Believer's baptism - Knowledge (XXG)

981:, baptism is seen as a passive act of faith rather than a meritorious work; it "is a confession that a person has nothing to offer God". While the Churches of Christ do not describe baptism as a "sacrament", their view of it can be described as "sacramental". They see the power of baptism coming from God, who chose to use baptism as a vehicle, rather than from the water or the act itself, and understand baptism to be an integral part of the conversion process, rather than just a symbol of conversion. A recent trend is to emphasize the transformational aspect of baptism. Instead of describing it as just a legal requirement or sign of something that happened in the past, it is seen as "the event that places the believer 'into Christ' where God does the ongoing work of transformation". Because of the belief that baptism is a necessary part of salvation, some Baptists hold that the Churches of Christ endorse the doctrine of 1329:

children, pastors should make sure that their prayers include clear gratitude to God for the fact that he is already at work in the life of that child, who already "belongs" in the Christian community. Here's what must be stressed: whether at the time of baptism (in the adult baptism tradition) or at the time of confirmation when the vows made earlier by the parents are personally "owned" (in the infant baptism tradition), it is faith in Jesus (dependent trust, not mere cognitive affirmation) that is crucial. Paul goes so far as to say that without faith and obedience, the old rite of circumcision has no value (Romans 2:25). The same is true of baptism. With either rite, clear evangelistic follow-through is crucial.

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that in them the form of baptism for the remission of sins, is to be understood as false and not true, let him be anathema. For no otherwise can be understood what the Apostle says, "By one man sin is come into the world, and death through sin, and so death passed upon all men in that all have sinned," than the Catholic Church everywhere diffused has always understood it. For on account of this rule of faith even infants, who could have committed as yet no sin themselves, therefore are truly baptized for the remission of sins, in order that what in them is the result of generation may be cleansed by regeneration.

708: 33: 1866:'This one I commit to you in all earnestness in the presence of the Church and with Christ as witness.' And when the bishop had accepted the charge and had promised all, he repeated the same injunction with an appeal to the same witnesses, and then departed for Ephesus. 8. But the presbyter taking home the youth committed to him, reared, kept, cherished, and finally baptized him. After this he relaxed his stricter care and watchfulness, with the idea that in putting upon him the seal of the Lord he had given him a perfect protection. 646: 843:, both of which are Anabaptist denominations, teach that the ordinance "be trine immersion, that is, dipping three times forward in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit." The three plunges in the forward position, for each person of the Holy Trinity, also represent the "three days of Christ's burial." Immersion baptism is done falling forward by the Schwarzenau Brethren because "the Bible says Jesus bowed his head (letting it fall forward) and died. Baptism represents a dying of the old, sinful self." 1560:"The delay of baptism is preferable; principally, however, in the case of little children. For why is it necessary . . . that the sponsors likewise should be thrust into danger? . . . For no less cause must the unwedded also be deferred—in whom the ground of temptation is prepared, alike in such as never were wedded by means of their maturity, and in the widowed by means of their freedom—until they either marry, or else be more fully strengthened for continence" ( 1028: 280:(c. 198–203), in his treatise on baptism, advises the postponement of baptism in the case of little children, arguing that it is better to wait until one is ready to live what he professes in baptism rather than to repudiate the profession by wickedness. He however also advises to postpone the baptism of the unmarried, and mentions that the baptism of infants existed during his time, having sponsors speaking on their behalf. 1014: 852: 248:, the argument being that if Polycarp was a servant of Christ for 86 years, he would have been a servant of Christ from infancy, suggesting infant baptism. However, against the argument, Schoedel William argued that the quote is ambiguous as regards to baptism, and that Polycarp meant by paraphrasing: "I have always served Jesus and I am not going to cease even at the age of 86." 496: 257: 1587:

may be disappointed by the development of an evil disposition, in those for whom they stood? The Lord does indeed say, Forbid them not to come unto me. Let them come, then, while they are growing up; let them come while they are learning, while they are learning whither to come; let them become Christians when they have become able to know Christ.

985:. However, members of the Churches of Christ reject this, arguing that since faith and repentance are necessary, and that the cleansing of sins is by the blood of Christ through the grace of God, baptism is not an inherently redeeming ritual. One author from the Churches of Christ describes the relationship between faith and baptism: " 205:, invited to make disciples in all nations and to baptize them in the name of the Father, of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. According to some theologians, it is natural to follow the order thus suggested, either to baptize someone who has become a disciple before, which is not possible with a baby or a child. They contend that in the 917:. They have no need of baptism until age eight, when they can begin to learn to discern right from wrong, and are thus accountable to God for their own actions. People completely incapable of understanding right from wrong, regardless of age, are also considered as not accountable for their actions, and are not baptized. 2322: 1100:

The Conservative Mennonite Conference practices believer's baptism, seen as an external symbol of internal spiritual purity and performed by immersion or pouring of water on the head; Communion; washing the feet of the saints, following Jesus's example and reminding believers of the need to be washed

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for those who have a preference for believer's baptism only after their child has made a personal acceptance of Jesus as his/her saviour. Both infant baptism and believer's baptism may be received via pouring, sprinkling, or immersion—with the candidate or the candidate's parents or sponsors choosing

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In the early church, instances of baptisms following conversion to Christianity are recorded. Advocates of believers' baptism argue that this implies infants would not be baptized since they could not profess faith for themselves. Beginning with Augustine, the church solidified the practice of infant

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with God. (2) God, in believer's baptism, "grants a baptized believer the water of baptism as a sign of His covenant with them—that such a one indicates and publicly confesses that he wants to live in true obedience towards God and fellow believers with a blameless life". (3) Integral to believer's

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7. When he had come to one of the cities not far away (the name of which is given by some ), and had consoled the brethren in other matters, he finally turned to the bishop that had been appointed, and seeing a youth of powerful physique, of pleasing appearance, and of ardent temperament, he said,

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the delay of baptism is preferable; principally, however, in the case of little children. For why is it necessary — if (baptism itself) is not so necessary — that the sponsors likewise should be thrust into danger? Who both themselves, by reason of mortality, may fail to fulfil their promises, and

126:, among others). Among those denominations that practice immersion, the way that it is practiced depends on the Church; the Schwarzenau Brethren and the River Brethren for example teach "trine immersion, that is, dipping three times forward in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit." 2126:

Likewise it seemed good that whosoever denies that infants newly from their mother's wombs should be baptized, or says that baptism is for remission of sins, but that they derive from Adam no original sin, which needs to be removed by the laver of regeneration, from whence the conclusion follows,

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defined baptism as an expression of faith, stating: "baptism is established by faith, and each is carried out by the same names. For as we believe in the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, so also we are baptized in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The confession that brings salvation comes

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of pride, rivalry, and selfish motives; anointing the sick with oil--a symbol of the Holy Spirit and of the healing power of God--offered with the prayer of faith; and laying on of hands for ordination, symbolizing the imparting of responsibility and of God's power to fulfill that responsibility.

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In inscriptions from the end from the second century and later in which the date of baptism and death are mentioned, there is a close correlation between the time of baptism and their time of death. For example, Antonia Cyriaceti died and received baptism on the same day, Felite received baptism

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instead claimed that Justin Martyr is "clear and full evidence" that infant baptism was not practiced during his time. He highlighted Justin's statements that one was "persuaded that the things spoken and taught by us are true", before baptism. Dan Taylor argued against the interpretation of the

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When they baptize babies, pastors should make sure that their prayers include clear requests that God will bring the children to a personal faith that "owns" what the parents are promising at a time when the children (who "belong" from day one) cannot act for themselves. And when they dedicate

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The Oldest Church Manual, Called The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles ...: The Didache and Kindred Documents in the Original, with Translations and Discussions of Post-apostolic Teaching, Baptism, Worship, and Discipline, and with Illustrations and Facsimiles of the Jerusalem

361:. Schreiner argued that Gregory of Naziansus was generally opposed to infant baptism, preferring children who were old enough to understand the "basic outlines of the faith" to be baptized, except when there was a danger of death for the infant. Schreiner also argued that 511:

held the view that baptism was a requirement for the washing away of sins. He was faced with the issue of whether an unconscious or unwilling individual on their deathbed should be baptized; he felt it was better to err on the side of caution and baptize such a person.

969:, the relationship of the church to the state was a contentious issue, and infant baptism was seen as a way to ensure that society remained religiously homogeneous. As a result, groups that rejected infant baptism were seen as subversive and were often persecuted. 326:

March 26 and died April 29. Multiple other inscriptions mention people of varying ages, who died as "neophytes" which implies someone whose baptism was a recent event, such as a Greek inscription that mentioned Achillia, who died in their 5th year as a neophyte.

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has been a matter of discussion among Protestants on what it teaches about baptism. The Didache has been argued to have assumed believer's baptism, as it assumes discipleship before baptism and does not mention infant baptism. Against this,

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once met Balthasar Hubmaier and agreed that infant baptism should be discontinued, however Zwingli would later become a persecutor of those who denied infant baptism. However Hubmaier would allow infant baptism in extreme situations.

537:, thus rejecting the baptism of infants. This, and other doctrinal differences, led both Catholics and Protestants to persecute the Anabaptists, executing them by fire, sword, or drowning. Major Anabaptist theologians included: 698:

In churches practicing believer's baptism, the age of accountability may have been set higher or lower depending on their traditional practices and their understanding of the psychological development of children.

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one is incorporated into Christ and so becomes a child of God" (italics in the source). Baptism is understood as a confessional expression of faith and repentance, rather than a "work" that earns salvation.

903:, rebaptism by immersion is not required for church membership. However, it is available to those who feel that they have received new information that makes a difference or have experienced a reconversion. 2916: 311:

made no clear statements on infant baptism. Proponents of believer's baptism have argued that because Clement of Alexandria connects repentance and baptism, he supported the practice. On the other hand

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denominations, previously functioned as national, state-established churches in various European and Latin American countries. Defenders of infant baptism have attempted to trace the practice to the

272:, who announced the decision of the African synod to require the baptism of infants. The practice is also clearly practiced in the churches of Egypt very early, as seen from the writings of 4207: 3632: 2396:

The Bogomils repudiated infant baptism, and considered the baptismal rite to be of a spiritual character neither by water nor by oil but by self-abnegation, prayers and chanting of hymns.

1463: 1879: 3419: 665:, which is based upon a reading of the New Testament that only believers should be baptized. The believer's full understanding is verified by leaders when a believer makes a 608:

does not describe instances of infant baptism, and that during the New Testament era, the early church required converts to have conscious, deliberate faith in Jesus Christ.

462:

also rejected the baptism of infants. However, they did not believe anyone should be baptized in water at all, and instead believed baptism to be of a spiritual character.

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did not baptize Augustine as a child because of the fear of post-baptismal sins, the situation of Basil and Augustine are however different, there are no indications that

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Across the board, Christian Churches/Churches of Christ immerse new believers and strongly encourage those who transfer from non-immersing churches to undergo immersion.

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implies for the practice of delaying baptism for the practical reason of the fear of post-baptismal sins, as Hermas says those who fall have only one chance of penance.

1163:...both groups practiced believers baptism (the River Brethren did so by immersion in a stream or river) and stressed simplicity in life and nonresistance to violence. 1950: 276:, who claimed it as apostolic tradition. However, according to Schreiner, Origen's need to make an apology for infant baptism implies it was not a universal belief. 906: 244:

stated, "I have served him eighty-six years and in no way has he dealt unjustly with me". Proponents of infant baptism argue that this quote shows Polycarp being

804:, echoing Jesus' words that "they would be baptized with His baptism, witnessing to the world when their blood was spilt". Anabaptist denominations, such as the 337:

did not generally baptize infants, though the stance of the Novatians is disputed and by this point infant baptism had become clear among many orthodox writers.

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The birthdate in 1708 marked the baptism by immersion of the group in the River Eder, thus believer's baptism became one of the primary tenets of The Brethren.

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Infant Baptism Tested by Scripture and History: Or, The Infants Claim to Church Membership Defended and Established, on Testimony Scriptural and Historical

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Walafrid Strabo recognized that the early Church only gradually extended baptism to newborns , that originally the sacrament was focused on adult converts

2800: 3771: 3618: 791:. For Anabaptists, "believer's baptism consists of three parts, the Spirit, the water, and the blood—these three witnesses on earth." According to 4472: 3440:

The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ

305:

indirectly excludes infant baptism, stating that the children of believers were considered part of the Christian community only after conversion.

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in Bohemia are divided into two, or some say three parties, the large, the small, the very small, who hold in all things with the Anabaptists".

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argued that the parallel with circumcision supports believer's baptism, arguing that since circumcision was given to the children of Abraham (

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Infant Baptism and the Covenant of Grace: An Appraisal of the Argument that as Infants Were Once Circumcised, So They Should Now be Baptized

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Infant Baptism and the Covenant of Grace: An Appraisal of the Argument that as Infants Were Once Circumcised, So They Should Now be Baptized

402:

argued that the custom infant baptism has been handed down from Jesus and the apostles to the church. During the Pelagian controversy, both

3906: 2184: 2140: 1794: 1689:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 4005: 2351:

The Paulician heresy: a study of the origin and development of Paulicianism in Armenia and the Eastern Procinces of the Byzantine empire

409:

The practice of infant baptism was additionally affirmed by the council of Carthage, stating that infant baptism cleanses original sin.

2436: 1505: 428:, despite being in support of infant baptism, said that baptism "in the ancient times" was performed on those who had already matured. 145:

for those who have a preference for believer's baptism only after their child has made a personal acceptance of Jesus as their savior.

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at the age of 12 or 13, at which point Jewish children become responsible for their actions and "one to whom the commandments apply".

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era, but generally acknowledge that no unambiguous evidence exists that the practice existed prior to the 2nd century. During the

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movements began adopting baptism by immersion. Some of them may have insisted on credobaptism by affusion a few decades earlier.

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mentioned that an earlier presbyter who took a child and "committed to him, reared, kept, cherished, and finally baptized him".

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Advocates of believer's baptism contend that non-Biblical records are not authoritative, and that no evidence exists from the

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quote used to justify infant baptism, stating that by "discipleship", Justin was not referring to baptism but to teaching.

32: 4467: 4447: 577: 2639: 2007: 723:

In areas where those who practice believer's baptism are the physical or cultural majority, the ritual may function as a

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The Apostolic Fathers, A New Translation and Commentary, Volume V: Polycarp, Martyrdom of Polycarp, Fragments of Papias

4344: 4324: 4092: 3736: 1350: 883: 134: 454:

strongly opposed infant baptism; they only gave baptism to adults after instruction, confession, and repentance. The

2490: 3930: 3691: 3681: 1602: 788: 4403: 4217: 4104: 3830: 3199: 3146: 3096: 3049: 3002: 1371: 662: 290:

affirmed infant baptism, Justin stating that some in his day have been disciples of Jesus since childhood, while

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and Augustine affirmed the validity of infant baptism, but the Pelagians denied that infants have sin in them.

231:

argued that the silence of the Didache about infant baptism "cannot be fairly used as an argument against it".

2438:

Luther and the Radicals: Another Look at Some Aspects of the Struggle Between Luther and the Radical Reformers

148:

Denominations and groups who practice believer's baptism were historically referred to as "Anabaptist" (from

4087: 1938:. Stavely and M'Calla ; New York : Stanford and Swords ; Alexandria : Bell and Entwisle. 1376: 1295: 856: 2111: 473:

who preferred to baptize those of older age, however without proposing re-baptism and the radical Taborite

4398: 4377: 4367: 4250: 982: 365:

implies the baptized should be old enough to understand and ready to obey certain commands. Additionally,

235: 87: 2465:

Mennonites in Dialogue: Official Reports from International and National Ecumenical Encounters, 1975–2012

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The Anabaptists regard their ideas as being based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who, according to the

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Studies on the Baptismal Question: Including a Review of Dr. Dale's "Inquiry Into the Usage of Baptizo."

1323: 914: 879: 712: 658: 308: 130: 447:

mentioned that the Waldensians believed that the "ablution which is given to infants profits nothing".

182:"), though this term is used primarily to categorize the denominations and adherents belonging to the 4462: 4372: 4362: 4230: 4114: 4109: 4032: 3891: 3671: 3486: 3204: 3151: 3101: 3054: 3007: 1041: 836: 821: 780: 736: 470: 466: 414: 354: 302: 111: 4437: 4334: 4303: 4134: 3992: 3846: 3751: 1019: 796: 792: 744: 666: 534: 393: 346: 298: 187: 2776: 1480:

Founding the Fathers: Early Church History and Protestant Professors in Nineteenth-Century America

4245: 3851: 3841: 3801: 3686: 3676: 3641: 978: 574: 538: 399: 362: 265: 123: 886:, practice infant baptism for families who desire it for their children, but provide a rite for 83:. Credobaptists believe that infants incapable of consciously believing should not be baptized. 2272: 2265: 4354: 4202: 4154: 4146: 4015: 4010: 3655: 3584: 3566: 3536: 3520: 3500: 3490: 3462: 3443: 3404: 3382: 3218: 3208: 3190: 3165: 3155: 3137: 3115: 3105: 3087: 3068: 3058: 3040: 3021: 3011: 2993: 2947: 2724: 2619: 2567: 2469: 2442: 2415: 2355: 2328: 2276: 2207: 2146: 2091: 2064: 2013: 1983: 1956: 1912: 1885: 1800: 1773: 1746: 1719: 1663: 1636: 1538: 1511: 1484: 1242: 1211: 1183: 1152: 1121: 1089: 958: 829: 523: 474: 377: 366: 350: 199: 107: 1384: 79:

those who are able to make a conscious profession of faith, as contrasted to the practice of

4442: 4235: 4124: 3961: 3766: 3726: 3476: 3396: 3194: 3141: 3091: 3044: 2997: 2694:"Anabaptist | Definition, Description, Movement, Beliefs, History, & Facts | Britannica" 954: 887: 801: 558: 546: 519: 515: 480: 444: 358: 142: 4255: 4240: 4129: 4097: 4068: 4020: 3513:

The baptism of disciples alone: A covenantal argument for credobaptism versus paedobaptism

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Foster, Douglas A.; Dunnavant, Anthony L.; Blowers, Paul M.; Williams, D. Newell (2004).

396:, who was the mother of Basil, feared post-baptismal sins like Monica did for Augustine. 2380: 209:, references to the baptized relate only to believers who have experienced a new birth. 4408: 4280: 4075: 4061: 4027: 3806: 3716: 3516: 2203:

A Tender Age: Cultural Anxieties Over the Child in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

1881:

Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries

1051: 926: 840: 825: 784: 570: 550: 440: 245: 158: 138: 115: 80: 41: 1688: 1365: 4431: 4293: 4159: 3956: 3946: 3776: 2385: 962: 795:: (1) In believer's baptism, the Holy Spirit witnesses the candidate entering into a 626: 605: 313: 287: 283: 228: 206: 1562: 4164: 3951: 3941: 2375: 2142:

Christianization and Commonwealth in Early Medieval Europe: A Ritual Interpretation

1046: 930: 910: 867: 755:

Believer's baptism is one of several distinctive doctrines associated closely with

554: 542: 533:

movement began demanding that baptismal candidates be able to make a freely chosen

451: 389: 333:

discouraged baptism of infants. Additionally, some have argued that the schismatic

3610: 2009:

Basil of Caesarea (Foundations of Theological Exegesis and Christian Spirituality)

623:' baptism as an adult, and not as an infant, is supportive of believer's baptism. 3551: 2561: 591:

or early Christian literature that infant baptism was practiced by the apostles.

17: 4298: 4174: 4054: 3896: 3881: 3866: 3861: 3746: 3721: 3600: 966: 692: 673: 616: 436: 334: 3278: 3276: 2693: 1850: 1319: 851: 4179: 4039: 3811: 3711: 3666: 2647: 2508:

Gourley, Bruce. "A Very Brief Introduction to Baptist History, Then and Now."

1009: 813: 805: 772: 764: 756: 677: 619:

commanded to believe before baptism took place. Credobaptists also argue that

530: 526:

opposed infant baptism but did not demand rebaptism of once baptized infants.

455: 432: 403: 277: 260:

Tertullian advised the postponement of baptism in the case of little children.

202: 183: 3531:

Nettles, Tom J; Pratt, Richard L Jr; Armstrong, John H; Kolb, Robert (2007),

2394:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 119–120. 2296: 2230: 1579: 1132:

All Amish, Hutterites, and most Mennonites baptized by pouring or sprinkling.

316:

wrote that some statements that he makes can unclearly imply infant baptism.

4313: 4047: 4000: 3911: 3886: 3876: 3781: 3761: 3504: 3222: 3169: 3119: 3072: 3025: 2917:"Early Anabaptist Positions on Believer's Baptism and a Challenge for Today" 1979:

Evangelical Theology, Second Edition: A Biblical and Systematic Introduction

1013: 942: 776: 740: 633:) and that in the New Testament, only believers are called sons of Abraham ( 566: 508: 507:

baptism and there is little mention of competing practices until the 1500s.

459: 330: 149: 103: 95: 76: 27:

Person is baptized on the basis of their profession of faith in Jesus Christ

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A Vindication of Trine Immersion as the Apostolic Form of Christian Baptism

2253:

A Brief Sketch of the History of the Foreign Baptists By G. H. ORCHARD 1842

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Theology Matters: In Honor of Harold Hazelip: Answers for the Church Today

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Hazelip, Harold; Holloway, Gary; Harris, Randall J; Black, Mark C (1998),

3871: 3701: 946: 938: 863: 820:

as the mode to administer believer's baptism, whereas Anabaptists of the

817: 319: 241: 119: 91: 37: 3428:, vol. 43, no. 2, Abilene Christian University, archived from 3420:"Churches of Christ and Baptism: An Historical and Theological Overview" 2944:

Counter-Cultural Communities: Baptistic Life in Twentieth-Century Europe

4260: 4189: 3901: 3796: 3791: 3438:

Foster, Douglas Allen; Dunnavant, Anthony L; Blowers; Williams (2004),

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completely rejects infant baptism. Little children are considered both

716: 681: 657:

Believer's baptism is administered only to persons who have passed the

650: 581: 495: 484: 381: 269: 256: 223: 179: 2867:

Biblical Foundations for Baptist Churches: A Contemporary Ecclesiology

2854:

Opening the Doors of Wonder: Reflections on Religious Rites of Passage

2673:

Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church

1460:"17 Statements that a Paedobaptist and a Credobaptist Can Both Affirm" 1265: 141:

for families who desire it for their children, but provide a rite for

1056: 800:

baptism is the candidate's mission to witness to the world even unto

688: 612: 373: 273: 1412:

Baptist Foundations: Church Government for an Anti-Institutional Age

1399:

Baptist Foundations: Church Government for an Anti-Institutional Age

687:

This understanding of the age of responsibility is analogous to the

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Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites

1118:

Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites

3786: 2801:"Why Not Grandchildren? An Argument Against Reformed Paedobaptism" 850: 809: 768: 706: 644: 620: 588: 99: 70: 64: 48:, 2015, arms crossed over chest, with man and woman at either side 31: 2547:

Infant baptism in historical perspective : collected studies

1742:

Dan Taylor (1738-1816), Baptist Leader and Pioneering Evangelical

1603:"Did the Early Church Practice Infant Baptism or Full Immersion?" 2522:"What are the historical origins of infant baptism? | Bible.org" 672:

In practice, this age generally corresponds to the beginning of

3978: 3928: 3828: 3653: 3614: 2379: 477:, who believed baptism should be withheld until the age of 30. 3581:

Believer's Baptism: The Covenant Sign of the New Age in Christ

3333: 3282: 2408:

Léglu, Catherine; Rist, Rebecca; Taylor, Claire (2013-11-12).

649:

Believer's baptism by immersion at Eastside Christian Church,

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Adult Baptism in the Early Church: Some evidence from Ireland

2549:. Milton Keynes, UK ; Waynesboro, Ga: Paternoster Press. 173: 167: 161: 2883:

Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition

2822: 2820: 1084:

Kurian, George Thomas; Day, Sarah Claudine (14 March 2017).

443:. The Waldensians also practiced baptism by full immersion. 431:

During the medieval age, infant baptism was opposed by the

3344: 3342: 3252: 2267:

The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition

2112:"Canons of the Council of Carthage (418) on sin and grace" 735:

Evangelical denominations adhering to the doctrine of the

565:

Historians trace the earliest "Baptist" church to 1609 in

3321: 469:, a few also practiced believer's baptism. This includes 370:

first and there follows baptism which seals our assent."

3263: 3261: 1149:

Through Fire and Water: An Overview of Mennonite History

847:

Baptist, Pentecostal, and Nondenominational Christianity

3401:

The Church of Christ: A Biblical Ecclesiology for Today

2720: