Knowledge

Belgian general strike of 1960–1961

Source 📝

33: 140: 320: 306: 68:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 218:). It has been described as "one of the most serious class confrontations in Belgium's social history", which brought out 700,000 workers out on strike. A number of clashes took place between strikers and the police, 78: 960: 592: 511: 431: 1036: 1029: 1022: 714: 118: 351: 1673: 1668: 88:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
45: 559: 512:"De grote werkstaking 1960-1961. Een inleidend overzicht van de ekonomische en socio-politieke achtergronden van de grote werkstaking 1960-1961" 1577: 1411: 1015: 942: 935: 928: 921: 914: 907: 900: 585: 386: 1085: 183: 1638: 227: 96: 1008: 1078: 1071: 1064: 1057: 1050: 707: 448: 415: 1043: 1138: 994: 987: 578: 1283: 1539: 980: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 1336: 1643: 265:, MPW) in 1961 and an increasing polarization between Flemish and Walloons which culminated, from the late 1960s, in the " 1648: 1591: 1367: 700: 1001: 661: 656: 681: 676: 671: 666: 109:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1402: 601: 1653: 1248: 1311: 1216: 258: 230:
was ransacked by strikers on 6 January 1961. Although the strike began across Belgium, it soon lost momentum in
1663: 1658: 1616: 1269: 554: 234:
where workers returned to work after a few days. The strike continued in Wallonia, a region largely reliant on
104: 541: 1297: 1290: 1092: 746: 1393: 1117: 850: 333: 311: 270: 1521: 1188: 491:"Les interprétations de la grande grève de l'hiver 1960-1961 en Belgique dans les milieux révolutionnaires" 1512: 1482: 1457: 616: 73: 1678: 1559: 1530: 868: 219: 125: 339: 1195: 816: 249:
and an influence on the formation of Walloon identity. It led to the foundation of a new ideology of
1466: 1441: 1418: 767: 550: 239: 1255: 1170: 425: 266: 17: 788: 460:"Grèves, syndicalisme et attitudes ouvrières. Les grèves belges de décembre 1960 - janvier 1961" 760: 498: 477: 444: 411: 382: 291: 100: 1448: 1434: 1379: 1163: 1131: 830: 802: 781: 467: 246: 242:, for several weeks. The law was eventually passed on 14 February 1961. Four strikers died. 1584: 1548: 1505: 1498: 1491: 1304: 882: 795: 570: 490: 156: 346: 1475: 1262: 1241: 774: 753: 739: 646: 235: 195: 139: 1632: 1427: 1209: 809: 459: 199: 1329: 1276: 1202: 1156: 723: 356: 325: 223: 1386: 1343: 1124: 875: 282: 254: 207: 198:
to improve the state of Belgium's public finances after the independence of the
1234: 545: 301: 274: 502: 481: 472: 286:
is based on the strike. The strike was the subject of the documentary film
250: 203: 692: 231: 164: 144: 305: 823: 605: 176: 107:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
564: 441:
La mémoire de la grande grève : de l'hiver 1960-1961 en Belgique
288:
Lorsque le bateau de Léon M. descendit la Meuse pour la première fois
179:
which began on 14 December 1960 and lasted approximately six weeks.
182:
The general strike was instigated by the militant trade union, the
138: 65: 696: 574: 26: 257:. The strike also led to the creation of the pro-federalist 408:
Le Choc de l'Hiver '60-'61: Les Grèves contre la Loi Unique
77:
to this template: there are already 1,488 articles in the
439:
Francq, Bernard; Courtois, Luc; Tilly, Pierre (2011).
115:{{Translated|fr|Grève générale de l'hiver 1960-1961}} 61: 1601: 1569: 1357: 1321: 1226: 1180: 1148: 1109: 1102: 970: 952: 892: 860: 840: 731: 377:Witte, Els; Craeybeckx, Jan; Meynen, Alain (2009). 194:, ABVV), against an attempt by the government of 542:Belgian general strike diary of Maurice Brinton 516:Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Nieuwste Geschiedenis 379:Political history of Belgium from 1830 onwards 245:The strike is considered a key moment for the 103:accompanying your translation by providing an 52:Click for important translation instructions. 44:expand this article with text translated from 708: 586: 560:Grèves de 60: ce passé qui nous divise encore 8: 381:(New ed.). Brussels: ASP. p. 277. 1106: 715: 701: 693: 593: 579: 571: 430:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 352:Split of the Catholic University of Leuven 188:Fédération Générale du Travail de Belgique 471: 883:Armée Populaire de Libération ("Simbas") 551:The Belgian General Strike by Tony Cliff 1009:White Legion (Compagnie Internationale) 369: 423: 253:which linked Walloon nationalism with 82: 1578:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government 901:United Nations Operation in the Congo 7: 184:General Labour Federation of Belgium 175:), was a major series of strikes in 1610:Belgian general strike of 1960–1961 238:and already starting to experience 25: 18:Belgian general strike of 1960–61 1002:6th Commando Battalion (Belgium) 995:4th Commando Battalion (Belgium) 988:2nd Commando Battalion (Belgium) 851:Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC) 406:Neuville, J.; Yerna, J. (1990). 318: 304: 271:Belgium's gradual transformation 228:Liège-Guillemins railway station 143:Walloon strikers demonstrate in 31: 1674:1961 labor disputes and strikes 1669:1960 labor disputes and strikes 1585:Torture and killing of Lumumba 113:You may also add the template 1: 602:General and national strikes 464:SociologieS (Online Edition) 192:Algemeen Belgisch Vakverbond 202:by introducing a series of 161:Grève générale de 1960–1961 153:general strike of 1960–1961 85:will aid in categorization. 1695: 1639:General strikes in Belgium 458:Chaumont, Maurice (2015). 263:Mouvement Populaire Wallon 60:Machine translation, like 1592:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld 612: 46:the corresponding article 1617:Decolonisation of Africa 1270:Hubert Fauntleroy Julian 943:Ghana, Nigeria and Egypt 555:Marxist Internet Archive 489:Bolle, Francine (2013). 473:10.4000/sociologies.5180 259:Walloon Popular Movement 1368:Force Publique mutinies 1337:William "Rip" Robertson 1093:Cuban Exile Naval Force 747:Egide Bocheley-Davidson 410:(in French). Brussels. 334:Belgian general strikes 312:Organized labour portal 226:. In one incident, the 124:For more guidance, see 1483:Port Francqui incident 510:Meynen, Alain (1978). 269:" and, ultimately, in 206:measures known as the 163:), known popularly in 160: 148: 1560:Stanleyville mutinies 1189:Jean-Marie Crèvecoeur 1086:211th Makasi Squadron 869:Katangese Gendarmerie 169:Strike of the Century 147:in the winter of 1960 142: 126:Knowledge:Translation 97:copyright attribution 1644:Socialism in Belgium 1541:Violettes Imperiales 1164:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu 1118:Conor Cruise O'Brien 1016:5 Mechanised Brigade 803:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu 443:. Brussels: Le Cri. 1649:History of Wallonia 1217:Frédéric Vandewalle 240:deindustrialization 1570:Other major events 1403:Congo-Stanleyville 876:South Kasai forces 340:Misère au Borinage 149: 105:interlanguage link 1626: 1625: 1358:Main operations / 1353: 1352: 981:White mercenaries 843:government forces 761:Christophe Gbenye 732:Political leaders 690: 689: 497:(in French) (6). 388:978-90-5487-517-8 292:Dardenne brothers 137: 136: 53: 16:(Redirected from 1686: 1654:Walloon movement 1619: 1612: 1594: 1587: 1580: 1562: 1553: 1544: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1508: 1501: 1494: 1485: 1478: 1471: 1460: 1453: 1444: 1437: 1435:Battle of Kabalo 1430: 1423: 1414: 1405: 1396: 1389: 1382: 1375: 1374:Secession crisis 1370: 1346: 1339: 1332: 1314: 1307: 1300: 1293: 1286: 1284:Siegfried Müller 1279: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1237: 1219: 1212: 1205: 1198: 1196:Jules Crèvecoeur 1191: 1173: 1166: 1159: 1141: 1134: 1132:Dewan Prem Chand 1127: 1120: 1107: 1095: 1088: 1081: 1074: 1067: 1060: 1053: 1046: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1018: 1011: 1004: 997: 990: 983: 963: 945: 938: 931: 924: 917: 910: 903: 885: 878: 871: 853: 833: 826: 819: 817:Gaston Soumialot 812: 805: 798: 791: 784: 782:Joseph Kasa-Vubu 777: 770: 768:Dag Hammarskjöld 763: 756: 749: 742: 717: 710: 703: 694: 595: 588: 581: 572: 531: 529: 527: 506: 485: 475: 454: 435: 429: 421: 393: 392: 374: 328: 323: 322: 321: 314: 309: 308: 247:Walloon Movement 116: 110: 84: 83:|topic= 81:, and specifying 66:Google Translate 51: 35: 34: 27: 21: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1664:1961 in Belgium 1659:1960 in Belgium 1629: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1615: 1608: 1597: 1590: 1583: 1576: 1565: 1558: 1547: 1538: 1529: 1520: 1511: 1506:Simba rebellion 1504: 1499:Kwilu rebellion 1497: 1492:Kanyarwanda War 1490: 1481: 1474: 1465: 1456: 1447: 1440: 1433: 1426: 1417: 1412:UN intervention 1410: 1401: 1392: 1385: 1378: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1349: 1342: 1335: 1328: 1317: 1310: 1305:Roger Trinquier 1303: 1296: 1289: 1282: 1275: 1268: 1261: 1254: 1249:Charles Gardien 1247: 1240: 1233: 1222: 1215: 1208: 1201: 1194: 1187: 1176: 1169: 1162: 1155: 1144: 1137: 1130: 1123: 1116: 1098: 1091: 1084: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1056: 1049: 1042: 1035: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1007: 1000: 993: 986: 979: 973:mercenary units 972: 966: 959: 948: 941: 934: 927: 920: 913: 906: 899: 888: 881: 874: 867: 856: 849: 842: 836: 829: 822: 815: 808: 801: 796:Patrice Lumumba 794: 787: 780: 773: 766: 759: 752: 745: 738: 727: 721: 691: 686: 608: 599: 538: 525: 523: 509: 488: 457: 451: 438: 422: 418: 405: 402: 400:Further reading 397: 396: 389: 376: 375: 371: 366: 324: 319: 317: 310: 303: 300: 267:Linguistic Wars 173:Grève du Siècle 133: 132: 131: 114: 108: 54: 36: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1692: 1690: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1631: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1620: 1613: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1588: 1581: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1545: 1536: 1527: 1518: 1502: 1495: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1479: 1476:Kindu atrocity 1472: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1445: 1438: 1431: 1424: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1383: 1371: 1363: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1340: 1333: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1316: 1315: 1312:Hugh van Oppen 1308: 1301: 1294: 1287: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1259: 1252: 1245: 1242:Roger Faulques 1238: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1192: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1167: 1160: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1128: 1121: 1113: 1111: 1110:United Nations 1104: 1100: 1099: 1097: 1096: 1089: 1082: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1019: 1012: 1005: 998: 991: 984: 976: 974: 968: 967: 965: 964: 956: 954: 953:Other entities 950: 949: 947: 946: 939: 932: 925: 918: 911: 904: 896: 894: 890: 889: 887: 886: 879: 872: 864: 862: 858: 857: 855: 854: 846: 844: 838: 837: 835: 834: 827: 820: 813: 806: 799: 792: 785: 778: 775:Albert Kalonji 771: 764: 757: 754:Gaston Eyskens 750: 743: 740:Cyrille Adoula 735: 733: 729: 728: 722: 720: 719: 712: 705: 697: 688: 687: 685: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 613: 610: 609: 600: 598: 597: 590: 583: 575: 569: 568: 557: 548: 537: 536:External links 534: 533: 532: 507: 486: 455: 449: 436: 416: 401: 398: 395: 394: 387: 368: 367: 365: 362: 361: 360: 354: 349: 344: 336: 330: 329: 315: 299: 296: 290:(1979) by the 280:The 1983 film 236:heavy industry 196:Gaston Eyskens 135: 134: 130: 129: 122: 111: 89: 86: 74:adding a topic 69: 58: 55: 41: 40: 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1691: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1428:Niemba ambush 1425: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1356: 1345: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1210:Jean Schramme 1207: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1003: 999: 996: 992: 989: 985: 982: 978: 977: 975: 969: 962: 958: 957: 955: 951: 944: 940: 937: 933: 930: 926: 923: 919: 916: 912: 909: 905: 902: 898: 897: 895: 893:UN contingent 891: 884: 880: 877: 873: 870: 866: 865: 863: 859: 852: 848: 847: 845: 839: 832: 831:Moïse Tshombe 828: 825: 821: 818: 814: 811: 810:Pierre Mulele 807: 804: 800: 797: 793: 790: 786: 783: 779: 776: 772: 769: 765: 762: 758: 755: 751: 748: 744: 741: 737: 736: 734: 730: 725: 718: 713: 711: 706: 704: 699: 698: 695: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 614: 611: 607: 603: 596: 591: 589: 584: 582: 577: 576: 573: 567: 566: 561: 558: 556: 552: 549: 547: 543: 540: 539: 535: 521: 517: 513: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 483: 479: 474: 469: 466:(in French). 465: 461: 456: 452: 450:9782871065876 446: 442: 437: 433: 427: 419: 417:9782873110024 413: 409: 404: 403: 399: 390: 384: 380: 373: 370: 363: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 342: 341: 337: 335: 332: 331: 327: 316: 313: 307: 302: 297: 295: 293: 289: 285: 284: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 243: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 200:Belgian Congo 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 146: 141: 127: 123: 120: 112: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 87: 80: 79:main category 76: 75: 70: 67: 63: 59: 57: 56: 49: 47: 42:You can help 38: 29: 28: 19: 1679:Congo Crisis 1609: 1549: 1540: 1531: 1522: 1514:Dragon Rouge 1513: 1467: 1458:Camp Massart 1449: 1419: 1330:Larry Devlin 1277:Jack Malloch 1256:Hans Germani 1203:Marc Goosens 1171:Norbert Moke 1157:Louis Bobozo 861:Rebel forces 789:Théo Lefèvre 724:Congo Crisis 651: 563: 524:. Retrieved 519: 518:(in Dutch). 515: 494: 463: 440: 407: 378: 372: 357:Congo Crisis 347:André Renard 338: 326:1960s portal 287: 281: 279: 262: 244: 224:Belgian Army 215: 211: 191: 187: 181: 172: 168: 152: 150: 101:edit summary 92: 72: 43: 1532:White Giant 1523:Dragon Noir 1387:South Kasai 1344:Che Guevara 1298:Jerry Puren 1291:John Peters 1139:Pat Quinlan 1125:K.A.S. Raja 1079:15 Commando 1072:14 Commando 1065:13 Commando 1058:12 Commando 1051:11 Commando 726:(1960–1965) 495:Dissidences 283:Winter 1960 255:syndicalism 220:Gendarmerie 216:Eenheidswet 208:Unitary Law 190:, or FGTB; 1633:Categories 1442:Jadotville 1263:Mike Hoare 1235:Bob Denard 1103:Commanders 1044:9 Commando 1037:6 Commando 1030:5 Commando 1023:4 Commando 546:Libcom.org 364:References 212:Loi Unique 1468:Grandslam 1420:Rum Punch 1227:Mercenary 1149:Congolese 971:Belgian / 841:Congolese 526:11 August 522:: 481–515 503:2118-6057 482:1992-2655 426:cite book 359:(1960-65) 251:Renardism 204:austerity 119:talk page 71:Consider 48:in French 1394:Invasion 936:Ethiopia 298:See also 232:Flanders 165:Wallonia 145:Brussels 95:provide 1602:Related 1380:Katanga 1360:battles 1181:Belgian 915:Ireland 824:U Thant 652:1960-61 606:Belgium 277:state. 275:federal 273:into a 177:Belgium 167:as the 117:to the 99:in the 1450:UNOKAT 922:Sweden 908:Canada 565:Le Vif 501:  480:  447:  414:  385:  343:(1933) 222:, and 157:French 1550:South 1322:Other 929:India 62:DeepL 682:2015 677:2012 672:2005 667:1993 662:1983 657:1982 647:1950 642:1936 637:1932 632:1913 627:1902 622:1893 617:1886 528:2023 499:ISSN 478:ISSN 445:ISBN 432:link 412:ISBN 383:ISBN 151:The 93:must 91:You 961:CIA 604:in 562:at 553:at 544:at 520:3–4 468:doi 214:or 64:or 50:. 1635:: 514:. 493:. 476:. 462:. 428:}} 424:{{ 294:. 159:: 716:e 709:t 702:v 594:e 587:t 580:v 530:. 505:. 484:. 470:: 453:. 434:) 420:. 391:. 261:( 210:( 186:( 171:( 155:( 128:. 121:. 20:)

Index

Belgian general strike of 1960–61
the corresponding article
DeepL
Google Translate
adding a topic
main category
copyright attribution
edit summary
interlanguage link
talk page
Knowledge:Translation

Brussels
French
Wallonia
Belgium
General Labour Federation of Belgium
Gaston Eyskens
Belgian Congo
austerity
Unitary Law
Gendarmerie
Belgian Army
Liège-Guillemins railway station
Flanders
heavy industry
deindustrialization
Walloon Movement
Renardism
syndicalism

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.