709:
1658:
294:, and became interested in the analytical tables for identifying plants. He immediately tested them on the first plant he saw. The result was successful and he applied it to every plant he came across. In London in 1823, he met English botanists. His uncle pushed him to study law at
949:"For example, the career of George Bentham, writer on botany and president of the Linnean Society from 1861 to 1874, 'seems to have been largely due to his mother,' Lady Mary Bentham (c. 1765-1858), who had a herbarium and was said to have been a very good botanist."
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62:
461:. Before sixty copies had been sold the publisher became bankrupt and the stock went for wastepaper. The book passed into oblivion, and it was not until 1873 that Bentham's claims to priority were finally vindicated against those of Sir
210:
as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studied law, but had a fascination with botany from an early age, which he soon pursued, becoming president of the
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In 1854 he found the maintenance of a herbarium and library too expensive. He, therefore, offered them to the government on the understanding that they should form the foundation of such necessary aids to research in the
547:
In 1857, the government sanctioned a scheme for the preparation of a series of Floras or descriptions in the
English language of the indigenous plants of British colonies and possessions. Bentham began with the
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to an appreciation that "We cannot form an idea of a species from a single individual, nor of a genus from a single one of its species. We can no more set up a typical species than a typical individual."
364:'s closest friend and one of the first to accept Darwin's ideas. Until then, Bentham unquestioningly believed that species were fixed. In 1874 he wrote that "Fifteen years have sufficed to establish a
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1801:
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and other scientific friends. In 1855 he took up his residence in London, and worked at Kew for five days a week, with a brief summer holiday, from this time onwards until the end of his life.
574:, begun in 1853 and first published in 1858. This was used by students for over a century, running into many editions. After his death, it was edited by Hooker, and was known simply as
1836:
1831:
437:. In the catalogue Bentham adopted the principle from which he never deviated, of citing nothing at second-hand. This was followed by articles on various legal subjects: on
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597:"On the Distribution of the Monocotyledonous Orders into Primary Groups, more especially in reference to the Australian Flora, with notes on some points of Terminology"
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and author. Bentham had no formal education but had a remarkable linguistic aptitude. By the age of seven, he could speak French, German and
Russian, and he learned
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476:. In preparing this work he visited, between 1830 and 1834, every European herbarium, several more than once. The following winter was passed in
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578:. He is most famous for his extensive and excellent classification of plants, especially angiosperms, along with Hooker, forming the "
562:, in seven volumes (1863–1878), the first flora of any large continental area that had ever been finished. His greatest work was the
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317:. Having inherited his father's estate the previous year, he was now sufficiently well off to do whatever he wanted, which was
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in 1862. He was the author of a number of important botanical works, particularly flora. He is best known for his taxonomic
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during a short residence in Sweden while still a child. The family made a long tour through France, staying two years at
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1811:
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The Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur. under
Captain Ed. Belcher The Botanical descriptions by George Bentham: Text
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in 1861, which was the first comprehensive work on any part of the little-known flora of China and Hong Kong, including
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Women and the structure of society : selected research from the Fifth
Berkshire Conference on the History of Women
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536:. At the same time, he contemplated the abandonment of botanical work. However, he yielded to the persuasion of Sir
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declared to be undoubtedly the most fruitful discovery made in abstract logical science since the time of
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1275:] (in French). Vol. 3, Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre. Perpignan: Publications de l'olivier.
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Outline of a New System of Logic: With a
Critical Examination of Dr. Whately's "Elements of Logic
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A History of Botany in the United
Kingdom from the Earliest Times to the End of the 19th Century
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Outline of a New System of Logic: With a
Critical Examination of Dr. Whately's Elements of Logic
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in
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405:(Companion of St Michael & St George) in 1878. His foreign awards included the
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and mathematics in the
Protestant Theological School. They eventually settled near
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Bentham died at his London home on 10 September 1884, aged 83. He was interred in
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441:, in which he disagreed with his uncle, on the laws affecting larceny and on the
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Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita
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306:. However, his interest in botany never flagged and he became secretary of the
1526:. : Royal College of Surgeons of England, Library & Information Services.
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1591:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 746–747.
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41:"Benth" redirects here. For the sprinting athlete from French Guiana, see
1365:"The orchid collections and illustrations of Consul Friedrich C. Lehmann"
1348:
A Genealogical and
Heraldic History of The Landed Gentry of Great Britain
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356:
Bentham's life spanned the Darwinian revolution, and his young colleague
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922: – 1870 arrangement of the Australian endemic plant genus Banksia
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from 1861 to 1874. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
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1269:
Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises (1789-2017)
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Catalogue des plantes indigènes des Pyrénées et du Bas Languedoc
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566:, begun in 1862, and concluded in 1883 in collaboration with
445:. But the most remarkable production of this period was the
1350:. Vol. (11th ed.). London: Harrison & sons.
425:(Paris 1826), the result of a careful exploration of the
1247:. Cambridge, MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
30:
This article is about the botanist. For the singer, see
1549:. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. pp. 66–73.
915:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
202:(22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English
1185:
Plarr & Royal College of Surgeons of England 2006
332:
Bentham married Sarah Jones (1798–1881), daughter of
1822:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1273:
New Dictionary of Roussillon biographies (1789-2017)
729:
The following plants have been named in his honour:
501:
In 1844, he provided the botanical descriptions for
1802:
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
1541:"6. Linnaeus's Daughters: Women and British Botany"
1238:American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2006). "B".
691:is used to indicate this person as the author when
433:(1799–1868), afterwards professor of botany in the
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1543:. In Harris, Barbara J.; McNamara, Jo Ann (eds.).
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725:, one of several plants named in Bentham's honour
313:In 1832, he inherited the property of his uncle,
1619:Bentham, George (1997). Filipuik, Marion (ed.).
1267:Amigo, Jean-Jacques (2017). "Bentham (George)".
601:Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany
491:Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis
336:, on 11 April 1833; they did not have children.
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498:. In all these dealt with some 4,730 species.
1338:. Vol. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
911:Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Adenanthos
8:
494:, which was being carried on by his friend,
1837:Presidents of the Linnean Society of London
1832:Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
582:", which was published in three volumes as
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1482:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
1130:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2006
1101:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
920:Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Banksia
503:The Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur
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570:. His most famous work, however, was the
482:Commentationes de Leguminosarum generibus
1622:George Bentham: Autobiography, 1800-1834
913: – Genus in plant family Proteaceae
366:theory of evolution by natural selection
279:where Sir Samuel bought a large estate.
243:, on 22 September 1800. His father, Sir
231:(1862–1883). He died in London in 1884.
1518:"Hinds, Richard Brinsley (1812 - 1847)"
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393:in 1862. He served as president of the
255:to survive into adulthood. His mother,
1478:"Obituary notices of fellows deceased"
1008:
907: – System of plant classification
674:. 1846 – via Smith Elder and Co.
640:. London: L Reeve & Co. 1862–1883.
1346:(1906). Burke, Ashworth Peter (ed.).
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926:Category:Taxa named by George Bentham
449:(1827). In this the principle of the
399:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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1514:Royal College of Surgeons of England
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672:Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty
421:Bentham's first publication was his
302:and in 1832 held his first and only
1523:Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online
1363:Cribb, Phillip (12 December 2010).
614:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1877.tb00261.x
453:was first explicitly stated. This
34:. For the British politician, see
25:
1674:Missouri Botanical Garden Library
650:. London: Hunt and Clarke. 1827.
206:, described by the weed botanist
1659:Works by or about George Bentham
1451:. London: J. M. Dent & sons.
1335:Dictionary of National Biography
860:Pinus ponderosa ssp. benthamiana
411:Royal Society of New South Wales
286:, Bentham came across a copy of
135:Royal Society of New South Wales
1847:Scientists from Plymouth, Devon
1782:Botanists active in Kew Gardens
1625:. University of Toronto Press.
1214:International Plant Names Index
520:1835-41 while she explored the
451:quantification of the predicate
308:Horticultural Society of London
1772:19th-century British botanists
1573:Thiselton-Dyer, William Turner
1201:Bentham & Hooker 1862–1883
607:(88): 490–520. February 1877.
1:
1640:Bentham, George (1839–1857).
1567:– via Internet Archive.
1459:One Hundred and One Botanists
572:Handbook of the British flora
215:in 1861, and a fellow of the
1827:Fellows of the Royal Society
1797:Burials at Brompton Cemetery
1304:. Oxford: University Press.
771:Acanthocephalus benthamianus
474:Labiatarum genera et species
170:Author abbrev. (botany)
27:English botanist (1800–1884)
1777:19th-century English people
1614:. J.M. Dent. & Company.
1462:. Purdue University Press.
1385:10.15517/lank.v10i2-3.18317
905:Bentham & Hooker system
815:Distemonanthus benthamianus
580:Bentham & Hooker system
556:. This was followed by the
1863:
1301:A Dictionary of Scientists
1241:Book of Members: 1780-2005
534:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
401:in 1866. He was appointed
251:, was the only brother of
163:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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472:In 1836 he published his
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334:Sir Harford Jones Brydges
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59:
1817:Environment of Hong Kong
1714:Awards and achievements
1606:Jackson, Benjamin Daydon
480:, where he produced his
381:Bentham was awarded the
271:, where Bentham studied
221:classification of plants
1588:Encyclopædia Britannica
1578:"Bentham, George"
1539:Shteir, Ann B. (1984).
1325:"Bentham, George"
781:Andropogon benthamianus
714:Benthamiella patagonica
586:between 1862 and 1883.
83:Stoke Damerel, Plymouth
32:George Bentham (singer)
1792:British pteridologists
1494:10.1098/rspl.1884.0053
1443:Green, Joseph Reynolds
1320:Bettany, George Thomas
872:Thelymitra benthamiana
726:
538:William Jackson Hooker
507:Richard Brinsley Hinds
389:in 1859 and elected a
223:in collaboration with
36:George Jackson Bentham
1456:Isely, Duane (2002).
848:Nicotiana benthamiana
793:Gardenia benthamianus
711:
590:Selected publications
435:University of Glasgow
1643:Plantas Hartwegianas
1411:(1): 211–213. 1885.
1262:on 23 November 2018.
932:Notes and references
884:Verbascum sinaiticum
827:Garcinia benthamiana
576:Bentham & Hooker
568:Joseph Dalton Hooker
443:law of real property
370:typology in taxonomy
358:Joseph Dalton Hooker
239:Bentham was born in
225:Joseph Dalton Hooker
1842:Royal Medal winners
1812:English taxonomists
1787:Botany in Australia
1707:George James Allman
1161:Thiselton-Dyer 1911
1120:, pp. 211–213.
1054:, pp. 746–747.
1052:Thiselton-Dyer 1911
1042:, pp. 183–184.
1028:Thiselton-Dyer 1911
972:, pp. 163–166.
805:Croton benthamianus
682:author abbreviation
559:Flora Australiensis
550:Flora Hongkongensis
431:G. A. Walker Arnott
310:from 1829 to 1840.
257:Mary Sophia Bentham
727:
377:Honours and awards
352:Views on evolution
282:While studying at
1807:English botanists
1745:
1744:
1736:Succeeded by
1704:Succeeded by
1695:President of the
1681:Academic offices
1668:"Bentham, George"
1632:978-0-8020-0791-9
1556:978-0-8223-0603-0
1488:(235–238). 1885.
1469:978-1-55753-283-1
1405:Botanical Gazette
1311:978-0-19-280086-2
1282:978-2-908866-50-6
1116:Botanical Gazette
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143:Scientific career
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79:22 September 1800
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1547:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1510:Plarr, Victor
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:Lankesteriana
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1298:Anon (1999).
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1132:, p. 40.
1131:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
987:
984:, p. 43.
983:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
956:
946:
943:
936:
931:
927:
924:
921:
918:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
898:
892:
887:
885:
881:
878:
874:
873:
869:
866:
862:
861:
857:
854:
850:
849:
845:
842:
838:
834:
829:
828:
824:
821:
817:
816:
812:
807:
806:
802:
799:
795:
794:
790:
787:
783:
782:
778:
773:
772:
768:
767:
763:
758:
754:
753:
749:
746:
742:
741:
737:
736:
732:
730:
722:
717:
715:
710:
703:
698:
694:
683:
680:The standard
673:
669:
668:
663:
659:
657:9780598395641
653:
649:
648:
643:
636:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:
555:
551:
545:
543:
539:
535:
529:
527:
524:coast of the
523:
519:
518:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
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448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Royal Society
384:
376:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
351:
346:
344:
342:
337:
335:
330:
328:
324:
323:jurisprudence
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:Lincoln's Inn
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:Royal Society
214:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
179:
176:
173:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
126:Royal Society
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
93:
89:
84:
71:
67:
63:
58:
51:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
1729:Clarke Medal
1727:
1722:Richard Owen
1694:
1671:
1642:
1621:
1610:
1586:
1545:
1522:
1485:
1481:
1458:
1447:
1408:
1404:
1372:
1368:
1347:
1333:
1300:
1272:
1268:
1257:the original
1240:
1218:
1208:
1196:
1189:RCS: E002231
1180:
1173:Bentham 1846
1168:
1142:Bentham 1827
1137:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1100:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1004:
977:
965:
945:
882:
870:
858:
846:
825:
813:
803:
791:
779:
769:
752:Benthamiella
750:
738:
728:
712:
666:
646:
633:
604:
600:
583:
575:
571:
563:
557:
549:
546:
542:John Lindley
530:
516:
502:
500:
489:
481:
473:
471:
446:
439:codification
422:
420:
407:Clarke Medal
380:
355:
338:
331:
312:
291:
281:
238:
228:
186:
185:
174:
159:Institutions
142:
131:Clarke Medal
96:(1884-09-10)
47:
1767:1884 deaths
1762:1800 births
1689:Thomas Bell
1377:Biographies
1219: Benth
1066:, p. .
1009:Shteir 1984
889: [
719: [
509:, had been
383:Royal Medal
304:legal brief
277:Montpellier
208:Duane Isely
122:Royal Medal
113:Sarah Jones
43:Katia Benth
1751:Categories
1701:1861–1874
1356:1336190250
1291:1012939774
1088:Green 1914
1076:Green 1914
1064:Burke 1906
1040:Cribb 2010
1011:, p.
999:, p.
997:Amigo 2017
970:Isely 2002
75:1800-09-22
1672:Botanicus
1565:988155630
1532:646581474
1516:(2006) .
1502:0370-1662
1427:0006-8071
1393:2215-2067
982:Anon 1999
957:Citations
809:Müll.Arg.
740:Benthamia
638:(3 vols.)
486:Pontrilas
459:Aristotle
413:in 1879.
298:. He was
284:Angoulême
269:Montauban
104:, England
85:, England
1608:(1906).
1575:(1911).
1445:(1914).
1322:(1885).
1253:70224250
899:See also
798:F.Muell.
526:Americas
427:Pyrenees
261:botanist
259:, was a
204:botanist
1661:at the
1585:(ed.).
1435:2994865
1375:(2–3).
1332:(ed.).
1231:Sources
886:
877:Rchb.f.
833:Planch.
764:Species
745:A.Rich.
716:
624:1432977
621::
522:Pacific
517:Sulphur
511:surgeon
409:of the
385:of the
265:Swedish
137:in 1879
133:of the
128:in 1859
124:of the
1629:
1563:
1553:
1530:
1500:
1466:
1433:
1425:
1391:
1354:
1308:
1289:
1279:
1251:
865:Hartw.
841:Pipoly
837:Triana
835:&
820:Baill.
786:Steud.
733:Genera
704:Legacy
693:citing
687:Benth.
654:
619:Zenodo
478:Vienna
391:Fellow
362:Darwin
347:Career
319:botany
273:Hebrew
227:, his
175:Benth.
153:Botany
149:Fields
118:Awards
110:Spouse
102:London
1733:1879
1581:. In
1431:JSTOR
1328:. In
1271:[
1260:(PDF)
1245:(PDF)
937:Notes
893:]
853:Domin
775:Regel
757:Speg.
723:]
417:Works
327:logic
197:
193:
18:Benth
1627:ISBN
1561:OCLC
1551:ISBN
1528:OCLC
1498:ISSN
1464:ISBN
1423:ISSN
1389:ISSN
1352:OCLC
1306:ISBN
1287:OCLC
1277:ISBN
1249:OCLC
1118:1885
1103:1885
652:ISBN
515:HMS
360:was
325:and
247:, a
235:Life
91:Died
69:Born
1670:at
1490:doi
1413:doi
1381:doi
609:doi
513:on
465:by
403:CMG
290:'s
199:FLS
195:FRS
191:CMG
1753::
1559:.
1520:.
1512:;
1496:.
1486:38
1484:.
1480:.
1429:.
1421:.
1409:10
1407:.
1403:.
1387:.
1379:.
1373:10
1371:.
1367:.
1285:.
1216:.
1187:,
1149:^
1020:^
1013:71
989:^
891:pl
839:)
721:de
695:a
670:.
617:.
605:15
603:.
599:.
540:,
528:.
469:.
343:.
329:.
321:,
1646:.
1635:.
1534:.
1504:.
1492::
1472:.
1437:.
1415::
1395:.
1383::
1358:.
1314:.
1293:.
1222:.
1203:.
1191:.
1175:.
1144:.
1015:.
831:(
699:.
660:.
627:.
611::
77:)
73:(
45:.
38:.
20:)
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