
1016::
1003::
990::
977::
964::
951::
938::
925::
900::
885::
772:.
714:.
692:.
682:29
680:.
584:.
578:.
364:.
262:,
258:,
254:,
235:)
159::
146::
133::
120::
851:.
822:.
783:.
758:.
700:.
696::
688::
623:.
596:.
576:"
572:"
231:(
86:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
