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placed as high as possible above the wing wake with a thinner section than for the wing to separate the high drag rise from the wing from compressibility effects on the tail. Initially, as increases in speed were made in small steps towards possibly unknown control difficulties the horizontal stabilizer was left at its pre-launch angle set on the ground as there was concern that adjusting it at high speed would cause severe control problems. Nevertheless, in
October 1947, when test pilot Yeager ran out of elevator authority (no pitch control) at Mach 0.94 it took the test team by surprise until they realized that extra control was available by moving the horizontal stabilizer. The tailplane trim setting had to be accurately set on the ground to ensure a controlled drop at the beginning of a flight.
681:(serial number 48-1384) was intended to investigate aerodynamic phenomena at speeds greater than Mach 2 (681 m/s, 2,451 km/h) and altitudes greater than 90,000 ft (27 km), specifically emphasizing dynamic stability and air loads. Longer and heavier than the original X-1, with a stepped canopy for better vision, the X-1A was powered by the same Reaction Motors XLR-11 rocket engine. The aircraft first flew, unpowered, on 14 February 1953 at Edwards AFB, with the first powered flight on 21 February. Both flights were piloted by Bell test pilot
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465:, Bell's chief test pilot and program supervisor, made a test flight on 22 May 1947, after complaints about the slow progress of flight tests. According to Johnston, "The contract with the Air Corps defined the tests by Bell as onboard systems verification, handling characteristics evaluation, stability and control, and performance testing to Mach 0.99." After Johnston's initial flight at 0.72 Mach, he thought the airplane was ready for supersonic flights, after the longitudinal trim system was fixed, and three more test flights.
825:, on what was to become the only successful flight of its career. The unpowered glide was completed after a nine-minute descent, but upon landing, the nose landing gear failed and the aircraft slid ungracefully to a stop. Repairs took several weeks to complete and a second flight was scheduled for mid-August. On 22 August 1951, the X-1D was lost in a fuel explosion during preparations for the first powered flight. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact after it was jettisoned from its EB-50A mothership.
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704:, named "Operation NACA Weep". These culminated on 12 December 1953, when Yeager achieved an altitude of 74,700 feet (22,800 m) and a new airspeed record of Mach 2.44 (equal to 1620 mph, 724.5 m/s, 2608 km/h at that altitude). Unlike Crossfield in the Skyrocket, Yeager achieved that in level flight. Soon afterwards, the aircraft spun out of control, due to the then not yet understood phenomenon of
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454:, which had been flooded during the Florida tests, before the first powered test on 9 December 1946. Two chambers were ignited, but the aircraft accelerated so quickly that one chamber was turned off until reignition at 35,000 feet (11,000 m), reaching Mach 0.795. After the chambers were turned off the aircraft descended to 15,000 feet (4,600 m), where all four chambers were briefly tested.
240:) in level flight, and able to climb to an altitude of 36,000 ft (11 km) in 1 min and 30 sec. The fuselage was shaped like a bullet, it had thin wings and a slab tailplane for controlled flight at the speed of sound and beyond. Miles' chief aerodynamicist, Dennis Bancroft, was interviewed many years later in 1997 on his reason for needing an all-moving tailplane in his 1944 design.
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during
January 1955. NACA continued to fly the aircraft until January 1958, when cracks in the fuel tanks forced its grounding. The X-1B completed a total of 27 flights. A notable achievement was the installation of a system of small reaction rockets used for directional control, making the X-1B the first aircraft to fly with this sophisticated control system, later used in the
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instrumentation for thermal research (more than 300 thermal probes were installed on its surface). It was similar to the X-1A except for having a slightly different wing. The X-1B was used for high-speed research by the U.S. Air Force starting from
October 1954, prior to being transferred to the NACA
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In 1944 Miles was told to go ahead with the construction of three prototypes. In
February 1946, with a first flight expected in the summer of 1946, the M52 was cancelled. In place of the manned full-scale M.52 it was decided to test 3/10 scale models of the aircraft, rocket propelled, dropped from an
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The Army Air Force was unhappy with the cautious pace of flight envelope expansion and Bell
Aircraft's flight test contract for airplane #46-062 was terminated. The test program was acquired by the Army Air Force Flight Test Division on 24 June after months of negotiation. Goodlin had demanded a US$
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showed an unacceptable lost motion between the pilot's input to the horizontal stabilizer and the stabilizer actuator which was corrected before the XS-1 was handed over for the high speed research program. The whole tailplane could be moved or just the elevator at fixed stabilizer settings. It was
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was the result of a reconstruction of the X-1-2 (serial 46-063), in order to pursue the goals originally set for the X-1D and X-1-3 (serial 46-064), both lost by explosions during 1951. The cause of the mysterious explosions was finally traced to the use of Ulmer leather gaskets impregnated with
442:, on 19 January 1946. Woolams completed nine more glide-flights over Pinecastle, with the B-29 dropping the aircraft at 29,000 feet (8,800 m) and the XS-1 landing 12 minutes later at about 110 miles per hour (180 km/h). In March 1946 the #1 rocket plane was returned to Bell Aircraft in
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For the design of the XS-1 the many unknowns relating to transonic and supersonic flight meant seeking every available source of information from governmental agencies, powerplant manufacturers and research institutions. Foreign information became available in early 1946, shortly after the first
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In
September 1946 a DH 108 tail-less jet aircraft was practicing for an attempt on the world speed record when it experienced violent pitching oscillations at Mach 0.875 and broke up. The Bell XS-1 would have a conventional horizontal tail which provides pitch damping not present in a tail-less
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featured the story as headline news in their 22 December issue. The magazine story was released on 20 December. The Air Force threatened legal action against the journalists who revealed the story, but none ever occurred. The news of a straight-wing supersonic aircraft surprised many
American
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DENNIS BANCROFT: We thought the ordinary controls wouldn't work above the speed of sound. So, we had to make an all-moving tail plane, because an ordinary elevator would literally not function at all. We would go up to the speed of sound, lose all air control, and the aircraft would
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Bell X-1-3, aircraft #46-064, being mated to the B-50 mothership for a captive flight test on 9 November 1951. While being de-fueled after this flight it exploded, destroying itself and the B-50, and seriously burning Joe Cannon. X-1-3 had completed only a single glide-flight on 20
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after considering the turbojet alternative. Turbojets could not achieve the required performance at high altitude. An aircraft with both turbojet and rocket engines would be too large and complex. The X-1 was, in principle, a "bullet with wings", its shape closely resembling a
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The Bell XS-1 would have a conventional horizontal tail-plane but with trimming available on the stabilizer. It would be required for pitch control when a shockwave was preventing a deflected elevator from altering the pressure distribution and pitching force on the tailplane.
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relates an inadvertent one-degree error flipping the X-1 on its back after being dropped from the mother plane. The tailplane configuration was carried over to the X-1A series. All subsequent supersonic aircraft would either have an all-moving tailplane or be "tailless"
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took his place during
September 1958, completing five flights in pursuit of Mach 3 (1,021 m/s, 3,675 km/h) before the X-1E was permanently grounded after its 26th flight, during November 1958, due to the discovery of structural cracks in the fuel tank wall.
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The XS-1 was first discussed in
December 1944. Early specifications for the aircraft were for a piloted supersonic vehicle that could fly at 800 miles per hour (1,300 km/h) at 35,000 feet (11,000 m) for two to five minutes. On 16 March 1945, the
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A turbopump fuel feed system, which eliminated the high-pressure nitrogen fuel system used in '062 and '063. Concerns about metal fatigue in the nitrogen fuel system resulted in the grounding of the X-1-2 after its 54th flight in its original
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Later variants of the X-1 were built to test different aspects of supersonic flight; one of these, the X-1A, with Yeager at the controls, inadvertently demonstrated a very dangerous characteristic of fast (Mach 2 plus) supersonic flight:
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STACY KEACH (NARRATOR): One year after the X-1's historic flight, Britain broke the sound barrier with a one-third scale model of the M-52. Although unmanned and radio-controlled, it did finally vindicate the worthiness of its supersonic
790:(serial 48-1387) was intended to test armaments and munitions in the high transonic and supersonic flight regimes. It was canceled while still in the mockup stage, as the development of transonic and supersonic-capable aircraft like the
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150,000 bonus (equivalent to $ 2.05 million in 2023) for exceeding the speed of sound. Flight tests of the X-1-2 (serial 46-063) would be conducted by NACA to provide design data for later production high-performance aircraft.
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from the bomb bay of a B-29 and reached Mach 1.06 (700 miles per hour (1,100 km/h; 610 kn)). Following burnout of the engine, the plane glided to a landing on the dry lake bed. This was XS-1 flight number 50.
336:
at NACA recommended that Bell mount the elevator on an adjustable horizontal stabilizer. Bell incorporated the stabilizer with rapid adjustment in pitch to accommodate large changes of trim. A contractor test flight by
818:(s/n #46-006), it was to be used for heat transfer research. The X-1D was equipped with a new low-pressure fuel system and a slightly increased fuel capacity. There were also some minor changes of the avionics suite.
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397:. Its four chambers could be individually turned on and off, so thrust could be changed in 1,500 lbf (6,700 N) increments. The fuel and oxygen tanks for the first two X-1 engines were pressurized with
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708:. The X-1A dropped from maximum altitude to 25,000 feet (7,600 m), exposing the pilot to accelerations of as much as 8g, during which Yeager broke the canopy with his helmet before regaining control.
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successfully extricated himself from the plane, which was then jettisoned. Exploding on impact with the desert floor, the X-1A became the first of many early X-planes that would be lost to explosions.
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bullet, known to be stable in supersonic flight. The shape was followed to the extent of seating its pilot behind a sloped, framed window inside a confined cockpit in the nose, with no ejection seat.
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305:(NACA) contracted with the Bell Aircraft Company to build three XS-1 (for "Experimental, Supersonic", later X-1) aircraft to obtain flight data on conditions in the transonic speed range.
175:. Conceived during 1944 and designed and built in 1945, it achieved a speed of nearly 1,000 miles per hour (1,600 km/h; 870 kn) in 1948. A derivative of this same design, the
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episode "Arthur's Big Hit". In that episode, D.W. tries to let it fly out the window, but it ends up falling to the ground and breaking. This resulted in a classic moment in which
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glide test of the XS-1 in Jan 1946, when the
British Ministry of Supply cancelled the Miles M.52 and ordered all research reports and other information be sent to Bell Aircraft.
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were not used because too little was known about them. As the design might lead to a fighter, the XS-1 was intended to take off from the ground, but the end of the war made the
179:, having greater fuel capacity and hence longer rocket burning time, exceeded 1,600 miles per hour (2,600 km/h; 1,400 kn) in 1954. The X-1 aircraft #46-062, nicknamed
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In 1997, the United States Postal Service issued a fiftieth anniversary commemorative stamp recognizing the Bell X1-6062 aircraft as the first aeronautical vehicle to fly at
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On 5 January 1949, Yeager used Aircraft #46-062 to perform the only conventional (runway) launch of the X-1 program, attaining 23,000 ft (7,000 m) in 90 seconds.
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plumbing. TCP becomes unstable and explosive in the presence of pure oxygen and mechanical shock. This mistake cost two lives, caused injuries and lost several aircraft.
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The aircraft was transferred to NACA during September 1954, and subsequently modified. The X-1A was lost on 8 August 1955, when, while being prepared for launch from the
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The addition of 200 pressure ports for aerodynamic data, and 343 strain gauges to measure structural loads and aerodynamic heating along the wing and fuselage.
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A 'knife-edge' windscreen replaced the original greenhouse glazing, an upward-opening canopy replaced the fuselage side hatch and allowed the inclusion of an
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925:. Walker left the X-1E program during 1958, after 21 flights, attaining a maximum speed of Mach 2.21 (752 m/s, 2,704 km/h). NACA research pilot
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experts, who like their German counterparts during the war believed that a swept-wing design was necessary to break the sound barrier. On 10 June 1948,
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achieving Mach 2.005 on 20 November 1953, the Air Force started a series of tests with the X-1A, which the test pilot of the series,
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Bell Aircraft aerodynamicists working with NACA laboratories predicted significant longitudinal trim changes during transonic flight.
971:. The aircraft was flown to Washington, D.C., beneath a B-29 and presented to what was then the American National Air Museum in 1950.
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Hallion, Richard P. (2012). "Chapter 10: The NACA, NASA, and the Supersonic-Hypersonic Frontier". In Dick, Steven J. (ed.).
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was assigned as the primary Bell Aircraft test pilot for the X-1. Goodlin made the first powered flight on 9 December 1946.
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mothership, an explosion ruptured the plane's liquid oxygen tank. With the help of crewmembers on the RB-50, test pilot
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to develop the world's first aircraft capable of breaking the sound barrier. The project resulted in the design of the
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aircraft, and controlled by an autopilot. On the 10th of October 1948 a model achieved Mach 1.38 in level flight.
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Powers, Sheryll Goeccke. "Women in Flight Research at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center from 1946 to 1995,"
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clenches his fist and punches D.W.; the classic moment of Arthur clenching his fist has since become a meme.
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2234:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum (in association with Abrams, New York), 2006.
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Project cancelled : A searching criticism of the abandonment of Britain's advanced aircraft projects
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On 24 July 1951, with Bell test pilot Jean "Skip" Ziegler at the controls, the X-1D was launched over
368:., one of the first companies to build liquid-propellant rocket engines in the U.S. After considering
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814:(serial 48-1386) was the first of the second generation of supersonic rocket planes. Flown from an
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minutes and increasing landing weight by 2,000 pounds (910 kg), but the rest used gas-driven
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for modifications to prepare for the powered flight tests. Four more glide tests occurred at
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announced that the sound barrier had been repeatedly broken by two experimental airplanes.
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X-1B, AF Ser. No. 48-1385, is on display in the Research & Development Hangar at the
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NASA 50th Anniversary Proceedings : NASA's First 50 Years, Historical Perspectives
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The X-1E first flew on 15 December 1955, a glide-flight controlled by USAF test pilot
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monopropellant as fuels, the rocket burned ethyl alcohol diluted with water with a
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https://www.amazon.com/Meeting-Challenge-Supersonic-Flight-James/dp/B0006QV0BQ
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The Quest for Mach One: A First-Person Account of Breaking the Sound Barrier
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4-chamber liquid-fuelled rocket engine, 6,000 lbf (27 kN) thrust
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2208:, November 1977 β February 1978. Bromley, Kent, UK: Pilot Press Ltd., 1977.
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High Speed Test Flying,Yeager,The Aeronautical Journal,December 1956,p.788
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This article is about the experimental aircraft. For the Irish band, see
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Yeager, Chuck, Bob Cardenas, Bob Hoover, Jack Russell and James Young.
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1495:: "Breaking the Sound Barrier" Channel 4, 7 July 1997. Re-packaged as
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1969:"Photo number E-24911: X-1A in flight with flight data superimposed."
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https://archive.org/details/alwaysanotherdaw0000cros/page/n7/mode/2up
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became the first person to fly the XS-1. He made a glide-flight over
1954:"USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers β 1908 to Present."
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of approximately Mach 1.06 (1,299 km/h; 806.9 mph).
2170:(1st ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 83β90.
1835:"Flights 'much faster than sound' confirmed by the U.S. Air Force"
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piloted the X-1A to a new record of 90,440 feet (27,570 m).
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Concept Aircraft: Prototypes, X-Planes and Experimental Aircraft
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for Bell Aircraft, Captain Yeager for piloting the flights, and
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1943:, February/March 1995, ISSN 0886-2257. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
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eliminated the need for a dedicated experimental test vehicle.
638:. Only Yeager's skills as an aviator prevented disaster; later
203:(and non-rocket planes) designed for testing new technologies.
2014:
Made by the Ulmer Company. James R. Hansen, "First Man" p. 134
996:, California. It is usually seen in episodes of the TV series
959:, is currently displayed in the Boeing Aviation Hangar of the
1466:. US National Aeronautics and Space Admin. pp. 223β274.
2138:"Bell X-1 Glamorous Glennis | National Air and Space Museum"
2354:
Modeller's Guide to Bell X-1 Experimental Aircraft Part one
2249:(The Aviation Factfile). Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2005.
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X-1B at the National Museum of the United States Air Force
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Chuck Yeager and the Bell X-1: Breaking the Sound Barrier
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The Bell X-1 is also the subject of a toy version in the
1600:
Plane speaking : A personal viewof aviation history
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X-1E, AF Ser. No. 46-063, is on display in front of the
551:
The three main participants in the X-1 program won the
2047:"Edwards Air Force Base History: Bell X-1 Explosions."
1883:"Major Chuck Yeager's Flight to Mach 2.44 In the X-1A"
1637:"Aeronautical Engineering Review 1947-08: Vol 6 Iss 8"
364:
The rocket engine was a four-chamber design built by
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Hallion, Dr. Richard P. "Saga of the Rocket Ships".
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Number 6, 1997, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D. C.
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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Bell Aircraft since 1935, The X-Planes: X-1 to X-45
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59:
39:
2226:Pisano, Dominick A., R. Robert van der Linden and
1734:. New York: Bantam. pp. 81β86, 104, 115β126.
858:(TCP), a leather treatment, which was used in the
1639:. American Institute of Aeronautics. August 1947.
1503:, PBS, 14 October 1997. Retrieved: 26 April 2009.
907:wing profile, enabling the X-1E to exceed Mach 2.
1253:1,612 mph (2,594 km/h, 1,401 kn)
1753:
1751:
1264:1,450 mph (1,260 kn; 2,330 km/h)
967:, where it was moved during renovations to the
2338:American X-Vehicles β An InventoryβX-1 to X-50
2318:National Museum of the United States Air Force
2264:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979.
976:National Museum of the United States Air Force
764:National Museum of the United States Air Force
677:Ordered by the Air Force on 2 April 1948, the
4118:
2387:
2363:X-1 is Carried Aloft; Cockpit of the Bell X-1
1959:20 January 2008. Retrieved: 12 December 2010.
1859:. Associated Press. June 11, 1948. p. 4.
496:flight occurred on 14 October 1947, over the
8:
2349:General Chuck Yeager | The Official Website
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
303:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
161:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
114:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
4190:
4125:
4111:
4103:
2394:
2380:
2372:
2060:
2058:
558:in 1948 for their efforts. Honored at the
484:in front of the X-1 that he nicknamed the
36:
4685:1940s United States experimental aircraft
2052:, 3 July 1998. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
1915:, 4 August 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
1896:, Edwards AFB. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
1002:, which was set at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
515:piloted USAF aircraft #46-062, nicknamed
195:in level flight and was the first of the
4700:1946 establishments in the United States
2344:Bell X-1 β National Air and Space Museum
1957:USAAS/USAAC/USAAF/USAF Aircraft Serials,
692:started its high-speed testing with the
508:had been created as a separate service.
1853:"Two U.S. planes fly faster than sound"
1446:
1905:Martin, Douglas |title=Arthur Murray.
1452:
1450:
955:X-1-1, Air Force Serial Number 46-062
361:available to carry it into the air.
171:supersonic research project built by
7:
1050:30 ft 11 in (9.42 m)
199:, a series of American experimental
27:Experimental rocket-powered aircraft
1841:. June 10, 1948. p. 1, part 1.
1351:Aircraft in fiction Β§ Bell X-1
1311:4 minutes 45 seconds powered flight
1305:4 minutes 40 seconds powered flight
1098:10 ft 10 in (3.30 m)
1088:22 ft 10 in (6.96 m)
1077:28 ft 0 in (8.53 m)
1061:35 ft 8 in (10.87 m)
1007:Specifications (Bell X-1 #1 and #2)
753:(serial 48-1385) was equipped with
574:for the contributions of the NACA.
2279:. New York: Penguin Studio, 1997.
1651:"Tex Johnston: Jet-Age Test Pilot"
25:
1114:115 sq ft (10.7 m)
1104:130 sq ft (12 m) β
1822:Monographs in Aerospace History,
1732:Tex Johnston, Jet-Age Test Pilot
990:Armstrong Flight Research Center
796:North American F-100 Super Sabre
642:would lose his life testing the
553:National Aeronautics Association
401:, reducing flight time by about
224:began a top secret project with
45:
2215:. Hinckley, UK: Midland, 2001.
2148:from the original on 2023-06-09
2109:. 21 March 2016. Archived from
1321:70,000 ft (21,000 m)
1191:12,250 lb (5,557 kg)
980:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
885:A re-profiled super-thin wing (
768:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
519:for his wife. The airplane was
155:, designated originally as the
2194:"Breaking the Sound Barrier".
2127:, 28 September 1950, page 350.
1338:75,000 ft (23,000 m)
1332:90,000 ft (27,000 m)
1208:14,750 lb (6,690 kg)
1202:16,487 lb (7,478 kg)
1164:7,000 lb (3,175 kg)
547:on 14 October 1947 in the X-1.
504:, less than a month after the
153:rocket engineβpowered aircraft
1:
2290:Yeager, Chuck and Leo Janos.
2245:Winchester, Jim. "Bell X-1".
2070:. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
1981:. Retrieved: 14 October 2009.
1789:. Retrieved: 14 October 2009.
1775:Anderson, Clarence E. "Bud".
1730:Johnston, A.M. "Tex" (1992).
1720:. Retrieved: 14 October 2009.
1706:Anderson, Clarence E. "Bud".
1401:List of experimental aircraft
1234:Reaction Motors RMI LR-8-RM-5
1181:6,850 lb (3,110 kg)
1175:6,880 lb (3,120 kg)
1015:Bell X-1 orthographic diagram
969:National Air and Space Museum
646:under similar circumstances.
301:Flight Test Division and the
4705:Aircraft first flown in 1946
2407:Bell Helicopter/Bell Textron
2166:Pelletier, Alain J. (1992).
2036:. Retrieved: 5 January 2016.
1535:"The 'Brickwall' in the Sky"
1533:Ley, Willy (November 1948).
1345:Notable appearances in media
899:inches or 86 mm at the
2332:Chalmers H. (Slick) Goodlin
2050:Goleta Air and Space Museum
2029:September 20, 2008, at the
1996:. Retrieved: 12 March 2008.
1907:"Test Pilot, Is Dead at 92"
1560:Yeager et al., 1997, p. 14.
1236:6,000 lbf (27 kN)
1067:35.0 ft (10.67 m)
961:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
4731:
4647:Assigned to multiple types
3761:Non-production helicopters
2294:. New York: Bantam, 1986.
1539:Astounding Science Fiction
1348:
1220:Reaction Motors XLR11-RM-3
29:
4640:
4141:) designations since 1941
4093:
2213:The X-Planes: X-1 to X-45
2068:NASA (Dryden Collections)
2034:NASA (Dryden Collections)
1974:December 7, 2006, at the
1802:. Encyclopedia Britannica
1023:X-1E orthographic diagram
992:headquarters building at
792:North American F-86 Sabre
762:. The X-1B is now at the
176:
44:
2323:X-1 fiftieth anniversary
2292:Yeager: An Autobiography
2168:Bell Aircraft since 1935
2123:Staff, "Resting Place",
1708:"Initial Glide Flights."
1576:. Macdonald and Jane's.
1330:X-1A, X-1B, X-1C, X-1D:
1303:X-1A, X-1B, X-1C, X-1D:
1294:5 minutes powered flight
1200:X-1A, X-1B, X-1C, X-1D:
1173:X-1A, X-1B, X-1C, X-1D:
459:Chalmers "Slick" Goodlin
436:Pinecastle Army Airfield
187:, was the first piloted
4675:Rocket-powered aircraft
4147:Supersonic/special test
2024:"Photo X-1A (E-24911)."
1889:March 12, 2008, at the
1872:Miller 2001, pp. 21β35.
1857:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1713:March 25, 2007, at the
1406:List of rocket aircraft
1035:General characteristics
873:, with pilot Joe Walker
110:United States Air Force
51:X-1 #46-062, nicknamed
4670:Edwards Air Force Base
3599:Commercial helicopters
1994:NASA Dryden Fact Sheet
1782:April 2, 2007, at the
1766:Wolfe 1979, pp. 52β53.
1597:Gunston, Bill (1991).
1024:
1016:
994:Edwards Air Force Base
951:
877:The changes included:
874:
846:
746:
674:
654:
548:
513:Charles "Chuck" Yeager
489:
293:
207:Design and development
4135:experimental aircraft
4133:USAF / Joint Service
3787:Experimental aircraft
2083:. NASA. 7 August 2017
1757:Yeager and Janos 1986
1362:Air Force Test Center
1022:
1014:
941:
869:The X-1E, christened
868:
843:
744:
711:On 28 May 1954, Maj.
672:
652:
542:
480:
291:
4095:Unknown/not assigned
1894:AFFTC History Office
1653:. Smithsonian. 2014.
1603:. Patrick Stephens.
1570:Wood, Derek (1975).
1501:"Faster Than Sound."
1431:List of X-1E flights
1426:List of X-1D flights
1421:List of X-1B flights
1416:List of X-1A flights
1141:#2, X-1A, X-1B, X-1D
948:international orange
452:Palmdale, California
448:Muroc Army Air Field
427:Bell Aircraft chief
315:Browning .50-caliber
299:U.S. Army Air Forces
292:XLR-11 rocket engine
222:Ministry of Aviation
212:Parallel development
165:U.S. Army Air Forces
4710:Supersonic aircraft
4690:American inventions
3539:utility helicopters
2065:"Fact sheet: X-1E."
2005:Miller 2001, p. 25.
1924:Miller 2001, p. 21.
1551:Miller 2001, p. 15.
1411:List of X-1 flights
1372:North American X-15
1059:X-1A, X-1B, X-1D:
934:Aircraft on display
856:tricresyl phosphate
760:North American X-15
755:aerodynamic heating
683:Jean "Skip" Ziegler
592:Air Force Secretary
423:Operational history
366:Reaction Motors Inc
60:General information
4187:"X" (1948βpresent)
3486:Attack helicopters
2206:AirEnthusiast Five
2142:airandspace.si.edu
1912:The New York Times
1777:"A Turning Point."
1489:Bancroft, Dennis.
1025:
1017:
999:I Dream of Jeannie
952:
875:
847:
747:
675:
655:
549:
490:
359:B-29 Superfortress
294:
159:, and was a joint
4715:Mid-wing aircraft
4657:
4656:
4585:
4584:
4100:
4099:
4050:Super Transporter
2255:978-1-59223-480-6
1991:"Fact Sheet X-1."
1933:Thompson, Lance.
1839:Milwaukee Journal
1787:cebudanderson.com
1718:cebudanderson.com
1610:978-1-85260-166-9
1583:978-0-356-08109-0
1541:. pp. 78β99.
1473:978-0-16-084965-7
1377:XS-1 (spacecraft)
957:Glamorous Glennis
944:Glamorous Glennis
696:, culminating in
694:Douglas Skyrocket
586:Los Angeles Times
540:
517:Glamorous Glennis
492:The first manned
486:Glamorous Glennis
444:Buffalo, New York
370:hydrogen peroxide
181:Glamorous Glennis
141:
140:
53:Glamorous Glennis
16:(Redirected from
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903:), based on the
898:
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724:Joseph A. Walker
713:Arthur W. Murray
706:inertia coupling
698:Scott Crossfield
636:inertia coupling
610:supersonic speed
595:Stuart Symington
564:President Truman
543:Yeager exceeded
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284:Research studies
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4149:"S" (1946β1947)
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2262:The Right Stuff
2228:Frank H. Winter
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2144:. 13 May 2022.
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1940:Air & Space
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2308:External links
2306:
2304:
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2288:
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2243:
2224:
2209:
2202:
2197:Modern Marvels
2191:
2189:
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2184:
2183:
2177:1-55750-056--8
2176:
2158:
2129:
2116:
2113:on 2019-07-31.
2094:
2072:
2054:
2038:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1983:
1961:
1952:Baugher, Joe.
1945:
1926:
1917:
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1862:
1844:
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1768:
1759:
1747:
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1722:
1699:
1690:
1688:. 2006, p. 52.
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1642:
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1492:Secret History
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1349:Main article:
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1306:
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1285:
1276:
1275:
1272:Maximum speed:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1251:Maximum speed:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1225:
1224:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1194:
1193:
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1146:(8% thickness)
1135:
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1005:
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1003:
983:
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942:X-1-1 #46-062
935:
932:
919:
918:
915:
908:
883:
882:configuration.
830:
827:
808:Bell Model 58D
803:
800:
784:Bell Model 58C
779:
776:
736:Bell Model 58B
731:
728:
664:Bell Model 58A
659:
656:
653:X-1A in flight
630:
627:
605:
602:
556:Collier Trophy
506:U.S. Air Force
474:
471:
424:
421:
373:monopropellant
334:Robert Gilruth
285:
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273:
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255:
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226:Miles Aircraft
218:United Kingdom
213:
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193:speed of sound
191:to exceed the
169:U.S. Air Force
139:
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135:
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118:
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107:
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32:Bell X1 (band)
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4727:
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4708:
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4698:
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4695:Bell aircraft
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4683:
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3470:Target drones
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2413:
2408:
2404:
2403:Bell Aircraft
2397:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
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2300:0-553-25674-2
2297:
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2286:
2285:0-670-87460-4
2282:
2278:
2274:
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2270:0-374-25033-2
2267:
2263:
2259:
2256:
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2241:
2240:0-8109-5535-0
2237:
2233:
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2225:
2222:
2221:1-85780-109-1
2218:
2214:
2211:Miller, Jay.
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:
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1965:
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1867:
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1741:9780553295870
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1697:Miller, p. 23
1694:
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1638:
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1601:
1593:
1590:
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1502:
1498:
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1469:
1462:
1461:
1453:
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1436:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1395:Related lists
1390:
1387:
1386:
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1384:
1378:
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1373:
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1368:
1365:
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1360:
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1310:
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1300:
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1298:
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1278:
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1273:
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1269:
1263:
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1217:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:Gross weight:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1162:Empty weight:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
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1120:
1119:
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1039:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1006:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
988:
984:
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977:
973:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
953:
949:
945:
940:
933:
931:
928:
927:John B. McKay
924:
916:
913:
912:ejection seat
909:
906:
902:
884:
880:
879:
878:
872:
867:
863:
861:
860:liquid oxygen
857:
852:
842:
838:
836:
835:Bell Model 44
828:
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819:
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580:Aviation Week
575:
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569:
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546:
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522:
521:drop launched
518:
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511:
507:
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498:Mojave Desert
495:
487:
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473:Mach 1 flight
472:
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455:
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392:liquid oxygen
389:
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350:
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335:
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308:Bell built a
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247:
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227:
223:
219:
216:In 1942, the
211:
206:
204:
202:
201:rocket planes
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:and flown by
182:
178:
174:
173:Bell Aircraft
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:Bell Model 44
146:
136:
132:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
106:Primary users
104:
100:
96:
93:
92:Bell Aircraft
90:
88:
84:
81:United States
80:
76:
73:
70:
67:
63:
58:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4680:Chuck Yeager
4644:Not assigned
4200:
4185:Experimental
4155:
3980:Jet Ranger X
3950:GlobalRanger
3838:
2720:
2643:
2417:designations
2415:Manufacturer
2366:
2291:
2276:
2261:
2260:Wolfe. Tom.
2246:
2231:
2212:
2205:
2199:(TV program)
2195:
2188:Bibliography
2167:
2161:
2150:. Retrieved
2141:
2132:
2124:
2119:
2111:the original
2106:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2075:
2067:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1893:
1877:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1794:
1786:
1771:
1762:
1731:
1725:
1717:
1702:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1668:
1659:
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1034:
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1027:
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997:
956:
943:
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905:X-3 Stiletto
876:
870:
850:
848:
834:
832:
820:
811:
807:
805:
787:
783:
781:
772:Dayton, Ohio
750:
748:
735:
733:
717:
710:
702:Chuck Yeager
687:
678:
676:
663:
661:
632:
616:
614:
607:
599:
584:
579:
576:
550:
516:
491:
485:
482:Chuck Yeager
467:
463:Tex Johnston
456:
432:Jack Woolams
426:
388:nitromethane
384:bipropellant
363:
353:
349:delta winged
339:Tex Johnston
327:
323:
310:rocket plane
307:
295:
278:
274:
256:
215:
185:Chuck Yeager
180:
156:
148:
144:
142:
134:First flight
121:Number built
87:Manufacturer
72:rocket plane
69:Experimental
52:
4337:26–50
4035:Sioux Scout
1979:NASA Dryden
1367:Mach number
1244:Performance
1216:Powerplant:
1153:NACA 64A004
1144:NACA 65-108
1131:NACA 65-110
560:White House
381:nitric acid
355:Swept wings
319:machine gun
4664:Categories
4650:Unofficial
4442:X-44 (UAV)
4437:X-44 MANTA
4194:1–25
4085:Zulu Cobra
4060:TwinRanger
4045:Super Huey
4040:SuperCobra
4025:Sea Ranger
4000:LongRanger
3945:Fire Scout
3900:Airabonita
3704:Tiltrotors
3497:Bell AH-1
2152:2023-06-09
2103:"Bell X-1"
2087:6 November
1806:8 December
1800:"Bell X-1"
1437:References
1389:Miles M.52
1292:Endurance:
1102:Wing area:
923:Joe Walker
871:Little Joe
583:, and the
572:John Stack
568:Larry Bell
502:California
494:supersonic
429:test pilot
417:turbopumps
330:John Stack
280:aircraft.
234:Miles M.52
4495:51–
4055:Twin Huey
4020:Sea Cobra
3990:KingCobra
3985:Kingcobra
3975:JetRanger
3960:HueyCobra
3940:Eagle Eye
3925:BigLifter
3910:Airacomet
3905:Airacobra
3834:LLRV/LLTV
2314:Bell X-1B
1512:Wood p.31
1274:Mach 2.44
1075:Wingspan:
1028:Data from
232:-powered
177:Bell X-1A
4590:See also
4075:Vigilant
3970:Iroquois
3965:Invictus
3915:Airacuda
2409:aircraft
2358:Part two
2146:Archived
2027:Archived
1972:Archived
1887:Archived
1780:Archived
1711:Archived
1684:Pisano,
1356:See also
794:and the
644:Bell X-2
629:Variants
399:nitrogen
395:oxidizer
230:turbojet
197:X-planes
189:airplane
145:Bell X-1
4139:X-plane
3920:Arapaho
3824:FCX-001
3501:Singles
3388:912β917
3378:681β910
3368:647β679
3358:610β645
3348:600β608
3338:846β598
3328:577β582
3318:549β575
3308:541β547
3298:534β539
3288:526β532
3278:506β524
3268:550β504
3213:431β439
3188:418β426
3123:401β405
3113:361β399
3103:310β359
3093:302β308
3083:250β300
3073:231β248
3063:223β229
2936:131β199
2619:39 (II)
2201:. 2003.
1123:Airfoil
1096:Height:
1048:Length:
982:, Ohio.
894:⁄
640:Mel Apt
510:Captain
440:Florida
410:⁄
377:aniline
351:types.
267:design.
151:) is a
129:History
101:Retired
18:Bell X1
4015:Ranger
4005:Osprey
3869:XF-109
3590:ARH-70
3523:YAH-63
3477:PQM-56
2781:70β100
2614:39 (I)
2340:β NASA
2334:β NASA
2298:
2283:
2268:
2253:
2238:
2219:
2174:
2125:Flight
2107:si.edu
2081:"X-1E"
1738:
1686:et al.
1607:
1580:
1470:
965:Dulles
816:EB-50A
810:) The
786:) The
688:After
623:Arthur
618:Arthur
604:Legacy
545:Mach 1
386:, and
249:crash.
98:Status
4632:XQ-67
4627:XQ-58
4622:M2-F3
4617:M2-F2
4612:M2-F1
4607:HL-10
4602:HiMAT
4469:X-47C
4464:X-47B
4433:X-44
4321:X-24C
4080:Viper
4070:Venom
4065:Valor
4030:Sioux
3995:Kiowa
3935:Creek
3930:Cobra
3893:Names
3884:XV-15
3874:XP-52
3819:D-292
3814:D-255
3809:D-188
3752:MQ-8C
3731:TR918
3726:AW609
3721:V-280
3716:V-247
3648:214ST
3585:TH-67
3580:OH-58
3575:TH-57
3568:UH-1Y
3563:UH-1N
3551:H-13J
3511:AH-1Z
3506:Twins
3461:XP-83
3456:XP-77
3426:YFM-1
3410:D-292
3405:D-255
3400:D-188
3016:214ST
1675:p.128
1464:(PDF)
1442:Notes
1336:X-1E:
1309:X-1E:
1284:M2.24
1282:X-1E:
1262:X-1E:
1231:X-1E:
1206:X-1E:
1179:X-1E:
1086:X-1E:
1065:X-1C:
1042:Crew:
845:July.
720:RB-50
566:were
450:near
438:, in
4597:AD-1
4577:X-66
4572:X-65
4567:X-64
4562:X-63
4557:X-62
4552:X-61
4547:X-60
4542:X-59
4537:X-58
4532:X-57
4527:X-56
4522:X-55
4517:X-54
4512:X-53
4507:X-52
4502:X-51
4486:X-50
4481:X-49
4476:X-48
4459:X-47
4454:X-46
4449:X-45
4429:X-43
4424:X-42
4419:X-41
4414:X-40
4409:X-39
4404:X-38
4399:X-37
4394:X-36
4389:X-35
4384:X-34
4379:X-33
4374:X-32
4369:X-31
4364:X-30
4359:X-29
4354:X-28
4349:X-27
4344:X-26
4328:X-25
4316:X-24
4311:X-23
4306:X-22
4301:X-21
4296:X-20
4291:X-19
4286:X-18
4281:X-17
4276:X-16
4271:X-15
4266:X-14
4261:X-13
4256:X-12
4251:X-11
4246:X-10
3955:Huey
3879:XV-3
3864:X-22
3859:X-16
3854:X-14
3829:L-39
3745:UAVs
3711:V-22
3558:UH-1
3546:H-13
3451:P-76
3446:P-63
3441:P-59
3431:P-39
2405:and
2327:NASA
2296:ISBN
2281:ISBN
2266:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2236:ISBN
2217:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2089:2022
1808:2022
1736:ISBN
1605:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1497:NOVA
1468:ISBN
1218:1 Γ
1150:X-1E
1112:X-1E
987:NASA
901:root
851:X-1E
849:The
829:X-1E
812:X-1D
802:X-1D
788:X-1C
778:X-1C
751:X-1B
749:The
730:X-1B
690:NACA
679:X-1A
673:X-1A
658:X-1A
332:and
157:XS-1
143:The
65:Type
4241:X-9
4236:X-8
4231:X-7
4226:X-6
4221:X-5
4216:X-4
4211:X-3
4206:X-2
4201:X-1
4176:S-5
4171:S-4
4166:S-3
4161:S-2
4156:S-1
3849:X-5
3844:X-2
3839:X-1
3804:533
3799:201
3794:ATV
3778:440
3773:417
3768:400
3736:QTR
3695:525
3690:505
3685:430
3680:429
3675:427
3670:412
3665:407
3660:230
3655:222
3643:214
3638:212
3633:210
3628:206
3623:205
3618:204
3611:47J
3528:360
3518:309
3493:207
3436:XFL
3393:918
3383:911
3373:680
3363:646
3353:609
3343:599
3333:583
3323:576
3313:548
3303:540
3293:533
3283:525
3273:505
3263:449
3258:448
3253:447
3248:446
3243:445
3238:444
3233:443
3228:442
3223:441
3218:440
3208:430
3203:429
3198:428
3193:427
3183:417
3178:416
3173:415
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3133:407
3128:406
3118:400
3108:360
3098:309
3088:301
3078:249
3068:230
3058:222
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3048:220
3043:219
3038:218
3033:217
3028:216
3023:215
3011:214
3006:213
3001:212
2996:211
2991:210
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2976:207
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2966:205
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2956:203
2951:202
2946:201
2941:200
2931:130
2926:129
2921:128
2916:127
2911:126
2906:125
2901:124
2896:123
2891:122
2886:121
2881:120
2876:119
2871:118
2866:117
2861:116
2856:115
2851:114
2846:113
2841:112
2836:111
2831:110
2826:109
2821:108
2816:107
2811:106
2806:105
2801:104
2796:103
2791:102
2786:101
1626:p.9
963:in
770:at
562:by
500:in
220:'s
40:X-1
4666::
3606:47
2776:69
2771:68
2766:67
2761:66
2756:65
2751:64
2746:63
2741:62
2736:61
2731:60
2726:59
2721:58
2716:57
2711:56
2706:55
2701:54
2696:53
2691:52
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2676:49
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2659:47
2654:46
2649:45
2644:44
2639:43
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2604:37
2599:36
2594:35
2589:34
2584:33
2579:32
2574:31
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2564:29
2559:28
2554:27
2549:26
2544:25
2539:24
2534:23
2529:22
2524:21
2519:20
2514:19
2509:18
2504:17
2499:16
2494:15
2489:14
2484:13
2479:12
2474:11
2469:10
2365:β
2356:,
2325:β
2316:β
2230:.
2140:.
2105:.
2057:^
1937:.
1909:.
1885:.
1865:^
1855:.
1837:.
1750:^
1537:.
1517:^
1499::
1482:^
1449:^
1128:#1
978:,
837:)
766:,
738:)
685:.
666:)
375:,
4137:(
4126:e
4119:t
4112:v
2664:J
2464:9
2459:8
2454:7
2449:6
2444:5
2439:4
2434:3
2429:2
2424:1
2395:e
2388:t
2381:v
2302:.
2287:.
2272:.
2257:.
2242:.
2223:.
2180:.
2155:.
2091:.
1810:.
1744:.
1613:.
1586:.
1476:.
1125::
1044:1
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914:.
896:8
892:3
889:+
887:3
833:(
806:(
782:(
734:(
662:(
488:.
412:2
408:1
405:+
403:1
379:/
167:β
163:β
147:(
124:7
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
