Ben Lomond (Tasmania) - Knowledge (XXG)

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south-west edge of the park. Eastern quolls inhabit the ski village during winter, and are sometimes sighted during daylight hours. Dusky antechinus occasionally visit lodges. The echidna has been recorded and the platypus has been sighted in the Upper Ford River. Various other species, including the long-nosed potoroo, Tasmanian bettong, brushtail possum, ringtail possum, sugar glider, native rodents such as the velvet-furred rat and the long-tailed mouse, and six species of bat have all been recorded in the park. Among the birds, no systematic study has been made. Wedge-tailed eagles are regularly reported, as is the noisy yellow-tailed black cockatoo. Among the endemic species recorded are the green rosella, scrubtit, brown thornbill, yellow wattlebird, yellow-throated honeyeater, black-headed honeyeater, strong-billed honeyeater and the black currawong. Little is known of the reptiles from Ben Lomond. Of particular interest is the endemic northern snow skink Niveoscincus greeni which is an alpine species restricted to several other mountain top areas in the State. Amphibians recorded from Ben Lomond include the brown tree frog, common eastern froglet and the endemic Tasmanian froglet.

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moorland to dense forest. A total of 222 plant species have been recorded on the Ben Lomond plateau, represented by 152 dicotyledons, 62 monocotyledons, 1 gymnosperm and 7 fern and fern ally families. The five most common families (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Epacridaceae, Cyperaceae and Proteaceae) account for about half the total number of species recorded. Most families, however, are only represented by one or two species. Some introduced plants have naturalised on the plateau from introduced grasses, clovers and straw used to stabilise soil and revegetate areas affected by slope grooming, road works and other site disturbances. The most common native species recorded on the plateau are the herbs Poa gunnii (tussock grass) and Gentianella diemensis, the shrubs, Richea scoparia, Orites acicularis and Pentachondra pumila, Baeckea gunniana and Epacris serpyllifolia. Cushion plants are abundant throughout the plateau. One species, the rock cushion plant Chionohebe ciliolata, is known only from a small localised area within the Park. Other rare and threatened species include the rare endemic Oreomyrrhis sessiliflora, and the endangered Colobanthus curtisiae.

695:(now Longford). Initial contact between the Ben Lomond people and British settlers was likely to have been on hunting grounds around the South or North Esk, as early in settlement hunting parties from Launceston made incursions into the plains south of the nascent city. First contact may well have been peaceable as convict hunters and aboriginal people traded kangaroos and hunting dogs early in the colony's history. Into the 1820s free land grants to wealthy settlers displaced convict hunters and led to the establishment of pastoralism at the Ben Lomond frontier, particularly up the Nile and Esk Rivers. The presence of farms and stockmen interrupted the migratory tribal life of the Aborigines and, although initial relations were peaceable, displacement was accelerated by continuing intrusion into country, abduction of aboriginal women and violent conflict with both settlers and with rival tribes. In particular, women became scarce due to the abduction by sealers of women in coastal areas, consequently leading to internecine raids for women across the interior. 836:

labour. A Full survey of Ben Lomond was conducted from September 1905 to 1912 by Colonel W.V. Legge and, later, Lyndhurst Giblin took over the survey. The surveyors climbed to the plateau from Mangana but on some of the later visits they ascended via Avoca and the Ben Lomond Marshes. The nomenclature of features on the mountain were established at this time and were named after members of the survey party and famous explorers of the period. The survey party explored the highlands on the north of the plateau in 1907. Legge had long suspected that the north of the plateau was higher than the trigonometric station on Stacks Bluff (called by him Ben Lomond Fell or Bluff) but was less obviously elevated. Moreover, the area was, at the time, an area so remote and unexplored that Legge described it as 'untrodden as the distant ranges of the west coast'. Lyndhurst Giblin climbed and measured the true summit and named it after Legge. and, in turn, the prominent bluff to the south of the summit was named for Giblin's father - Giblin Fells.

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Plateau. This exposure includes a narrow coal sequence, which was once worked commercially. During the Pleistocene Ice Age, a small ice-cap existed on Ben Lomond, which was the only plateau in the north-east to be glaciated. The effects of these glaciers account for much of the contrast between the alpine scenery of Ben Lomond and that of the other mountains in the north-east. The most notable relict periglacial depositional features are the blockfields, which cover over a quarter of the Ben Lomond plateau. Much of the plateau is devoid of soils. Organic soils (peats), including deep peats, are most extensively developed on the western side of Rodway Valley. Mineral soils are also found, particularly in the better drained sites.

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around the headwaters of the South Esk River near modern day Mathinna. There are also signs of regular occupation of the plateau by the Plangermaireener; artifacts such as stone tools are found about the low dunes at the eastern aspect of Lake Youl and in colonial times soldiers pursuing the Plangermaireener noted the 'native track' up onto the plateau from the foothills and remarked at the extensive evidence of summer occupation - with remains of firing seen about the plateau. Moreover, the remains of Aboriginal quarry works under Coalmine Crag suggest that the plateau was used for sustained periods by the Plangermaireener, as stone tools were needed for dressing game.

923: 586:. There is no isolated peak named Ben Lomond but instead the name may refer to the plateau, massif, bioregion or national park in which it is situated. In colonial times 'Ben Lomond' referred to both the southern extremity of the massif and the country around the southern escarpment. The toponym does not appear cartographically in reference to the entire massif until the 1900s; when Stacks Bluff also appeared on modern maps. Features on the plateau have accreted names over the last two centuries as the region has opened up to surveyors and official parties. 959: 174: 1063: 674:

Tonenerweenerlarmenne. The Plangermaireener clan is recorded as variously inhabiting the south-east aspect of the Ben Lomond region and also has been associated with the coastal tribes to the south-east. This clan was likely to have occupied the region of the modern day Fingal Valley to the St Mary's Plains and east coast region. 'Plangermaireener' is also used as a blanket term for all the members of the Ben Lomond Nation which reflects the suffix 'mairener', recorded as meaning 'people' or 'tribe'.

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village. The island peak Ragged Jack has established walking and climbing routes that are accessed via the north west foothills. The southern access is from Storys Creek, past Tranquil Tarn, to the northern slopes of Stacks Bluff. A track leads up to the summit cairn of Stacks Bluff, which affords extensive views of the entire eastern half of Tasmania. The plateau is relatively open walking but no other marked tracks exist, although guide books describe access to various features on the plateau.

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track to the plateau lay across the Ben Lomond Marshes ascending the western side of Stacks Bluff. This track led from Avoca, up Castle Cary Rivulet to the Ben Lomond Marshes, to the plateau on the western side of Stacks Bluff and along the headwaters of the Ben Lomond Rivulet. The track was describes as passing up the 'Ploughed Fields' (the scree slope below Stacks Bluff) and proceeding through a pass between Wilmot Bluff and the western cliff line called by locals 'The Gap'.

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party of clansmen were raiding up the South Esk Valley. The raiding party attacked several remote settler and stockman's huts from Oyster Bay to Avoca - alongside their traditional hunting and travelling route on the Ben Lomond frontier. Their aim appeared to be both robbery and revenge and during their raids they killed 5 assigned men and wounded several others severely, reportedly only being prevented from killing an entire family by the presence of soldiers.

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plateau (complete with stables) and was regarded as an easy ascent to the plateau Another steep track existed from Storys Creek which is still used to ascend via Tranquil Tarn to the summit of Stack's Bluff. The western face of Ben Lomond was accessed from English Town and this track took a course round the northern slopes of Ragged Jack. This is the original route for access for skiers before the northern route was established from Carr Villa hut.

3427: 793:. Mannarlargenna has been praised for attempting to preserve the remnants of his people with his bargain or treaty with Arthur and Robinson. It would ultimately lead to the end of hostilities with the Aboriginal people, although at the expense of exile, as the remnant aboriginal people were moved en masse to Wybalenna ('Black Man's Houses' in the Ben Lomond Nation language) on Flinder's Island - where Mannarlargenna died of pneumonia. 915: 904: 58: 1007:, the village is at 1,460 metres (4,790 ft) and the top elevation is 1,570 metres (5,150 ft). A number of club lodges provide accommodation and the mountain has fine views which stretch to the ocean. In 2010, the Department of Parks and Wildlife released a plan for the Ben Lomond ski area recommending snow making machines, the enhancement of snow play areas and the development of a possible snow board park. 4421: 1049: 593:(originally 'the Butts', then 'the Stacks'), Ossians Throne (originally 'The Knuckle'), the Buffaloes (rock formations near Denison Crag) and Ragged Jack (originally Ragged Mountain) appearing in correspondence in the 1800s. Features on the plateau were predominantly named after surveyors (Giblin Fells), Government Administrators (Twelvetrees Moor), local identities Lake Youl ( 253: 721:; the same day they threw a spear at Mr. Sinclair’s shepherd; the spear passed over the man’s shoulder and through a ewe about two rods before him, which the man was driving. The man escaped by running from them. Last Saturday, week they speared and beat with their waddies a man of Mr. Reed’s, near the same spot. Yesterday they attacked a servant of Mr Sevoir's 1077: 801:; the son of Rolepana, a Ben Lomond Nation elder became the first Australian Aboriginal activist when he petitioned Queen Victoria in 1846 in protest at the treatment of his people. The aboriginal people fared poorly at Wybalenna and then when relocated to Oyster Cove, with disease and malnutrition contributing to high mortality and low birth rates. 656: 805:

died with them. The Palawa did not die out- descendants of the 'tyreelore', Palawa women taken as wives by sealers in Bass Strait, continued to live in a prosperous community on Flinders and Cape Barren Islands. Many of these descendants have cultural and genetic lineage from the Ben Lomond Nation and with the chief Mannarlargenna, in particular.

943: 371:, 1,527 metres (5,010 ft), which is an imposing feature that drops away to a cliffline 600 metres (2,000 ft) above the surrounding foothills. The prominent outlier peaks of Ragged Jack (1,369 metres (4,491 ft)), Mensa Moor (1,358 metres (4,455 ft)) and Tower Hill (1,122 metres (3,681 ft)) surround the plateau. 984:

permanent summit hut was constructed 4 years later to allow skiers to overnight on the summit. A smaller hut was constructed at the head of the pass to the plateau for the purposes of shelter and storage of ski gear. The remains of this hut can be seen from the walking track as it crests the pass into the Borrowdale Valley.

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Mathinna and Mangana from 1855 until the 1940s. At its peak Mathinna had a population of 2000 but this dwindled after mining ceased. Tin and tungsten were the other minerals to be obtained in the southern foothills of Ben Lomond and the townships of Rossarden and Storys Creek arose from the 1920s to 1957 around these mines.

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Today, formed tracks exist that access the plateau from the northern, northeastern and south-eastern aspects of the massif. The northern access track is from the Scout hut at Carr Villa, in the northern foothills, to the summit (following the snow pole line of the old ski track) and thence to the ski

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Recreational walking on and around the plateau was established from at least the mid 1830s, usually for the purpose of summiting Stacks Bluff, but it was not until the 1880s, when the mines had brought large numbers into the area, that walking on the plateau became popular. At this time the principal

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In 1829, coal deposits were found by a British party, led by Batman, which was pursuing a group of Plangermaireener onto the plateau. The party collected coal which was successfully burnt after descending from the mountain. Later, a seam was excavated on the plateau, at Coalmine Crag, from which coal

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The first European to ascend the mountain was likely to have been Batman, who is recorded to have crossed the plateau in his forays against the Ben Lomond Nation. In 1829, with a party of soldiers, he ascended the plateau from the foothills, noting the 'native track' onto the summit and the extensive

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The latter half of 1830 saw an increase in frontier violence as the Black War reached its nadir. During the spring of 1830 an Aboriginal party was noted to have crossed the Midlands from the 'Westward' to the Ben Lomond frontier and, within a fortnight, Batman reported in a dispatch that a marauding

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Most of the Aboriginal names for Ben Lomond probably refer to Stacks Bluff or the southern division of the massif - as the toponym Ben Lomond was usually applied to the southern half of the mountain in 1800s Tasmania, when these words were recorded. The lake on the southern aspect of the plateau, now

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Their route was by way of English Town, Ragged Jack and the headwaters of River O'Plain Creek (see image). This route had the disadvantage that it involved an extended walk to get onto the plateau but was less steep than the alternative access from Blessington. The northern route was subsequently

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on 28 November 1841 and he measured the height of Stacks Bluff (albeit incorrectly) by barometry as 5002 feet. In 1852; after the site was surveyed by James Sprent, the Government Surveyor, a Trigonometric Point was constructed on Stacks Bluff (the southernmost extremity of Ben Lomond) using convict

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The artist John Glover ascended the mountain with Batman in the 1833 accompanied by the surveyor John Wedge and Batman's mainland aboriginal servants. Glover made sketches that clearly show the bluffs on the south-eastern escarpment, views of Lake Youl and the view of Tranquil Tarn from the eastern

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The clans of the Ben Lomond Nation were displaced in the early 1800s by extensive colonial occupation up the South Esk river and its tributaries. This particularly manifested along the mountain's western and northern boundaries, which lay closest to the settled areas of Launceston and Norfolk Plains

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The location of the Tonenerweenerlarmenne is uncertain but were probably centred in the remaining Ben Lomond Nation territory from White Hills to the headwaters of the North and South-Esk rivers or the upper South-Esk Valley. This notwithstanding, the Palawa were a nomadic people and likely occupied

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The basement rocks comprise slates, siltstones, greywackes and quartzite. These were intruded by granite and, later, by dolerite during the Jurassic Period. Dolerite predominates on the plateau. The only exception is a highly localised area under Coalmine Crag and around the flanks of the Ben Lomond

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Access to Carr Villa, at 900m elevation, was by foot until a road was constructed in 1959 but then the summit was still a 500m ascent on foot from this point. Carr Villa chalet is now operated by the Rover Scouts after it was donated by NTAC in 1963 and the skiers access track is part of the Legges

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announced on 14 March 1831 his new policy of the removal of Aborigines from Tasmania. The conciliator George Augustus Robinson was tasked with rounding up the remnant aboriginal people. Robinson "....gave an unequivocal commitment that if hostilities ceased, Aborigines would be protected and have

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Attacks on colonials decreased after the military action of the Black Line but in early 1831 three assigned men of Thomas Massey were wounded by Aboriginal clansmen near modern day Deddington and this is the last reported conflict between settlers and Aboriginal clansmen at the Ben Lomond frontier.

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Over time, the aboriginal people were forced into an ever more marginal existence and; with numbers depleted by disease, murder and abduction, were forced into sustained conflict with occupying settlers. In 1829 these remnants of the Ben Lomond nation allied with members of the North Midland nation

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In 1825 two convicts assigned to Andrew Barclay and James Cox on the Nile River, near Deddington, were killed and mutilated by Ben Lomond clanspeople in a dispute over women and ownership of hunting dogs. An aboriginal witness, Temina, testified that one man was killed by spearing and that a woman

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In 1950 a Parliamentary Standing Committee recommended that Ben Lomond be developed as a ski resort. The Australian National Championships were held at the site in 1955. In 1963 the access road was extended to the top of the plateau via the steep and scenic "Jacobs Ladder". Subsequent developments

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Excursions in the 1880s became popular enough for a landowner to build a two-storey hotel with 12 rooms, a store, bakehouse and stables at the northern end of the Ben Lomond Marshes for the use of excursionists and miners. This was the 'Ben Lomond Hotel', which was built in 1883, and was a popular

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The Ben Lomond Nation ceased to exist as a political and cultural entity after the occupation of their country and the subsequent murder, abduction or exile of its people. When the last people of that nation died at Oyster Cove on the Derwent much of the history that had persisted for generations

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the colonial government authorised the employment of Roving Parties (essentially armed bounty hunters) to conciliate the remaining free aboriginal tribesmen. In September 1829, a party led by Batman, with the assistance of two mainland aboriginal men he had brought to Tasmania, and the Tasmanian

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Ben Lomond National Park protects a representative cross-section of Tasmania's north-east alpine plant communities. Although much of the plateau is stony with areas of low and often stunted forms of vegetation, the remainder of the mountain contains a wide variety of habitats ranging from alpine

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Proposals for Ben Lomond to be made a scenic reserve were made as early as 1910 - as a reaction to frequent fires on the plateau. Ben Lomond was declared a National Park and Scenic Reserve in July 1947. The park encompassed nearly 40,000 acres of land that had previously been declared a fauna

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This must have proven to be a devastating setback to an increasingly desperate remnant of the Plangermaireener as they were scarcely seen on the Ben Lomond frontier from that time. Remnant Plangermaireener women were subsequently found in the Piper River region and reported lethal internecine

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The clans of the Ben Lomond Nation hunted along the valleys of the South Esk and North Esk rivers, their tributaries and the highlands to the northeast; as well as making forays to the plateau in summer. There are records of aboriginal huts or dwellings around the foothills of Stacks Bluff and

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A track from Mangana was created in the early 20th century for the purposes of attracting walking tourists onto the plateau. The summit was '9 miles from Mangana', led up the eastern escarpment and was used later by Legge for his survey of the mountain. This track passed by a hut below the

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In 1854 exploratory parties seeking gold, and sponsored by the Colonial Government, explored the plateau of Ben Lomond, driving bores and claiming to find 'particles of gold' But it was alluvial gold, below the summit, that proved payable and was mined to the east of Ben Lomond at Tower Hill,

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In 1932, a chalet was built under the northern escarpment, facilitating access to the summit ski slopes. This chalet was named 'Carr Villa' - named from a sign taken from the Carr Villa cemetery tram stop in Launceston - humorously celebrating a Mr Carr, a member of the ski club. The first

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However, by late 1830, remnants of the Aboriginal clans were living a precarious existence on the edge of the frontier, harried by alert colonial settlers and militia and denied access to their hunting grounds. As the infamous 'Black Line' military operation was being disbanded elsewhere in

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formed in 1929 and pioneered trips to the mountain and improved the access track. In July 1929 Fred Smithies, a pioneer of skiing on Ben Lomond, accompanied the Tasmanian government's Tourism Director on a field trip to the plateau with the aim of establishing the feasibility of a skifield.

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At Wybalenna the remnant of the Ben Lomond people were encamped with aboriginal people from other, often rival, nations. The process of cultural assimilation began here, with compulsory attendance at Christian services mandated. At Wybalenna aboriginal people continued their resistance to

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Of the larger mammals, Bennett's wallabies and wombats are common, and are regularly seen in the ski village during summer and winter, even under blizzard conditions. Pademelons are abundant in the wet gullies and areas with thick undergrowth. Forester kangaroos have been recorded along the

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The original inhabitants of the area were the people of the Ben Lomond Nation, which consisted of at least three clans totalling 150–200 people. Three clan names are known but their locations are somewhat conjectural - the clans were recorded as Plangermaireener, Plindermairhemener and

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Its accessibility from Launceston, together with the existence of a ski village on the plateau make Ben Lomond an all year round favourite for tourists and hikers. Access to the village and summit can be made via several walking tracks or via a zig-zag road known as "Jacobs Ladder".

609:)" - John Batman's mainland Aboriginal guide; all of whom accompanied Wedge on his first expedition to the plateau. Wedge also records an unknown feature (possibly Lake Baker, the next largest water feature on the plateau) as 'Lake Maikai' - the provenance of this name is unknown. 677:

The Plindermairhemener clan is associated with the south and south-western aspects of the region and are likely to have occupied the South Esk Valley from the Avoca region up to at least the Nile River. Their country was bordered by the South Esk River to the south and west.

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their essential needs met by the government while being able to live and hunt within their own districts." These concessions, combined with the promised return of their women from the sealers, were the terms under which the chief Mannalargenna joined Robinson's embassy.

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possibly referring to the surrounding topography. This name survives on modern maps as the toponym for the small lakes on the north-western aspect of the plateau - the Menamatta Tarns. One of the few examples in Tasmania of a land feature retaining its traditional name.

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staging point for the walk up to the plateau, but by 1908 the hotel had been abandoned and fallen into disrepair. The Ben Lomond Hotel continued to be used as a staging hut for guided excursions up to the plateau from Avoca into the 20th century.

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Aborigine 'Black Bill' Ponsonby, led an attack on an Aboriginal family group together numbering 60–70 men, women and children in the mountain's south east foothills. Waiting until 11pm that night before attacking - 'killing or wounding 15'.

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have included new ski lifts, visitor facilities, a licensed inn and accommodation, sewerage system, and improved access. The Ben Lomond Skifield Management Authority was formed in 1995 to manage the Skifield Development Area.

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was extracted for local use in the ski village and, possibly, by trappers. It is not known whether the Aboriginal inhabitants of the region used this coal for burning or decoration but there is an indigenous word for coal (

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In winter 1830 the Ben Lomond people were noted to be absent from their traditional wintering grounds on the East Coast and never again would family groups be seen collecting eggs and fish from the lagoons at Oyster Bay.

3233: 935:, being located on the Fingal train line from Launceston, was the staging point for excursions to the mountain, with local guides arranging packhorses, camping equipment and suitable campsites below the plateau. 871:

Mining interests also existed on the north-west of the mountain, around the island peak of Ragged Jack, where the prospect of silver and tin was investigated, but they proved to be economically unviable.

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Loch Leven trout fry were released into Lake Youl in 1905 in an attempt to establish recreational fishing on the mountain. Recent survey of fauna on the mountain shows no evidence of fish in Lake Youl.

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Children, also, were a target for abduction by settlers. For example, the prominent settler James Cox, at Clarendon on the Nile River, raised the Aboriginal William 'Black Bill' Ponsonby from a child.

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was either a Plangermaireener or Oyster Bay Chief (or perhaps a leader of a confederation of the two Nations) - an Aboriginal leader who had organised guerrilla attacks against British settlers in

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and is featured as a cycling destination in itself. Mountain-bikers enjoy the fire trails around the mountain, commercial downhill rides down Jacobs Ladder and a multisport event in the vicinity.

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spent a week in north-east Tasmania searching without success for the Ben Lomond people. By this time, Robinson considered that the Plangermaireener were reduced to just 10 individuals.

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on his circumnavigation of Tasmania, the modern name was given by Colonel Paterson, who founded the first settlement in northern Tasmania in 1804, and is taken from the eponymous

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belonging to his people 'crushed his head with stones'.'. This was the first recorded of many violent encounters between the Plangermaireener and European settlers.

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conflict between the Ben Lomond people and a confederation of Oyster Bay and Big River clansmen - resulting in the death of all but 6 of the Plangermairreener men.

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in July and in the next month spearing of assigned men at Lord's property, killing a stonemason in his employ. As hostilities escalated across Tasmania in the

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and he subsequently sent a party searching throughout the Northeast looking for the remnants of the Ben Lomond, and north-eastern peoples, without success.

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above 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) and high outlier peaks projecting from the mountain. The highest feature on the plateau is the unimposing summit of

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face. Although no paintings of the ascent have survived there was at least one painting exhibited in 1835 that portrayed the summit of Ben Lomond.

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The locality has an area of 182.6 square kilometres (70.5 sq mi), almost all of which is occupied by the Ben Lomond National Park.

709:"The black natives have again commenced their outrages in this district. About six weeks back they speared a shepherd belonging to Mr. Dark ( 3469: 2390: 980:

selected after a suitable route was found through the help of a local farmer, beginning from the Upper Blessington road at Wattle Corner.

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These attacks continued on huts and farms along the Ben Lomond frontier into 1829, with a war party plundering a stock hut belonging to

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means bluff or precipitous cliffs. Modern etymological researchers of the Palawa lexicon assert that, in addition to

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The C432 route (Ben Lomond Road) enters from the north-west and runs south-east to a skiing village, where it ends.

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The prominent peaks were renamed promptly by European settlers and most were based on appearance or location, with

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The first scientific visit to the Ben Lomond plateau was made by the Polish explorer Paul Edmond de

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stock hut of blankets, flour, sugar, etc. Three days after they pursued a shepherd of Mr. Massey’s (

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After the failure of the 'Black Line' in 1830, and after pressure from settlers, Colonial Governor

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Last to be named is Mensa Moor, which was approved by the state Nomenclature Board in the 1990s.

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reserve although land already set aside for the Forestry Commission was excluded from the park.

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This article is about the mountain, the locality, and the national park. For the bioregion, see

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Jacobs Ladder has been made notorious as the steep training ground for Tour de France cyclist

598: 3190: 4197: 4171: 3590: 3288:. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment. May 2017. Archived from 2515: 1068: 1054: 606: 579: 511:- South Esk River) a contraction for the plains to the south of Stacks Bluff - Fingal Valley 3449: 3062: 4305: 3932: 3889: 3524: 3491: 1922: 1236:

Friendly mission: the Tasmanian journals and papers of George Augustus Robinson, 1829-1834

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is thought to denote tableland or plateau and linguistic research suggests that the stem

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region of Tasmania. The locality is about 64 kilometres (40 mi) east of the town of

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The Tasmanian Tribes and Cicatrices as Tribal Indicators among the Tasmanian Aborigines

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The Tasmanian Tribes and Cicatrices as Tribal Indicators among the Tasmanian Aborigines

914: 903: 57: 1388: 1146: 4439: 4346: 3990: 3529: 3442: 1941: 1082: 996: 782: 777: 379: 3032: 1532: 819:

firing of the plateau by the Plangermaireener from their regular summer occupation.

540:, the prefix mena/miena being the aboriginal word for lake or lagoon and the suffix 4404: 4325: 4313: 4240: 4128: 4047: 4023: 4015: 4007: 3946: 3871: 3818: 3638: 3620: 3559: 2649: 1752: 1441: 1102: 1016: 590: 368: 4094: 4086: 4075: 3924: 3384:

Friendly Mission: The Tasmanian journals and diaries of George Augustus Robinson

3238: 2542: 1963: 942: 926:

Jacob's ladder single lane access road to Mount Ben Lomond in Tasmania Australia

729: 597:(clergyman)) or contemporary explorers (Grant Cirque). The Government Surveyor 421: 142: 43: 2905:

Daily Telegraph (Launceston). A Christmas Trip to Ben Lomond. 10 February 1900.

1208:. Launceston: N. J. B. Plomley in association with the Government of Tasmania. 3916: 3499: 2858: 2844:

Daily Telegraph (Launceston). A Christmas Trip to Ben Lomond. 10 February 1900

1645: 1044: 907: 583: 364: 3675: 3140: 2589: 2459: 1902: 1582: 1560: 117: 104: 3861: 2815: 962:

Clive French, from the Launceston Walking Club, skating on Lake Youl c. 1950

790: 760:

In December 1830, Robinson had relocated 33 Tasmanian Aboriginals to nearby

733: 206: 2520: 1700:(2 ed.). Hobart, Tasmania: The Royal Society of Tasmania. p. 75. 1685:(2 ed.). Hobart, Tasmania: The Royal Society of Tasmania. p. 64. 572:, that is, the Fingal valley. The river near modern day Nile was known as 3855: 3607: 349: 345: 235: 223: 202: 187: 3260: 1716:

The Abels: a comprehensive guide to Tasmania's mountains over 1100m high

469:- the plateau between the Nile River valley (Lake Youl) and Stacks Bluff 3654: 3541: 3519: 3454: 2093: 2091: 655: 360: 3000: 2071:"ms 3251 1825-31 box 1 vol 4: "Black Natives" - also Paton vs Gregson" 999:

operations are located at Ben Lomond, 60 kilometres (37 mi) from

320: 356: 73: 2504:"A history of discovery, study and exploitation of coal in Tasmania" 1849:"Caason Fingal Tiers Mine Project Aboriginal Heritage Impact Report" 3448:

Information on all ski lifts to have operated at Ben Lomond in the

2376: 2374: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 957: 941: 921: 913: 902: 654: 628: 305: 2480:"Hobart Town Gold Circular". The Courier Hobart. 16 January 1854. 2448:

Papers and Proceedings: Tasmanian Historical Research Association

1511:"The Ben Lomond plateau. Discovery of high land at the north end" 1709: 1707: 3822: 3679: 3458: 3055:"Ben Lomond | Snow Conditions / Reports | Ski Images" 706:

in order to conduct guerilla style raids on remote stock huts:

3439:– comprehensive information on the Mountain and National Park. 2027:

Boyce, James (2008). Van Diemen's land. Melbourne: Black Inc.

2804:"Snow Sport for Hikers". Launceston Examiner. 25 August 1932. 2763:

The Examiner (Launceston). 'Beautiful Tasmania'. 13 May 1893.

2444:"Eldershaw Memorial Lecture: Ben Lomond: history and science" 1261:"Writing Country: Composition, Law and Indigenous Ecopoetics" 2099:"Vols. 316 - 332 Transcribing underway [enter here]" 1493:

Peregrine (23 May 1953). "Ben Lomond Plateau". The Examiner.

2884: 2782: 2751:

Avoca and Ben Lomond. The Mercury (Tasmania). 28 March 1895

2697: 2671: 2567: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1510: 1348: 552:, which encircles the plateau on three sides, was known as 2933: 2323:

The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia

1238:. Hobart: Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery: Quintus. 910:

from the summit looking towards the Ben Lomond Ski Resort.

536:

known as Lake Youl, was known to the Aboriginal people as

2199:

The Black War : Fear, Sex and Resistance in Tasmania

1349:"The Ben Lomond Range. Note on the height of Mount Legge" 1332:

Taylor, John (1996). "Dictionary of Palawa place names".

1288:

Taylor, John (1996). "Dictionary of Palawa place names".

659:

Lake Youl (palawa kani: minamata) on summit of Ben Lomond

1774: 1772: 1770: 444:. The meaning of this name is uncertain, but the suffix 2508:

Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania

1440:. Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service. Archived from 477:- a name recorded by John Glover - Taylor asserts that 3368:. Launceston: Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery. 2503: 2221:

The Hobart Town Courier (Tas.). 26 March 1831, page 2.

1887:. Hobart: Department of Parks, Wildlife and Heritage. 1885:

Aboriginal archaeological sites in North East Tasmania

1314:. Launceston: Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery. 2136: 2134: 1606:

Aboriginal Archeological Sites in North East Tasmania

2759: 2757: 2023: 2021: 1817: 1815: 1621:"The Buffaloes on Summit of Ben Lomond (photograph)" 378:

in the Ben Lomond National Park. Tasmania's premier

4380: 4345: 4324: 4279: 4196: 4170: 4127: 4104: 4074: 3989: 3904: 3881: 3870: 3647: 3629: 3606: 3550: 3490: 2229: 2227: 1944:. No. page.2. Hobart Town Courier. 30 May 1829 1854:. Break O’Day Local Government Area. Archived from 1504: 1502: 1500: 1172:"pulingina to lutruwita (Tasmania) Place Names Map" 715:

at modern day Bonney's Plains near - Stacks Bluff )

382:operations are located at Ben Lomond with downhill 314: 304: 296: 288: 280: 270: 262: 245: 229: 217: 212: 198: 154: 138: 133: 94: 82: 72: 67: 37: 3377:. Hobart: Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery. 2491:"Gold". The Courier Hobart, Tas. 29 December 1854. 2177: 2175: 2173: 1847:Elder, Stuart; Patrick, Ball; Syme, Lance (2012). 1670:(Map). Hobart: Tasmap; Tasmanian Government. 1988. 1377:. Hobart: Fullers Bookshop. p. Appendix F:64. 460:, there were several names related to Ben Lomond: 3347:A word-list of the Tasmanian Aboriginal languages 2772:The Daily Telegraph (Launceston) 13 November 1906 2149:The Hobart Town Courier (Tas.) 11 September 1830. 2140:The Tasmanian., Hobart Town, Tas. 18 August 1830. 1206:A word-list of the Tasmanian aboriginal languages 526: 520: 514: 506: 500: 493: 484: 478: 472: 464: 454: 426: 146: 47: 2338:Tasmanian Aborigines : a history since 1803 2298:Tasmanian Aborigines : a history since 1803 2251:Tasmanian Aborigines : a history since 1803 2047:Tasmanian Aborigines : a history since 1803 1824:Tasmanian Aborigines : a history since 1803 1783:. Hobart: Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery. 2816:"The East Coast., Ben Lomond Without Its Mines" 1936: 1934: 1932: 1696:Crawford, J.; Ellis, W.; Stancombe, G. (1962). 1681:Crawford, J.; Ellis, W.; Stancombe, G. (1962). 1646:"Peregrinations: Notes of a trip to Ben Lomond" 601:made several visits to the plateau and renamed 2783:"Ascent of Ben Lomond interesting to tourists" 3834: 3691: 3470: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 1990:"Plant Communities of the Ben Lomond Plateau" 1988:Davies, John.B.; Davies, Margaret.J. (1989). 1826:(1 ed.). Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. 1718:. Launceston: Tasmanian Outdoors Collection. 899:Recreational walking tracks onto the mountain 566: 519:- another name for a bluff at Ben Lomond (cf 8: 3386:(2nd ed.). Hobart: Quintus Publishing. 3330:. Hobart: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. 3328:John Glover The Van Diemen's land sketchbook 2742:'Ben Lomond'. The Examiner (Tas).6 Jan 1922. 2385:. Hobart: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. 2383:John Glover The Van Diemen's land sketchbook 2127:. Colonial Times, Hobart. 18 September 1829. 2075:Manuscript 3251: Van Diemen's Land 1821-1862 1798:. Hobart: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. 1796:John Glover The Van Diemen's land sketchbook 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 3214:. theLIST ©State of Tasmania . 18 July 2016 2672:"Fires at Ben Lomond-Destructive Vandalism" 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 1432: 1430: 4276: 3878: 3841: 3827: 3819: 3698: 3684: 3676: 3477: 3463: 3455: 2543:"Ben Lomond National Park Management Plan" 1964:"Ben Lomond National Park Management Plan" 432:and was recorded in various word lists as 251: 242: 34: 2519: 1334:State Library of Tasmania/Riuwanna - UTAS 3405:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 2570:. The Courier, Hobart, Tas. 17 July 1857 2186:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 4466:Localities of Northern Midlands Council 3403:Black Robinson: Protector of Aborigines 2184:Black Robinson: Protector of Aborigines 1113: 633:Jurassic dolerite on western escarpment 2103:Black War ~ Van Diemen's Land CSO 7578 1918: 1908: 355:The mountain is composed of a central 4417:Highest summit elevation in Tasmania 2502:Bacon, Carol; Banks, Maxwell (1989). 1878: 1876: 1583:"Royal Societies: Interesting Papers" 1410:"Tasmanian map with palaw kani names" 1093:List of highest mountains of Tasmania 7: 2547:Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service 1283: 1281: 1229: 1227: 1225: 669:Aboriginal land-owners of Ben Lomond 3191:"Ben lomond Descent Adventure Race" 2961:"N.T.A.C. Activities on Ben Lomond" 1668:Ben Lomond plateau ski and walk map 1389:"Land Information Systems Tasmania" 946:Early 20th-century ski access track 397:is in the local government area of 3349:. Hobart: Government of Tasmania. 3261:"Placenames Tasmania – Ben Lomond" 3212:"LIST Locality and Postcode Areas" 3091:. 13 November 2008. Archived from 3015:"Early ski buildings of Australia" 2201:. University of Queensland Press. 723:(of Sevoir gully, near Nile Bridge 578:Although the mountain was seen by 173: 14: 4451:Ski areas and resorts in Tasmania 2340:. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. 2300:. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. 2253:. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. 2049:. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. 772:The fate of the Ben Lomond people 16:Mountain in the north of Tasmania 4420: 4419: 3425: 3366:Tasmanian aboriginal place names 2785:. The Examiner. 19 December 1907 1698:The Diaries of John Helder Wedge 1683:The Diaries of John Helder Wedge 1312:Tasmanian aboriginal place names 1151:Land Information System Tasmania 1075: 1061: 1047: 172: 165: 56: 4408:(1,406 m or 4,613 ft) 4400:(1,446 m or 4,744 ft) 4392:(1,472 m or 4,829 ft) 4369:(1,179 m or 3,868 ft) 4361:(1,191 m or 3,907 ft) 4338:(1,080 m or 3,543 ft) 4301:(1,143 m or 3,750 ft) 4272:(1,031 m or 3,383 ft) 4264:(1,103 m or 3,619 ft) 4258:(1,103 m or 3,619 ft) 4252:(1,124 m or 3,688 ft) 4244:(1,144 m or 3,753 ft) 4236:(1,146 m or 3,760 ft) 4228:(1,147 m or 3,763 ft) 4220:(1,168 m or 3,832 ft) 4212:(1,275 m or 4,183 ft) 4189:(1,269 m or 4,163 ft) 4163:(1,461 m or 4,793 ft) 4155:(1,560 m or 5,118 ft) 4146:(1,614 m or 5,295 ft) 4120:(1,443 m or 4,734 ft) 4090:(1,440 m or 4,724 ft) 4067:(1,363 m or 4,472 ft) 4059:(1,481 m or 4,859 ft) 4051:(1,482 m or 4,862 ft) 4043:(1,482 m or 4,862 ft) 4035:(1,485 m or 4,872 ft) 4027:(1,509 m or 4,951 ft) 4019:(1,514 m or 4,967 ft) 4011:(1,516 m or 4,974 ft) 4003:(1,520 m or 4,987 ft) 3982:(1,213 m or 3,980 ft) 3974:(1,464 m or 4,803 ft) 3968:(1,498 m or 4,915 ft) 3962:(1,498 m or 4,915 ft) 3956:(1,520 m or 4,987 ft) 3950:(1,527 m or 5,010 ft) 3942:(1,540 m or 5,052 ft) 3936:(1,542 m or 5,059 ft) 3928:(1,569 m or 5,148 ft) 3920:(1,572 m or 5,157 ft) 3893:(1,224 m or 4,016 ft) 3445:– daily snow report for skiers. 3115:"Businesses want Govt snow job" 2859:"Ben Lomand: A Michaelmas Trip" 1648:. Tasmanian News. 15 March 1886 616:Natural history of the mountain 489:= bluff- probably Stacks Bluff 336:Map of Ben Lomond National Park 295: 287: 2612:"Lake Youl. Liberation of Fry" 2410:. South Melbourne: Macmillan. 1563:. The Examiner. 24 August 1946 973:Northern Tasmanian Alpine Club 384:skiing facilities in the State 1: 4317:(701 m or 2,300 ft) 4309:(751 m or 2,464 ft) 4293:(848 m or 2,782 ft) 3723:Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair 3450:Australian Ski Lift Directory 2966:. Kosciuszko Huts Association 2916:"Climbing Routes Ragged Jack" 2824:National Library of Australia 2620:National Library of Australia 1585:. The Examiner. 15 April 1913 1178:. Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre 885:Proclamation as National Park 814:Exploration in Colonial times 682:their clan lands seasonally. 3433:travel guide from Wikivoyage 3283:"Tasmanian Road Route Codes" 2700:. The Examiner. 26 July 1947 2325:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. 1234:Plomley, Brian, ed. (2008). 483:equates to the locality and 300:1,460 metres (4,790 ft) 292:1,572 metres (5,157 ft) 78:1,572 m (5,157 ft) 3733:Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers 2887:. The Examiner. 25 May 1983 2197:Clements, Nicholas (2014). 1749:Tasmania Parks and Wildlife 1414:Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre 988:Tor circuit walking track. 28:Ben Lomond (disambiguation) 4487: 3707:National parks of Tasmania 3401:Rae-Ellis, Vivian (1988). 2642:"Ben Lomond National Park" 2182:Rae-Ellis, Vivian (1988). 1968:Parks and Wildlife Service 1745:"Ben Lomond National Park" 1561:"Legge's Tor highest peak" 1463:"Tasmanian Nomenclature". 1438:"Ben Lomond National Park" 1375:The Aborigines of Tasmania 995:Today, Tasmania's premier 527: 521: 515: 507: 501: 494: 485: 479: 473: 465: 455: 427: 147: 48: 25: 18: 4415: 3713: 3089:The Sydney Morning Herald 2857:(sic) (18 October 1909). 1290:State Library of Tasmania 250: 159: 55: 42: 3437:Ben Lomond National Park 3431:Ben Lomond National Park 3410:Reynolds, Henry (1995). 2281:Reynolds, Henry (1995). 1714:Wilkinson, Bill (1994). 1135:, Australian Government. 1005:Ben Lomond National Park 894:Recreation on Ben Lomond 755:George Augustus Robinson 284:112 metres (367 ft) 246:Ben Lomond Alpine Resort 62:Snowfields on Ben Lomond 3382:Plomley, Brian (2008). 3373:Plomley, Brian (1992). 3364:Plomley, Brian (1992). 3345:Plomley, Brian (1976). 3321:. Melbourne: Black Inc. 3166:"Roadtripping Tasmania" 2865:. Launceston. p. 3 2616:The Launceston Examiner 2442:Plomley, Brian (1988). 2364:The lost Tasmanian race 2361:Bonwick, James (1884). 2238:. Melbourne: Black Inc. 1779:Plomley, Brian (1992). 1310:Plomley, Brian (1992). 1204:Plomley, Brian (1976). 567: 424:name for Ben Lomond is 4381:Not in a defined range 3443:ski.com.au snow report 3326:Hansen, David (2003). 3234:"Ben Lomond, Tasmania" 2885:"A Trip to Ben Lomond" 2568:"General Intelligence" 2521:10.26749/rstpp.123.137 2408:The art of John Glover 2381:Hansen, David (2003). 2336:Ryan, Lyndall (2012). 2321:Gammage, Bill (2011). 2296:Ryan, Lyndall (2012). 2249:Ryan, Lyndall (2012). 2160:"Macquarie University" 2045:Ryan, Lyndall (2012). 1822:Ryan, Lyndall (2012). 1794:Hansen, David (2003). 1604:Kee, Sue (July 1991). 1540:University of Tasmania 1509:Legge (14 June 1907). 1347:Legge (13 June 1907). 1127:Gazetteer of Australia 963: 947: 927: 919: 918:Ben Lomond snowfields. 911: 827:Surveying the mountain 660: 634: 374:Ben Lomond is east of 4446:Mountains of Tasmania 3412:Fate of a Free People 3317:Boyce, James (2008). 3119:ABC Northern Tasmania 2720:"Tasmanian Itinerary" 2590:"Launceston Examiner" 2406:McPhee, John (1980). 2283:Fate of a Free People 2234:Boyce, James (2008). 961: 945: 925: 917: 906: 658: 632: 348:in the north-east of 321:benlomondalpineresort 257:Ben Lomond summit run 3485:Australian skifields 2987:The Ben Lomond Story 2698:"Ben Lomond Reserve" 1999:: 13. Archived from 1265:University of Sydney 1133:Geoscience Australia 799:Walter George Arthur 419:Tasmanian Aboriginal 26:For other uses, see 21:Ben Lomond bioregion 4461:North East Tasmania 4107:Great Western Tiers 2985:Harvey, D. (2000). 2934:"For Winter sports" 2863:The Daily Telegraph 2676:The Daily Telegraph 2164:Hobart Town Courier 1619:Spurling, Stephen. 1478:"The Bushrangers". 1467:. 2 September 1911. 1373:Roth, Ling (1899). 1353:The Daily Telegraph 1147:"Tas Govt list Map" 1031:Road infrastructure 690:The Colonial Period 560:(large stream) and 297:Base elevation 114: / 3808:Walls of Jerusalem 3337:978-0-975-0545-3-6 3141:"Taking on Tassie" 3095:on 8 November 2012 3001:"Tasmanian Rovers" 2622:. 18 November 1905 2592:. 19 December 1891 1805:978-0-975-0545-3-6 1533:"Stephen Spurling" 1122:"Ben Lomond (TAS)" 1098:Skiing in Tasmania 964: 948: 928: 920: 912: 867:Mining exploration 661: 635: 359:with an extensive 271:Nearest major city 118:41.567°S 147.667°E 68:Highest point 4471:Towns in Tasmania 4433: 4432: 4376: 4375: 3900: 3899: 3816: 3815: 3673: 3672: 3537:Selwyn Snowfields 3356:978-0-7246-0198-1 3319:Van Dieman's Land 3065:on 7 October 2013 3059:Skimountain.co.uk 2855:Willie, Wandering 2236:Van Dieman's Land 2166:. 2 October 1830. 1883:Kee, Sue (1991). 1215:978-0-7246-0198-1 1003:. Located in the 787:Van Diemen's Land 599:John Helder Wedge 584:Scottish mountain 399:Northern Midlands 332: 331: 241: 240: 4478: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4349: 4328: 4283: 4277: 4256:Proprietary Peak 4200: 4199:West Coast Range 4174: 4173:Wellington Range 4131: 4108: 4078: 3993: 3908: 3879: 3874: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3843: 3836: 3829: 3820: 3758:Mole Creek Karst 3700: 3693: 3686: 3677: 3648:Former skifields 3591:Mount St Gwinear 3479: 3472: 3465: 3456: 3429: 3415: 3406: 3397: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3341: 3322: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3295:on 1 August 2017 3294: 3287: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3061:. Archived from 3051: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3031:. Archived from 3025: 3019: 3018: 3011: 3005: 3004: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2965: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2764: 2761: 2752: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2732:on 4 March 2016. 2731: 2725:. Archived from 2724: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2652:on 23 April 2011 2648:. 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Archived from 1741: 1730: 1729: 1711: 1702: 1701: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1537: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1506: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1482:. 10 March 1826. 1475: 1469: 1468: 1460: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1444:on 23 April 2011 1434: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1329: 1316: 1315: 1307: 1294: 1293: 1285: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1231: 1220: 1219: 1201: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1118: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1071: 1069:Mountains portal 1066: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1055:Australia portal 1052: 1051: 1050: 719:near Deddington) 711:near Deddington) 570: 530: 524: 518: 510: 504: 497: 488: 482: 476: 468: 458: 430: 393:The locality of 328: 327: 324: 322: 255: 243: 176: 175: 169: 150: 129: 128: 126: 125: 124: 123:-41.567; 147.667 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 60: 51: 35: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4456:IBRA subregions 4436: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4372: 4347: 4341: 4326: 4320: 4281: 4275: 4198: 4192: 4172: 4166: 4129: 4123: 4106: 4100: 4076: 4070: 3991: 3985: 3960:Ossian’s Throne 3933:Markham Heights 3906: 3896: 3872: 3866: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3817: 3812: 3743:Hartz Mountains 3709: 3704: 3674: 3669: 3643: 3625: 3602: 3546: 3525:Perisher Valley 3486: 3483: 3422: 3409: 3400: 3394: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3357: 3344: 3338: 3325: 3316: 3313: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3085:"Home and away" 3083: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3035:on 27 July 2009 3027: 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Natives". 2122: 2121: 2117: 2107: 2105: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2057: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2026: 2019: 2009: 2007: 2006:on 3 April 2017 2003: 1992: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1947: 1945: 1940: 1939: 1930: 1917: 1907: 1895: 1882: 1881: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1851: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1821: 1820: 1813: 1806: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1778: 1777: 1768: 1758: 1756: 1743: 1742: 1733: 1726: 1713: 1712: 1705: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1544: 1542: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1447: 1445: 1436: 1435: 1428: 1418: 1416: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1331: 1330: 1319: 1309: 1308: 1297: 1287: 1286: 1279: 1269: 1267: 1259:Minter, Peter. 1258: 1257: 1253: 1246: 1233: 1232: 1223: 1216: 1203: 1202: 1191: 1181: 1179: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1155: 1153: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1120: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1089: 1088: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1041: 1033: 1025: 1013: 969: 901: 896: 887: 878: 869: 856: 847: 842: 829: 816: 811: 774: 692: 671: 666: 649: 640: 623: 618: 556:from the word 554:mangana lienta, 550:South Esk River 415: 339: 338: 337: 319: 318: 258: 194: 193: 192: 191: 190: 184: 183: 182: 181: 177: 122: 120: 116: 113: 108: 105: 103: 101: 100: 63: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4484: 4482: 4474: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4438: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4409: 4401: 4397:Frenchmans Cap 4393: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4362: 4353: 4351: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4332: 4330: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4310: 4302: 4294: 4287: 4285: 4274: 4273: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4245: 4237: 4229: 4221: 4213: 4204: 4202: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4178: 4176: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4164: 4156: 4148: 4135: 4133: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4112: 4110: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4098: 4091: 4082: 4080: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4060: 4052: 4044: 4036: 4028: 4020: 4012: 4004: 3997: 3995: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3943: 3940:Hamilton Crags 3937: 3929: 3921: 3912: 3910: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3885: 3883: 3876: 3868: 3867: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3728:Douglas-Apsley 3725: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3695: 3688: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3667: 3665:Mount Franklin 3662: 3657: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3635: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3612: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3597:Mount Stirling 3594: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3507: 3505:Charlotte Pass 3502: 3496: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3421: 3420:External links 3418: 3417: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3392: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3355: 3342: 3336: 3323: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3274: 3252: 3225: 3203: 3182: 3157: 3132: 3106: 3076: 3046: 3020: 3006: 2992: 2977: 2951: 2940:. 30 July 1929 2925: 2907: 2898: 2876: 2846: 2837: 2807: 2796: 2774: 2765: 2753: 2744: 2735: 2711: 2689: 2678:. 7 April 1910 2663: 2646:Parks Tasmania 2633: 2603: 2581: 2559: 2534: 2494: 2483: 2472: 2423: 2417:978-0333299111 2416: 2398: 2391: 2370: 2353: 2346: 2328: 2313: 2306: 2288: 2266: 2259: 2241: 2223: 2214: 2207: 2189: 2169: 2151: 2142: 2130: 2115: 2087: 2062: 2055: 2037: 2017: 1980: 1955: 1942:"Country Post" 1928: 1894:978-0724617623 1893: 1872: 1861:on 18 May 2015 1839: 1832: 1811: 1804: 1786: 1766: 1731: 1724: 1703: 1688: 1673: 1659: 1637: 1611: 1596: 1574: 1552: 1524: 1513:. The Examiner 1496: 1485: 1480:Colonial Times 1470: 1455: 1426: 1401: 1380: 1365: 1339: 1317: 1295: 1277: 1251: 1244: 1221: 1214: 1189: 1163: 1138: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1087: 1086: 1072: 1058: 1043: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1024: 1021: 1012: 1009: 968: 965: 900: 897: 895: 892: 886: 883: 877: 874: 868: 865: 855: 852: 846: 843: 841: 838: 828: 825: 815: 812: 810: 809:Modern history 807: 773: 770: 691: 688: 670: 667: 665: 662: 648: 645: 639: 636: 622: 619: 617: 614: 533: 532: 512: 508:mangana lienta 490: 470: 414: 411: 335: 334: 333: 330: 329: 316: 312: 311: 308: 302: 301: 298: 294: 293: 290: 286: 285: 282: 278: 277: 272: 268: 267: 264: 260: 259: 256: 248: 247: 239: 238: 233: 227: 226: 221: 215: 214: 210: 209: 200: 196: 195: 185: 179: 178: 171: 170: 164: 163: 162: 161: 160: 157: 156: 152: 151: 140: 136: 135: 131: 130: 98: 92: 91: 86: 80: 79: 76: 70: 69: 65: 64: 61: 53: 52: 40: 39: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4483: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4428: 4414: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4389:Mount Olympus 4386: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4344: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4323: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4278: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4195: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4169: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4126: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4073: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4056:The Acropolis 4053: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992:Du Cane Range 3988: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3966:Coalmine Crag 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3903: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3844: 3839: 3837: 3832: 3830: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3768:Mount William 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3696: 3694: 3689: 3687: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3660:Mount Buffalo 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3581:Mount Baw Baw 3579: 3576: 3575:Lake Mountain 3573: 3571: 3570:Hotham Alpine 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3530:Smiggin Holes 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 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1128: 1123: 1117: 1114: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1084: 1083:Sports portal 1073: 1070: 1059: 1056: 1045: 1038: 1036: 1030: 1028: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 997:Alpine skiing 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 974: 966: 960: 956: 952: 944: 940: 936: 934: 924: 916: 909: 905: 898: 893: 891: 884: 882: 875: 873: 866: 864: 862: 853: 851: 844: 839: 837: 834: 826: 824: 820: 813: 808: 806: 802: 800: 794: 792: 788: 784: 783:Mannalargenna 779: 778:George Arthur 771: 769: 765: 763: 758: 756: 750: 746: 742: 738: 735: 731: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 707: 703: 700: 696: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 668: 663: 657: 653: 646: 644: 637: 631: 627: 620: 615: 613: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 587: 585: 581: 576: 575: 571: 569: 564:referring to 563: 559: 555: 551: 546: 543: 539: 531:bluff/cliffs) 529: 523: 517: 513: 509: 503: 498: 496: 491: 487: 481: 475: 471: 467: 463: 462: 461: 459: 457: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 429: 423: 420: 412: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 387: 385: 381: 380:Alpine skiing 377: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 353: 352:, Australia. 351: 347: 343: 326: 317: 313: 309: 307: 303: 299: 291: 289:Top elevation 283: 279: 276: 273: 269: 265: 261: 254: 249: 244: 237: 234: 232: 231:Mountain type 228: 225: 222: 220: 216: 211: 208: 204: 201: 197: 189: 168: 158: 153: 149: 144: 141: 137: 132: 127: 99: 97: 93: 90: 87: 85: 81: 77: 75: 71: 66: 59: 54: 50: 45: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 4403: 4395: 4387: 4364: 4356: 4336:unnamed peak 4335: 4312: 4304: 4296: 4290: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4247: 4239: 4231: 4223: 4215: 4207: 4186:/ Wellington 4183: 4181: 4158: 4150: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4130:Pelion Range 4115: 4093: 4085: 4062: 4054: 4046: 4038: 4030: 4024:Geryon South 4022: 4014: 4008:Geryon North 4006: 4001:unnamed peak 4000: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3954:Misery Bluff 3953: 3947:Stacks Bluff 3945: 3939: 3931: 3923: 3915: 3905: 3888: 3873:Arthur Range 3783:Savage River 3753:Maria Island 3639:Corin Forest 3621:Mount Mawson 3615: 3586:Mount Buller 3560:Dinner Plain 3411: 3402: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3346: 3327: 3318: 3311:Bibliography 3297:. Retrieved 3290:the original 3277: 3265:. Retrieved 3255: 3243:. Retrieved 3237: 3228: 3218:15 September 3216:. Retrieved 3206: 3194:. Retrieved 3185: 3173:. Retrieved 3169: 3160: 3148:. Retrieved 3144: 3135: 3123:. Retrieved 3118: 3109: 3097:. Retrieved 3093:the original 3088: 3079: 3067:. Retrieved 3063:the original 3058: 3049: 3037:. Retrieved 3033:the original 3029:"What to do" 3023: 3009: 2995: 2986: 2980: 2968:. Retrieved 2954: 2942:. Retrieved 2938:The Examiner 2937: 2928: 2919: 2910: 2901: 2889:. Retrieved 2879: 2867:. Retrieved 2862: 2854: 2849: 2840: 2828:. Retrieved 2819: 2810: 2799: 2787:. Retrieved 2777: 2768: 2747: 2738: 2727:the original 2714: 2702:. Retrieved 2692: 2680:. Retrieved 2675: 2666: 2654:. Retrieved 2650:the original 2645: 2636: 2624:. Retrieved 2615: 2606: 2594:. Retrieved 2584: 2572:. Retrieved 2562: 2550:. Retrieved 2546: 2537: 2525:. Retrieved 2511: 2507: 2497: 2486: 2475: 2463:. Retrieved 2451: 2447: 2407: 2401: 2382: 2363: 2356: 2337: 2331: 2322: 2316: 2297: 2291: 2282: 2250: 2244: 2235: 2217: 2198: 2192: 2183: 2163: 2154: 2145: 2124: 2118: 2106:. Retrieved 2102: 2078:. Retrieved 2074: 2065: 2046: 2040: 2008:. Retrieved 2001:the original 1996: 1983: 1971:. Retrieved 1967: 1958: 1946:. Retrieved 1884: 1863:. Retrieved 1856:the original 1842: 1823: 1795: 1789: 1780: 1757:. Retrieved 1753:the original 1748: 1715: 1697: 1691: 1682: 1676: 1667: 1662: 1650:. Retrieved 1640: 1628:. Retrieved 1624: 1614: 1605: 1599: 1587:. Retrieved 1577: 1565:. Retrieved 1555: 1543:. Retrieved 1539: 1527: 1515:. Retrieved 1488: 1479: 1473: 1464: 1458: 1446:. Retrieved 1442:the original 1417:. Retrieved 1413: 1404: 1392:. Retrieved 1383: 1374: 1368: 1356:. Retrieved 1352: 1342: 1333: 1311: 1289: 1268:. Retrieved 1254: 1235: 1205: 1180:. Retrieved 1175: 1166: 1154:. Retrieved 1150: 1141: 1125: 1116: 1103:Mount Mawson 1034: 1026: 1017:Richie Porte 1014: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 970: 953: 949: 937: 929: 888: 879: 870: 860: 857: 848: 830: 821: 817: 803: 797:oppression: 795: 775: 766: 759: 751: 747: 743: 739: 727: 722: 718: 714: 710: 708: 704: 701: 697: 693: 684: 680: 676: 672: 650: 641: 624: 611: 602: 591:Stacks Bluff 588: 577: 573: 565: 561: 557: 553: 547: 541: 537: 534: 492: 453: 449: 445: 442:toorerpunner 441: 437: 433: 425: 416: 413:Nomenclature 394: 392: 388: 373: 369:Stacks Bluff 354: 341: 340: 186:Location in 32: 4160:Pelion East 4152:Pelion West 4095:Eldon Bluff 4077:Eldon Range 4040:Castle Crag 3972:Magnet Crag 3925:Giblin Peak 3788:South Bruny 3763:Mount Field 3565:Falls Creek 3239:Google Maps 3196:20 February 3175:20 February 3170:Cyclingtips 3150:20 February 2891:20 February 2820:The Mercury 2789:20 February 2704:20 February 2682:20 February 2552:28 November 2527:28 November 2108:18 February 2080:18 February 2010:28 November 1973:28 November 1948:28 November 1919:|work= 1725:0646-216910 1517:20 February 1465:The Mercury 1419:29 February 1358:20 February 1182:29 February 876:Aquaculture 789:during the 762:Swan Island 730:John Batman 574:plipatumila 474:tudema tura 466:parndokenne 422:palawa kani 219:Age of rock 143:Palawa kani 139:Native name 121: / 96:Coordinates 84:Parent peak 44:Palawa kani 4440:Categories 4087:Eldon Peak 3917:Legges Tor 3907:Ben Lomond 3890:Federation 3798:Strzelecki 3778:Rocky Cape 3773:Narawntapu 3748:Kent Group 3718:Ben Lomond 3616:Ben Lomond 3500:Cabramurra 3414:. Penguin. 2970:15 January 2869:8 December 2830:8 December 2822:. Hobart: 2596:4 December 2465:15 January 2285:. 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