1005:
31:
960:") and that civilians had tortured and maltreated German soldiers. The response was a series of multiple large-scale attacks on civilians and the destruction of historic buildings and cultural centers. The German army executed between 5,500 and 6,500 French and Belgian civilians between August and November 1914, usually in near-random, large-scale shootings of civilians ordered by junior German officers. Individuals suspected of partisan activities were summarily shot. Historians researching German Army records have discovered 101 "major" incidents—where ten or more civilians were killed—with a total of 4,421 executed. Historians have also discovered 383 "minor" incidents that led to the deaths of another 1,100 Belgians. Almost all were claimed by Germany to be responses to guerrilla attacks. In addition some high-profile Belgian figures, including politician
125:
1042:(CNSA) realized that the only way to avoid a famine in Belgium was through imports from overseas. Hoover's Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB) received the permission of both Germany and the Allies for their activities. As chairman of the CRB, Hoover worked with Francqui to raise money and support overseas, transporting food and aid to Belgium which was then distributed by the CNSA. The CRB purchased and imported millions of tons of foodstuffs for the CN to distribute, and watched over the CN to make sure the Germans did not appropriate the food. The CRB became a veritable independent republic of relief, with its own flag, navy, factories, mills, and railroads. Private donations and government grants (78%) supplied an $ 11-million-a-month budget.
1169:
1555:
938:
86:
1209:
873:
1335:
1117:" which was the first university that taught in the Dutch language. Dutch was also introduced as the language of instruction in all state-supported schools in Flanders in 1918. The German measures split the Movement between the "activists" or "maximalists", who believed that using German support was their only chance to realize their objectives, and the "passivists" who opposed German involvement. In 1917, the Germans created the
1479:
739:
39:
923:. The Germans sent in managers to operate factories that were underperforming. Lack of effort was a form of passive resistance; Kossmann says that for many Belgians the war years were "a long and extremely dull vacation." Belgian workers were conscripted into forced labour projects; by 1918, the Germans had deported 120,000 Belgian workers to Germany.
911:
War
Refugees Committee (WRC) and the Secours National, to provide relief and support; there were an additional 1,500 local WRC committees in Britain. The high visibility of the refugees underscored the role of Belgium in the minds of the French and British. In the spring of 1915, German authorities started construction on the
1123:("Council of Flanders") as a quasi-autonomous government in Flanders composed of "activists". In December 1917, the council attempted to achieve Flemish independence from Belgium but the defeat of Germany in the war meant that they never achieved success. After the war, many "activists" were arrested for collaboration.
1087:, but communications with the people behind German lines were difficult and roundabout. The government in exile did not govern Belgium, and so its politicians instead squabbled endlessly, and plotted unrealistic foreign policy moves, such as the annexation of Luxembourg or a slice of the Netherlands after the war.
1474:
and the other leaders of France, Italy, Britain and the United States. He had four strategic goals: 1) to restore and expand the
Belgian economy, using cash reparations from Germany; 2) to assure Belgium's security by the creation of a new buffer state on the left bank of the Rhine; 3) to revise the
1176:
Belgium was poorly prepared for war. Strict neutrality meant there was no coordination of any kind with anyone. It had a new, inexperienced general staff. It started compulsory service in 1909; the plan was to have an army of 340,000 men by 1926. In 1914 the old system had been abandoned and the new
910:
Many civilians fled the war zones to safer parts of
Belgium. Many refugees from all over the country went to the Netherlands (which was neutral) and about 300,000 to France. Over 200,000 went to Britain, where they resettled in London and found war jobs. The British and French governments set up the
1189:
Much of the small army was captured early on as the frontier forts surrendered. In late 1914 the King had only 60,000 soldiers left. During the war young men volunteered to serve, so by 1918 the total force had returned to 170,000. That was far too few to launch a major offensive. The
Germans had
1606:
was made the symbol of all
Britain was fighting for and was given an almost sacred aura. The Ypres League transformed the horrors of trench warfare into a spiritual quest in which British and Imperial troops were purified by their sacrifice. After the war Ypres became a pilgrimage destination for
1503:
Belgium was given much less than it wanted, with a total payment of three billion German gold marks ($ 500 million in 1919; $ 8,787,000,000 in 2024); the money did not stimulate the lethargic
Belgian economy of the 1920s. Belgium also received a small slice of territory in the east of the country
1066:
continuing as prime minister and also taking on the war portfolio. Viscount Julien
Davignon continued as foreign minister until 1917, when de Broqueville gave up the war ministry and took over foreign affairs. The government was broadened to include all parties, as politics were suspended for the
918:
On the advice of the
Belgian government in exile, civil servants remained in their posts for the duration of the conflict, carrying out the day-to-day functions of government. All political activity was suspended and Parliament shut down. While farmers and coal miners kept up their routines, many
995:
The Bryce Report was ridiculed in the 1920s and 1930s and afterwards as highly exaggerated wartime propaganda. It relied too heavily on unproven allegations of refugees and distorted interpretations of diaries of German soldiers. Recent scholarship has not tried to validate the statements in the
991:
Report. Published in May 1915, the Report provided elaborate details and first-hand accounts, including excerpts from diaries and letters found on captured German soldiers. The Report was a major factor in changing public opinion in neutral countries, especially the United States. After
Britain
975:. Recent research that systematically studied German Army sources has demonstrated that they in fact encountered no irregular forces in Belgium during the first two and a half months of the invasion. The Germans were responding instead to a phantom fear they had delusionally created themselves.
899:, was given control over the majority of the territory although the two provinces of East and West Flanders were given separate status as a war zone under the direct control of the German army. Elsewhere martial law prevailed. For the majority of the occupation, the German military governor was
1090:
Belgium was not officially one of the Allies. In turn they did not consult with
Belgium, but Britain, France and Russia formally pledged in 1916 that "when the moment comes, the Belgian government will be called to participate in the peace negotiations and that they will not put an end to the
1516:(which had remained neutral during the conflict), were rejected and led to ill-will. Britain was willing to guarantee Belgian borders only if it committed to neutrality, which Albert rejected. Instead, Belgium became a junior partner with France in an occupation of part of Germany under a
1190:
nothing to gain from an attack, so the short Belgian front was an island of relative calm as gigantic battles raged elsewhere on the Western Front. The total of Belgian soldiers killed came to about 2.0% of its eligible young men (compared to 13.3% in France and 12.5% in Germany).
1136:("Front Movement") was formed from Flemish soldiers in the Belgian Army to campaign for greater use of the Dutch language in education and government, although it was not separatist. Around 10 soldiers that were involved with the Flemish movement were sent to a
814:
has a graver hour sounded for Belgium. The strength of our right and the need of Europe for our autonomous existence make us still hope that the dreaded events will not occur." The same day, German troops invaded Belgium, crossing the frontier at dawn.
57:
traces Belgium's role between the German invasion in 1914, through the continued military resistance and occupation of the territory by German forces to the armistice in 1918, as well as the role it played in the international war effort through its
1091:
hostilities unless Belgium is re-established in its political and economic independence and largely indemnified for the damage which she has undergone. They will lend their aid to Belgium to assure her commercial and financial rehabilitation."
1004:
1499:
would constitute a serious menace to peace and stability on the continent. The Allies considered Belgium to be the chief victim of the war, and it aroused enormous popular sympathy, but the King's advice played a small role in Paris.
1494:
He strongly advised against a harsh, punitive treaty against Germany that would eventually provoke German revenge. He also considered that the dethronement of the princes of Central Europe and, in particular, the dissolution of the
1045:
At its peak, the American arm, the American Relief Administration (ARA) fed 10.5 million people daily. Great Britain became reluctant to support the CRB, preferring instead to emphasize Germany's obligation to supply the relief;
798:, in an attempt to capture Paris quickly by catching the French off guard through an invasion via neutral countries. It was this action that technically caused the British to enter the war, as they were still bound by the
1181:
and delay a German invasion as long as possible—a strategy that in the event proved highly effective as it disrupted the German timetable. For example, the German timetable required the capture of the railway center of
830:
resistance during the early days of the war, with the army – around a tenth the size of the German Army – holding up the German offensive for nearly a month, gave the French and British forces time to prepare for the
4699:
1255:" was stopped dead by exhausted Belgian forces at the Battle of the Yser. The dual significance of the battle was that the Germans were unable to complete their occupation of the entire country, and the
4714:
4898:
124:
4796:
4433:
2398:
3597:
3127:
30:
4875:
802:
to protect Belgium in the event of war. On 2 August 1914, the German government requested that German armies be given free passage through Belgian territory. This was refused by the
4903:
3410:
4818:
5091:
4510:
3468:
5198:
1326:
The Final Offensive had been very costly for the Belgian Army. It lost one-fifth of its forces in casualties, one-third of all the losses it sustained throughout the whole War.
1177:
one was unready, lacking trained officers and sergeants, as well as modern equipment. The army had 102 machine guns and no heavy artillery. The strategy was to concentrate near
838:
The German invaders treated any resistance—such as demolition of bridges and rail lines—as illegal and subversive, shooting the offenders and burning buildings in retaliation.
1099:
Flemish consciousness of their national identity grew through the events and experiences of war. The German occupying authorities, under Von Bissing and influenced by pre-war
5106:
4861:
5101:
4791:
4742:
4657:
3157:
3062:
1025:
1453:
armoured car was used for reconnaissance, long distance messaging and carrying out raids and small scale engagements. Sixteen Belgians were killed in action in the east.
4945:
2460:
915:, a lethal electric fence along the Belgian-Dutch border which would claim the lives of between 2,000 and 3,000 Belgian refugees trying to escape the occupied country.
3152:
1083:, became ministers without portfolio in 1914. In a cabinet shakeup in May 1918, de Broqueville was excluded altogether. The government was based in the French city of
653:
2635:
996:
Bryce Report. Instead research has gone into the official German records and have confirmed that the Germans committed large-scale deliberate atrocities in Belgium.
5331:
4786:
4144:
3022:
2809:
861:
601:
4415:
3637:
2997:
4846:
4776:
3627:
3538:
3052:
767:
4870:
3761:
3215:
2469:
Palo, Michael Francis. "The diplomacy of Belgian war aims during the First World War" (PhD Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1977).
3438:
2864:
2669:
2082:
3768:
2782:
3420:
4445:
4154:
4056:
5028:
4866:
4853:
4810:
4719:
4247:
3814:
3461:
5336:
5210:
2395:
971:
The German position was that widespread sabotage and guerrilla activities by Belgian civilians were wholly illegal and deserved immediate harsh
5220:
5078:
451:
75:
4992:
4926:
4763:
4642:
4315:
3334:
3190:
3032:
2971:
2508:
1440:
63:
5167:
4587:
3372:
3082:
2498:
984:
867:
4938:
5152:
992:
shipped 41,000 copies to the US, the Germans responded with their own report on atrocities against German soldiers by Belgian civilians.
3890:
3395:
2839:
2802:
2067:
1346:
827:
5137:
4427:
1160:. Kossmann concludes that the German policy of fostering separatism in Flanders was a failure because it did not win popular support.
3829:
1225:
1059:
4522:
3575:
1280:
By 28 September 1918, the Belgian Army had been reorganized in 12 infantry divisions. They formed part of the Belgian-French-British
5012:
4706:
3794:
3265:
3117:
2236:
1919:
1119:
781:
642:
579:
460:
143:
34:
Cartload of Belgian government public records, books and documents as it flees the Imperial German Army, published in November 1914
4192:
3230:
2874:
2647:
1317:
1017:
760:
3928:
5321:
5263:
5068:
5048:
4835:
4771:
4594:
4463:
3367:
3287:
3225:
2976:
2472:
Palo, Michael F. "Belgium's Response to the Peace Initiatives of December 1916: An Exercise in Diplomatic Self-Determination."
1251:
held off the invaders for over a week, buying valuable time for Allied troops to arrive in the area. Additionally, the German "
988:
4737:
4104:
2457:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5043:
3382:
3357:
3255:
2941:
2936:
2795:
1892:
1865:
1408:
1266:, until 1918, a fact that provided a propaganda coup to the Belgian forces on the Western Front for the duration of the war.
1021:
728:
2258:
1248:
5096:
5038:
5033:
4997:
4931:
4823:
4669:
4252:
3642:
3570:
3501:
3270:
3240:
3235:
3097:
3077:
2956:
1517:
896:
4262:
2702:
1766:
Pierre Purseigle, "'A Wave on to Our Shores': The Exile and Resettlement of Refugees from the Western Front, 1914–1918,"
956:
to capture Paris. From top to bottom, there was a firm belief that the Belgians had unleashed illegal saboteurs (called "
4987:
4614:
4554:
4451:
4356:
4119:
3905:
3609:
3448:
3347:
3057:
2961:
2931:
2905:
2900:
2844:
1467:
919:
larger businesses largely shut down, as did the universities. The Germans helped set up the first solely Dutch-speaking
266:
4222:
2383:
Den Hertog, Johan. "The Commission for Relief in Belgium and the Political Diplomatic History of the First World War,"
5225:
4662:
4647:
4505:
4457:
3773:
3647:
3560:
3324:
3312:
3307:
3087:
3007:
1446:
1412:
1263:
1168:
849:
753:
724:
720:
104:
4439:
3834:
2768:
1262:
Belgian troops continued to hold the same sector of frontline, known as the Yser Front and by now a part of the main
1009:
2757:
1554:
5205:
5162:
4197:
4182:
4084:
3953:
3521:
3433:
3390:
3122:
3067:
3027:
3017:
3012:
2869:
1471:
85:
5147:
4487:
4094:
3948:
2746:
5341:
4915:
4499:
4242:
4227:
3839:
3533:
3511:
3260:
3250:
3183:
3112:
3037:
2890:
2834:
2080:
Van arrangeren tot renseigneren. Smaad en geweld Van militairen Tegen hun oversten tijdens de eerste wereldoorlog
1528:
1313:
1030:
Belgium faced a food crisis and an international response was organized by an American engineer based in London,
832:
4528:
4469:
4409:
1475:
obsolete treaty of 1839; and 4) to promote a "rapprochement" between Belgium and the Grand duchy of Luxembourg.
5326:
5122:
4609:
4599:
4481:
4217:
4212:
4134:
3543:
3516:
3220:
3107:
2951:
2926:
2724:
2713:
1445:
The Belgian Expeditionary Corps was a small armoured car unit; it was sent to Russia in 1915 and fought on the
1149:
664:
3938:
2680:
2447:
937:
2079:
1411:, thirty-two Congolese residents in Belgium were part of the Belgian Army and participated in the war at the
1243:
Belgian soldiers fought a number of significant delaying actions in 1914 during the initial invasion. At the
5193:
5185:
5127:
4887:
4582:
4345:
4257:
4172:
4167:
4139:
4099:
3958:
3943:
3918:
3799:
3676:
3135:
3131:
3047:
2849:
1072:
799:
732:
631:
491:
59:
2484:
1576:. In the British Empire and America, poppies became a symbol of human life lost in war and were adopted as
4960:
4684:
4619:
4475:
4202:
4129:
4079:
4064:
4046:
4019:
3933:
3900:
3565:
3526:
3317:
3210:
3092:
3042:
2992:
2854:
1539:
1363:
1275:
1229:
1114:
1063:
920:
803:
621:
303:
4493:
1570:
that sprang up in no man's land when fields were torn up by artillery were immortalized in the 1915 poem
4950:
4604:
4269:
4232:
4162:
4109:
4031:
3999:
3973:
3923:
3854:
3756:
3709:
3555:
3493:
3362:
3245:
3072:
2946:
2895:
2253:
1293:
1237:
972:
501:
3895:
2735:
891:
The Germans governed the occupied areas of Belgium (over 95% of the country) while a small area around
5300:
5215:
3869:
3844:
3819:
3176:
2691:
2406:
1521:
1080:
694:
480:
401:
392:
381:
349:
324:
199:
5282:
5235:
4421:
4285:
4237:
4114:
4074:
4069:
4014:
3697:
3691:
3592:
2966:
1450:
1285:
1217:
1137:
704:
684:
558:
423:
370:
359:
256:
246:
2548:(1931), detailed memoir by the military visor to the King; covers 1912 to the end of October, 1914
2281:
1934:
Trevor Wilson, "Lord Bryce's Investigation into Alleged German Atrocities in Belgium, 1914–1915,"
1602:
British veterans and civilians in the 1920s created a shrine of sacrifice in Belgium. The city of
1103:, viewed the Flemish as an oppressed people and launched a policy to appeal to the demands of the
5242:
5157:
4516:
4380:
4362:
4327:
4291:
4124:
4089:
4041:
4026:
3913:
3864:
3703:
3662:
3342:
1648:
1572:
1424:
1379:
1199:
1050:
led a military faction that considered the Belgian relief effort "a positive military disaster."
900:
811:
470:
412:
293:
284:
227:
161:
134:
113:
2514:
2421:
1623:
1316:, in which it liberated Bruges and Ostend. Between 20 October and 11 November, it fought in the
1244:
820:
2787:
2658:
2226:
1208:
5275:
5269:
5230:
5132:
4965:
4548:
4403:
4386:
4187:
4009:
3989:
3824:
3809:
3739:
3727:
3587:
3428:
3405:
3352:
2921:
2504:
2232:
1915:
1888:
1861:
1577:
1525:
1076:
1047:
1035:
1012:
became a hero; his visits to the US inspired American Catholics and strengthened Belgian pride
872:
17:
1909:
1882:
1855:
4333:
4303:
4297:
4207:
4036:
4004:
3994:
3733:
3657:
3652:
3580:
3400:
3300:
3102:
2263:
2111:
1652:
1624:"German Request for Free Passage through Belgium, and the Belgian Response, 2–3 August 1914"
1487:
1383:
1358:
1104:
876:
523:
512:
314:
90:
2640:
1334:
5142:
4982:
4321:
3874:
3849:
3548:
3456:
3295:
2556:
2464:
2402:
2086:
1793:
1508:) from Germany, which remains part of the country to this day. Its demands for a slice of
1496:
1416:
1371:
1252:
1107:
which had emerged in the late 19th century. These measures were collectively known as the
953:
932:
795:
590:
1583:
The suffering of Flanders is still remembered by Flemish organizations during the yearly
983:
The British were quick to tell the world about German atrocities. Britain sponsored the "
2619:
2614:
2601:
2584:
2566:
2536:
835:
later in the year. In fact, the German advance on Paris was almost exactly on schedule.
4975:
4955:
4626:
4339:
4177:
3968:
3859:
3715:
3619:
3602:
2606:
1607:
Britons to imagine and share the sufferings of their men and gain a spiritual benefit.
1584:
1543:
1478:
1428:
1420:
1403:
1354:
1338:
1031:
957:
945:
743:
674:
209:
5315:
5086:
4374:
4368:
3804:
3721:
3632:
2364:
1729:
1532:
1505:
1395:
1367:
1342:
1289:
1109:
1100:
965:
912:
807:
611:
548:
433:
2254:"Congo on Yser The 32 Congolese soldiers in the Belgian army in the First World War"
1668:
1312:. After a pause between 2 and 14 October, the Belgian Army also participated in the
4536:
3963:
2437:
full text online in Dutch (use CHROME browser for automatic translation to English)
2417:
1566:
Due to the hundreds of thousands of British and Canadian casualties, the blood-red
1386:. The League of Nations in 1925 made Belgium the trustee of this territory (modern
1157:
845:
2772:
2761:
2750:
2739:
2728:
2717:
2706:
2695:
2684:
2673:
2662:
2651:
1067:
duration; of course, no elections were possible. The two main opposition leaders,
1374:. Congolese forces, under Belgian officers, fought German colonial forces in the
4747:
4652:
4350:
3778:
3199:
2819:
1513:
1153:
1131:
1068:
961:
787:
188:
54:
2489:
Proctor, T. M. "Missing in Action: Belgian Civilians and the First World War,"
2055:
38:
2581:
An American Epic: Vol. I: The Relief of Belgium and Northern France, 1914–1930
2436:
1596:
1301:
1203:
1127:
791:
4542:
4309:
2859:
2367:, "The Ypres League and the Commemoration of the Ypres Salient, 1914–1940,"
2116:
2099:
1592:
1588:
1559:
1483:
1309:
1305:
1297:
43:
2267:
903:(1914–17). Beneath the governor was a network of regional and local German
2636:'Belgian Neutrality and its Reinterpretation ahead of the First World War'
4802:
2056:
Dr. J. Goossenaertskring reikt voor het eerst Alfons De Schepperprijs uit
1259:
area remained unoccupied. The success was a propaganda coup for Belgium.
1233:
1183:
1178:
1145:
1084:
841:
816:
174:
2392:
The Agony of Belgium The Invasion of Belgium in WWI August–December 1914
1654:
The Agony of Belgium The Invasion of Belgium in WWI August–December 1914
1370:; however, in 1914 a German gunboat sank a number of Belgian vessels on
2432:
1509:
1391:
1375:
178:
50:
2670:
Intimate Relations between Occupiers and Occupied (Belgium and France)
1535:. On the whole, Belgian diplomacy was poorly handled and ineffective.
1113:("Flemish Policy"). From 1916, the Germans sponsored the creation of "
907:
and each locality was under the ultimate control of a German officer.
895:
remained under Belgian control. An occupation authority, known as the
1911:
The Conning of America: The Great War and American Popular Literature
1387:
236:
170:
2773:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2762:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2751:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2740:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2729:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2718:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2707:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2696:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2685:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2674:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2663:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2652:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2576:(1940), pp 333–37 summarizes published memoirs by main participants
2553:
Public Relations of the Commission for Relief in Belgium: Documents
4970:
1603:
1567:
1553:
1477:
1321:
1167:
1003:
936:
892:
871:
848:
and it saw some of the greatest loss of life on both sides of the
37:
29:
2778:
2598:
War Bread: A Personal Narrative of the War and Relief in Belgium
1256:
1221:
1141:
3172:
2791:
952:
The German Army was outraged at how Belgium had frustrated the
95:
in 1914 depicting "little" Belgium barring "big" Germany's path
3168:
2454:
Innocent Abroad: Belgium at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919
2340:
Innocent Abroad: Belgium at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919
2194:
2192:
2591:
The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: Years of Adventure, 1874–1920
2104:
WT. Tijdschrift over de Geschiedenis van de Vlaamse Beweging
2225:
Spencer C. Tucker and Priscilla Mary Roberts, ed. (2005).
2643:
at the International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
2078:
Tom Simoens, CHTP-BEG - n° 23 / 2011, article in Dutch
2058:
Geert Herman, Nieuwsblad, 7 juli 2014, article in Dutch
1970:
The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Humanitarian, 1914–1917
42:
1918 American poster used to encourage the purchase of
1781:
Belgian Refugee Relief in England during the Great War
2620:
Charlotte Kellogg, Commission for Relief in Belgium,
2068:
Peter Verplancke, VRT, 15 juli 2018, article in Dutch
2500:
The Rape of Belgium: The Untold Story of World War I
1953:
The Rape of Belgium: The Untold Story of World War I
1224:
as commander of the military to lead the army while
810:
addressed his Parliament on 4 August, saying "Never
5255:
5176:
5115:
5077:
5021:
5010:
4914:
4886:
4834:
4756:
4730:
4682:
4635:
4575:
4568:
4396:
4278:
4153:
4055:
3982:
3883:
3787:
3749:
3684:
3675:
3618:
3492:
3481:
3447:
3419:
3381:
3333:
3286:
3279:
3145:
2985:
2914:
2883:
2827:
2444:
Rehearsals: The German Army in Belgium, August 1914
1957:
Rehearsals: The German Army in Belgium, August 1914
1538:Between 1923 and 1925, Belgian and French soldiers
2301:Vincent Dujardin, Mark van den Wijngaert, et al.
1126:Independently, among the Belgian soldiers on the
1951:(Yale University Press, 2002); Larry Zuckerman,
1058:The prewar Catholic ministry remained in office
948:depicting the 1914 German atrocities in Belgium.
4145:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
862:German occupation of Belgium during World War I
2648:Occupation during the War (Belgium and France)
3184:
2803:
1531:over the former German colonies in Africa of
1490:as "To our heroes in 1914–1918 and 1940–1945"
1296:, in which they breached the German lines at
761:
27:Involvement of Belgium in the First World War
8:
2546:Albert King of the Belgians in the Great War
2414:German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial
2315:Albert and the Belgians: Portrait of a King.
2158:Albert King of the Belgians in the Great War
1949:German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial
1842:German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial
1657:. Beaumont Fox 2nd edition 2014. p. 19.
1212:The ruins of Ypres, after its three battles.
1040:Comité National de Secours et d'Alimentation
1026:Comité National de Secours et d'Alimentation
2622:Women of Belgium turning tragedy to triumph
1378:and seized control of the western third of
790:began, Germany invaded neutral Belgium and
5018:
4727:
4632:
4572:
3681:
3489:
3283:
3191:
3177:
3169:
2810:
2796:
2788:
2200:The European Powers in the First World War
1717:The European Powers in the First World War
1330:Belgian Congo and the East Africa Campaign
968:, were imprisoned in Germany as hostages.
768:
754:
98:
2228:World War I : A Student Encyclopedia
2115:
1486:, Flanders. The words on it translate to
4434:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
2574:Recent Revelations of European Diplomacy
1643:
1641:
1333:
1207:
84:
4811:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
2503:. New York: New York University Press.
2156:Emile Joseph Galet and Ernest Swinton,
1615:
1292:. They played an important part in the
1172:Belgian soldier at the front line, 1918
979:Bryce Report and international response
112:
101:
5332:World War I crimes by Imperial Germany
2703:Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB)
2563:A Journal from Our Legation in Belgium
2259:Cahiers bruxellois - Brusselse cahiers
2145:The First World War: Volume I: To Arms
1288:and his French Chief of Staff General
76:Belgium in the long nineteenth century
4764:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
4100:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
1470:in April 1919, where he met with the
1441:Belgian Expeditionary Corps in Russia
7:
5168:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
2491:Revue belge d’Histoire contemporaine
1546:to maintain payment of reparations.
1482:A typical municipal war memorial in
985:Committee on Alleged German Outrages
868:Belgian government at Sainte-Adresse
5097:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
3891:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
3830:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2769:Collaboration (Belgium and France)
2394:(2nd Edition Beaumont Fox, 2015),
25:
2758:Making Sense of the War (Belgium)
2282:"Belgian Armoured Cars in Russia"
1881:Horne and Kramer (January 2001).
1854:Horne and Kramer (January 2001).
1355:Force Publique § World War I
887:) for use in the occupied country
782:German invasion of Belgium (1914)
144:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
4193:Second Battle of the Piave River
3815:Russian invasion of East Prussia
2412:Horne, John N. and Alan Kramer.
1955:(NYU Press, 2004); Jeff Lipkes,
1794:"De Dodendraad – Wereldoorlog I"
1318:Battle of the Lys and the Escaut
1018:Commission for Relief in Belgium
737:
123:
5264:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
4464:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2747:Resistance (Belgium and France)
2481:The Belgian Army in World War I
2416:(Yale University Press, 2001),
2213:The Belgian Army in World War I
2098:Didden, Kris (1 January 1997).
1959:(Leuven University Press, 2007)
1936:Journal of Contemporary History
1704:Breaking the Fortress Line 1914
5087:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
4946:Deportations from East Prussia
4743:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
1558:Typical Belgian war graves at
1366:posed no direct threat to the
1022:American Relief Administration
826:It is widely claimed that the
18:Belgium in the First World War
1:
4998:Ukrainian Canadian internment
2613:(1920)], by U.S. ambassador
2611:Belgium: a personal narrative
2526:, focused on the early months
1983:Herbert Hoover: A Public Life
1768:Contemporary European History
1320:and reached the outskirts of
1270:Final Offensive (Autumn 1918)
5153:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
4452:Estonian War of Independence
4120:Southern Palestine offensive
2725:Post-war Societies (Belgium)
2714:Food and Nutrition (Belgium)
2641:Articles relating to Belgium
2371:(2009) 16#1 pp 51–76, online
2132:The Low Countries: 1780–1940
2100:"De Houthakkers van de Orne"
1947:John Horne and Alan Kramer,
1840:John Horne and Alan Kramer,
1816:The Low Countries: 1780–1940
1562:, near the former Yser Front
5107:USA against Austria-Hungary
4506:Turkish War of Independence
4458:Latvian War of Independence
4183:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
3774:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
2690:Van Everbroeck, Christine:
2681:Warfare 1914–1918 (Belgium)
2429:The Low Countries 1780–1940
1706:. Pen and Sword, pp196-200.
1524:, Belgium was also given a
1164:Belgian military operations
5358:
5190:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
4738:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
4198:Second Battle of the Marne
4085:Second battle of the Aisne
3954:Second Battle of Champagne
3795:German invasion of Belgium
2756:De Schaepdrijver, Sophie:
2231:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1056.
1783:(New York: Garland, 1982);
1755:A short history of Belgium
1466:King Albert I went to the
1438:
1415:. These soldiers included
1352:
1273:
1197:
1015:
930:
865:
859:
779:
73:
5337:Belgium–Germany relations
5296:
4971:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
4500:Irish War of Independence
4243:Armistice of Villa Giusti
4228:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3840:First Battle of the Marne
3206:
2497:Zuckerman, Larry (2004).
1908:Patrick J. Quinn (2001).
1770:(2007): 16#4 pp 427–444,
1730:"Battle of Passchendaele"
1364:German presence in Africa
1186:in two days; it took 11.
856:German occupation 1914–18
844:was the main base of the
267:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
5123:Constantinople Agreement
4416:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
4279:Co-belligerent conflicts
4248:Second Romanian campaign
4218:Third Transjordan attack
3929:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
3835:Battle of Grand Couronné
2600:(New York: Holt, 1916.)
2385:Diplomacy and Statecraft
1578:an emblem of remembrance
1345:ford a river during the
1150:Special Forestry Platoon
1060:as a government in exile
5186:Modus vivendi of Acroma
5138:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
4446:Greater Poland Uprising
4346:National Protection War
4223:Meuse–Argonne offensive
4173:German spring offensive
4168:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3944:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
3919:Second Battle of Artois
3800:Battle of the Frontiers
2783:Brussels-Capital Region
2485:excerpt and text search
2448:excerpt and text search
2433:excerpt and text search
2387:(2010) 21#4 pp 593–613.
2252:Brosens, Griet (2014).
2117:10.21825/wt.v56i4.13075
1938:(1979) 14#3 pp 369–383.
1626:. www.firstworldwar.com
1413:Western Front in Europe
1152:, where they worked as
944:by the American artist
541:20th and 21st centuries
89:A British cartoon from
5322:Belgium in World War I
5211:Paris Peace Conference
5199:Ukraine–Central Powers
4993:Massacres of Albanians
4961:Late Ottoman genocides
4768:Bulgarian occupations
4476:Third Anglo-Afghan War
4440:Hungarian–Romanian War
4258:Naval Victory Bulletin
4253:Armistice with Germany
4203:Hundred Days Offensive
4130:Battle of La Malmaison
4080:Second battle of Arras
4047:Battle of Transylvania
3901:Second Battle of Ypres
3769:Sarajevo assassination
3658:South African Republic
2569:, by American diplomat
2268:10.3917/brux.046e.0243
1914:. Rodopi. p. 39.
1884:German Atrocities 1914
1857:German Atrocities 1914
1669:"World War I: Belgium"
1563:
1491:
1468:Paris Peace Conference
1382:, advancing as far as
1350:
1284:under command of King
1276:Hundred Days Offensive
1230:Charles de Broqueville
1226:the Belgian government
1213:
1173:
1115:Von Bissing University
1064:Charles de Broqueville
1013:
949:
888:
833:Marne counteroffensive
823:and fell on 7 August.
96:
66:on the Eastern Front.
46:
35:
5221:Treaty of St. Germain
5194:Russia–Central Powers
5148:Sykes–Picot Agreement
4976:Pontic Greek genocide
4951:Destruction of Kalisz
4927:Eastern Mediterranean
4488:Polish–Lithuanian War
4270:Armistice of Belgrade
4233:Armistice of Salonica
4163:Operation Faustschlag
4110:Third Battle of Oituz
4032:Baranovichi offensive
4000:Lake Naroch offensive
3974:Battle of Robat Karim
3949:Vistula–Bug offensive
3924:Battles of the Isonzo
3855:First Battle of Ypres
2822:by region and country
2544:Galet, Emile Joseph.
2476:42.4 (1980): 583–597.
2198:Spencer Tucker, ed.,
1715:Spencer Tucker, ed.,
1557:
1520:. As outlined in the
1481:
1337:
1294:Fifth Battle of Ypres
1249:town's fortifications
1211:
1171:
1007:
973:collective punishment
940:
875:
88:
41:
33:
5216:Treaty of Versailles
4932:Mount Lebanon famine
4847:in the United States
4815:Russian occupations
4529:Turkish–Armenian War
4470:Polish–Ukrainian War
4410:Ukrainian–Soviet War
4357:Central Asian Revolt
4140:Armistice of Focșani
3870:Battle of Sarikamish
3820:Battle of Tannenberg
3216:Military engagements
2767:Connolly, James E.:
2745:Debruyne, Emmanuel:
2736:War Losses (Belgium)
2723:Kesteloot, Chantal:
2668:Debruyne, Emmanuel:
2551:Gay, George I., ed.
2325:Margaret MacMillan,
2313:Charles d'Ydewalle.
2147:(2001) 1:208-12, 216
1753:Léon van der Essen,
1734:National Army Museum
1702:Donnell, C. (2013).
1689:Barbara W. Tuchman,
1522:Treaty of Versailles
1394:) as the mandate of
1148:, France called the
1034:, on the request of
1000:International relief
821:attacked on 4 August
622:Reign of Leopold III
393:Southern Netherlands
350:Northern Renaissance
5283:They shall not pass
5206:Treaty of Bucharest
5163:Treaty of Bucharest
5102:USA against Germany
5079:Declarations of war
4783:German occupations
4696:British casualties
4555:Soviet–Georgian War
4482:Egyptian Revolution
4422:Armeno-Georgian War
4286:Somaliland campaign
4238:Armistice of Mudros
4115:Battle of Caporetto
4105:Battle of Mărășești
4075:Zimmermann telegram
4070:February Revolution
4015:Battle of the Somme
3939:Bug-Narew Offensive
3914:Battle of Gallipoli
3906:Sinking of the RMS
3698:Scramble for Africa
3692:Franco-Prussian War
3348:Sinai and Palestine
2596:Hunt, Edward Eyre.
2211:Osprey Publishing,
1818:(1978) p 525, 528–9
1595:at the monument of
1462:Postwar settlements
1286:Albert I of Belgium
1282:Army Group Flanders
1138:penal military unit
1120:Raad van Vlaanderen
927:The Rape of Belgium
921:university in Ghent
879:, overprinted with
502:Reign of Leopold II
371:Seventeen Provinces
5243:Treaty of Lausanne
5158:Paris Economy Pact
5092:UK against Germany
5022:Entry into the war
4988:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
4707:Ottoman casualties
4517:Franco-Turkish War
4397:Post-War conflicts
4381:Russian Revolution
4363:Invasion of Darfur
4328:Kelantan rebellion
4316:Kurdish rebellions
4292:Mexican Revolution
4125:October Revolution
4090:Kerensky offensive
4065:Capture of Baghdad
4042:Monastir offensive
4027:Brusilov offensive
3865:Battle of Kolubara
3704:Russo-Japanese War
2463:2020-08-07 at the
2401:2018-08-04 at the
2329:(2003) pp 106, 272
2085:2019-12-03 at the
2044:Belgium: a history
1860:. pp. 74–75.
1829:Belgium: a history
1691:The Guns of August
1589:"Wake of the Yser"
1573:In Flanders Fields
1564:
1533:Rwanda and Burundi
1492:
1425:Paul Panda Farnana
1384:the town at Tabora
1380:German East Africa
1351:
1214:
1200:Battle of the Yser
1174:
1014:
950:
942:The Germans Arrive
901:Moritz von Bissing
897:General Government
889:
804:Belgian government
744:Belgium portal
731: •
727: •
723: •
695:Reign of Albert II
481:Reign of Leopold I
471:Belgian Revolution
413:Brabant Revolution
294:Franco-Flemish War
97:
47:
36:
5309:
5308:
5292:
5291:
5276:The Golden Virgin
5270:Mutilated victory
5251:
5250:
5231:Treaty of Trianon
5226:Treaty of Neuilly
5133:Damascus Protocol
5006:
5005:
4966:Armenian genocide
4923:Allied blockades
4895:Belgian refugees
4678:
4677:
4588:Strategic bombing
4564:
4563:
4549:Franco-Syrian War
4523:Greco-Turkish War
4511:Anglo-Turkish War
4494:Polish–Soviet War
4428:German Revolution
4404:Russian Civil War
4387:Finnish Civil War
4213:Battle of Megiddo
4188:Battle of Goychay
4135:Battle of Cambrai
4095:Battle of Mărăști
4010:Battle of Jutland
3990:Erzurum offensive
3845:Siege of Przemyśl
3825:Siege of Tsingtao
3810:Battle of Galicia
3740:Second Balkan War
3728:Italo-Turkish War
3685:Pre-War conflicts
3671:
3670:
3561:Portuguese Empire
3477:
3476:
3439:German New Guinea
3421:Asian and Pacific
3166:
3165:
2875:Southern Rhodesia
2870:South West Africa
2734:Majerus, Benoît:
2701:Little, Branden:
2646:Wegner, Larissa:
2593:(1951) pp 152–237
2589:Hoover, Herbert.
2579:Hoover, Herbert.
2510:978-0-8147-9704-4
2493:(2005) 4:547–572.
2353:The Low Countries
2160:(1931), pp 73–106
1827:Bernard A. Cook,
1796:. Bunkergordel.be
1693:(1962) pp 191–214
1544:Weimar government
1540:occupied the Ruhr
1526:League of Nations
1314:Battle of Courtai
1077:Emile Vandervelde
1054:Internal politics
1048:Winston Churchill
778:
777:
713:
712:
705:Reign of Philippe
685:Reign of Baudouin
654:German occupation
602:German occupation
559:Reign of Albert I
532:
531:
442:
441:
354:15th–16th century
333:
332:
275:
274:
228:Early Middle Ages
218:
217:
200:Ambiorix's revolt
152:
151:
16:(Redirected from
5349:
5342:1910s in Belgium
5236:Treaty of Sèvres
5128:Treaty of London
5019:
4797:Northeast France
4728:
4700:Parliamentarians
4633:
4595:Chemical weapons
4573:
4334:Senussi campaign
4304:Muscat rebellion
4298:Maritz rebellion
4266:
4208:Vardar offensive
4037:Battle of Romani
4005:Battle of Asiago
3995:Battle of Verdun
3959:Kosovo offensive
3734:First Balkan War
3682:
3581:Russian Republic
3490:
3284:
3226:Economic history
3193:
3186:
3179:
3170:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2789:
2712:Vrints, Antoon:
2692:Flemish Movement
2525:
2523:
2522:
2513:. Archived from
2427:Kossmann, E. H.
2390:Fox, Sir Frank.
2372:
2362:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2262:. 1E XLVI: 246.
2249:
2243:
2242:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2187:
2182:Niall Ferguson,
2180:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2095:
2089:
2076:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1968:George H. Nash,
1966:
1960:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1851:
1845:
1844:(Yale U.P. 2001)
1838:
1832:
1831:(2002) pp. 102–7
1825:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1726:
1720:
1719:(1999) pp 114–20
1713:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1620:
1419:, Jean Balamba,
1359:Tabora Offensive
1347:African Campaign
1105:Flemish Movement
1095:Flemish identity
1010:Cardinal Mercier
770:
763:
756:
742:
741:
740:
545:
544:
524:Congo Free State
492:Treaty of London
457:
456:
424:Liège Revolution
346:
345:
290:
289:
233:
232:
167:
166:
140:
139:
127:
117:
99:
49:The history of
21:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5327:1914 in Belgium
5312:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5288:
5247:
5179:
5172:
5143:Treaty of Darin
5111:
5073:
5029:Austria-Hungary
5015:
5002:
4983:Rape of Belgium
4910:
4882:
4830:
4824:Western Armenia
4819:Eastern Galicia
4752:
4726:
4690:
4689:Civilian impact
4688:
4674:
4631:
4560:
4392:
4322:Ovambo Uprising
4274:
4260:
4149:
4051:
3978:
3896:Battle of Łomża
3879:
3875:Christmas truce
3850:Race to the Sea
3783:
3745:
3667:
3638:Austria-Hungary
3614:
3549:Empire of Japan
3486:
3484:
3473:
3457:U-boat campaign
3443:
3415:
3377:
3329:
3275:
3256:Popular culture
3202:
3197:
3167:
3162:
3141:
2998:Austria-Hungary
2981:
2910:
2879:
2823:
2816:
2632:
2607:Whitlock, Brand
2561:Gibson, Hugh.
2533:
2531:Primary sources
2520:
2518:
2511:
2496:
2479:Pawly, Ronald.
2465:Wayback Machine
2422:Summary of book
2403:Wayback Machine
2396:Summary of book
2380:
2378:Further reading
2375:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2215:(2009) pp 36–37
2210:
2206:
2202:(1999) pp 116–8
2197:
2190:
2184:The Pity of War
2181:
2177:
2173:(1978) pp 523–4
2168:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2125:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2087:Wayback Machine
2077:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2031:Innocent Abroad
2028:
2024:
2018:Innocent Abroad
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1822:
1814:E.H. Kossmann,
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1779:Peter Cahalan,
1778:
1774:
1765:
1761:
1757:(1920) pp 174–5
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1585:Yser pilgrimage
1552:
1497:Habsburg Empire
1464:
1459:
1443:
1437:
1417:Joseph Adipanga
1409:African theatre
1372:Lake Tanganyika
1361:
1339:Native soldiers
1332:
1325:
1324:by 11 November.
1278:
1272:
1253:Race to the Sea
1245:Battle of Liège
1206:
1198:Main articles:
1196:
1166:
1097:
1056:
1028:
1016:Main articles:
1002:
987:" known as the
981:
954:Schlieffen Plan
935:
933:Rape of Belgium
929:
870:
864:
858:
796:Schlieffen Plan
794:as part of the
784:
774:
738:
736:
735:
715:
714:
542:
534:
533:
454:
444:
443:
343:
335:
334:
304:Burgundian rule
287:
277:
276:
230:
220:
219:
164:
154:
153:
137:
115:
108:
83:
81:German invasion
78:
72:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5355:
5353:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5314:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5267:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5188:
5182:
5180:
5178:Peace treaties
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5064:United Kingdom
5061:
5056:
5054:Ottoman Empire
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5016:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4958:
4956:Sack of Dinant
4953:
4948:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4920:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4904:United Kingdom
4901:
4892:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4864:
4858:POW locations
4856:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4693:
4691:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4658:United Kingdom
4655:
4653:Ottoman Empire
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4630:
4629:
4627:Trench warfare
4624:
4623:
4622:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4579:
4577:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4343:
4340:Volta-Bani War
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4178:Zeebrugge Raid
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3969:Battle of Loos
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:Black Sea raid
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3762:Historiography
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3716:Bosnian Crisis
3713:
3710:Tangier Crisis
3707:
3701:
3695:
3688:
3686:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3643:Ottoman Empire
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3620:Central Powers
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:British Empire
3598:United Kingdom
3595:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3576:Russian Empire
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3494:Entente Powers
3487:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:North Atlantic
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3373:Central Arabia
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3335:Middle Eastern
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3292:
3290:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3236:Historiography
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3128:United Kingdom
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:Ottoman Empire
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2957:Ottoman Empire
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2779:Brussels 14–18
2776:
2765:
2754:
2743:
2732:
2721:
2710:
2699:
2688:
2679:Simoens, Tom:
2677:
2666:
2657:Kramer, Alan:
2655:
2644:
2638:
2631:
2630:External links
2628:
2627:
2626:
2617:
2604:
2594:
2587:
2577:
2570:
2559:
2549:
2542:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2509:
2494:
2487:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2458:online edition
2452:Marks, Sally.
2450:
2442:Lipkes, Jeff.
2440:
2425:
2410:
2407:Review of book
2388:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2369:War in History
2357:
2344:
2338:Sally Marks,
2331:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2273:
2244:
2237:
2217:
2204:
2188:
2175:
2162:
2149:
2143:Hew Strachen,
2136:
2123:
2110:(4): 195–219.
2090:
2071:
2060:
2048:
2035:
2022:
2009:
2007:Burner, p. 82.
2000:
1996:Herbert Hoover
1987:
1981:David Burner,
1974:
1961:
1940:
1927:
1920:
1900:
1893:
1887:. p. 77.
1873:
1866:
1846:
1833:
1820:
1807:
1785:
1772:
1759:
1746:
1721:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1660:
1649:Fox, Sir Frank
1637:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1597:The Yser tower
1551:
1548:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1439:Main article:
1436:
1433:
1429:Albert Kudjabo
1421:Joseph Droeven
1407:troops at the
1404:Force Publique
1331:
1328:
1300:and conquered
1274:Main article:
1271:
1268:
1220:stayed in the
1195:
1192:
1165:
1162:
1130:, the Flemish
1096:
1093:
1055:
1052:
1036:Émile Francqui
1032:Herbert Hoover
1001:
998:
980:
977:
964:and historian
958:francs-tireurs
946:George Bellows
931:Main article:
928:
925:
905:kommandanturen
860:Main article:
857:
854:
828:Belgian Army’s
800:1839 agreement
780:Main article:
776:
775:
773:
772:
765:
758:
750:
747:
746:
729:Jewish history
717:
716:
711:
710:
707:
701:
700:
697:
691:
690:
687:
681:
680:
677:
675:Royal Question
671:
670:
667:
663: •
660:
659:
656:
652: •
649:
648:
645:
641: •
638:
637:
634:
628:
627:
624:
618:
617:
614:
608:
607:
604:
600: •
597:
596:
593:
589: •
586:
585:
582:
578: •
575:
574:
571:
565:
564:
561:
555:
554:
551:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:
530:
529:
526:
522: •
519:
518:
515:
511: •
508:
507:
504:
498:
497:
494:
490: •
487:
486:
483:
477:
476:
473:
467:
466:
463:
455:
450:
449:
446:
445:
440:
439:
436:
430:
429:
426:
422: •
419:
418:
415:
411: •
408:
407:
404:
398:
397:
395:
391: •
388:
387:
384:
380: •
377:
376:
373:
369: •
366:
365:
362:
356:
355:
352:
344:
341:
340:
337:
336:
331:
330:
327:
321:
320:
317:
313: •
310:
309:
306:
300:
299:
296:
288:
283:
282:
279:
278:
273:
272:
269:
263:
262:
259:
253:
252:
249:
243:
242:
239:
231:
226:
225:
222:
221:
216:
215:
214:51 BC–c.500 AD
212:
206:
205:
202:
198: •
195:
194:
191:
185:
184:
181:
165:
160:
159:
156:
155:
150:
149:
146:
138:
133:
132:
129:
128:
120:
119:
110:
109:
102:
82:
79:
74:Main article:
71:
68:
60:African colony
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5354:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5069:United States
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5009:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4681:
4671:
4670:United States
4668:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4620:Convoy system
4618:
4617:
4616:
4615:Naval warfare
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4375:Kaocen revolt
4373:
4370:
4369:Easter Rising
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Great Retreat
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Battle of Cer
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3722:Agadir Crisis
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3610:United States
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3527:French Empire
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3480:
3470:
3469:Mediterranean
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3449:Naval warfare
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3325:Italian Front
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3313:Eastern Front
3311:
3309:
3308:Western Front
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Puppet states
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Liechtenstein
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:United States
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2572:Gooch, G. P.
2571:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:(2 vol 1929)
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2517:on 2007-06-12
2516:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:online review
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2366:
2365:Mark Connelly
2361:
2358:
2355:pp 575–8, 649
2354:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2238:9781851098798
2234:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:Low Countries
2166:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:Sally Marks,
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:Sally Marks,
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1985:(1996) p. 74.
1984:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1921:9789042014756
1917:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1671:. histclo.com
1670:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1550:Commemoration
1549:
1547:
1545:
1542:to force the
1541:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:Eupen-Malmedy
1501:
1498:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:Eastern Front
1442:
1435:Eastern Front
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1396:Ruanda-Urundi
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:Belgian Congo
1365:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1343:Belgian Congo
1340:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:Passchendaele
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Jean Degoutte
1287:
1283:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1264:Western Front
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1156:as a form of
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1133:Frontbeweging
1129:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1110:Flamenpolitik
1106:
1102:
1101:Pan-Germanism
1094:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1006:
999:
997:
993:
990:
986:
978:
976:
974:
969:
967:
966:Henri Pirenne
963:
959:
955:
947:
943:
939:
934:
926:
924:
922:
916:
914:
913:Wire of Death
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
863:
855:
853:
851:
850:Western Front
847:
843:
839:
836:
834:
829:
824:
822:
818:
813:
809:
808:King Albert I
806:on 3 August.
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
783:
771:
766:
764:
759:
757:
752:
751:
749:
748:
745:
734:
730:
726:
722:
719:
718:
708:
706:
703:
702:
698:
696:
693:
692:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
676:
673:
672:
668:
666:
662:
661:
657:
655:
651:
650:
646:
644:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
613:
612:Ruanda-Urundi
610:
609:
605:
603:
599:
598:
594:
592:
588:
587:
583:
581:
577:
576:
572:
570:
567:
566:
562:
560:
557:
556:
552:
550:
549:Belgian Congo
547:
546:
538:
537:
527:
525:
521:
520:
516:
514:
510:
509:
505:
503:
500:
499:
495:
493:
489:
488:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
472:
469:
468:
464:
462:
459:
458:
453:
448:
447:
437:
435:
432:
431:
427:
425:
421:
420:
416:
414:
410:
409:
405:
403:
402:Austrian rule
400:
399:
396:
394:
390:
389:
385:
383:
379:
378:
374:
372:
368:
367:
363:
361:
358:
357:
353:
351:
348:
347:
339:
338:
328:
326:
325:Habsburg rule
323:
322:
318:
316:
315:Wars of Liège
312:
311:
307:
305:
302:
301:
297:
295:
292:
291:
286:
281:
280:
270:
268:
265:
264:
260:
258:
255:
254:
250:
248:
245:
244:
240:
238:
235:
234:
229:
224:
223:
213:
211:
208:
207:
203:
201:
197:
196:
192:
190:
187:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
157:
147:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
130:
126:
122:
121:
118:
111:
106:
100:
94:
93:
87:
80:
77:
69:
67:
65:
61:
56:
52:
45:
40:
32:
19:
5281:
5274:
5262:
4869: /
4801:
4636:Conscription
4600:Cryptography
4537:Iraqi Revolt
3964:Siege of Kut
3907:
3506:
3485:participants
3434:German Samoa
3368:South Arabia
3002:
2865:South Africa
2621:
2610:
2597:
2590:
2580:
2573:
2562:
2552:
2545:
2538:Bryce Report
2537:
2519:. Retrieved
2515:the original
2499:
2490:
2480:
2473:
2453:
2443:
2428:
2413:
2391:
2384:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2276:
2257:
2247:
2227:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2186:(1999) p 299
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2134:(1978) p 528
2131:
2126:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2074:
2063:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2003:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1977:
1969:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1910:
1903:
1883:
1876:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1788:
1780:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1663:
1653:
1628:. Retrieved
1618:
1601:
1582:
1571:
1565:
1537:
1502:
1493:
1465:
1444:
1402:
1400:
1362:
1281:
1279:
1261:
1242:
1232:withdrew to
1215:
1188:
1175:
1158:penal labour
1154:woodchoppers
1132:
1125:
1118:
1108:
1098:
1089:
1081:Labour party
1057:
1044:
1039:
1029:
994:
982:
970:
951:
941:
917:
909:
904:
890:
884:
880:
877:German stamp
846:British Army
840:
837:
825:
785:
632:World War II
568:
452:19th century
382:Dutch Revolt
360:Spanish rule
342:Early Modern
257:Carolingians
247:Merovingians
148:4300–2200 BC
91:
48:
4899:Netherlands
4876:Switzerland
4757:Occupations
4748:Spanish flu
4525:(1919–1922)
4519:(1918–1921)
4513:(1918–1923)
4502:(1919–1921)
4496:(1919–1921)
4490:(1919–1920)
4466:(1918–1920)
4460:(1918–1920)
4454:(1918–1920)
4436:(1918–1920)
4418:(1918–1920)
4412:(1917–1921)
4406:(1917–1921)
4353:(1916-1918)
4351:Arab Revolt
4342:(1915–1917)
4336:(1915–1917)
4324:(1914-1917)
4318:(1914–1917)
4312:(1914–1921)
4306:(1913–1920)
4294:(1910–1920)
4288:(1900–1920)
4261: [
3779:July Crisis
3700:(1880–1914)
3363:Mesopotamia
3241:Home fronts
3200:World War I
3158:New Zealand
3118:Switzerland
3068:Netherlands
2840:East Africa
2820:World War I
2818:History of
2585:text search
2303:Léopold III
1739:16 November
1630:31 December
1580:from 1921.
1518:1920 Treaty
1514:Netherlands
1069:Paul Hymans
962:Adolphe Max
788:World War I
569:World War I
434:French rule
285:Middle Ages
189:Gallic Wars
114:History of
64:small force
55:World War I
5316:Categories
5116:Agreements
4916:War crimes
4792:Luxembourg
4685:Casualties
3556:Montenegro
3391:South West
3271:Technology
3261:Propaganda
3251:Opposition
3063:Luxembourg
2659:Atrocities
2521:2012-12-14
2351:Kossmann,
2327:Paris 1919
2287:3 November
2169:Kossmann,
2130:Kossmann,
1894:0300107919
1867:0300107919
1504:(known as
1353:See also:
1204:Yser Front
1194:Yser Front
1128:Yser Front
866:See also:
812:since 1830
792:Luxembourg
591:Atrocities
513:School War
461:Dutch rule
210:Roman rule
135:Prehistory
70:Background
5013:Diplomacy
4720:Olympians
4643:Australia
4610:Logistics
4543:Vlora War
4472:(1918–19)
4448:(1918–19)
4442:(1918–19)
4430:(1918–19)
4377:(1916–17)
4359:(1916–17)
4310:Zaian War
4300:(1914–15)
4020:first day
3908:Lusitania
3736:(1912–13)
3730:(1911–12)
3718:(1908–09)
3712:(1905–06)
3694:(1870–71)
3483:Principal
3343:Gallipoli
3246:Memorials
3231:Geography
3221:Aftermath
3153:Australia
2962:Palestine
2932:Hong Kong
2906:Venezuela
2474:Historian
2439:pp 517–44
2046:pp. 104–5
1675:1 January
1593:Diksmuide
1560:Houthulst
1484:Poperinge
1457:Aftermath
1376:Cameroons
1341:from the
1310:Zonnebeke
1306:Langemark
1298:Houthulst
699:1993–2013
665:Holocaust
528:1885–1908
506:1865–1909
438:1793–1815
386:1568–1648
364:1556–1714
329:1482–1556
308:1384–1482
298:1297–1305
44:War Bonds
5301:Category
4888:Refugees
4854:Italians
4843:Germans
4803:Ober Ost
4583:Aviation
3677:Timeline
3648:Bulgaria
3429:Tsingtao
3406:Togoland
3353:Caucasus
3288:European
3280:Theatres
3088:Portugal
3008:Bulgaria
2922:Caucasus
2884:Americas
2850:Ethiopia
2461:Archived
2399:Archived
2083:Archived
1994:Burner,
1800:19 March
1651:(1914).
1472:Big Four
1401:Next to
1234:Le Havre
1228:, under
1218:Albert I
1179:Brussels
1146:Normandy
1085:Le Havre
1073:Liberals
1038:, whose
1008:Belgian
842:Flanders
725:Military
721:Timeline
643:Invasion
580:Invasion
271:980–1789
204:54–53 BC
193:58–50 BC
175:Eburones
105:a series
103:Part of
5039:Germany
4939:Germany
4867:Germany
4787:Belgium
4772:Albania
4731:Disease
4711:Sports
4663:Ireland
4576:Warfare
4569:Aspects
3757:Origins
3750:Prelude
3653:Senussi
3633:Germany
3628:Leaders
3566:Romania
3507:Belgium
3502:Leaders
3401:Kamerun
3383:African
3318:Romania
3296:Balkans
3211:Outline
3146:Oceania
3136:Ireland
3123:Ukraine
3093:Romania
3048:Ireland
3043:Hungary
3033:Germany
3023:Estonia
3018:Denmark
3013:Croatia
3003:Belgium
2993:Albania
2972:Vietnam
2860:Morocco
2855:Liberia
2738:, in:
2727:, in:
2694:, in:
2583:(1959)
2565:(1917)
2483:(2009)
2456:(1991)
2446:(2007)
2431:(1978)
2020:p 21-35
1568:poppies
1529:mandate
1512:in the
1510:Zeeland
1488:English
1451:Minerva
1392:Burundi
1079:of the
1071:of the
885:Belgium
881:Belgien
689:1951–93
679:1944–50
669:1941–44
658:1940–44
636:1940–45
626:1934–51
616:1922–62
606:1914–18
573:1914–18
563:1909–34
553:1908–60
517:1879–84
485:1831–65
475:1830–31
465:1815–30
428:1789–91
417:1789–90
406:1714–93
375:1549–81
319:1465–68
261:751–987
251:481–751
179:Treveri
162:Ancient
116:Belgium
51:Belgium
5059:Russia
5034:France
4862:Canada
4777:Serbia
4648:Canada
4605:Horses
4557:(1921)
4551:(1920)
4545:(1920)
4539:(1920)
4531:(1920)
4484:(1919)
4478:(1919)
4424:(1918)
4389:(1918)
4383:(1917)
4371:(1916)
4365:(1916)
4330:(1915)
3742:(1913)
3724:(1911)
3706:(1905)
3663:Darfur
3588:Serbia
3571:Russia
3534:Greece
3522:France
3512:Brazil
3358:Persia
3301:Serbia
3113:Sweden
3103:Serbia
3098:Russia
3083:Poland
3073:Norway
3038:Greece
3028:France
2986:Europe
2896:Canada
2891:Brazil
2835:Angola
2828:Africa
2771:, in:
2760:, in:
2749:, in:
2716:, in:
2705:, in:
2683:, in:
2672:, in:
2661:, in:
2650:, in:
2624:(1917)
2615:online
2602:online
2567:online
2557:online
2540:(1915)
2507:
2342:(1991)
2235:
2042:Cook,
1998:p. 79.
1972:(1988)
1918:
1891:
1864:
1449:. The
1427:, and
1388:Rwanda
1357:, and
1349:, 1916
1247:, the
1238:France
1024:, and
241:
237:Franks
183:~51 BC
177:&
171:Belgae
107:on the
5256:Other
5049:Japan
5044:Italy
4871:camps
4715:Rugby
4265:]
3544:Japan
3539:Italy
3517:China
3411:North
3132:Wales
3108:Spain
3053:Italy
2977:Yemen
2952:Japan
2937:India
2927:China
2845:Egypt
1611:Notes
1604:Ypres
1322:Ghent
1216:King
1184:Liège
1062:with
989:Bryce
893:Ypres
817:Liège
786:When
709:2013~
92:Punch
4836:POWs
4155:1918
4057:1917
3983:1916
3884:1915
3788:1914
3593:Siam
3396:East
2967:Siam
2947:Iraq
2942:Iran
2915:Asia
2505:ISBN
2289:2012
2233:ISBN
2033:p 24
1916:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1802:2013
1741:2022
1677:2013
1632:2012
1587:and
1390:and
1308:and
1257:Yser
1222:Yser
1202:and
1142:Orne
1075:and
819:was
733:LGBT
647:1940
595:1914
584:1914
496:1839
62:and
2781:at
2420:;
2405:;
2264:doi
2112:doi
1591:in
1236:in
1140:in
53:in
5318::
4263:It
3134:,
2609:.
2435:;
2256:.
2191:^
2108:56
2106:.
2102:.
1732:.
1640:^
1599:.
1431:.
1423:,
1398:.
1304:,
1240:.
1144:,
1020:,
852:.
173:,
4687:/
3192:e
3185:t
3178:v
3138:)
3130:(
2811:e
2804:t
2797:v
2775:.
2764:.
2753:.
2742:.
2731:.
2720:.
2709:.
2698:.
2687:.
2676:.
2665:.
2654:.
2524:.
2424:.
2409:.
2291:.
2270:.
2266::
2241:.
2120:.
2114::
1924:.
1897:.
1870:.
1804:.
1743:.
1679:.
1634:.
883:(
769:e
762:t
755:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
