348:
138:
36:
218:
102:
126:
964:
981:
1230:
952:
411:. The Estonians sent two armoured trains to aid the Latvians while the Lithuanians were engaged in battles with the Bolsheviks and could only issue diplomatic protests. The Latvians also received assistance from the guns of a British
1331:
836:
452:. After the involvement of the Entente military mission, General Eberhardt was able to organize evacuation of the remaining German Freikorps via Lithuania to East Prussia. This was completed by mid-December 1919.
1077:
1065:
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339:(then based in Siberia) and started marching eastwards (October 1919) with a stated intention of attacking the Bolsheviks, but its real goal appeared to be sustaining German power in the Baltic region.
1153:
829:
331:
and then released if they promised that they would help fight against the
Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. The resultant Western Russian Volunteer Army declared that it would support the Russian
822:
307:. To avoid casting blame on Germany and infuriating the Allies, von der Goltz withdrew into the background and in August 1919 merged his troops with the "Special Russian Corps", led by
918:
993:
1351:
362:. After initially supporting the White Russians the Weimar government, under pressure from the Entente, banned the transfer of German soldiers to the Russians and ordered the
1341:
1277:
900:
895:
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370:
988:
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369:
In this circumstances
Bermondt-Avalov launched an offensive using Freikorps in attempt to force the Republic of Latvia to negotiate. With the support of
935:
1282:
1008:
388:
269:
659:
Im Kampf gegen den
Bolschewismus. Erinnerungen von General Fürst Awaloff, Oberbefehlshaber der Deutsch-Russischen Westarmee im Baltikum
1123:
464:
were provided by
Germany and decorated with Russian distinctive signs, in particular the shoulder legs according to the model of the
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615:
79:
57:
1321:
1295:
1160:
587:
430:
359:
176:
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729:
Von den baltische
Provinzen zu den baltischen Staaten. Beiträge zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Republiken Estland und Lettland
347:
130:
873:
366:
to block the East
Prussian border to block Freikorp's supplies. General von der Goltz was finally recalled on October 4.
1269:
882:
577:
166:
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1180:
582:
358:
The political situation in the Baltic region continued to deteriorate. A new government in
Lithuania refused to allow
171:
959:
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1326:
1215:
1118:
1099:
1128:
1089:
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971:
488:(Colonel Virgolitsch): from 3,500 to 5,000 mounted soldiers including Cossacks, stationed in northern Lithuania
426:
50:
44:
1072:
1060:
1048:
632:
304:
201:
1300:
1210:
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511:(Captain Sievert): about 9,000 to 12,000 soldiers who had come together from various independent free corps.
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61:
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determined that the situation was under control. The order to withdraw was given after signing of the
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In
November, the Latvian army managed to drive the Bermondt-Avalov forces into Lithuanian territory.
289:
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552:: about 1,000 soldiers, appeared at the end of October after a march over 1,200 km off Riga.
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662:
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404:
380:, a Latvian counter-offensive followed in November, which forced Bermondt's army to withdraw.
336:
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161:
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1138:
794:
767:
1013:
416:
387:
In
October 1919, the West Russian Volunteer Army attacked the newly independent states of
238:
217:
444:
fled to
Klaipeda. The German Freikorps were handed over to the German Lieutenant General
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925:
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434:
377:
352:
332:
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395:, to which Germany had granted independence. It briefly occupied the west bank of the
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in Southern Russia, was supported and in fact put together under German auspices. The
1315:
1041:
636:
396:
273:
142:
1143:
689:
Die Kämpfe im Baltikum nach der zweiten Einnahme von Riga. Juni bis Dezember 1919
328:
998:
848:
685:
Der Feldzug im Baltikum bis zur zweiten Einnahme von Riga. Januar bis Mai 1919
529:
412:
363:
300:
646:
1133:
666:
281:
246:
17:
930:
741:. Vol. I. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 335–336.
316:
528:): about 3,000 soldiers (the former 2nd Guard Reserve Regiment), before
681:
Darstellungen aus den Nachkriegskämpfen deutscher Truppen und Freikorps
449:
381:
374:
308:
496:(Major Bischoff): about 15,000 to 18,000, at Jelgava, joined in August
299:
retired in response to the Allies' order; the rest remained under the
272:
of November 1918, in article 12, stipulated that troops of the former
392:
242:
695:
Die Baltische Landeswehr im Befreiungskampf gegen den Bolschewismus
360:
White Russians to pass troops through and establish a military base
675:
Die letzte Front. Geschichte der Eiserne Division im Baltikum 1919
346:
1332:
Military units and formations of White Russia (Russian Civil War)
746:
448:, successor of the Goltz as commander of the VI Reserve Corps in
400:
818:
482:(Colonel Potozki): from 7,000 to 10,000 soldiers, near Jelgava
324:
284:
advances and that such German units were to withdraw once the
29:
537:: about 3,000 soldiers, for railway protection in Lithuania.
27:
Russian warlords in the Baltic during the Russian Civil War
731:, Bd I (1917-1918), Bd II (1919-1920), Marburg 1971, 1977.
343:
Confrontation with the governments of Latvia and Lithuania
106:
The only surviving flag of the West Russian Volunteer Army
351:
Bermontians' planes captured by the Lithuanian Army near
716:
Sprawy łotewskie w bałtyckiej polityce Niemiec 1914-1919
661:(in German). Glückstadt, Hamburg: Verlag J.J. Augustin.
407:
had to request military assistance from Lithuania and
315:. The two generals recruited about 50,000 men: mostly
781:
429:. Finally, the West Russian Volunteer Army suffered
1268:
1261:
1240:
1204:
1040:
1033:
881:
872:
735:Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Bermondtists".
276:would remain in the Baltic provinces of the former
261:
The Western Russian Volunteer Army, unlike the pro-
212:
207:
189:
184:
157:
149:
119:
111:
94:
641:(in German). Leipzig: Verlag von K.F. Koehler.
830:
8:
1352:German involvement in the Russian Civil War
783:Russkaya Zapadnaya dobrovol'cheskaya armiya
1265:
1037:
878:
837:
823:
815:
100:
1161:Separate Mongolian-Buryat Cavalry Brigade
638:Meine Sendung in Finnland und im Baltikum
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
43:This article includes a list of general
760:
599:
1342:Anti-communist organisations in Latvia
772:Русская Западная добровольческая армия
610:Enciklopēdja. Preses nams, Riga 1999,
91:
723:Walka o niepodległość Łotwy 1914-1920
384:was also lost in loss-making fights.
295:However, only a small portion of the
253:from November 1918 to December 1919.
7:
608:Latvijas Brīvības cīņas 1918–1920.
1347:Lithuania in the Russian Civil War
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
943:Army Group Kiev of General Bredov
431:heavy defeats by the Lithuanians
216:
136:
124:
34:
1296:Turkestan Military Organization
588:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
177:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
960:Novorossiysk Region Army Group
1:
115:November 1918 – December 1919
1270:Armed Forces of South Russia
883:Armed Forces of South Russia
578:Estonian War of Independence
167:Estonian War of Independence
1221:West Russian Volunteer Army
782:
701:Eesti Vabadussõda 1918-1920
583:Latvian War of Independence
462:West Russian Volunteer Army
303:of the German Army General
231:West Russian Volunteer Army
172:Latvian War of Independence
95:West Russian Volunteer Army
1373:
1100:4th Eastern Siberian Corps
437:, a major railway centre.
323:, as well as some Russian
1129:Orenburg Independent Army
1090:2nd Steppe Siberian Corps
1085:1st Middle Siberian Corps
972:Kharkov Region Army Group
859:
771:
472:worn on the left sleeve.
460:The Army uniforms of the
99:
1166:Asiatic Cavalry Division
1073:3rd Army (Siberian Army)
1061:2nd Army (Siberian Army)
1049:1st Army (Siberian Army)
1301:Peasant Army of Fergana
1119:People's Army of Komuch
1019:Ukrainian Galician Army
703:, Tallinn, Mats, 1997.
568:Freikorps in the Baltic
371:British naval artillery
327:captured by Germany in
297:Freikorps in the Baltic
64:more precise citations.
1322:20th century in Latvia
1196:White Latvian Riflemen
948:Kiev Region Army Group
806:
798:
738:Encyclopedia Lituanica
655:Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel
633:Von der Goltz, Rüdiger
606:Inta Pētersone (ed.):
403:and the government of
355:
280:to help fight against
241:military formation in
1357:Baltic-German history
1253:Arctic Ocean Flotilla
1021:(since November 1919)
721:Paluszyński, Tomasz,
687:, Berlin 1937; Bd 3:
466:Russian Imperial Army
350:
313:Pavel Bermondt-Avalov
305:Rüdiger von der Goltz
202:Rüdiger von der Goltz
197:Pavel Bermondt-Avalov
573:Baltische Landeswehr
290:Treaty of Versailles
1205:North-Western Front
1181:5th Polish Division
1171:Czechoslovak Legion
1149:Holy Cross Druzhina
977:North Caucasus Army
535:Freikorps Diebitsch
475:The army included:
427:Mitau was also lost
422:, in Riga harbour.
270:Compiègne Armistice
1216:North-Western Army
1105:5th Pri-Amur Corps
851:and fleets of the
486:Corps Virgolitsch
480:Corps Graf Keller
356:
1337:1919 in Lithuania
1327:1918 in Lithuania
1309:
1308:
1291:
1290:
1226:Chudskoe Flotilla
1114:
1113:
994:Crimean–Azov Army
909:
908:
853:Russian Civil War
780:
673:Bischoff, Josef,
542:Freikorps Roßbach
515:Freikorps Plehwe
337:Aleksandr Kolchak
251:Russian Civil War
224:
223:
162:Russian Civil War
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
1364:
1283:Caspian Flotilla
1266:
1234:
1157:
1139:Far Eastern Army
1081:
1069:
1057:
1038:
1009:Caspian Flotilla
985:
968:
956:
922:
879:
839:
832:
825:
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792:
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785:
775:
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750:
725:, Warszawa 1999.
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60:this article by
51:inline citations
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1014:Army of Wrangel
1004:Black Sea Fleet
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813:
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714:Kiewisz, Leon,
653:
631:
628:
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605:
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596:
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521:
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458:
442:Bermondt-Avalov
345:
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56:Please help to
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1280:
1278:Turkestan Army
1274:
1272:
1263:
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1255:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1241:Northern Front
1238:
1237:
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1218:
1213:
1211:Northern Corps
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:Siberian Fleet
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1131:
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1121:
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1111:
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1102:
1097:
1095:3rd Ural Corps
1092:
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1070:
1058:
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1001:
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986:
974:
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957:
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940:
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938:
928:
926:Volunteer Army
923:
914:Astrakhan Army
910:
907:
906:
904:
903:
901:3rd Army Corps
898:
896:2nd Army Corps
893:
891:1st Army Corps
887:
885:
876:
874:Southern Front
870:
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866:
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807:Bermontininkai
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753:
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751:
732:
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719:
718:, Poznań 1970.
712:
698:
692:
691:, Berlin 1938.
678:
677:, Berlin 1935.
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651:
627:
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620:
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563:White Movement
558:
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538:
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512:
497:
489:
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470:Orthodox cross
457:
454:
405:Kārlis Ulmanis
378:armoured train
344:
341:
333:White movement
321:Baltic Germans
292:in June 1919.
278:Russian Empire
266:Volunteer Army
258:
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145:(unofficially)
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1248:Northern Army
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1045:
1043:
1042:Siberian Army
1039:
1036:
1034:Eastern Front
1032:
1026:
1025:Southern Army
1023:
1020:
1017:
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1012:
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1007:
1005:
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997:
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989:Caucasus Army
987:
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501:German Legion
498:
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493:Iron Division
490:
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446:von Eberhardt
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397:Daugava River
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274:German Empire
271:
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226:Military unit
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143:German Empire
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32:
31:
19:
1220:
1191:Baikal Fleet
1176:Russian Army
1144:Zemskaya Rat
1124:Western Army
864:Russian Army
790:
763:
736:
728:
722:
715:
700:
697:, Riga 1929.
694:
688:
684:
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658:
637:
626:Bibliography
607:
602:
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514:
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491:
485:
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440:Upon defeat
439:
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319:members and
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234:
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133:(officially)
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70:January 2013
67:
48:
1262:Middle Asia
1229: [
1152: [
1076: [
1064: [
1052: [
980: [
963: [
951: [
917: [
799:Bermontieši
545: [
522: [
504: [
435:Radviliškis
415:destroyer,
353:Radviliškis
329:World War I
249:during the
235:Bermontians
158:Engagements
62:introducing
18:Bermontians
1316:Categories
999:Kuban Army
803:Lithuanian
618:, page 78.
594:References
519:von Plehwe
450:Allenstein
413:Royal Navy
364:Reichswehr
335:forces of
301:leadership
239:pro-German
192:commanders
185:Commanders
120:Allegiance
45:references
1134:Ural Army
777:romanized
747:74-114275
647:186846067
517:(Captain
389:Lithuania
317:Freikorps
282:Bolshevik
247:Lithuania
213:Army Flag
931:Don Army
683:, Bd 2:
667:15188750
657:(1925).
635:(1920).
557:See also
375:Estonian
311:General
208:Insignia
795:Latvian
779::
768:Russian
468:and an
409:Estonia
309:Cossack
263:Entente
257:History
190:Notable
58:improve
849:armies
745:
707:
665:
645:
614:
393:Latvia
286:Allies
243:Latvia
237:was a
153:50,000
112:Active
47:, but
1233:]
1156:]
1080:]
1068:]
1056:]
984:]
967:]
955:]
936:Units
921:]
846:White
755:Notes
549:]
530:Libau
526:]
508:]
433:near
419:Vanoc
382:Mitau
200:Gen.
195:Gen.
743:LCCN
705:ISBN
663:OCLC
643:OCLC
612:ISBN
456:Army
417:HMS
401:Riga
391:and
373:and
325:POWs
245:and
229:The
150:Size
547:de
399:in
233:or
1318::
1231:ru
1154:ru
1078:ru
1066:ru
1054:ru
982:ru
965:ru
953:ru
919:ru
805::
797::
774:,
770::
524:de
506:de
838:e
831:t
824:v
801:,
749:.
711:.
669:.
649:.
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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