38:
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and he canceled every program he designed for South Korean graduate education about particle physics in opposition to that government. According to a
Fermilab memoriam, Lee died in a car accident on Illinois highway I-80 in 1977, at age 42. A semi-trailer crossed the highway divide and collided with
470:. Both of Lee's parents were trained as doctors, and he was the eldest of four siblings. His mother was the breadwinner of the household, and was initially employed as a doctor at a hospital. Later, she opened her own pediatrics and obstetrics/gynaecology practice.
667:
which can only be transferred into other particles through the pair annihilation remain as relics after the universe's expansion, then the strength of the interaction should be bigger than 2 GeV. This calculation can be applied to find the amount of the
488:
as a chemical engineering major. While in college, he was awarded a scholarship by the association of military wives whose husbands participated in the Korean War, enabling him to emigrate to the United States for undergraduate study.
451:
and contributed to its search. His student Kang Joo-sang later became professor emeritus at the
Department of Physics at Korea University. Lee is also the inspiration for the fictional character Lee Yong-hu in Kim Jin-myung's novel,
619:
said in his 2004 Nobel
Lecture that the particle physicists community at that time learned all from Lee who actually combined insights from his own work and from Russian physicists' work and encouraged 't Hooft's paper.
1820:
615:
at the Cargèse Summer School and consulted them on his work and got an insight. He finally succeeded in the renormalization of non-abelian gauge theory and won the Nobel Prize later for this work.
1900:
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703:
allegedly based on Lee's death was published in 1993, which presumably suggested that Lee tried to help South Korea's dictatorship develop nuclear weapons, and implied that the U.S.'
1895:
934:
Lee, Benjamin W.; Shrock, Robert E. (September 1977). "Natural suppression of symmetry violation in gauge theories: Muon- and electron-lepton-number nonconservation".
816:
1815:
1375:[At the time of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1999: 't Hooft, Veltman, Ben Lee and the future of particle physics] (in Korean). 물리학과 첨단기술. Archived from
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has over 15,000 citations and played a key role in the award of his 1979 Nobel prize. In 1972 at a conference at
Fermilab, Lee gave a talk
643:
and
Jonathan L. Rosner, predicting the mass of the charm quarks by calculating the quantities which correspond to the mixing and decay of
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Lee demonstrated academic promise as a child and gained admission to
Kyunggi Middle School. During his fourth year, the
238:
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that brought
Weinberg's 1967 paper out of obscurity and explained many aspects of gauge theories to a large audience.
555:
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Klein, Abraham; Lee, Benjamin.W. (March 1964). "Does
Spontaneous Breakdown of Symmetry Imply Zero-Mass Particles?".
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233:
133:
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485:
418:
268:
118:
62:
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128:
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Lee, Benjamin W.; Zinn-Justin, Jean (June 1972). "Spontaneously Broken Gauge
Symmetries. I. Preliminaries".
521:
477:
broke out and his family was forced to evacuate to the Busan
Perimeter, where he continued his schooling.
243:
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A. Klein & B.W. Lee (1964). "Does Spontaneous Breakdown of Symmetry Imply Zero-Mass Particles?".
1124:
972:
963:
Lee, Benjamin W.; Weinberg, Steven (July 1977). "Cosmological Lower Bound on Heavy-Neutrino Masses".
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856:
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207:
481:
217:
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had some connection to his death. In actuality, he vigorously opposed the autocratic system of
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732:
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86:
801:
428:. His work in theoretical particle physics exerted great influence on the development of the
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149:
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Gaillard, Mary; Lee, Benjamin W.; Rosner, Jonathan (April 1975). "Search for charm".
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predicted charm quarks to match the experimental results. Lee wrote an article with
1302:
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543:
441:
437:
154:
554:. At the time of his death, Lee was widely regarded by his peers as a world-class
1206:"PRL Top Ten: #1 A Model of Leptons (an APS News interview with Steven Weinberg)"
1020:
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mass. In this paper, they revealed that if the heavy and stable particles in the
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731:. Documents on modern physics. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
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484:, and one year before graduating, was admitted as the top-ranked student to
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Later, Lee was appointed head of the department of theoretical physics at
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Abers, Ernest S.; Lee, Benjamin W. (September 1973). "Gauge theories".
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1136:
343:
328:
325:
322:
1423:
1083:"Dr. Benjamin Lee, 42, of Fermilab; Noted Physicist Was Crash Victim"
298:
1393:(1971). "Renormalizable Lagrangians for massive Yang-Mills fields".
314:
67:
607:
was working in the case of local gauge symmetry breaking in the
1265:(Press release). University of Rochester. 2010. Archived from
1523:(1977). "Cosmological Lower Bound on Heavy-Neutrino Masses".
1484:; Lee, B. W. & Rosner, J. L. (1975). "Search for charm".
1316:
Benjamin W. Lee (1969). "Renormalization of the σ-model".
357:
19:
This article is about the physicist. For other uses, see
1712:"Ben Lee Memorial International Conference at Fermi Lab"
1180:"Ben Lee Memorial International Conference at Fermi Lab"
798:
Lee, Benjamin.W. (March 1969). "Renormalization of the
804:
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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1643:Facts and mysteries in elementary particle physics
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1372:1999년 노벨 물리학상에 즈음하여: 토프트, 벨트만, 이휘소, 그리고 입자 물리학의 미래
810:
591:and Higgs mechanism. In 1969, he succeeded in the
16:Korean-American theoretical physicist (1935–1977)
1439:"Nobel '99 A Strong Vote for Electroweak Theory"
659:wrote an article about the lower bound on heavy
1901:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
1871:Recipients of the Order of Civil Merit (Korea)
1263:"Rochester's Hagen Sakurai Prize Announcement"
587:. He is often credited with the naming of the
1619:"Perspectives on Theory of Weak Interactions"
8:
432:in the late 20th century, especially on the
408:
320:
304:
690:Perspectives on Theory of Weak Interactions
679:
558:, that had specialized in gauge theory and
1775:"Benjamin Whiso Lee: Korea's Oppenheimer?"
1751:"Benjamin Lee comments on HEP discoveries"
611:using the Higgs mechanism. He met Lee and
36:
25:
1422:
803:
508:(1961). After conducting research at the
1896:Fellows of the American Physical Society
1441:. Fermi News. 1999-12-17. Archived from
575:In 1964, Lee published an article about
1063:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1058:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter L"
1006:
512:, Lee went on to serve as professor of
413:; January 1, 1935 – June 16, 1977), or
542:On June 16, 1977, Lee was killed in a
1034:Lee Whiso : a critical biography
597:spontaneously broken gauge symmetries
583:and contributed to the appearance of
537:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
533:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
186:(Order of Civil Merit of South Korea)
7:
1816:American scientists of Asian descent
1014:
1012:
1010:
1906:University of Pennsylvania faculty
14:
1856:University of Pennsylvania alumni
1806:American people of Korean descent
680:Lee's promotion of gauge theories
535:. He was elected a Fellow of the
1886:People from Glen Ellyn, Illinois
1846:Road incident deaths in Illinois
1811:20th-century American physicists
375:
1881:People associated with Fermilab
1851:University of Pittsburgh alumni
1298:"Anything but the God particle"
504:(1958), and his Ph.D. from the
455:The Rose of Sharon Blooms Again
1911:Stony Brook University faculty
1753:. May 13, 1976. Archived from
1369:Soo-Jong Rey (December 1999).
1036:] (in Korean). LUX Media.
701:A South Korean fictional novel
409:
321:
305:
1:
1861:University of Chicago faculty
1689:"In Memoriam Benjamin W. Lee"
1282:C.R. Hagen Sakurai Prize Talk
1151:"In Memoriam Benjamin W. Lee"
577:spontaneous symmetry breaking
556:elementary particle physicist
447:He predicted the mass of the
21:Benjamin Lee (disambiguation)
1891:People from Yongsan District
1647:. World Scientific. p.
1468:"The Dilemma of Attribution"
1415:10.1016/0550-3213(71)90139-8
1338:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90065-0
1208:. American Physical Society.
898:10.1016/0370-1573(73)90027-6
840:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90065-0
510:Institute for Advanced Study
391:Biography of Benjamin W. Lee
239:Institute for Advanced Study
1597:10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.1264
705:Central Intelligence Agency
672:. This bound is called the
358:
344:
1927:
1831:Kyunggi High School alumni
1639:Veltman, Martinus (2003).
1547:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.165
1296:Ian Sample (29 May 2009),
1241:10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.266
985:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.165
783:10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.266
518:University of Pennsylvania
506:University of Pennsylvania
500:(1956), his M.S. from the
234:University of Pennsylvania
134:University of Pennsylvania
18:
1506:10.1103/RevModPhys.47.277
927:10.1103/RevModPhys.47.277
907:Reviews of Modern Physics
727:Lee, Benjamin W. (1972).
486:Seoul National University
388:
374:
365:
288:
284:
193:
119:Seoul National University
35:
1677:"The Ben Lee Fellowship"
1371:
1028:
956:10.1103/PhysRevD.16.1444
709:South Korea at that time
502:University of Pittsburgh
129:University of Pittsburgh
101:South Korean (1935–1968)
1836:Miami University alumni
1826:South Korean physicists
1526:Physical Review Letters
1221:Physical Review Letters
965:Physical Review Letters
869:10.1103/PhysRevD.5.3121
811:{\displaystyle \sigma }
763:Physical Review Letters
1866:Theoretical physicists
1714:. 1977. Archived from
1695:. 1977. Archived from
1182:. 1977. Archived from
1157:. 1977. Archived from
812:
696:Controversy over death
684:Weinberg's 1967 paper
522:Stony Brook University
492:Lee received his B.S.
480:Lee later enrolled in
244:Stony Brook University
172:Marianne Mun Ching Sim
63:Korea, Empire of Japan
1876:Scientists from Seoul
1628:. C720906V4: 249–305.
1568:Weinberg, S. (1967).
1019:JooSang Kang (2007).
813:
526:University of Chicago
426:theoretical physicist
254:University of Chicago
1570:"A Model of Leptons"
802:
339:Revised Romanization
208:Quantum field theory
104:American (1968–1977)
1841:Particle physicists
1757:on October 16, 2007
1617:Lee, B. W. (1972).
1589:1967PhRvL..19.1264W
1539:1977PhRvL..39..165L
1498:1975RvMP...47..277G
1407:1971NuPhB..35..167T
1330:1969NuPhB...9..649L
1233:1964PhRvL..12..266K
1129:1977PhT....30i..76Q
977:1977PhRvL..39..165L
948:1977PhRvD..16.1444L
919:1975RvMP...47..277G
890:1973PhR.....9....1A
861:1972PhRvD...5.3121L
832:1969NuPhB...9..649L
775:1964PhRvL..12..266K
599:. In the meantime,
482:Kyunggi High School
401:Benjamin Whisoh Lee
218:Theoretical physics
30:Benjamin Whisoh Lee
1088:The New York Times
808:
686:A Model of Leptons
674:Lee-Weinberg bound
160:Lee-Weinberg bound
1739:"Benjamin W. Lee"
1583:(21): 1264–1266.
1395:Nuclear Physics B
1352:Gerardus 't Hooft
1318:Nuclear Physics B
1137:10.1063/1.3037723
1111:"Benjamin W. Lee"
1043:978-89-89822-70-7
936:Physical Review D
855:(12): 3121–3137.
849:Physical Review D
820:Nuclear Physics B
655:In 1977, Lee and
609:Yang–Mills theory
605:Gerardus 't Hooft
603:graduate student
579:with his advisor
560:weak interactions
550:while driving on
548:Kewanee, Illinois
398:
397:
353:McCune–Reischauer
195:Scientific career
183:Order of Camellia
87:Kewanee, Illinois
1918:
1782:
1777:. Archived from
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1599:. Archived from
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1285:(YouTube). 2010.
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942:(5): 1444–1473.
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641:Mary K. Gaillard
498:Miami University
466:Lee was born in
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275:Notable students
264:Doctoral advisor
213:Particle physics
150:Weak interaction
124:Miami University
82:
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1735:Steven Weinberg
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1577:Phys. Rev. Lett
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1482:Gaillard, M. K.
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1356:"Autobiography"
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1107:Steven Weinberg
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1091:. 18 June 1977.
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1022:이휘소평전(양장본 Hard
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878:Physics Reports
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769:(10): 266–268.
760:
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755:Selected papers
739:
729:Chiral Dynamics
726:
723:
718:
698:
682:
657:Steven Weinberg
653:
637:John Iliopoulos
629:Sheldon Glashow
626:
593:renormalization
585:Higgs mechanism
573:
568:
494:summa cum laude
464:
434:renormalization
394:
393:by JooSang Kang
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112:Alma mater
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55:January 1, 1935
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1781:on 2012-02-10.
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1670:External links
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1606:on 2012-01-12.
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1492:(2): 277–310.
1486:Rev. Mod. Phys
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1464:David Politzer
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1379:on 2011-07-22.
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633:Luciano Maiani
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468:Yongsan, Seoul
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1779:the original
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1737:(Sep 1977).
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1626:EConf 720906
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227:Institutions
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155:Gauge theory
81:(1977-06-16)
1801:1977 deaths
1796:1935 births
1731:Chris Quigg
1521:Weinberg S.
1391:G. 't Hooft
1227:(10): 266.
1103:Chris Quigg
670:dark matter
624:Charm quark
589:Higgs boson
449:charm quark
407::
293:Korean name
95:Nationality
1790:Categories
1722:2005-09-27
1703:2005-09-27
1658:981238149X
1533:(4): 165.
1519:Lee B.W.;
1449:2010-11-18
1190:2005-09-27
1165:2005-09-27
1001:References
884:(1): 1–2.
524:, and the
475:Korean War
440:model and
279:Burt Ovrut
51:1935-01-01
1424:1874/4733
1123:(9): 76.
818:-model".
806:σ
712:his car.
651:Cosmology
539:in 1976.
462:Biography
370:Signature
1693:Fermilab
1681:Fermilab
1555:11368663
1466:(2004).
1354:(1999).
1303:Guardian
1249:15349102
1155:Fermilab
993:11368663
791:15349102
747:4915148M
661:neutrino
566:Research
423:American
417:, was a
249:Fermilab
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1067:June 8,
973:Bibcode
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915:Bibcode
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771:Bibcode
645:K meson
516:at the
514:physics
436:of the
415:Ben Lee
359:I Hwiso
345:I Hwiso
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299:Hangul
201:Fields
177:Awards
169:Spouse
89:, U.S.
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1551:S2CID
1245:S2CID
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1032:[
1029:이휘소평전
1024:Cover
989:S2CID
787:S2CID
601:Dutch
546:near
496:from
384:Notes
315:Hanja
68:Seoul
66:(now
59:Keijō
1763:2005
1653:ISBN
1069:2011
1038:ISBN
733:ISBN
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635:and
76:Died
45:Born
1649:274
1593:doi
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410:이휘소
306:이휘소
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323:李
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