325:
1649:. Due to the Belgic coalition's size and reputation for uncommon bravery, Caesar avoided meeting the combined forces of the tribes in battle. Instead, he used cavalry to skirmish with smaller contingents of tribesmen. Only when Caesar managed to isolate one of the tribes did he risk conventional battle. The tribes fell in a piecemeal fashion and Caesar claimed to offer lenient terms to the defeated, including Roman protection from the threat of surrounding tribes. Most tribes agreed to the conditions. A series of uprisings followed the 57 BC conquest. The largest revolt was led by the
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as well perhaps as some of their neighbours who lived in the area, Caesar identified as
Belgium or Belgica. These were the leaders of the initial military alliance he confronted, and they were also more economically advanced (and therefore less "Germanic" according to Caesar's way of seeing things)
1705:
Modern historians however view the term 'Gaul' and its subdivisions as a "product of faulty ethnography" and see the split of Gallia Comata into three provinces as an attempt to construct a more efficient government, as opposed to a cultural division. Successive Roman emperors struck a balance
1623:
stated that the differences between the Celts and Belgae, in language, politics and way of life was a small one.) Modern historians interpret Caesar and the archaeological evidence as indicating that the core of the
Belgian alliance was in the present-day northernmost corner of France; the
1657:. During this rebellion, it was the Belgae who avoided direct conflict. They harassed the Roman legions, led personally by Caesar, with cavalry detachments and archers. The rebellion was put down after a Bellovaci ambush of the Romans failed. The revolting party was slaughtered.
2075:) were de facto lost forever for the Roman empire. This gave the Salian Franks a base from which they could expand some 130 years later, beginning after the disastrous Rhine crossing in 406, to conquer the whole area of the former province of Gallia Belgica and start the
1640:
Apart from the southern Remi, all the Belgic tribes allied against the Romans, angry at the Roman decision to garrison legions in their territory during the winter. At the beginning of the conflict, Caesar reported the allies' combined strength at 288,000, led by the
1615:) but he did not go into detail, except to mention that he learnt from his contacts that the Belgae had some ancestry from east of the Rhine, which he referred to as Germania. Indeed, the Belgian tribes closest to the Rhine he distinguished as the
277:, joining the Rhineland colonies, and the remaining part of Gallia Belgica was divided into Belgica Prima (in the eastern area of the Treveri, Mediomatrici and Leuci, around Luxembourg and the Ardennes), and Belgica Secunda (between the
2214:). This invasion and the accompanying widespread destruction broke the backbone of Roman power in at least the northern part of Gallia Belgica. After this invasion the Franks were able to conquer valuable agricultural land south of the
1693:
and Gallia
Belgica). Agrippa made the divisions on what he perceived to be distinctions in language, race and community – Gallia Belgica was meant to be a mix of Celtic and Germanic peoples. The capital of this territory was
2071:) and the area between the Rhine and the main road between Boulogne and Cologne, present-day South Holland, Zeeland, Flanders, Brabant and Limburg, the last three in both the present-day Netherlands and Belgium (to the
2229:. The outcome of this battle itself was inconclusive, but as a consequence of this battle the Huns and their allies left the area of Gallia Belgica, where they had plundered nearly all major cities, except Paris.
5043:
5038:
2998:
1871:
reorganized the provinces in order to separate the militarized zones of the Rhine from the civilian populations of the region. The northeastern part of Gallia
Belgica was split off and renamed
324:
5063:
1607:
In 57 BC, Julius Caesar led the conquest of northern Gaul, and already specified that the part to the north of the Seine and Marne rivers was inhabited by a people or alliance known as the
1611:. This definition became the basis of the later Roman province of Belgica. Caesar said that the Belgae were separated from the Celtic Gauls to their south by "language, custom and laws" (
4131:
1467:
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1891:(parts of western Germany and eastern France) and the southern border of Gallia Belgica was extended to the south. The newer Gallia Belgica included the cities of
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967:
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and entered Gallia
Belgica by way of the Moselle valley. They subsequently destroyed large parts of Gallia Belgica, before eventually moving on to
1818:. The gradual adoption of Romanized names by local elites and the Romanization of laws under local authority demonstrate the effectiveness of this
4435:
4205:
5058:
4405:
2430:
1434:
651:
2095:(Trier) as its main city, and consisted of the eastern part. The border between Belgica Prima and Belgica Secunda was approximately along the
4185:
2688:
1395:
4812:
4117:
1549:
2218:, the very important main road between Cologne and Boulogne, that had been the backbone of Roman defense strategy between 260 and 406.
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1207:
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2225:(between the Seine and the Moselle). A coalition of Romans, Visigoths and Franks fought an army led by the legendary Hunnic leader
2091:
restructured the provinces around 300, and split
Belgica into two provinces: Belgica Prima and Belgica Secunda. Belgica Prima had
5078:
4471:
2611:
2349:
2222:
960:
4726:
4463:
4078:
3329:
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1509:
2198:, after first having been defeated by the Ripuarian Franks in the neighbourhood of Cologne in Germania Inferior, successfully
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3321:
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1542:
1499:
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1339:
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established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
2517:
5053:
4581:
3464:
3098:
2055:. The cost of this defeat in the long run proved very high indeed. With the Gallic army defeated and not returning to the
1328:
1822:. With that said, the concept and community of Gallia Belgica did not predate the Roman province, but developed from it.
4731:
4676:
4566:
4527:
4375:
4307:
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466:
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2778:
2032:
1489:
953:
924:
920:
304:
4756:
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2047:. He proved able to stop the incursions from the Franks. Only in 274 was Roman control restored by the new emperor
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2818:
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2743:
864:
35:
4797:
2332:. Though often presented as the dissolution of the Frankish empire, it was in fact the continued adherence to
1719:, corresponding generally to ancient tribal boundaries. The capital cities of these districts included modern
2505:
2429:, and it was only with the 1831 separatist revolution in the south of the country and subsequent creation of
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Gaius Julius Caesar. The
Conquest of Gaul. Trans. S. A. Handford (New York: Penguin, 1982), Caes. Gal. 1.1.1
2434:
2363:
1707:
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831:
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821:
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2016:
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592:
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2244:. The Franks however emerged victorious and Belgica Secunda in the 5th century became the center of
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During the 1st century AD (estimated date 90 AD), the provinces of Gaul were restructured. Emperor
1177:
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1132:
1111:
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3030:
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2838:
2833:
2649:
2337:
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2215:
1980:
1935:
1815:
1806:. Additionally, local notables from Gallia Belgica were required to participate in a festival in
1690:
1646:
1616:
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670:
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361:
334:
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216:
96:
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were in turn were divided into smaller units, pagi, a term that became the French word "pays".
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Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
2925:
2920:
2848:
2843:
2536:
2390:
as the Latin language name of the entire territory until the modern period. In the 1500s, the
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1888:
1872:
1843:
1532:
1350:
1024:
274:
270:
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González
Villaescusa; Jacquemin (2011), "Gallia Belgica: An Entity with No National Claim",
2297:
2112:
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1876:
1795:
1686:
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rivers, was reported by Caesar as the original cultural boundary between the Belgae and the
227:, as the largest tribal confederation in the area, but also included the territories of the
212:
141:
30:
This article is about the Roman province. For the Gallic people for whom it was named, see
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3109:
2738:
2665:
2333:
2293:
1952:
790:
278:
265:
The province was re-organised several times, first increased and later decreased in size.
115:
2175:. Texandria was most likely for a large part overlapping with the area now known as the
1588:
4960:
4537:
4531:
4513:
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in 843. The three sons of Louis the Pious divided his territories into three kingdoms:
2151:
1968:
1854:
1682:
943:
874:
169:
58:
2011:)) or had to be rebuilt in the last quarter of the second century, Colonia Morinorum (
5032:
4906:
4886:
4871:
4626:
4522:
4517:
4410:
4266:
4219:
4176:
3876:
3828:
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3783:
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3392:
3195:
3190:
3142:
3122:
3051:
3035:
2773:
2753:
2733:
2387:
2317:
2072:
2044:
2036:
2012:
1995:) had to be abandoned. Further the capitals in the areas of the former tribes of the
1744:
1654:
1596:
1579:
1217:
811:
748:
633:
204:
1637:
than many of their more northerly allies such as the Nervii and
Germani Cisrhenani.
4980:
4928:
4545:
4510:
4476:
4420:
4329:
4276:
4238:
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3591:
3586:
3411:
3185:
3063:
2798:
2359:
2309:
2301:
2137:
1917:
1720:
1698:, according to the geographer Strabo, though later the capital moved to modern-day
232:
173:
87:
62:
2530:
2421:
continued to be used from 1581 up to the French
Revolution. Even after that, the
1963:
at the respective northern and northwestern coast of present-day Netherlands and
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248:
208:
193:
128:
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and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
2570:
2111:
became very prosperous in the fourth century, particularly in the decades that
1830:
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4362:
4252:
3964:
3808:
3210:
3039:
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2088:
1960:
1642:
1629:
1625:
266:
211:, it became one of the three parts of Gaul (Tres Galliæ), the other two being
189:
177:
5016:
4948:
4448:
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3243:
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2064:
1996:
1715:
1650:
1101:
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1710:
the people of Gallia Belgica and allowing pre-existing culture to survive.
1955:, then governor of Gallia Belgica, had to repel a serious invasion of the
5010:
4938:
4916:
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4835:
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4271:
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2414:
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2245:
2241:
2207:
2122:
2048:
2040:
2004:
1976:
1887:, and a part of modern Germany. The eastern part was split off to become
1868:
1807:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1678:
374:
244:
220:
2489:
Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana diuidit.
4856:
4171:
4040:
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3755:
3697:
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2438:
2313:
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2126:
2108:
1988:
1984:
1972:
1964:
1896:
1880:
1835:
1736:
1724:
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ordered a restructuring of the provinces in Gaul. Therefore, in 22 BC,
1633:
1035:
378:
240:
228:
197:
185:
17:
2640:(Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985), pp. 57-62, 71-74.
2627:, New Ed., Vol. 10 (London: Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 469.
2236:
had already collapsed in Galla Belgica for some time the Gallo-Roman "
4367:
4355:
4050:
2930:
2910:
2905:
2321:
2226:
2168:
2000:
1956:
1912:
1768:
1620:
1608:
1575:
1080:
436:
370:
224:
181:
31:
4096: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
2320:), from the middle of the 10th century became the kernel of modern
2039:, Roman control over Gaul deteriorated in the 3rd century. In 260,
4932:
3745:
3740:
3720:
2600:. Trans. S. A. Handford (New York: Penguin, 1982); pp. 59, 70, 72.
2369:
2353:
2277:
2265:
2261:
2211:
2191:
2187:
2160:
2150:
2096:
2020:
2008:
1992:
1940:
1922:
1904:
1803:
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1776:
1760:
1748:
1732:
1699:
1695:
289:
282:
259:
256:
252:
236:
100:
91:
3460:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
2107:
The eastern part of Gallia Belgica, especially the valley of the
4701:
4304:
2281:
2195:
2079:, the first immediate forerunner state of Western civilization.
1930:
1839:
1811:
1784:
1780:
1600:
4570:
4113:
4029:
3489:
3083:
3019:
2980:
2677:
2163:, capital of Gallia Belgica, constructed between 186 and 200 AD
2240:" (457–486) managed to maintain control over the area around
2587:. Trans. S.A. Handford (New York: Penguin, 1982), pp. 59-60.
1983:). Archaeologists have found evidence that large farms near
3054:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
1814:), which typically celebrated or worshipped the emperor's
247:
and others. The southern border of Belgica, formed by the
219:. An official Roman province was later created by emperor
5044:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
5039:
States and territories established in the 1st century BC
1959:, a Germanic tribe that lived along the shores of the
2506:
Gallia Belgica - Edith Mary Wightman - Google Boeken
4915:
4849:
4788:
4740:
4695:
4660:
4620:
4613:
3955:
3862:
3774:
3706:
3663:
3652:
3600:
3562:
3514:
3503:
3430:
3383:
3320:
3309:
3267:
3219:
3171:
3108:
3097:
2171:who were already living in Batavia were settled in
138:
125:
111:
83:
43:
2656:(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 224.
2256:the former area of Gallia Belgica was split into
2059:, the Franks overran the neighbouring province of
1685:split Gaul (or Gallia Comata) into three regions (
5064:5th-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire
2652:, Daniel J. Gargola and Richard J. A. Talbert.
2433:and Dutch recognition of the new nation in the
2182:Eventually, in 406, a large alliance among the
2374:'Belgica Foederata' was the Latin name of the
4582:
4125:
4077:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
2992:
2689:
1838:(ruled 117-138 AD), showing, in northeastern
1550:
961:
8:
2296:, the Carolingian Empire was divided by the
4722:Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins
4100:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
2508:. Books.google.be. Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
2027:Crisis of the 3rd century and Gallic Empire
1879:. This included the eastern part of modern
1677:Following a census of the region in 27 BC,
1671:Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas
4617:
4589:
4575:
4567:
4132:
4118:
4110:
4026:
3660:
3511:
3500:
3486:
3317:
3105:
3094:
3080:
3016:
2999:
2985:
2977:
2696:
2682:
2674:
1713:The Romans divided the province into four
1669:Map of Roman Gaul with Belgica in orange (
1557:
1543:
979:
968:
954:
298:
262:, whom he distinguished from one another.
74:
40:
3034:. Provincial administration reformed and
2569:
2455:List of Roman governors of Gallia Belgica
2221:In 452, a major battle was fought at the
1875:, later to be reorganized and renamed as
223:in 22 BC. The province was named for the
4712:Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle
3008:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
2615:(New York: Facts on File, 1994), p. 169.
2336:. Lotharingia was divided in 870 by the
2136:
1853:
1829:
1664:
1587:
2471:
2394:were then divided into the independent
2358:Representation of the Low Countries as
2252:kingdom. During the 8th century in the
993:
982:
312:
301:
82:
2260:(roughly Belgica Secunda, main cities
1883:, the southernmost part of the modern
1702:. The date of this move is uncertain.
180:, in what is today primarily northern
2425:, created in 1815 was still known as
176:located in the north-eastern part of
158:
154:
137:
124:
120:
106:
7:
4441:Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2705:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
2202:in the neighbourhood of present-day
27:Roman province (22 BC - 5th century)
2007:were either burnt down (Nemetacum (
5074:Former states in the Low Countries
4381:Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2535:, University of California Press,
2437:that the name became reserved for
25:
4317:Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2423:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
2083:Reform of Diocletian (around 300)
344:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
4779:
4598:
4506:Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)
4248:Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)
3440:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
3066:in c. 640–660, although in
2954:
2612:Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire
2350:Terminology of the Low Countries
2194:, under great pressure from the
1834:The Roman empire in the time of
1526:
1004:
937:
323:
203:In 50 BC, after the conquest by
4727:Arrondissement of Sarreguemines
3050:established after the death of
2413:Southern Netherlands under the
2117:(Trier) was the capital of the
3398:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
3322:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
2133:Germanic conquests (after 406)
2043:became emperor of a breakaway
1863:Reform of Domitian (around 90)
1653:in 52 BC, after the defeat of
288:The capital of Belgica Prima,
1:
5059:5th-century disestablishments
4762:Arrondissement of Neufchâteau
3465:Tripolitania (Roman province)
3043:
2654:A Brief History of the Romans
2625:The Cambridge Ancient History
2529:Wightman, Edith Mary (1985),
2340:under West and East Francia.
2142:
1967:. The attack occurred in the
127:• Established after the
4732:Arrondissement of Thionville
4677:Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc
2666:Jona Lendering on livius.org
2494:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
2386:continued to be used in the
1850:(Belgium/Picardie/Champagne)
1794:Roman government was run by
4767:Arrondissement of Saint-Dié
4642:Arrondissement of Lunéville
4073: Re-established after
3385:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
2272:(roughly Belgica Prima and
2125:wrote a famous poem on the
2033:Crisis of the Third Century
1613:lingua, institutis, legibus
292:, became an important late
5095:
4682:Arrondissement of Commercy
2571:10.4000/etudesrurales.9499
2347:
2304:(the forerunner of modern
1951:In 173, the later emperor
1947:Attack by the Chauci (173)
1573:
192:, along with parts of the
29:
4777:
4153:
4063:
4046:Quaestura exercitus (536)
4036:
4025:
3499:
3485:
3093:
3079:
3026:
3015:
2963:
2952:
2714:
2103:Prosperous fourth century
1267:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
467:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
269:brought the northeastern
159:
155:
151:
121:
107:
73:
68:
57:
5069:Belgium in the Roman era
4757:Arrondissement of Épinal
4687:Arrondissement of Verdun
3922:Palaestina III Salutaris
3118:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
2744:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
2441:to the exclusion of the
2316:river) a part of which (
1661:Formation under Augustus
36:Belgica (disambiguation)
5079:Provinces of Roman Gaul
4647:Arrondissement of Nancy
4637:Arrondissement of Briey
4089: Placed under the
3450:Mauretania Caesariensis
3269:Diocese of the Britains
2891:Mauretania Caesariensis
2435:Treaty of London (1839)
2364:Claes Janszoon Visscher
2328:which was succeeded by
2141:The Provinces of Gaul,
2037:partition of the Empire
1406:Reign of Marie-Adélaïde
1377:20th and 21st centuries
741:20th and 21st centuries
4717:Arrondissement of Metz
4652:Arrondissement of Toul
4363:Late Antique/Medieval)
4206:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3932:Phoenice II Libanensis
3635:Macedonia II Salutaris
3048:praetorian prefectures
3010:(4th–7th centuries AD)
2864:Hispania Tarraconensis
2379:
2367:
2288:). After the death of
2164:
2148:
1859:
1858:Roman roads in Belgium
1851:
1674:
1604:
1340:Reign of Guillaume III
168:("Belgic Gaul") was a
34:. For other uses, see
5005:CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen
4935:) (22 BC–5th-century)
4148:in modern territories
3654:Praetorian prefecture
3529:Noricum mediterraneum
3505:Praetorian prefecture
3455:Mauretania Sitifensis
3350:Picenum Suburbicarium
3311:Praetorian prefecture
3099:Praetorian prefecture
3046: 293. Permanent
2636:Edith Mary Wightman,
2596:Gaius Julius Caesar.
2583:Gaius Julius Caesar.
2427:Royaume des Belgiques
2373:
2357:
2348:Further information:
2154:
2140:
1857:
1833:
1668:
1591:
1574:Further information:
1533:Luxembourg portal
1396:Reign of Guillaume IV
1329:Reign of Guillaume II
5054:22 BC establishments
4993:Lorraine and Barrois
4902:Rallye Alsace-Vosges
4085:Diocese of Illyricum
4079:Prefecture of Africa
3834:Galatia II Salutaris
3602:Diocese of Macedonia
3492:Eastern Roman Empire
3254:Mauretania Tingitana
3086:Western Roman Empire
2896:Mauretania Tingitana
2789:Corsica and Sardinia
2729:Africa proconsularis
2598:The Conquest of Gaul
2585:The Conquest of Gaul
2234:Western Roman Empire
2119:Western Roman Empire
1288:Reign of Guillaume I
822:Reign of Leopold III
593:Southern Netherlands
550:Northern Renaissance
4338:Sardinia (Classical
4211:Bulgaria (Classical
4091:Quaestura exercitus
3864:Diocese of the East
3854:Pontus Polemoniacus
3516:Diocese of Pannonia
3345:Lucania et Bruttium
3292:Maxima Caesariensis
3287:Flavia Caesariensis
2794:Crete and Cyrenaica
2769:Bithynia and Pontus
2392:Seventeen Provinces
2238:Kingdom of Soissons
2077:Merovingian kingdom
1820:concilium Galliarum
1479:Government in exile
1208:Revolutionary siege
1143:Duchy of Luxembourg
1133:House of Luxembourg
702:Reign of Leopold II
571:Seventeen Provinces
4955:Carolingian Empire
4622:Meurthe-et-Moselle
4257:Corsica (Classical
4177:Armenia (Classical
4158:Albania (Classical
3942:Syria II Salutaris
3799:Armenian Satrapies
3572:Dacia Mediterranea
3494:(395–c. 640)
3422:Venetia et Histria
3330:Apulia et Calabria
3031:Notitia Dignitatum
2881:Lycia et Pamphylia
2859:Hispania Lusitania
2839:Gallia Narbonensis
2834:Gallia Lugdunensis
2650:Mary T. Boatwright
2380:
2368:
2338:Treaty of Meerssen
2254:Carolingian Empire
2223:Catalaunian fields
2167:Around 350 Salian
2165:
2149:
2114:Augusta Treverorum
2093:Augusta Treverorum
1936:Augusta Treverorum
1860:
1852:
1826:Under the emperors
1691:Gallia Lugdunensis
1675:
1617:Germani cisrhenani
1605:
1435:Reign of Charlotte
1299:Belgian Revolution
1256:Congress of Vienna
944:Belgium portal
931: •
927: •
923: •
895:Reign of Albert II
681:Reign of Leopold I
671:Belgian Revolution
613:Brabant Revolution
494:Franco-Flemish War
217:Gallia Lugdunensis
140:• Ended with
97:Augusta Treverorum
5026:
5025:
4999:Bezirk Lothringen
4974:Duchy of Lorraine
4945:(5th-century–511)
4882:SLUC Nancy Basket
4775:
4774:
4564:
4563:
4546:Thrace (Classical
4538:Turkey (Classical
4330:Sicily (Classical
4277:Greece (Classical
4239:Cyprus (Classical
4225:Crimea (Classical
4220:Britain (England)
4107:
4106:
4069:Septem Provinciae
4059:
4058:
4031:Other territories
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
3804:Armenia III (536)
3776:Diocese of Pontus
3766:Phrygia Salutaris
3761:Phrygia Pacatiana
3665:Diocese of Thrace
3648:
3647:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3432:Diocese of Africa
3305:
3304:
3173:Diocese of Vienne
3163:Maxima Sequanorum
3075:
3074:
2974:
2973:
2926:Pannonia Superior
2921:Pannonia Inferior
2849:Germania Superior
2844:Germania Inferior
2708:
2419:Belgica Foederata
2415:Habsburgian crown
2396:Belgica Foederata
2274:Germania Inferior
2200:crossed the Rhine
2121:. The Roman poet
2061:Germania Inferior
2053:Battle of Châlons
2017:Bagacum Nerviorum
1889:Germania Superior
1873:Germania Inferior
1844:imperial province
1567:
1566:
1518:
1517:
1468:German occupation
1425:German occupation
1367:
1366:
1360:Full independence
1351:Luxembourg Crisis
1237:
1236:
1188:Louis XIV's siege
1161:
1160:
1122:Duchy of Lorraine
1064:
1063:
1025:Celtic Luxembourg
978:
977:
913:
912:
905:Reign of Philippe
885:Reign of Baudouin
854:German occupation
802:German occupation
759:Reign of Albert I
732:
731:
642:
641:
554:15th–16th century
533:
532:
475:
474:
428:Early Middle Ages
418:
417:
400:Ambiorix's revolt
352:
351:
275:Germania Inferior
271:Civitas Tungrorum
163:
162:
142:Frankish Kingdoms
69:22 BC–5th century
16:(Redirected from
5086:
4987:Three Bishoprics
4983:(circa 950-1766)
4943:Ripuarian Franks
4832:
4783:
4750:
4705:
4670:
4630:
4618:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4568:
4492:Spain (Classical
4322:Italy (Classical
4285:Crete (Classical
4146:Byzantine Empire
4134:
4127:
4120:
4111:
4083: Later the
4067: Later the
4027:
4005:Thebais Inferior
4000:Thebais Superior
3957:Diocese of Egypt
3947:Theodorias (528)
3809:Armenia IV (536)
3661:
3564:Diocese of Dacia
3554:Valeria ripensis
3512:
3501:
3487:
3370:Tuscia et Umbria
3318:
3221:Diocese of Spain
3106:
3095:
3081:
3045:
3028:As found in the
3017:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2958:
2854:Hispania Baetica
2824:Gallia Aquitania
2706:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2647:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2609:Matthew Bunson.
2607:
2601:
2594:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2298:Treaty of Verdun
2147:
2144:
2069:Ripuarian Franks
1987:and the village
1877:Germania Secunda
1687:Gallia Aquitania
1559:
1552:
1545:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1386:Reign of Adolphe
1382:
1381:
1318:Treaty of London
1252:
1251:
1174:
1173:
1077:
1076:
1021:
1020:
1008:
998:
980:
970:
963:
956:
942:
941:
940:
745:
744:
724:Congo Free State
692:Treaty of London
657:
656:
624:Liège Revolution
546:
545:
490:
489:
433:
432:
367:
366:
340:
339:
327:
317:
299:
213:Gallia Aquitania
78:
41:
21:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5022:
4911:
4877:US Raon-l'Étape
4862:FC Metz (women)
4845:
4818:
4784:
4771:
4744:
4736:
4699:
4691:
4664:
4656:
4624:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4565:
4560:
4518:Early Medieval)
4431:The Netherlands
4342:Early Medieval)
4261:Early Medieval)
4149:
4140:History of the
4138:
4108:
4103:
4055:
4032:
4009:
3985:Augustamnica II
3951:
3858:
3770:
3708:Diocese of Asia
3702:
3655:
3644:
3630:Macedonia Prima
3596:
3558:
3534:Noricum ripense
3506:
3495:
3469:
3426:
3379:
3312:
3301:
3263:
3215:
3181:Alpes Maritimae
3167:
3153:Lugdunensis III
3110:Diocese of Gaul
3100:
3089:
3088:(395–476)
3071:
3038:established by
3022:
3011:
3005:
2975:
2970:
2959:
2950:
2911:Moesia Superior
2906:Moesia Inferior
2739:Alpes Maritimae
2710:
2702:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2660:
2648:
2644:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2591:
2582:
2578:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2451:
2352:
2346:
2334:Salic patrimony
2294:Louis the Pious
2145:
2135:
2105:
2085:
2029:
1953:Didius Julianus
1949:
1865:
1828:
1663:
1599:'s conquest of
1595:at the time of
1586:
1572:
1563:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1457:German invasion
1379:
1369:
1368:
1249:
1239:
1238:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1018:
996:
989:
974:
938:
936:
935:
915:
914:
742:
734:
733:
654:
644:
643:
543:
535:
534:
504:Burgundian rule
487:
477:
476:
430:
420:
419:
364:
354:
353:
337:
315:
308:
279:English Channel
144:
131:
95:
79:
53:
49:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5092:
5090:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5049:Gallia Belgica
5046:
5041:
5031:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5014:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4970:
4964:
4961:Middle Francia
4958:
4952:
4946:
4936:
4925:Gallia Belgica
4921:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4897:Gamyo d'Épinal
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4571:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4535:
4532:Roman Carthage
4525:
4520:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4365:
4353:
4345:
4319:
4314:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4250:
4245:
4236:
4231:
4222:
4217:
4215:High Medieval)
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4114:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4081:
4071:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3995:Libya Inferior
3992:
3990:Libya Superior
3987:
3982:
3980:Augustamnica I
3977:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Lycaonia (370)
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3658:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:Dacia Ripensis
3574:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3509:
3497:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3239:Carthaginensis
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3206:Novempopulania
3203:
3201:Narbonensis II
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3158:Lugdunensis IV
3155:
3150:
3148:Lugdunensis II
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3103:
3091:
3090:
3084:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2829:Gallia Belgica
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Arabia Petraea
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2669:
2658:
2642:
2638:Gallia Belgica
2629:
2617:
2602:
2589:
2576:
2558:Études rurales
2548:
2541:
2532:Gallia Belgica
2521:
2510:
2498:
2480:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2431:modern Belgium
2403:Dutch Republic
2376:Dutch Republic
2345:
2342:
2326:Middle Francia
2276:, main cities
2134:
2131:
2104:
2101:
2084:
2081:
2028:
2025:
1969:drainage basin
1948:
1945:
1864:
1861:
1848:Gallia Belgica
1827:
1824:
1683:Marcus Agrippa
1662:
1659:
1593:Gallia Belgica
1571:
1570:Roman conquest
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1510:Reign of Henri
1506:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1488: •
1485:
1484:
1481:
1477: •
1474:
1473:
1470:
1466: •
1463:
1462:
1459:
1455: •
1452:
1451:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1423: •
1420:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1349: •
1346:
1345:
1342:
1338: •
1335:
1334:
1331:
1327: •
1324:
1323:
1320:
1316: •
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:Personal union
1305:
1304:
1301:
1297: •
1294:
1293:
1290:
1286: •
1283:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1265: •
1262:
1261:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1227: •
1224:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1131: •
1128:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100: •
1097:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1060:90 AD–c.500 AD
1058:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1034: •
1031:
1030:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
991:
990:
983:
976:
975:
973:
972:
965:
958:
950:
947:
946:
929:Jewish history
917:
916:
911:
910:
907:
901:
900:
897:
891:
890:
887:
881:
880:
877:
875:Royal Question
871:
870:
867:
863: •
860:
859:
856:
852: •
849:
848:
845:
841: •
838:
837:
834:
828:
827:
824:
818:
817:
814:
808:
807:
804:
800: •
797:
796:
793:
789: •
786:
785:
782:
778: •
775:
774:
771:
765:
764:
761:
755:
754:
751:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
730:
729:
726:
722: •
719:
718:
715:
711: •
708:
707:
704:
698:
697:
694:
690: •
687:
686:
683:
677:
676:
673:
667:
666:
663:
655:
650:
649:
646:
645:
640:
639:
636:
630:
629:
626:
622: •
619:
618:
615:
611: •
608:
607:
604:
598:
597:
595:
591: •
588:
587:
584:
580: •
577:
576:
573:
569: •
566:
565:
562:
556:
555:
552:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
531:
530:
527:
521:
520:
517:
513: •
510:
509:
506:
500:
499:
496:
488:
483:
482:
479:
478:
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
453:
452:
449:
443:
442:
439:
431:
426:
425:
422:
421:
416:
415:
414:51 BC–c.500 AD
412:
406:
405:
402:
398: •
395:
394:
391:
385:
384:
381:
365:
360:
359:
356:
355:
350:
349:
346:
338:
333:
332:
329:
328:
320:
319:
310:
309:
302:
281:and the upper
166:Gallia Belgica
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
139:
136:
135:
132:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
113:
112:Historical era
109:
108:
105:
104:
85:
81:
80:
71:
70:
66:
65:
55:
54:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5091:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4907:Lorraine Open
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4887:Metz Handball
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4592:
4587:
4585:
4580:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4496:Late Antique)
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4391:Liechtenstein
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4181:Late Antique)
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4123:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4028:
4024:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Palaestina II
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Cappadocia II
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Armenia Maior
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Alpes Cottiae
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3259:Tarraconensis
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Narbonensis I
3194:
3192:
3191:Aquitanica II
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:Lugdunensis I
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3052:Constantine I
3049:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2968:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Alpes Cottiae
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2564:(2): 93–111,
2563:
2559:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2542:9780520052970
2538:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2518:Geography 4.1
2514:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2407:Belgica Regia
2404:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2388:Low Countries
2385:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2318:Ile de France
2315:
2312:(west of the
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2210:(present-day
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2146: 400 AD
2139:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:Salian Franks
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:Gallic Empire
2042:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:(present-day
1974:
1971:of the river
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1753:Saint-Quentin
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:(replaced by
1734:
1730:
1726:
1723:(replaced by
1722:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1655:Vercingetorix
1652:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1597:Julius Caesar
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1580:Gallia Comata
1577:
1569:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:Reign of Jean
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1229:Peasants' War
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:Austrian rule
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1153:Habsburg rule
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1016:Early history
1012:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
992:
987:
981:
971:
966:
964:
959:
957:
952:
951:
949:
948:
945:
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926:
922:
919:
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902:
898:
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893:
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888:
886:
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882:
878:
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872:
868:
866:
862:
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846:
844:
840:
839:
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
823:
820:
819:
815:
813:
812:Ruanda-Urundi
810:
809:
805:
803:
799:
798:
794:
792:
788:
787:
783:
781:
777:
776:
772:
770:
767:
766:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
750:
749:Belgian Congo
747:
746:
738:
737:
727:
725:
721:
720:
716:
714:
710:
709:
705:
703:
700:
699:
695:
693:
689:
688:
684:
682:
679:
678:
674:
672:
669:
668:
664:
662:
659:
658:
653:
648:
647:
637:
635:
632:
631:
627:
625:
621:
620:
616:
614:
610:
609:
605:
603:
602:Austrian rule
600:
599:
596:
594:
590:
589:
585:
583:
579:
578:
574:
572:
568:
567:
563:
561:
558:
557:
553:
551:
548:
547:
539:
538:
528:
526:
525:Habsburg rule
523:
522:
518:
516:
515:Wars of Liège
512:
511:
507:
505:
502:
501:
497:
495:
492:
491:
486:
481:
480:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
458:
455:
454:
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
435:
434:
429:
424:
423:
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411:
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407:
403:
401:
397:
396:
392:
390:
387:
386:
382:
380:
376:
372:
369:
368:
363:
358:
357:
347:
345:
342:
341:
336:
331:
330:
326:
322:
321:
318:
311:
306:
300:
297:
295:
294:western Roman
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:Julius Caesar
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
150:
146:
143:
133:
130:
117:
114:
110:
102:
98:
93:
89:
86:
77:
72:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
42:
37:
33:
19:
4981:Duchy of Bar
4972:
4929:Mediomatrici
4924:
4836:Demographics
4798:Coat of arms
4511:Vatican City
4464:Saudi Arabia
4436:North Africa
4200:
4051:Spania (552)
3912:Palaestina I
3892:Euphratensis
3839:Helenopontus
3819:Cappadocia I
3726:Hellespontus
3625:Epirus Vetus
3592:Praevalitana
3507:of Illyricum
3297:Valentia (?)
3282:Britannia II
3186:Aquitanica I
3064:theme system
3029:
2868:
2828:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2592:
2584:
2579:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2546:pages 12-14.
2531:
2524:
2513:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2474:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2383:
2381:
2360:Leo Belgicus
2310:West Francia
2302:East Francia
2231:
2220:
2181:
2166:
2113:
2106:
2092:
2086:
2057:Rhine border
2030:
1950:
1934:
1926:
1918:Durocortorum
1916:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1866:
1847:
1793:
1788:
1740:
1728:
1727:as Menapian
1714:
1712:
1704:
1676:
1670:
1639:
1612:
1606:
1592:
1445:World War II
1415:World War I:
1247:19th century
1178:Spanish rule
1170:Early Modern
1112:Carolingians
1091:Merovingians
1055:
832:World War II
652:19th century
582:Dutch Revolt
560:Spanish rule
542:Early Modern
457:Carolingians
447:Merovingians
409:
348:4300–2200 BC
287:
264:
233:Mediomatrici
202:
174:Roman Empire
165:
164:
88:Durocortorum
63:Roman Empire
51:Gallia Belgæ
50:
47:𐌁𐌏𐌋𐌂𐌏𐌉
46:
5013:(1945–2016)
5007:(1940–1945)
5001:(1871–1918)
4995:(1766–1790)
4989:(1552-1790)
4967:Lotharingia
4892:ASPTT Nancy
4614:Departments
4501:Switzerland
4467:(Classical)
4449:(Classical)
4371:(Classical)
4351:(Classical)
4098:Justinian I
3970:Aegyptus II
3902:Mesopotamia
3849:Paphlagonia
3678:Haemimontus
3656:of the East
3620:Epirus Nova
3544:Pannonia II
3277:Britannia I
3138:Germania II
2969:'s reforms.
2901:Mesopotamia
2460:Saxon shore
2443:Netherlands
2330:Lotharingia
2290:Charlemagne
2250:Merovingian
2216:Via Belgica
2157:Porta Nigra
1909:Samarobriva
1885:Netherlands
1739:as Nervian
1584:Gallic Wars
1218:French rule
1073:Middle Ages
1046:Gallic Wars
995:History of
769:World War I
634:French rule
485:Middle Ages
389:Gallic Wars
314:History of
209:Gallic Wars
207:during his
194:Netherlands
147:5th century
129:Gallic Wars
44:Belgic Gaul
5033:Categories
4976:(959–1766)
4872:SAS Épinal
4821:Franconian
4817:Languages
4667:Bar-le-Duc
4514:(Classical
4459:San Marino
4421:Montenegro
4396:Luxembourg
4359:(Classical
4308:(Classical
4186:Azerbaijan
4075:reconquest
3965:Aegyptus I
3927:Phoenice I
3882:Cilicia II
3789:Armenia II
3539:Pannonia I
3211:Viennensis
3133:Germania I
3128:Belgica II
3068:Asia Minor
3040:Diocletian
2967:Diocletian
2779:Cappadocia
2466:References
2382:The name
2232:After the
2089:Diocletian
2013:Thérouanne
1961:Wadden Sea
1745:Thérouanne
1708:Romanizing
1630:Viromandui
1626:Suessiones
1277:Dutch rule
1056:Roman rule
997:Luxembourg
791:Atrocities
713:School War
661:Dutch rule
410:Roman rule
335:Prehistory
267:Diocletian
190:Luxembourg
178:Roman Gaul
5017:Grand Est
4969:(855–959)
4963:(843–855)
4957:(751–843)
4951:(511–751)
4949:Austrasia
4550:Medieval)
4542:Medieval)
4406:Macedonia
4334:Medieval)
4326:Medieval)
4312:Medieval)
4289:Medieval)
4281:Medieval)
4243:Medieval)
4229:Medieval)
4162:Medieval)
3877:Cilicia I
3829:Galatia I
3784:Armenia I
3751:Pamphylia
3683:Moesia II
3640:Thessalia
3417:Raetia II
3249:Lusitania
3244:Gallaecia
3234:Balearica
3123:Belgica I
2886:Macedonia
2774:Britannia
2270:Austrasia
2173:Texandria
2065:Rhineland
2031:With the
1997:Atrebates
1927:Dividorum
1901:Nemetacum
1893:Camaracum
1789:civitates
1716:civitates
1651:Bellovaci
1643:Suessione
1603:in 54 BCE
1504:1964-2000
1490:Holocaust
1439:1919-1964
1390:1890-1905
1222:1795–1815
1182:1556–1714
1157:1482–1556
1147:1352-1482
1102:Austrasia
899:1993–2013
865:Holocaust
728:1885–1908
706:1865–1909
638:1793–1815
586:1568–1648
564:1556–1714
529:1482–1556
508:1384–1482
498:1297–1305
296:capital.
116:Antiquity
5011:Lorraine
4939:Alemanni
4867:AS Nancy
4841:Religion
4829:Alsatian
4606:Lorraine
4487:Slovenia
4482:Slovakia
4472:Scotland
4446:Portugal
4295:Guernsey
3844:Honorias
3814:Bithynia
3587:Moesia I
3582:Dardania
3524:Dalmatia
3445:Byzacena
3412:Raetia I
3360:Sardinia
3335:Campania
3313:of Italy
3036:dioceses
2809:Dalmatia
2724:Aegyptus
2707:(117 AD)
2449:See also
2405:and the
2292:'s son,
2258:Neustria
2242:Soissons
2208:Hispania
2123:Ausonius
2087:Emperor
2067:(to the
2049:Aurelian
2041:Postumus
2035:and the
2005:Nervians
2003:and the
1977:Flanders
1869:Domitian
1810:(modern
1808:Lugdunum
1796:Concilia
1787:. These
1773:Tongeren
1765:Beauvais
1757:Soissons
1706:between
1679:Augustus
1050:58–50 BC
986:a series
984:Part of
925:Military
921:Timeline
843:Invasion
780:Invasion
471:980–1789
404:54–53 BC
393:58–50 BC
375:Eburones
305:a series
303:Part of
245:Helvetii
221:Augustus
170:province
59:Province
5019:(2016–)
4917:History
4857:FC Metz
4825:Lorrain
4790:Culture
4697:Moselle
4528:Tunisia
4523:Ukraine
4454:Romania
4426:Morocco
4411:Moldova
4300:Hungary
4272:Germany
4267:Georgia
4234:Croatia
4201:Belgium
4196:Balkans
4191:Austria
4172:Andorra
4167:Algeria
4041:Taurica
3975:Arcadia
3937:Syria I
3907:Osroene
3897:Isauria
3756:Pisidia
3731:Islands
3698:Thracia
3693:Scythia
3688:Rhodope
3407:Aemilia
3403:Liguria
3375:Valeria
3365:Sicilia
3355:Samnium
3340:Corsica
3229:Baetica
3101:of Gaul
3056:Ravenna
3021:History
2946:Thracia
2936:Sicilia
2916:Noricum
2819:Galatia
2784:Cilicia
2764:Assyria
2754:Armenia
2439:Belgium
2409:or the
2400:federal
2398:or the
2384:Belgica
2314:Scheldt
2306:Germany
2286:Cologne
2204:Koblenz
2184:Vandals
2127:Mosella
2109:Moselle
2051:in the
1989:Velzeke
1985:Tournai
1981:Hainaut
1973:Scheldt
1965:Germany
1897:Cambrai
1881:Belgium
1836:Hadrian
1741:civitas
1737:Cambrai
1729:civitas
1725:Tournai
1673:, 1886)
1634:Ambiani
1483:1940-45
1472:1940-45
1429:1914-18
1410:1912-19
1400:1905-12
1344:1849-90
1333:1840–49
1311:1839–90
1303:1830–31
1292:1815-40
1281:1815–30
1212:1794–95
1202:1714–95
1116:751–987
1095:481–751
1036:Treveri
889:1951–93
879:1944–50
869:1941–44
858:1940–44
836:1940–45
826:1934–51
816:1922–62
806:1914–18
773:1914–18
763:1909–34
753:1908–60
717:1879–84
685:1831–65
675:1830–31
665:1815–30
628:1789–91
617:1789–90
606:1714–93
575:1549–81
519:1465–68
461:751–987
451:481–751
379:Treveri
362:Ancient
316:Belgium
241:Sequani
229:Treveri
198:Germany
186:Belgium
172:of the
84:Capital
61:of the
18:Belgica
4931:&
4850:Sports
4813:People
4808:Symbol
4747:Épinal
4742:Vosges
4608:topics
4603:
4477:Serbia
4416:Monaco
4376:Kuwait
4368:Kosovo
4356:Jordan
4348:Jersey
4253:France
4093:in 536
3887:Cyprus
3872:Arabia
3673:Europa
3610:Achaea
3060:Africa
2931:Raetia
2876:Iudaea
2870:Italia
2814:Epirus
2799:Cyprus
2719:Achaia
2539:
2366:, 1611
2344:Legacy
2324:, and
2322:France
2268:) and
2246:Clovis
2227:Attila
2177:Kempen
2169:Franks
2063:. The
2015:) and
2001:Morini
1991:(near
1957:Chauci
1933:) and
1913:Amiens
1842:, the
1816:genius
1769:Amiens
1721:Cassel
1645:king,
1621:Strabo
1609:Belgae
1582:, and
1576:Belgae
1450:
1418:
1137:
1106:
1085:
1081:Franks
1040:
1029:~51 BC
988:on the
441:
437:Franks
383:~51 BC
377:&
371:Belgae
307:on the
257:Celtic
225:Belgae
188:, and
182:France
32:Belgae
4933:Leuci
4662:Meuse
4627:Nancy
4556:Wales
4401:Malta
4386:Libya
4142:Roman
3746:Lydia
3741:Lycia
3721:Caria
3615:Creta
3549:Savia
2941:Syria
2804:Dacia
2411:royal
2278:Trier
2266:Reims
2262:Paris
2212:Spain
2192:Suebi
2188:Alans
2161:Trier
2097:Meuse
2021:Bavay
2009:Arras
1993:Ghent
1941:Trier
1923:Reims
1905:Arras
1804:Trier
1800:Reims
1777:Trier
1761:Reims
1749:Arras
1733:Bavay
1700:Trier
1696:Reims
1647:Galba
1514:2000-
1363:1890-
1271:1815–
909:2013~
290:Trier
283:Meuse
273:into
260:Gauls
253:Seine
249:Marne
237:Leuci
134:22 BC
101:Trier
92:Reims
4803:Flag
4702:Metz
4305:Iraq
4144:and
3716:Asia
3058:and
2759:Asia
2537:ISBN
2282:Metz
2196:Huns
2190:and
2155:The
1979:and
1931:Metz
1840:Gaul
1812:Lyon
1785:Metz
1783:and
1781:Toul
1632:and
1601:Gaul
1494:1941
1461:1940
1355:1867
1322:1839
1260:1815
1233:1798
1192:1684
1126:959~
933:LGBT
847:1940
795:1914
784:1914
696:1839
251:and
215:and
196:and
3405:et
2566:doi
2491:",
2362:by
2308:),
2179:.
2159:of
2023:).
1943:).
1925:),
1915:),
1907:),
1899:),
1846:of
1802:or
1798:in
1743:),
1731:),
1619:. (
285:).
5035::
4827:,
4823:,
4548:-
4540:-
4516:-
4494:-
4361:-
4340:-
4336:,
4332:-
4324:-
4310:-
4287:-
4279:-
4259:-
4241:-
4227:-
4213:-
4179:-
4160:-
3044:c.
3042:,
2560:,
2445:.
2417:.
2284:,
2280:,
2264:,
2248:'
2186:,
2143:c.
2129:.
2099:.
1999:,
1779:,
1775:,
1771:,
1767:,
1763:,
1759:,
1755:,
1751:,
1747:,
1689:,
1628:,
1578:,
373:,
243:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
200:.
184:,
94:)
4941:/
4927:(
4831:)
4819:(
4749:)
4745:(
4704:)
4700:(
4669:)
4665:(
4629:)
4625:(
4590:e
4583:t
4576:v
4552:)
4544:(
4534:)
4530:(
4344:)
4328:(
4291:)
4283:(
4263:)
4255:(
4133:e
4126:t
4119:v
3000:e
2993:t
2986:v
2697:e
2690:t
2683:v
2568::
2562:2
2487:"
2378:.
2019:(
1939:(
1929:(
1921:(
1911:(
1903:(
1895:(
1558:e
1551:t
1544:v
1447::
969:e
962:t
955:v
103:)
99:(
90:(
38:.
20:)
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