Pope Benedict XIV - Knowledge (XXG)

965:, and was running an annual deficit of more than 200,000 scudi. Benedict attempted to improve the finances of the Papal States, but even at his death the administration was still running a deficit. His greatest economic action was the reduction in the size of the Papal army, which had become ineffectual in terms of contemporary military practice, even in keeping order inside the Papal States; and he severely reduced the pay of both officers and soldiers. He instituted economies in his own household and in the bureaucracy, but these were insignificant in terms of the debt and deficit. In 1741, on the advice of Cardinal Aldovrandini (who had nearly been elected pope instead of Benedict), he instituted a new tax, a duty on stamped paper on legal documents; it did not produce the revenue expected, and it was abolished in 1743. He reduced taxes on imported cattle, oil, and raw silk, but imposed new taxes on lime, china clay, salt, wine, straw, and hay. In 1744 he raised taxes on land, house rents, feudal grants to barons, and pensions derived from prebends. 1143: 71: 6048: 668: 418:, sought peacefully to reverse growing secularism in European courts, invigorated ceremonies with great pomp, and throughout his life and his reign published numerous theological and ecclesiastical treatises. In governing the Papal States, he reduced taxation on some products, but also raised taxes on others; he also encouraged agriculture and supported free trade within the Papal States. A scholar, he created the Sacred and Profane Museums, now part of the present 778: 2675:(Number 26). Dublin: Richard James and John Butler, 1750. Context: "In the Edict lately published against all Games on the Cards, it is enacted, that the Penalty on Delinquents shall be a Fine of 500 Crowns ; but if any Persons of high Rank or Distinction are convicted of suffering or promoting Gaming of that Kind in their house, they shall incur the Pope's Indignation, and be liable to such arbitrary Punishment as to his Holiness shall seem meet." 295: 940:, and other cities, territories and places, or rights, belonging to the Roman Church, and mediately or immediately subject to the said Roman Church; and likewise those who presume to usurp de facto, to disturb, to retain, or in various ways to trouble, the supreme jurisdiction, belonging in them to Us and to the said Roman Church; and likewise their adherents, patrons, and protectors, or those who aid, counsel or abet them in any way whatsoever. 328: 4772: 2283:

contracted if it had not been purposefully concealed; also at times, and this happens more frequently, a marriage is annulled because it was contracted before another priest, even with the consent of the parish priest or of the ordinary bishop but without the necessary and usual formalities. Certainly it is clear that these dissolutions of marriages in Poland are a source of evil and an open door to crime."

4784: 1083:, in particular that 1) it is generally not licit to baptise a child of a Jewish family without parental consent, 2) it is licit to baptise a Jewish child in danger of death without parental consent, 3) once such a baptism had occurred (whether licit or not), the ecclesiastical authorities have a duty to remove the child from its parents' custody in order to provide it with a Christian education. 6111: 6099: 6060: 1019:, against the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas and other countries. It excommunicated any person who, for whatever motive, enslaved a native Brazilian. It did not address the case of black Africans. The Bull ordered the Jesuits to cease engaging in commerce, which was strictly forbidden by their own statutes, and meddling in politics. The bull went unenforced in Brazil. 6135: 6123: 993: 1396: 1065:. The Pope added some 3,300 of his own books to the collection. In 1741 the collection of manuscripts relating to Chinese religion and history were left to the Vatican Library by bequest of Fouchet, a one-time missionary. During his reign the library of Marchese Alessandro Capponi was acquired through bequest. The collection of the antiquarian 1630: 651:, on the subject of the diocesan synod, presenting a synthesis of the history, Canon Law, practices, and procedures for the holding of those important meetings of the clergy of each diocese. He was in fact preparing the ground for the holding of a synod of his own for the diocese of Bologna, an expectation he first announced in a 6087: 1430:

increased his sufferings. Despite this, his appetite had not diminished which was interpreted as a sign that he could potentially rally from his malady. However, into May, his condition had worsened considerably, though the pope remained lucid until the end, able to impart one last blessing before he

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Item excommunicamus, et anathematizamus omnes, singulos cujuscumque gradus, seu conditionis fuerint; Universitates vero, Collegia, & Capitula quocumque ncmine nuncupentur, interdicimus, ab ordinationibus, seu mandatis Nostris. ut Romanorum Pontificum pro tempore existentium ad universale futurum

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in Rome, which featured mosaics on the sides, floor, and wall behind the altar made of semi-precious stones. The chapel, which had been commissioned by King John V of Portugal in 1740, was designed by Nicola Salvi and Luigi Vanvitelli. When complete, it was then shipped to Portugal to be placed in

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Benedict wrote, "At times it is argued that the marriage was entered upon by force or by fear, in either case without the free consent of one or the other of the contracting parties; at other times a legitimate and canonical impediment is alleged, which could have been known before the marriage was

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in Bologna had begun construction of a chapel for everyday convenience dedicated to the Annunication of the Virgin Mary. In 1725, Bishop Prospero Lambertini of Theodosia, who was working in the Roman Curia but was mindful of his origins, ordered the chapel to be painted. He handed over the work to

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to preach; both had a close relationship and the year previously saw Benedict XIV ask him to give sermons on penance and conversion in Rome. Among the initiatives that the pope designed for the Jubilee were the call for Christian unity and organizing for proper accommodation for those pilgrims who

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We also wanted to make clear to all the good will which the Apostolic See feels for Oriental Catholics in commanding them to observe fully their ancient rites which are not at variance with the Catholic religion or with propriety. The Church does not require schismatics to abandon their rites when

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of Florence, who worked in Rome in the Curia. In mid-August, Albani asked the leader of the Imperialist faction, Cardinal Niccolò del Giudice, to give a thought to Lambertini. After long deliberations, Lambertini was put forth to the cardinal electors as a compromise candidate, and it is reported

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This witticism appears to have assisted his cause, which also benefited from his reputation for deep learning, gentleness, wisdom, and conciliation in policy. On the evening of 17 August 1740 at around 9:00 pm, on the 255th ballot, he was elected pope and took the throne name of Benedict XIV in

610:. In 1731, the new bishop had the main altar and the choir of the cathedral restored and renovated. Once he became pope, Lambertini remembered his former diocese, sending an annual gift to the Church of Ancona, of sacred vessels of gold or silver, altar appointments, vestments, and other items. 2292:

Benedict wrote, "We had learned that an evil custom of hidden marriages, more popularly known as marriages of joint knowledge, has spread throughout much of the Christian world. Among the resulting irregularities is that hidden marriages of this sort were themselves being dissolved where other

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This clause, if applied, excommunicated the governments of Spain, France, and the Habsburg monarchy, in addition to lesser princes who held, without papal grant or investiture, territory claimed by the Papacy. The bull was smiled at even by Benedict himself, who once said, "I like to leave the

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Since his days as a Consultor at the Holy Office (Inquisition), Benedict had been involved in issues pertaining to the missions, both those seeking to convert non-Christians, and those seeking to reconcile heretics and schismatics to the Roman Church. One concern was the

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Benedict XIV was an avid gambler. He frequently used profane language, which one of his early biographers called "unfortunate phraseology." He had a crucifix placed in every room, and it is said that seeing it helped restrain his colorful language.

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procured for the pope a statue of him with an accompanying plaque. When the copy of the inscription was forwarded to Rome for approval, Benedict XIV smiled upon reading it and, shaking his head, exclaimed: "Alas! I am like the statues of the

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they return to Catholic unity, but only that they forswear and detest heresy. Its great desire is for the preservation, not the destruction of different peoples – in short, that all may be Catholic rather than all become Latin.

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described him as "loved by papists, esteemed by Protestants, a priest without insolence or interest, a prince without favorites, a pope without nepotism, an author without vanity, a man whom neither intellect nor power could corrupt."

1411:, he died on 3 May 1758 at the age of 83. His final words to those surrounding him on his deathbed were, "I leave you in the hands of God." Despite those words, the pope is alleged to have recited the famous Latin phrase " 1327:, to begin on Christmas Eve, 1749 and to extend throughout the next year until Christmas 1750. During the month of April 1750, 43,000 meals were served to the poor at the Trinita Hospital. Later that year, the Pope banned 983:

he revived the practice of anatomical studies and established a chair of surgery. He had a clear view of ecclesiastical problems, had respect for differing opinions and an ability to distinguish between dogma and theory.

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in upper Egypt, where efforts to seek union with the Coptic Patriarch had not been successful. Numbers of Coptic priests and laity had entered into union with Rome, but had no bishop to serve their needs. In the Bull

485:, who was his favorite author and saint. While he enjoyed studying at Collegio Clementino, his attention turned toward civil and canon law. Soon after, in 1694 at the age of nineteen, he received the degree of 1182:(12 September 1744). In these bulls he ruled on the custom of accommodating non-Christian words and usages to express Christian ideas and practices of the native cultures, which had been extensively done by the 514: 1101:

of 4 August 1741, Benedict entrusted their care to the one Coptic bishop who was in union with Rome, the Patriarch Athanasius of Jerusalem, who was given extensive powers to supervise uniate Copts in Egypt.

1054:. Troubles arose from what are called "clandestine marriages", a secret arrangement between partners, usually for the purpose of marrying a person of choice rather than entering into an "arranged marriage". 875:

We excommunicate all those who shall by themselves or others, directly or indirectly, under whatever title or pretext, presume to invade, destroy, occupy and detain, wholly or in part, the City of Rome, the

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Raccolta di alcune notificazioni, editti, ed istruzioni, pubblicate pel buon gouerno della sua diocesi dall'eminentissimo e reverendissimo signor cardinale Prospero Lambertini ... ora Benedetto 14. sommo

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on 27 January 1727, and was permitted to retain the title of Archbishop, as well as all the offices which he had already been granted. He was also allowed to continue as Abbot Commendatory of the

1363:, which he consecrated as a site of martyrdom for the early Christians. The pope placed the stations of the Cross in the arena, however, these were removed in 1874 before being restored in 1925. 659:

was published in 1748, however, the synod still had not taken place. He continued in the office of Archbishop of Bologna even after he became Pope, not finally resigning until 14 January 1754.

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Carlo Salarolo, who had the walls of the chapel adorned. Lambertini also ordered and paid for the painting above the main altar, an image of the Virgin being greeted by the angel, the work of

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Benedict XIV originally demonstrated symptoms of illness on 26 April 1758 after having previously rallied from a serious illness that included gout that February. However, a contracted

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had also been debated since the early 17th century. Benedict XIV denounced these practices in these two bulls. The consequence of this was that many of these converts left the church.

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He encouraged agriculture and free trade and drastically cut the military budget, but was unable to completely reform the administration, still corrupt from previous papacies. At the

6032: 6027: 1464: – Benedict XIV was one of the first popes to voice displeasure regarding the use of castrated males in church choir services. He did nothing, however, to stop the practice. 5376: 4856: 1510:(1303–1304). This has advanced the numbering of all subsequent Popes Benedict by one. Popes Benedict XI–XVI are therefore the tenth through fifteenth popes by that name. 1237:

late in his papacy, but had to stop due to the possibility of invasion. On 15 December 1744, Benedict XIV blessed the baroque chapel (Chapel of St. John the Baptist) in

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Benedict XIV was considered one of the best scholars to have sat on the papal throne, noted for his keen intellect and his consistent morals. Noted for his modesty,

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in 1758, just before his death. The papacy reluctantly acceded to the anti-Jesuit demands while providing minimal theological justification for the suppressions.

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Following his father's untimely death at the age of forty-two, his mother, aged twenty-four and a widow for only three months, married Count Luigi Bentivoglio.

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of Bologna. He had enemies, however, who assembled enough votes to ensure that he would never get the two-thirds needed to be elected. His greatest enemy, the

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Benedetto XIV e la Repubblica di Venezia. Storia delle trattative per la difesa dei diritti giurisdizionali ecclesiastici. Decreto veneto 7 settembre 1754

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missions. An example of this is the statues of ancestors – there had long been uncertainty whether honour paid to one's ancestors was unacceptable '

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of Florence also came to the Vatican Library after his death, including a large collection of manuscripts that went back as far as the twelfth century.

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Despite these fiscal problems, the Papacy was able to buy two frigates in Britain, and in April 1745 Benedict personally christened a galley, named the

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Perhaps one of the best scholars to sit on the papal throne, yet often overlooked, he promoted scientific learning, the Baroque arts, reinvigoration of

904:, and the maritime provinces and their territories and places, and the territories under special commission of the Arnulfi, and our cities of Bologna, 481:

in Rome, where he studied rhetoric, Latin, philosophy, and theology (1689–1692). During his studies as a young man, he often studied the works of St.

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to an extent due to his numerous studies of ancient literature, his publishing of ecclesiastical books and documents, his interest in the study of the

5544: 1202:. This question was especially pressing in the case of an ancestor known not to have been a Christian. The choice of a Chinese translation for the 4808: 1113:, Pope Benedict addressed the numerous problems arising in dealing with the clergy and laity belonging to various eastern rites, particularly the 733:

that he said to the members of the College of Cardinals "If you wish to elect a saint, choose Gotti; a statesman, Aldrovandi; an honest man, me."

469:, the third of five children of Marcello Lambertini and Lucrezia Bulgarini. At the time of his birth, Bologna was the second largest city in the 1151: 1426:

and he suffered from difficulties in urinating. However, his condition deteriorated rapidly in the following days after his gout and contracted

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Benedict XIV was jovial and was lucid until the very end. To those who knew him, his blue eyes seemed to sparkle with humor and cordiality.

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Año Santo dentro y fuera de Roma: Sirve para ella en este Año Santo de 1750. Para España en el de 1751 y en los siguientes para las Indias

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Benedicti papae XIV. Bullarium: In quo continentur constitutiones, epistolae, aliaque edita ab initio pontificatus usque ad annum MDCCXLVI

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Benedicti papae XIV. Bullarium: In quo continentur constitutiones, epistolae, aliaque edita ab initio pontificatus usque ad annum MDCCXLVI

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Gualandi, Enea (1921), "Il card. Filippo Maria Monti, papa Benedetto XIV e la Biblioteca dell' Istituto delle scienze di Bologna," in:

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Canon law: I. Introduction to the study of canon law. II. History of the sources of canon law. III. A commentary on book 1 of the code

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regarding marriage, communicating his dissatisfaction with the dissolution of Christian marriages, some even long-stable ones, by the

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Lettere di Benedetto XIV al canonico Pier Francesco Peggi Bolognese (1729–1758): pubblicate insieme col diario del conclave del 1740

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Benedict XIV's papacy began in a time of great difficulties, fueled by anticlericalism and chiefly caused by the disputes between

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to choose a successor. The Conclave opened on 18 February, but Lambertini did not arrive until 5 March. He was not one of the '

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Pastor, Vol. 35, pp. 3–22. Benedict XIV wrote a letter about the Conclave to his friend Francesco Peggi: F.S. Kraus (editor),

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Van Kley, D. (1982). "The Refusal of Sacramental Controversy and the Political Crisis of 1756–57," in: R. M. Golden (ed.),

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on 9 December 1726, though the public announcement of his promotion was postponed until 30 April 1728. He was assigned the

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Benedict XIV created 64 cardinals in seven consistories; among the new cardinals he elevated into the cardinalate was the

880:, the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, the territories on this side of Lesina, the patrimony of St. Peter in Tuscany, the 6077: 5920: 5439: 5429: 4885: 4744: 2975: 2598: 1118: 537: 2252:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus (recentior, auctior, et emendatoir ed.). Venice: Occhi. pp. 65–68, no. XX. 6190: 5885: 5028: 4583: 4573: 946: 5255: 2984:

Die Geschichte der Quellen und Literatur des canonischen Rechts: Von der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts bis zur Gegenwart

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Pragmatische Geschichte der Bulle " in Coena Domini" und ihren fürchterlichen Folgen für den Staat und die Kirche

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of the church, and many papal institutions. Perhaps the most important act of Benedict XIV's pontificate was the

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Benedict XIV had suffered from kidney problems for years. His health worsened in 1758 and, after a battle with

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rather than leaving the appointment to the church. He managed to overcome most of these problems – the

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Sanctissimi domini nostri Benedicti papae XIV De synodo dioecesana libri tredecim in duos tomos distributi

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in 1768 had major consequences, including the beginning of expulsions of Jesuits from European states.

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In 1712, Lambertini was named Canon Theologus of the Chapter of the Vatican Basilica and member of the

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At the beginning of his reign, the papal government was heavily in debt, to the amount of 56,000,000

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on 21 August 1740. By 30 August 1740 the famous ephemeral baroque structures of the Festival of the

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Lambertini had composes a survey of the history of the Malabar rites in India. Pastor, pp. 463–464.

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Nagy, Ferenc (1979). "La comune genealogia episcopale di quasi tutti gli ultimi papi (1700–1978)".

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in colonial India. He was invited to spread Catholic Christianity by Maharaja Dhurup Singh of the

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on 30 March 1741. In it Benedict again excommunicated all members of Protestant sects, including

821: 786: 746: 717: 580: 552: 521:. As Promoter of the Faith, he achieved two major successes. The first was the canonization of 194: 181: 5630: 1217:, to design a large palace that was to be 'more complex and with greater baroque style than the 777: 737:(1664–1742) was professor of philosophy at the College of Saint Thomas, and perhaps the leading 2263:

Benedict, XIV, "Nimiam Licentiam: To Bishops of Poland: On Validity of Marriages", May 18, 1743

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The papal bull, 'In cœnâ Domini', translated into English. With a short historical introduction

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Benedicti XIV pont. opt. max. Doctrina de servorum dei beatificatione et beatorum canonizatione

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On 18 May 1743, Benedict XIV signed a document addressed to the Archbishops and Bishops of the

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Towards the end of his papacy Benedict XIV was forced to contend with issues surrounding the

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The Popes, the Catholic Church and the Transatlantic Enslavement of Black Africans 1418–1839

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Reform Catholicism and the International Suppression of the Jesuits in Enlightenment Europe

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Concilium appellantes; nec non eos, quorum auxilio, concilio, vel favore appellatum fuerit.

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Papauté et pouvoir temporel sous les pontificats de Clément XII et Benoît XIV (1730–1758)

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of the Vatican Palace, on 16 July 1724, by Pope Benedict XIII. The co-consecrators were

1121:. He reminded the missionaries that they were converting people from schism and heresy: 410:, and the study of the human form. Firmly committed to carrying out the decrees of the 6185: 6127: 6021: 5846: 5640: 5615: 5579: 5519: 5512: 5507: 5497: 5351: 5336: 5275: 5151: 5141: 4897: 4776: 4732: 4714: 4683: 4677: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4489: 4419: 4353: 4303: 4293: 4273: 4248: 4193: 4188: 4158: 4133: 4062: 4047: 4032: 3967: 3912: 3902: 3877: 3762: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3636: 3621: 3556: 3521: 3491: 3461: 3456: 3441: 3375: 3350: 3325: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3295: 3215: 3205: 3087: 3009: 2920: 2521:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus, Volumen 1. Mechlin: P. J. Hanicq. pp. 388–422. 2441:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus, Volumen 1. Mechlin: P. J. Hanicq. pp. 125–127. 1427: 1372: 1080: 1074: 972:, which he had ordered constructed. He also ordered the modernization of the harbor of 623: 556: 482: 448: 376: 282: 62: 2063:. Vol. Tomus primus (recentior, auctior, et emendatoir ed.). pp. 29–34. 1683:(in Latin) (novissima ed.). Venice: Jacobus Caroboli et Dominicus Pompeati. 1765. 6149: 5905: 5831: 5797: 5781: 5741: 5424: 5399: 5175: 5085: 5070: 4992: 4524: 4504: 4479: 4348: 4313: 4288: 4243: 4223: 4148: 4143: 4123: 3997: 3932: 3892: 3872: 3862: 3767: 3676: 3631: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3526: 3506: 3496: 3471: 3431: 3380: 3370: 3365: 3345: 3300: 3260: 3245: 3225: 3167: 3125: 2632: 2262: 1634: 1467: 1114: 782: 709:

in the Papal Curia. His death on 29 February 1740 eliminated him from consideration.

647:. During his time as archbishop, he composed an extensive treatise in three volumes, 526: 50: 579:(Papal Maestro di Camera). In 1725, he served as the Canonist at the Roman Synod of 327: 6139: 6015: 5890: 5746: 5710: 5449: 5371: 5215: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4939: 4738: 4554: 4534: 4519: 4499: 4484: 4474: 4333: 4328: 4268: 4263: 4213: 3897: 3842: 3837: 3792: 3782: 3681: 3656: 3626: 3561: 3481: 3406: 3320: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3235: 2718:. Vol. VII. New York: Catholic Publication Society of America. pp. 35–36. 1599:(in Italian). Vol. Tomo decimoquarto (14). Roma: Francesco Bourlie. p. 4. 1479: 1230: 1210: 1203: 530: 470: 400: 340: 247: 127: 2036:

Briefe Benedikts XIV an den Canonicus Pier Francesco Peggio in Bologna (1729–1758)

1536: 1229:, but was never built, as the plans were quietly ignored by Benedict's successor, 4800: 2963: 2914: 2855: 2793: 2772: 2713: 2534: 2459:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus quartus. Rome: Bartholomaeus Occhi. pp. 175–193. 2454: 2393: 2349: 2323: 2267: 2247: 2157: 2058: 2019: 1935: 1895: 1870: 1678: 1604: 575:(Vicar of the Vatican Basilica), and Nicola Maria Lercari, titular Archbishop of 414:

and authentic Catholic teaching, Benedict removed changes previously made to the

5816: 5645: 5620: 5595: 5568: 5555: 5464: 5366: 5053: 4509: 4389: 4384: 4338: 3962: 3827: 3822: 3727: 3666: 3611: 3601: 3596: 3466: 3290: 3240: 3195: 1858:. Vol. Tomus VI (1730–1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. p. 126. 1308: 1262: 1008: 856: 754: 716:

received a respectable number of votes for a while, and then, in July, Cardinal

603: 522: 117: 6098: 6059: 3079: 1901:(in Italian). Vol. Tomo primo. Venezia: Francesco Pitteri. pp. 32–38. 1714:. Vol. Tomus V (1667–1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. p. 375. 5600: 5185: 4623: 4298: 3817: 3802: 3616: 3591: 3426: 3330: 3250: 3200: 3142: 1940:. Vol. VII. New York: Catholic Publication Society of America. p. 4. 1439: 1355: 1335: 1286: 1171: 860: 427: 207: 2018:

Cicognani, Amleto Giovanni; O'Hara, Joseph Michael; Brennan, Francis (1934).

2004: 1991: 1640: 6110: 3360: 2745: 2633:

Benedict XIV, "Peregrinantes" (Proclaiming a Holy Year for 1750), 5 May 1749

1596:

Elementi della storia de'sommi pontefici da San Pietro, sino al Pio papa VII

1360: 1328: 1324: 1051: 937: 913: 868: 576: 541: 17: 1291:

and revealed that name at a later time, therefore validating the creation.

2249:

Bullarium Sanctissimi Domini Nostri Benedicti Pape Benedicti XIV Bullarium

2162:(in German). Vol. Zweiter Band. Gotha: F. A. Perthes. pp. 93–96. 2060:

Bullarium Sanctissimi Domini Nostri Benedicti Pape Benedicti XIV Bullarium

1353:

Upon the advice of Saint Leonard, the pope was the first to institute the

1209:

During his papacy, Benedict XIV commissioned a team of architects, led by

5414: 5168: 5156: 3162: 2691:"Pope Benedict XIV: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election" 2298:

That They be One: The Social Teaching of the Papal Encyclicals, 1740–1989

1823:(in Italian). Vol. settimo. Venezia: G. Antonelli. pp. 131–138. 1503: 1461: 901: 805: 690: 423: 415: 2813: 2145:(in German). Vol. Erster Theil. pp. 131–133, 191–196, 212–213. 2047:

Ludwig von Pastor, Vol. 36, pp. 140–142, attempts a defense of Benedict.

1780:

De Bononiensi Scientiarum Et Artium Instituto Atque Academia Commentarii

1738: 1079:, which summarised and restated certain aspects of Catholic teaching on 525:. The second was the composition of his treatise on the process of the 5671: 5285: 4907: 2662:. Vol. 25. Philadelphia: Hardy and Mahony. 1900. pp. 240–252. 2354:(in Italian). Rome: Tipografia delle belle arti. pp. 82–83, 86–87. 1234: 1222: 1183: 992: 933: 921: 917: 897: 738: 694: 466: 407: 243: 30:"Benedict XIV" redirects here. For the name used by two antipopes, see 2986:. Vol. Dritter Band. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke. pp. 503–510. 1395: 1380:– admirable at a distance but monstrous when seen at close quarters!" 5280: 5190: 5095: 2826:

Fattori, Maria Teresa (2007). "Lambertini a Bologna, 1731–1740", in:

2795:

Prospero Lambertini (Benedetto XIV): un profilo attraverso le lettere

1423: 1158:

He had a very active papacy, reforming the education of priests, the

976:, but the work was so expensive that it had to be abandoned in 1752. 909: 905: 801: 797: 758: 713: 2964:"Cattolicesimo e "lumi": la condanna romana dell' "Esprit des lois"" 2881:

Macé, L. (1998). "Les premières censures romaines de Voltaire," in:

2860:. Monumenta Serica Monograph Series, 33. Nettethal: Steyler Verlag. 2272:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus. Venice: Occhi. pp. 301–306. 2916:

Il cardinale Lambertini (Benedetto XIV) fra la leggenda e la storia

2895:

Benedict XIV and the Enlightenment: Art, Science, and Spirituality

2777:(seconda ed.). Friburg im Breisgau: J.C.B. Mohr (P. Siebeck). 1419: 1394: 1191: 1187: 1141: 1093: 1033:

Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition

991: 973: 962: 776: 666: 515:

Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition

2395:

Papal Pronouncements, a Guide, 1740–1978: Benedict XIV to Paul VI

1299:

The pope canonized seven saints during his pontificate including

1061:, for beginning the catalogue of the oriental manuscripts in the 3110: 3061: 2892:

Messbarger, Rebecca; Johns, Christopher; Gavitt, Philip (2017).

2368:

Summa Theologiae: Volume 57, Baptism and Confirmation: 3a. 66–72

2269:

Bullarium Sanctissimi Domini Nostri Benedicti Pape Benedicti XIV

1408: 929: 572: 264: 5837:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

4804: 3083: 2225:. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag AG. pp. 377–378, 532–534. 1687:

De servorum Dei beatificatione et beatificatorum canonizatione

37:"Cardinal Lambertini" redirects here. Not to be confused with 2798:(in Italian). Citta del Vaticano: Archivio segreto Vaticano. 2565:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 143. 2206:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 210. 1820:

Le chiese d'Italia: dalla loro origine sino ai nostri giorni

1685:

The first edition was published in Bologna in four volumes:

2992:

Church, State and Society Under the Bourbon Kings of France

749:

to whom he owed his ecclesiastical career. He was solemnly

513:

in 1701. Shortly after, he was created a Consultor of the

2874:

Levillain, Philippe (General editor). "Benedict XIV," in:

2038:, zweite Ausgabe (Freiburg im Breisgau 1888), pp. 171–173. 501:

Lambertini became an assistant to Alessandro Caprara, the

5726:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

2838:

Studi e Memorie per la Storia dell' Università di Bologna

2351:

La Biblioteca Vaticana dalla sua origine fino al presente

2301:. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press. p. 7. 2126:. New Haven CT: Yale University Press. pp. 346–349. 1606:

Papi a Bologna e papi bolognesi: giubilei e pellegrinaggi

697:). The Conclave lasted for six months. At first Cardinal 2642:(in Spanish). Zaragoza: Francisco Moreno. pp. 4–12. 143:

Secretary of the Congregation of the Council (1718–1722)

2536:

Sanctissimi Domini nostri Benedicti papae XIV bullarium

2478:

The Vatican and the Emergence of the Modern Middle East

2456:

Sanctissimi domini nostri Benedicti Papae XIV Bullarium

2325:

La Biblioteca Vaticana, proprietà della Sede apostolica

1875:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus I. Ferrara: Joannes Manfre. 1057:

Benedict XIV was also responsible, along with Cardinal

1035:

the responsibility of safeguarding the sanctity of the

761:

and the triumphal arch of Benedict XIV were erected by

606:

monastery of S. Stefano di Cintorio (Cemeterio) in the

2857:

The Chinese rites controversy: its history and meaning

563:. Lambertini was consecrated a bishop in Rome, in the 6075: 5757:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

2328:(in Italian). Rome: Tipografia Vaticana. p. 118. 741:

of his time. Cardinal Aldrovandi was a canon lawyer.

685:

on 6 February 1740, Cardinal Lambertini attended the

639:

On 30 April 1731, Cardinal Lambertini was appointed

551:

On 12 June 1724, only two weeks after his election,

5941: 5807: 5734: 5669: 5553: 5488: 5390: 5312: 5214: 5203: 5126: 4986: 4975: 4842: 4693: 4633: 4572: 4563: 4377: 4091: 3690: 3394: 3188: 1307:. He also beatified several individuals, including 945:Vatican lightnings asleep." Its application to the 842:, which was Benedict's revision of the traditional 362: 354: 346: 334: 312: 289: 271: 254: 225: 220: 200: 187: 176: 171: 133: 123: 113: 105: 97: 87: 48: 2814:"Il 'pastorale governo' del cardinale Lambertini," 2453:Benedictus XIV (1758). Hieronymus Mainardi (ed.). 1003:On 22 December 1741, Benedict XIV issued the Bull 655:of 14 October 1732. When the first edition of the 477:. At the age of thirteen, he began attending the 2968:Riformatori e ribelli nel '700 religioso italiano 1345:in 1750. Furthermore, the pope called upon Saint 1198:,' or if it was something more like the Catholic 140:Assessor of the Congregation of Rites (1712–1713) 5827:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 2848:Philosopher King: The Humanist Pope Benedict XIV 2731:Philosopher King: The Humanist Pope Benedict XIV 1649:. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company 6181:18th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops 2653:Kunst, Richard. "Benedict XIV", Papal Artifacts 2203:Chapters of Brazil's Colonial History 1500–1800 1050:of Poland without due cause or in violation of 2946:(1740–I758). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 2935:(1740–I758). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 2655:James A. Campbell, "The Year of Jubilee," in: 2107:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 366, 369. 2090:. London: John Hatchard. pp. 9–10, 17–18. 403:from 17 August 1740 to his death in May 1758. 4816: 3095: 2771:Pope Benedict XIV (1888). F. X. Kraus (ed.). 1609:(in Italian). Bologna: HitStudio. p. 28. 156:Cardinal-Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme 27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1740 to 1758 8: 2994:. (Lawrence, Kansas 1982), pp. 284–326. 2005:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Vincent Louis Gotti" 1852:Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). 1708:Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). 1323:On 5 May 1749, Pope Benedict XIV declared a 1283:(1747). The pope also reserved one cardinal 1130:Benedict XIV, however, echoing the words of 2898:. Toronto CA: University of Toronto Press. 2830:, Vol. 61, No. 2 (2007), pp. 417–461. 2371:. Cambridge University Press. p. 112. 1855:Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi 1793:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1711:Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi 1284: 465:Lambertini was born into a noble family of 275: 205: 5842:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 5792:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 5211: 5200: 4983: 4823: 4809: 4801: 4569: 3102: 3088: 3080: 3016: 2712:Artaud de Montor, Alexis Francois (1911). 2589: 2587: 1934:Artaud de Montor, Alexis Francois (1911). 1887:chiesa. Quando uscì la prima edizione del 1434:Following his funeral, he was interred in 309: 293: 146:Titular Archbishop of Teodosia (1724–1727) 69: 45: 2685: 2683: 2681: 1537:"Pope Benedict XIV (Prospero Lambertini)" 1253:, under the leadership of Italian priest 391:; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born 2828:Rivista di storia della Chiesa in Italia 2481:. Washington DC: CUA Press. p. 93. 1225:'. The palace was to be built south of 430:, and his devotion to art and theology. 6082: 2850:London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1970. 1783:(in Latin). Laelii A Vulpe. p. 24. 1603:Mario Fanti; Giancarlo Roversi (1999). 1528: 1492: 1072:In 1747, Benedict promulgated the bull 800:about governmental demands to nominate 632:on 10 May 1728. He participated in the 588:Istituto delle scienze ed Arti Liberali 2659:The American Catholic Quarterly Review 1988:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church 1786: 6176:Roman Catholic archbishops of Bologna 2883:Revue d'histoire littéraire de France 2792:De Angelis, Maria Antonietta (2008). 2744:John Paul Adams (29 September 2015). 2562:Queen of the Sea: A History of Lisbon 2293:marriages were publicly celebrated." 1807:Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 83 with note 3. 1233:. They were brought up once more by 1146:Benedict XIV presents his encyclical 493:(both ecclesiastical and civil law). 7: 3039:30 April 1731 – 17 August 1740 2733:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1567:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani 728:, chose instead to support Cardinal 5696:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 2878:Volume I. New York: Routledge 2002. 1922:Histoire diplomatique des Conclaves 1911:Ritzler-Sefrin, VI, p. 126, note 2. 5251:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 2581:New York: Harper & Row, 1982. 1580:Benedict XIV and the Enlightenment 996:Benedict XIV in 1741, portrait by 546:Sacred Congregation of the Council 25: 3066:17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758 2876:The papacy : an encyclopedia 2785:. Milano: Vita e Pensiero: 1931. 2200:João Capistrano de Abreu (1998). 2139:Johann Friedrich Le Bret (1769). 2104:The Popes and European Revolution 1502:(1058–1059) is now considered an 1457:Cardinals created by Benedict XIV 1275:Cardinals created by Benedict XIV 285:for 'All will be healed') 6133: 6121: 6109: 6097: 6085: 6058: 6046: 5377:Fourth Council of Constantinople 5332:Second Council of Constantinople 4782: 4771: 4770: 2885:(Paris 1998), pp. 531–551. 2715:The Lives and Times of the Popes 1992:"Gotti, O.P., Vincenzo Ludovico" 1937:The Lives and Times of the Popes 1643:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 1628: 1295:Canonizations and beatifications 703:Dean of the College of Cardinals 618:Bishop Lambertini was created a 509:in November 1700, he was made a 326: 6201:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica 5347:Third Council of Constantinople 5271:First Council of Constantinople 1950:Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 16 no. 1. 1885:Fattori, p. 444, with note 86: 1246:, the Jesuit church in Lisbon. 544:; and in 1718 secretary of the 104: 96: 5586:Dissolution of the monasteries 4852:History of the Catholic Church 2295:Michael Joseph Schuck (1991). 2219:Pius Onyemechi Adiele (2017). 1767:(Roma 1978), pp. 144–146, 209. 1727:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 1138:Chinese rites and Indian rites 1044:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1: 5460:Fourth Council of the Lateran 5435:Second Council of the Lateran 5044:Apostles in the New Testament 2913:Montanari, Francesco (1943). 2549:Pastor, Vol. 35, pp. 433–458. 2523:Pastor, Vol. 35, pp. 433–460. 2365:Cunningham, James J. (2006). 2159:Geschichte des Kirchenstaates 1966:. A&C Black. p. 21. 1920:F. Petruccelli della Gattina 1833:Ritzler-Sefrin, p. 37 no. 18. 1817:Giuseppe Cappelletti (1848). 712:Cardinal Domenico Riviera of 150:Archbishop of Ancona e Numana 5574:Catholic Counter-Reformation 5440:Third Council of the Lateran 5430:First Council of the Lateran 4886:Catholic ecumenical councils 2840:VI (1921), pp. 57–103. 2636:Juan Facundo Raulin (1751). 2599:Union of Catholic Asian News 2398:. Pierian Press. p. 6. 1994:; Retrieved 7 February 2011. 1924:IV (Paris 1866) pp. 108–133. 1894:Prospero Lambertini (1760). 1154:, later the Duc de Choiseul. 840:Pastoralis Romani Pontificis 833:Pastoralis Romani Pontificis 671:Cardinal Lambertini c. 1740. 538:Sacred Congregation of Rites 2970:(in Italian). Bari: Dedalo. 2944:Volume XXXVI. Benedict XIV. 2938:Pastor, Ludwig von (1961). 2927:Pastor, Ludwig von (1949). 2854:Mungello, David E. (1994). 2820:9 (1959), pp. 61–119. 1765:Il concilio romano del 1725 1667:Pastor, Vol. 35, pp. 24–25. 1593:Giuseppe de Novaes (1822). 1442:was erected in his honour. 1239:Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi 1150:to the Comte de Stainville 838:The apostolic constitution 393:Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini 303:Other popes named Benedict 230:Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini 6217: 4920:History of the Roman Curia 3005:Pope Benedict XIV Portrait 2980:"190. Prospero Lambertini" 2933:Volume XXXV. Benedict XIV. 1963:Pocket Dictionary of Popes 1960:Walsh, Michael J. (2006). 1869:Pope Benedict XIV (1760). 1569:(in Italian). Vol. 8. 1473:Suppression of the Jesuits 1341:, Benedict XIV convoked a 1272: 1005:Immensa Pastorum Principis 674: 629:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme 569:Giovanni Francesco Nicolai 422:. He can be considered a 36: 29: 6041: 5656:European wars of religion 4967:Eastern Catholic Churches 4766: 3121: 3068: 3059: 3051: 3041: 3032: 3026: 3019: 2976:Schulte, Johann Friedrich 2818:Strenna Storica Bolognese 2693:. Pickle Publishing. 2005 2348:Domenico Zanelli (1857). 2120:Dale K. Van Kley (2018). 1166:of his famous laws about 1059:Domenico Silvio Passionei 561:Theodosiopolis in Arcadia 505:. After the election of 487:Doctor of Sacred Theology 325: 301: 68: 61: 5787:Mary of the Divine Heart 5410:Clash against the empire 5362:Second Council of Nicaea 5256:Old St. Peter's Basilica 2940:The History of the Popes 2929:The History of the Popes 2781:Bettanini, A.M. (1931). 2475:Agnes de Dreuzy (2016). 2392:Carlen, Claudia (1990). 2172:Pastor, Vol. 35, p. 141. 1601:Pastor, Vol. 35, p. 23. 1413:Sic transit gloria mundi 1257:, grew the community of 1200:veneration of the saints 1031:of 1741 assigned to the 1028:Sacramentum Poenitentiae 781:Bust of Benedict XIV by 593:Marcantonio Franceschini 571:, titular Archbishop of 437:. He expelled them from 214:30 April 1728 (revealed) 76:Portrait of Benedict XIV 6053:Vatican City portal 5405:Investiture Controversy 5261:First Council of Nicaea 4584:During the Roman Empire 2955:. Paris: J. Vrin 1963. 2949:Raybaud, L.-P. (1963). 2533:Benedictus XIV (1826). 2515:Benedictus XIV (1826). 2435:Benedictus XIV (1826). 2322:Isidoro Carini (1893). 1639:Healy, Patrick (1907). 1619:Pastor, Vol. 35, p. 24. 1347:Leonard of Port Maurice 1221:Vanvitelli designed in 735:Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti 540:; in 1713 he was named 6065:Catholicism portal 5876:Second Vatican Council 5762:Our Lady of La Salette 5569:Protestant Reformation 5556:Protestant Reformation 5475:Second Council of Lyon 4864:Ecclesiastical history 4789:Catholic Church Portal 4649:Conflicts with the HRE 3021:Catholic Church titles 2919:(in Italian). Torino: 2846:Haynes, Renée (1970). 2729:Haynes, Renée (1970). 2156:Moritz Brosch (1882). 2101:Owen Chadwick (1980). 2057:Benoît, X.I.V (1777). 1842:Ritzler-Sefrin, p. 45. 1452:Apostolicae Servitutis 1436:Saint Peter's Basilica 1404: 1399:Tomb of Benedict XIV, 1305:Fidelis of Sigmaringen 1285: 1255:Giuseppe Maria Bernini 1155: 1128: 1024:Apostolic constitution 1000: 942: 789: 672: 663:Election to the papacy 491:Doctor Utriusque Juris 388: 380: 276: 206: 39:Egano Righi-Lambertini 5772:First Vatican Council 5470:First Council of Lyon 5234:Constantine the Great 4930:Christian monasticism 4565:History of the papacy 3035:Archbishop of Bologna 2579:Guide to Baroque Rome 2559:Barry Hatton (2018). 2266:Benedict XIV (1777). 2246:Benedict XIV (1777). 1757:Enciclopedia dei Papi 1689:, Bononiae 1734–1738. 1646:Catholic Encyclopedia 1563:"Benedetto XIV, papa" 1398: 1281:Henry Benedict Stuart 1180:Omnium sollicitudinum 1145: 1123: 1048:Ecclesiastical Courts 995: 981:University of Bologna 873: 808:'s disputes with the 780: 763:Charles VII of Naples 730:Giacomo de Lanfredini 670: 641:Archbishop of Bologna 555:appointed Lambertini 519:Promoter of the Faith 511:consistorial advocate 497:Ecclesiastical career 162:Archbishop of Bologna 32:Antipope Benedict XIV 5949:Sexual abuse scandal 5858:Mit brennender Sorge 5701:Age of Enlightenment 5480:Bernard of Clairvaux 5357:Byzantine Iconoclasm 5296:Council of Chalcedon 5076:Council of Jerusalem 4945:Role in civilization 4925:Religious institutes 4857:By country or region 4727:Revolutionary Papacy 4721:Age of Enlightenment 2962:Rosa, Mario (1969). 2595:"Diocese of Bettiah" 1561:Rosa, Mario (1966). 1401:St. Peter's Basilica 1227:St. Peter's Basilica 1178:(11 July 1742), and 1037:sacrament of penance 769:and a papal vassal. 677:Papal conclave, 1740 649:De synodo dioecesana 5777:Papal infallibility 5767:Our Lady of Lourdes 5716:Shimabara Rebellion 5560:Counter-Reformation 4574:Antiquity and Early 4378:17th–21st centuries 4092:13th–16th centuries 2746:"Sede Vacante 1758" 2084:G.E. Biber (1848). 1733:: 433–453, at 439. 1676:Pastor, pp. 25–26. 1641:"Pope Benedict XIV" 1244:Igreja de São Roque 1099:Quemadmodum ingenti 681:After the death of 517:, and then in 1708 503:Auditor of the Rota 479:Collegio Clementino 6191:18th-century popes 5822:Our Lady of Fátima 5611:Ignatius of Loyola 5535:Catherine of Siena 5503:Pope Boniface VIII 5322:Benedict of Nursia 5291:Council of Ephesus 5128:Ante-Nicene period 5081:Split with Judaism 4915:Crusading movement 4709:Reformation Papacy 4703:Renaissance Papacy 4645:(1012–1044 / 1048) 4598:Ostrogothic Papacy 3691:9th–12th centuries 3029:Jacopo Boncompagni 2812:Fanti, M. (1959). 2673:The Dublin Gazette 1986:Salvador Miranda, 1405: 1301:Camillus de Lellis 1259:Bettiah Christians 1160:calendar of feasts 1156: 1111:de propaganda fide 1105:In his encyclical 1017:John V of Portugal 1011:to the Bishops of 1001: 896:, Massa Trebaria, 884:, the Counties of 790: 787:Museum of Grenoble 747:Pope Benedict XIII 718:Pompeio Aldrovandi 673: 581:Pope Benedict XIII 553:Pope Benedict XIII 395:, was head of the 182:Pope Benedict XIII 6196:Canon law jurists 6156:Pope Benedict XIV 6073: 6072: 6033:COVID-19 pandemic 6011:Pope Benedict XVI 5916:Pope John Paul II 5691:Pope Benedict XIV 5677:French Revolution 5661:Thirty Years' War 5651:Robert Bellarmine 5636:John of the Cross 5540:Pope Alexander VI 5525:Council of Vienne 5455:Francis of Assisi 5445:Pope Innocent III 5314:Early Middle Ages 5308: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5246:Arian controversy 5199: 5198: 5147:Apostolic Fathers 4798: 4797: 4762: 4761: 4654:Wandering Papacy 4617:Saeculum obscurum 4590:Under Constantine 3395:5th–8th centuries 3189:1st–4th centuries 3173:papal resignation 3078: 3077: 3069:Succeeded by 3045:Vincenzo Malvezzi 3042:Succeeded by 2905:978-1-4426-2475-7 2867:978-3-8050-0348-3 2805:978-88-85042-59-9 2572:978-1-84904-997-9 2488:978-0-8132-2849-5 2308:978-0-87840-489-6 2232:978-3-487-42216-9 2213:978-0-19-510302-1 2133:978-0-300-23561-6 2114:978-0-19-152054-9 1759:(Treccani 2000). 1541:www.gcatholic.org 1378:Piazza San Pietro 1350:flocked to Rome. 1313:Niccolò Albergati 1094:Coptic Christians 951:Pope Clement XIII 926:Citta di Castello 878:Kingdom of Sicily 810:Kingdom of Naples 461:Birth and studies 441:at the behest of 399:and ruler of the 373:Pope Benedict XIV 370: 369: 319:Pope Benedict XIV 308: 307: 204:9 December 1726 ( 16:(Redirected from 6208: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6114: 6113: 6102: 6101: 6090: 6089: 6088: 6081: 6063: 6062: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6028:Patriarch Kirill 5901:Pope John Paul I 5706:Anti-clericalism 5686:Pope Innocent XI 5606:Society of Jesus 5591:Council of Trent 5545:Age of Discovery 5490:Late Middle Ages 5392:High Middle Ages 5382:East–West Schism 5266:Pope Sylvester I 5212: 5201: 5111:General epistles 5106:Pauline epistles 5039:John the Baptist 5022:Great Commission 4984: 4935:Catholic culture 4825: 4818: 4811: 4802: 4786: 4774: 4773: 4694:Early Modern and 4604:Byzantine Papacy 4570: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3081: 3052:Preceded by 3027:Preceded by 3017: 2987: 2971: 2958: 2924: 2909: 2888: 2871: 2843: 2833: 2823: 2809: 2788: 2778: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2687: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2591: 2582: 2576: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2530: 2524: 2522: 2512: 2506: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2450: 2444: 2442: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2217: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2182: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2137: 2118: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2081: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2054: 2048: 2045: 2039: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1995: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1931: 1925: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1849: 1843: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1814: 1808: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1792: 1784: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1753:"Benedetto XIV," 1749: 1743: 1742: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1705: 1699: 1698:Schulte, p. 503. 1696: 1690: 1684: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1600: 1589: 1583: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1533: 1511: 1497: 1391:Death and burial 1290: 1215:Luigi Vanvitelli 1196:ancestor worship 1176:Ex quo singulari 1152:Étienne François 988:Other activities 882:Duchy of Spoleto 849:anathematization 683:Pope Clement XII 645:Pope Clement XII 600:Bishop of Ancona 565:Cappella Paolina 475:Somaschi Fathers 435:Society of Jesus 412:Council of Trent 363:Posthumous style 330: 320: 315: 310: 297: 279: 277:Curabuntur omnes 261: 239: 237: 221:Personal details 216:by Benedict XIII 211: 201:Created cardinal 134:Previous post(s) 80:Pierre Subleyras 73: 46: 21: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6205: 6146: 6145: 6144: 6134: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6108: 6096: 6086: 6084: 6076: 6074: 6069: 6057: 6047: 6045: 6037: 5959:World Youth Day 5937: 5926:World Youth Day 5870:Pacem in terris 5864:Pope John XXIII 5803: 5730: 5721:Edict of Nantes 5679: 5675: 5665: 5631:Teresa of Ávila 5626:Tridentine Mass 5562: 5558: 5549: 5530:Knights Templar 5484: 5386: 5342:Gregorian chant 5300: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5207: 5195: 5122: 4991: 4979: 4971: 4838: 4836:Catholic Church 4829: 4799: 4794: 4758: 4741:(1929–present) 4695: 4689: 4643:Tusculan Papacy 4635: 4629: 4610:Frankish Papacy 4575: 4559: 4373: 4087: 3686: 3390: 3184: 3117: 3115:Catholic Church 3108: 3074: 3065: 3057: 3047: 3038: 3030: 3001: 2974: 2961: 2956: 2912: 2906: 2891: 2886: 2868: 2853: 2841: 2831: 2821: 2806: 2791: 2786: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2593: 2592: 2585: 2577:Anthony Blunt, 2573: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2474: 2468: 2464: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2443:Pastor, p. 404. 2434: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2338:Carini, p. 114. 2337: 2333: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2309: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2281: 2277: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2218: 2214: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2190:Pastor, p. 154. 2189: 2185: 2181:Pastor, p. 142. 2180: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2138: 2134: 2119: 2115: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2068: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2033: 2029: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1985: 1981: 1974: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1893: 1884: 1880: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1785: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1760: 1750: 1746: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1638: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1574: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1545: 1543: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1514: 1500:Pope Benedict X 1498: 1494: 1489: 1448: 1431:died on 3 May. 1422:aggravated his 1393: 1369: 1321: 1297: 1277: 1271: 1219:box of a palace 1140: 1132:Pope Gelasius I 1089: 1077:superioris anni 1063:Vatican Library 1009:Apostolic Brief 990: 959: 894:March of Ancona 845:In Coena Domini 836: 796:rulers and the 775: 726:Annibale Albani 699:Pietro Ottoboni 679: 665: 616: 608:diocese of Pisa 507:Pope Clement XI 499: 463: 458: 420:Vatican Museums 397:Catholic Church 355:Religious style 336:Reference style 318: 316: 314:Papal styles of 313: 280: 263: 259: 250: 241: 235: 233: 232: 231: 215: 213: 192: 180:2 July 1724 by 167: 92:Catholic Church 83: 57: 54: 53: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6214: 6212: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6130: 6118: 6106: 6094: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6055: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5956: 5951: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5847:Lateran Treaty 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5813: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5672:Baroque period 5670: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5641:Peter Canisius 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5616:Francis Xavier 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5580:Exsurge Domine 5576: 5571: 5565: 5563: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5520:Pope Clement V 5517: 5516: 5515: 5513:Avignon Papacy 5508:Western Schism 5505: 5500: 5498:Thomas Aquinas 5494: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5352:Saint Boniface 5349: 5344: 5339: 5337:Pope Gregory I 5334: 5329: 5324: 5318: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5276:Biblical canon 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5230: 5228: 5209: 5205:Late antiquity 5197: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5152:Pope Clement I 5142:Church Fathers 5139: 5133: 5131: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 4998: 4996: 4981: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4903:Biblical canon 4898:Catholic Bible 4895: 4894: 4893: 4883: 4882: 4881: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4860: 4859: 4848: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4820: 4813: 4805: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4780: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4754: 4748: 4736: 4733:Roman Question 4730: 4724: 4723:(c. 1640–1740) 4718: 4715:Baroque Papacy 4712: 4706: 4699: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4684:Western Schism 4681: 4678:Avignon Papacy 4675: 4674: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4652: 4646: 4639: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4624:Crescentii era 4621: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4593: 4580: 4578: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4430:Alexander VIII 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3813:Anastasius III 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 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2736: 2721: 2704: 2677: 2665: 2645: 2625: 2611: 2583: 2571: 2551: 2542: 2525: 2507: 2501:Benedict XIV, 2494: 2487: 2469:Benedict XIV, 2462: 2445: 2427: 2418: 2405:978-0876502730 2404: 2384: 2378:978-0521029650 2377: 2357: 2340: 2331: 2314: 2307: 2285: 2275: 2255: 2238: 2231: 2212: 2192: 2183: 2174: 2165: 2148: 2132: 2113: 2093: 2076: 2066: 2049: 2040: 2027: 2024:. p. 401. 2010: 1996: 1979: 1973:978-0860124207 1972: 1952: 1943: 1926: 1913: 1904: 1878: 1861: 1844: 1835: 1826: 1809: 1800: 1769: 1744: 1717: 1700: 1691: 1669: 1660: 1621: 1612: 1584: 1572: 1553: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1459: 1454: 1447: 1444: 1428:kidney disease 1392: 1389: 1373:Horace Walpole 1368: 1365: 1320: 1317: 1296: 1293: 1273:Main article: 1270: 1267: 1139: 1136: 1088: 1087:Oriental rites 1085: 1081:infant baptism 1075:Postremo mense 1067:Filippo Stosch 989: 986: 958: 955: 947:Duchy of Parma 835: 830: 828:were settled. 774: 771: 767:King of Naples 687:papal conclave 675:Main article: 664: 661: 624:titular church 615: 612: 557:titular bishop 498: 495: 483:Thomas Aquinas 462: 459: 457: 454: 449:Horace Walpole 381:Benedictus XIV 368: 367: 364: 360: 359: 356: 352: 351: 348: 344: 343: 338: 332: 331: 323: 322: 306: 305: 299: 298: 291: 287: 286: 273: 269: 268: 267:, Papal States 262:(aged 83) 256: 252: 251: 242: 229: 227: 223: 222: 218: 217: 202: 198: 197: 189: 185: 184: 178: 174: 173: 169: 168: 166: 165: 159: 153: 147: 144: 141: 137: 135: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 101:17 August 1740 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 74: 66: 65: 63:Bishop of Rome 59: 58: 55: 49: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6213: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6161:Italian popes 6159: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6141: 6131: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6093: 6083: 6079: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6054: 6044: 6043: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5940: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5906:Mother Teresa 5904: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5832:Pope Pius XII 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5798:Rerum novarum 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5782:Pope Leo XIII 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5752:United States 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5742:Pope Pius VII 5740: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5425:Scholasticism 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5400:Pope Urban II 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5176:Justin Martyr 5174: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5086:New Testament 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5049:Commissioning 5047: 5046: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4993:Apostolic Age 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4884: 4880: 4879:Papal primacy 4877: 4876: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4814: 4812: 4807: 4806: 4803: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4769: 4768: 4765: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4692: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4634:High and Late 4632: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4450:Benedict XIII 4448: 4446: 4445:Innocent XIII 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4410:Alexander VII 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4279:Innocent VIII 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4259:Callixtus III 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4179:Boniface VIII 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4078:Celestine III 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4053:Alexander III 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4043:Anastasius IV 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3943:Sylvester III 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3928:Benedict VIII 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3452:Anastasius II 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3168:Pope emeritus 3166: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3126:List of popes 3124: 3123: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3091: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3073: 3064: 3063: 3056: 3050: 3046: 3037: 3036: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2859: 2858: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2747: 2740: 2737: 2732: 2725: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2708: 2705: 2692: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2666: 2661: 2660: 2654: 2649: 2646: 2641: 2640: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2538: 2537: 2529: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2431: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2407: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2352: 2344: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2318: 2315: 2310: 2304: 2300: 2299: 2289: 2286: 2279: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2264: 2259: 2256: 2251: 2250: 2242: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2215: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2196: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2178: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2152: 2149: 2144: 2143: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2116: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2097: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2080: 2077: 2070: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2014: 2011: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1983: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1956: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1900: 1899: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1874: 1873: 1865: 1862: 1857: 1856: 1848: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1821: 1813: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1796: 1790: 1782: 1781: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1721: 1718: 1713: 1712: 1704: 1701: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1636: 1635:public domain 1625: 1622: 1616: 1613: 1608: 1607: 1598: 1597: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1557: 1554: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1522: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1468:List of popes 1466: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1402: 1397: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1374: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1339:Peregrinantes 1337: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1282: 1276: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 999: 994: 987: 985: 982: 977: 975: 971: 966: 964: 956: 954: 952: 948: 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 847: 846: 841: 834: 831: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 788: 784: 783:Pietro Bracci 779: 772: 770: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 742: 740: 736: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 678: 669: 662: 660: 658: 654: 653:Notificazione 650: 646: 642: 637: 635: 634:1730 conclave 631: 630: 625: 621: 613: 611: 609: 605: 601: 596: 594: 589: 586:In 1718, the 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 549: 547: 543: 539: 534: 532: 528: 527:beatification 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 496: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 460: 455: 453: 450: 446: 444: 440: 436: 431: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 389:Benedetto XIV 386: 382: 378: 374: 365: 361: 357: 353: 350:Your Holiness 349: 345: 342: 339: 337: 333: 329: 324: 321: 311: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 278: 274: 270: 266: 257: 253: 249: 245: 240:31 March 1675 228: 224: 219: 210: 209: 203: 199: 196: 195:Benedict XIII 190: 186: 183: 179: 175: 170: 163: 160: 157: 154: 151: 148: 145: 142: 139: 138: 136: 132: 129: 126: 122: 119: 116: 112: 108: 100: 93: 90: 86: 81: 77: 72: 67: 64: 60: 52: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6116:Christianity 6020: 6016:Pope Francis 5942:21st century 5891:Pope Paul VI 5868: 5856: 5809:20th century 5796: 5747:Pope Pius IX 5735:19th century 5711:Pope Pius VI 5690: 5578: 5450:Latin Empire 5420:Universities 5372:Pope Leo III 5239:Christianity 5224:state church 5216:Great Church 5017:Resurrection 4980:(30–325/476) 4977:Early Church 4962:Latin Church 4957:Papal States 4952:Vatican City 4787: 4775: 4745:World War II 4739:Vatican City 4615: 4586:(until 493) 4550:Benedict XVI 4545:John Paul II 4465:Clement XIII 4460:Benedict XIV 4459: 4435:Innocent XII 4369:Clement VIII 4344:Gregory XIII 4324:Marcellus II 4284:Alexander VI 4234:Innocent VII 4199:Benedict XII 4154:Nicholas III 4119:Alexander IV 4109:Celestine IV 4099:Honorius III 4083:Innocent III 4068:Gregory VIII 4028:Celestine II 4013:Callixtus II 3983:Alexander II 3908:Sylvester II 3888:Benedict VII 3848:Stephen VIII 3733:Benedict III 3587:Adeodatus II 3532:Boniface III 3386:Anastasius I 3072:Clement XIII 3060: 3033: 3008: 2991: 2983: 2967: 2951: 2939: 2928: 2915: 2894: 2882: 2875: 2856: 2847: 2842:(in Italian) 2837: 2832:(in Italian) 2827: 2822:(in Italian) 2817: 2794: 2787:(in Italian) 2782: 2773: 2765:Bibliography 2750:. Retrieved 2739: 2730: 2724: 2714: 2707: 2695:. Retrieved 2672: 2668: 2658: 2648: 2638: 2628: 2614: 2602:. Retrieved 2578: 2561: 2554: 2545: 2535: 2528: 2517: 2510: 2503:Allatae sunt 2502: 2497: 2477: 2471:Allatae sunt 2470: 2465: 2455: 2448: 2437: 2430: 2421: 2409:. Retrieved 2394: 2387: 2367: 2360: 2350: 2343: 2334: 2324: 2317: 2297: 2288: 2278: 2268: 2258: 2248: 2241: 2221: 2202: 2195: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2158: 2151: 2141: 2122: 2103: 2096: 2086: 2079: 2069: 2059: 2052: 2043: 2035: 2030: 2020: 2013: 1999: 1987: 1982: 1962: 1955: 1946: 1936: 1929: 1921: 1916: 1907: 1896: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1871: 1864: 1854: 1847: 1838: 1829: 1819: 1812: 1803: 1779: 1772: 1764: 1763:L. Fiorani, 1761:(in Italian) 1756: 1751:Mario Rosa, 1747: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1710: 1703: 1694: 1686: 1679: 1672: 1663: 1651:. Retrieved 1644: 1624: 1615: 1605: 1595: 1587: 1579: 1575: 1566: 1556: 1544:. Retrieved 1540: 1531: 1495: 1480:Vix pervenit 1478: 1438:and a large 1433: 1417: 1406: 1386: 1382: 1370: 1354: 1352: 1338: 1333: 1322: 1298: 1278: 1269:Consistories 1248: 1231:Clement XIII 1211:Nicola Salvi 1208: 1179: 1175: 1164:promulgation 1157: 1147: 1129: 1124: 1119:Syriac Rites 1110: 1107:Allatae Sunt 1106: 1104: 1098: 1090: 1073: 1071: 1056: 1041: 1026: 1021: 1007:and sent an 1004: 1002: 978: 969: 967: 960: 943: 874: 843: 839: 837: 832: 791: 743: 711: 680: 656: 652: 648: 638: 627: 617: 598:He was made 597: 587: 585: 550: 535: 531:canonization 500: 471:Papal States 464: 447: 432: 405: 401:Papal States 392: 372: 371: 347:Spoken style 341:His Holiness 317: 290:Coat of arms 260:(1758-05-03) 248:Papal States 191:16 July 1724 188:Consecration 128:Clement XIII 106:Papacy ended 98:Papacy began 75: 56:Benedict XIV 43: 18:Benedict XIV 6171:1758 deaths 6166:1675 births 6104:Catholicism 6022:Laudato si' 5817:Pope Pius X 5646:Philip Neri 5621:Pope Pius V 5596:Thomas More 5465:Inquisition 5367:Charlemagne 5327:Monasticism 5137:Persecution 5029:Holy Spirit 5012:Crucifixion 4891:First seven 4753:(1945–1991) 4747:(1939–1945) 4735:(1870–1929) 4729:(1775–1848) 4717:(1585–1689) 4711:(1534–1585) 4705:(1417–1534) 4686:(1378–1417) 4680:(1309–1378) 4672:, 1228–1304 4666:, 1262–1297 4660:, 1257–1281 4651:(1048–1257) 4636:Middle Ages 4576:Middle Ages 4540:John Paul I 4515:Benedict XV 4495:Gregory XVI 4470:Clement XIV 4455:Clement XII 4425:Innocent XI 4364:Innocent IX 4359:Gregory XIV 4309:Clement VII 4239:Gregory XII 4229:Boniface IX 4209:Innocent VI 4184:Benedict XI 4174:Celestine V 4169:Nicholas IV 4164:Honorius IV 4114:Innocent IV 4073:Clement III 4023:Innocent II 4018:Honorius II 4008:Gelasius II 3988:Gregory VII 3978:Nicholas II 3938:Benedict IX 3883:Benedict VI 3858:Agapetus II 3833:Stephen VII 3808:Sergius III 3798:Benedict IV 3788:Theodore II 3773:Boniface VI 3672:Stephen III 3652:Gregory III 3642:Constantine 3607:Benedict II 3542:Adeodatus I 3537:Boniface IV 3517:Pelagius II 3477:Boniface II 3417:Celestine I 3356:Sylvester I 3341:Marcellus I 3336:Marcellinus 3271:Callixtus I 3256:Eleutherius 3231:Telesphorus 3221:Alexander I 3143:Papal names 3055:Clement XII 2957:(in French) 2887:(in French) 2604:15 November 1653:3 September 1508:Benedict XI 1477:Encyclical 1367:Personality 1309:Charlemagne 1263:Bettiah Raj 1204:name of God 1170:in the two 853:promulgated 773:Pontificate 755:protodeacon 604:Camaldolese 533:of saints. 523:Pope Pius V 358:Holy Father 164:(1731–1754) 158:(1728–1740) 152:(1727–1731) 118:Clement XII 114:Predecessor 6150:Categories 5895:coronation 5601:Pope Leo X 5186:Tertullian 5116:Revelation 5091:Background 4696:Modern Era 4626:(974–1012) 4530:John XXIII 4440:Clement XI 4415:Clement IX 4405:Innocent X 4400:Urban VIII 4395:Gregory XV 4319:Julius III 4254:Nicholas V 4219:Gregory XI 4204:Clement VI 4139:Innocent V 4129:Clement IV 4104:Gregory IX 4058:Lucius III 4038:Eugene III 4003:Paschal II 3993:Victor III 3973:Stephen IX 3958:Damasus II 3953:Clement II 3948:Gregory VI 3923:Sergius IV 3918:John XVIII 3868:Benedict V 3853:Marinus II 3778:Stephen VI 3758:Adrian III 3738:Nicholas I 3723:Sergius II 3718:Gregory IV 3698:Stephen IV 3662:Stephen II 3647:Gregory II 3567:Theodore I 3552:Honorius I 3547:Boniface V 3512:Benedict I 3502:Pelagius I 3487:Agapetus I 3447:Gelasius I 3437:Simplicius 3422:Sixtus III 3412:Boniface I 3402:Innocent I 3266:Zephyrinus 3180:Pope-elect 3156:non-extant 2411:13 January 1518:References 1440:catafalque 1356:Via Crucis 1336:papal bull 1329:card games 1287:in pectore 1148:Ex Omnibus 865:Zwinglians 861:Calvinists 745:honour of 722:Camerlengo 456:Early life 428:human body 258:3 May 1758 236:1675-03-31 208:in pectore 177:Ordination 109:3 May 1758 6092:Biography 5911:Communism 5881:Ecumenism 5227:(380–451) 5219:(180–451) 5208:(313–476) 5130:(100–325) 4620:(904–964) 4612:(756–857) 4606:(537–752) 4600:(493–537) 4592:(312–337) 4490:Pius VIII 4420:Clement X 4354:Urban VII 4304:Adrian VI 4294:Julius II 4274:Sixtus IV 4249:Eugene IV 4194:John XXII 4189:Clement V 4159:Martin IV 4134:Gregory X 4063:Urban III 4048:Adrian IV 4033:Lucius II 3968:Victor II 3913:John XVII 3903:Gregory V 3878:John XIII 3763:Stephen V 3753:Marinus I 3748:John VIII 3743:Adrian II 3713:Valentine 3708:Eugene II 3703:Paschal I 3637:Sisinnius 3622:Sergius I 3557:Severinus 3522:Gregory I 3492:Silverius 3462:Hormisdas 3457:Symmachus 3442:Felix III 3376:Damasus I 3351:Miltiades 3326:Eutychian 3316:Dionysius 3311:Sixtus II 3306:Stephen I 3296:Cornelius 3216:Evaristus 3211:Clement I 3206:Anacletus 3136:canonised 3131:graphical 1898:pontefice 1889:De Synodo 1789:cite book 1582:, p. 370. 1523:Footnotes 1361:Colosseum 1334:With the 1325:Holy Year 1251:Capuchins 1186:in their 1052:canon law 1015:and King 998:Subleyras 970:Benedetta 914:Benevento 886:Venaissin 869:Huguenots 857:Lutherans 724:Cardinal 657:De Synodo 577:Nazianzus 542:monsignor 124:Successor 5921:HIV/AIDS 5415:Crusades 5169:Irenaeus 5162:Ignatius 5157:Polycarp 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