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It is probable that Bera was the strongest promoter of peace with Córdoba. This would allow him to consolidate his power in his new possessions. Advised by his mother, and supported by the city's residents keen for continued peaceful relations with the nearby Muslim states, Bera sought to institute
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in his place, who accused Bera of infidelity and perfidy. The litigation, as was customary in that era, was settled by a duel in the palace. Bera was defeated by Sanila and deprived of his counties. However
Emperor Louis I, who did not believe the Count was a traitor, commuted the death penalty
274:, and William of Toulouse. Sa’dun, however, had changed his mind and the Frankish forces laid siege of Barcelona. Eventually, starving and with Sa’dun having been captured by the Franks trying to reach Caliphate of Cordoba in a plea for help, the city's Visigoth population handed the new Wali
357:, writes that the forces of Bera and Adhemar crossed the Ebro in boats while their horses swam across. However, the horse dung was swept by the current past Tortosa which alerted the town's garrison. The Wali of the city attacked Bera, who was forced to retreat north again.
470:, attacked Barcelona. However, the attack was beaten back by a mercenary Visigothic army. This victory increased the prestige of Bera, whose relationships with the local Visigoth nobility improved. In November 816, the Wali of
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over to the Franks with their surrender on
Saturday, April 3, 801. Louis entered the city on the following day. Soon after, Bera, who was part of the besieging army, was invested as the first Count of Barcelona.
451:) nobles had accused the Counts of Frankish paternity and of imposing unjust tributes and excises on their lands. The Magnates defence was unsuccessful and Charlemagne decided in favour of the claimants
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both claimed that the truce promoted by Bera was against the Empire's best interests and inhibited attempts to force the
Basques and Aragón to recognise themselves as vassals of the Empire.
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which was felt to be a natural defendable barrier between the two empires. This was despite his
Visigoth mother who urged him to keep peace with the Muslims States to the south and west.
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records a Muslim victory, while
Astronomus simply states that the besieged offered Louis's the keys to the city and, satisfied, the King of Aquitaine lifted his siege and left.
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Bera's father died on 18 May 812 and the
Counties of Razès and Conflent passed to him. Following his father's example, Bera gave governorship of the counties to his son
329:), near Morella. They then rejoined the troops commanded by Louis's which has unsuccessfully undertaken a siege of Tortosa. The army then turned north and returned to
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to
Toulouse to meet Louis and prepare for another expedition south. The plan was to follow the same tactics as in 804. The "Astronomer", author of the
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covered Louis' western flank and attacked
Tortosa from the south. Bera turned his army around after they had crossed the River Ebro where it meets the
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In
February 820, a general assembly was held in Aachen at which Bera was in attendance. Gaucelm sent his Visigoth lieutenant
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In 815, the truce with the
Caliphate was broken and the war with the Muslims resumed. The Muslim army under the command of
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a truce. The Frankish court eventually signed a three-year peace treaty with the Caliphate of Córdoba in 812.
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travelled to Aachen and negotiated a new three-year truce, which was finally concluded in February 817.
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Bera took part in the Frankish campaigns in 804, 808, and 809 to extend the southern border of the
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family based in the valley of the River Ebro. They continued to defy Frankish authority, as did
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Around 813, Count Odilo of Girona and Besalú died and these Counties passed to Bera.
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from 812 (or 813 or 817) until his deposition. In 811, he was witness to the
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Bera's origins are mostly unknown, although it seems certain that he was a
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in exchange for help against Córdoba. Charlemagne summoned an assembly in
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376:, however met the besiegers with an army. The Moorish chronicler
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The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718-1050
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with several other Counts of the region: Adhemar of Narbonne,
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533:, 1958, republished by La Magrana, Barcelona, 2011, p. 259.
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from 801 until his deposition in 820. He was also the
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In 812, Bera also travelled to the Imperial Court in
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The army included a number of noble men, among them
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and Conflent, possibly by William. The Counties of
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The changing territory of Bera throughout his reign.
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
259:in the spring of 800 which agreed to send his son
477:However, despite attempts to secure alliances in
317:while the other commanded by Bera, Adhemar, and
689:9th-century people from the County of Barcelona
251:and offered to switch the city's allegiance to
591:(in Spanish). Punto Rojo Libros. p. 541.
8:
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360:In 809, Louis led his last expedition as
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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505:carried by the defeat into an exile in
305:In 804, Louis the Pious led an army to
239:, attempted to break his allegiance to
170:last will and testament of Charlemagne.
567:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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347:In 808, Charlemagne sent his legate
55:adding citations to reliable sources
585:Valverde, Luis Amela (2021-10-28).
674:Nobility of the Carolingian Empire
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247:. In April 797, he travelled to
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42:needs additional citations for
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337:Second and third expeditions
215:were given to William's son
531:Els primers comtes catalans
368:. This time equipped with
283:Expeditions across the Ebro
223:Background and installation
148:) (died 844) was the first
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343:Siege of Tortosa (808–809)
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66:"Bera, Count of Barcelona"
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455:Second truce and downfall
485:remained allied to the
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588:Varia historicorum I
466:, uncle of the Emir
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679:Counts of Barcelona
272:Adhemar of Narbonne
664:8th-century births
636:Count of Barcelona
185:William of Gellone
160:from 790, and the
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611:Archibald Lewis,
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44:verification
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421:Carcassonne
415:of Girona,
384:First truce
253:Charlemagne
193:Charlemagne
669:844 deaths
658:Categories
554:2013-05-02
517:References
468:Al-Hakam I
417:Guiscafred
409:Roussillon
378:Al Maqqari
295:River Ebro
241:Al-Hakam I
203:(with the
201:Roussillon
77:newspapers
630:New title
617:Chapter 3
487:Banu Qasi
364:into the
331:Barcelona
327:Vallibona
307:Tarragona
237:Barcelona
209:Vallespir
563:cite web
479:Pamplona
472:Zaragoza
437:Provence
429:Empúries
425:Ermengar
349:Ingobert
257:Toulouse
227:In 796,
213:Empúries
181:Visigoth
158:Conflent
495:Bernard
483:Basques
449:hispani
445:Béziers
433:Laibulf
405:Gaucelm
315:Tortosa
293:to the
217:Gaucelm
175:Origins
142:Catalan
91:scholar
646:Rampon
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511:Rampon
502:Sanila
491:Aragón
481:, the
439:, and
401:Aachen
309:. At
249:Aachen
231:, the
211:) and
166:Besalú
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507:Rouen
441:Erlin
413:Odilo
366:Marca
323:Cinca
276:Harun
205:pagus
98:JSTOR
84:books
593:ISBN
569:link
233:Wali
164:and
156:and
146:Berà
138:Bera
70:news
18:Berà
443:of
435:of
427:of
419:of
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