133:
270:
Romanesque churches in the
Christian West. St Michael's Church was built between 1010 and 1020 on a symmetrical plan with two apses that was characteristic of Ottonian Romanesque art in Old Saxony. Its interior, in particular the wooden ceiling and painted stucco-work, its famous bronze doors and the Bernward bronze column, are – together with the treasures of St Mary's Cathedral – of exceptional interest as examples of the Romanesque churches of the Holy Roman Empire.
408:
32:
167:, Bishop of Utrecht, who entrusted his education to Thangmar, learned director of the cathedral school at Heidelberg. Under this master, Bernward made rapid progress in the sciences and in the liberal and even mechanical arts. He became very proficient in mathematics, painting, architecture, and particularly in the manufacture of ecclesiastical vessels and ornaments of silver and gold.
432:
420:
298:
174:, Chancellor of the Empire (975-1011). He declined a valuable preferment in the diocese of his uncle, Bishop Volkmar, and chose to remain with his grandfather, Athelbero, to comfort him in his old age. Upon the death of the latter, in 987, he became chaplain at the imperial court, and was shortly afterwards appointed by the Empress-Regent
396:
197:
at Rome never came to fruition, but
Bernward revived classical precedent by having his name stamped on roof tiles made under his direction. Bernward built up the cathedral district with a strong twelve-towered wall and erected further forts in the countryside to protect against attacks by the
269:
St
Michael's Church has exerted great influence on developments in architecture. The complex bears exceptional testimony to a civilization that has disappeared. These two edifices and their artistic treasures give a better overall and more immediate understanding than any other decoration in
273:
St Mary's
Cathedral, rebuilt after the fire of 1046, still retains its original crypt. The nave arrangement, with the familiar alternation of two consecutive columns for every pillar, was modelled after that of St Michael's, but its proportions are more slender.
202:. Under his direction arose numerous churches and other edifices, including even fortifications for the defence of his episcopal city against the invasions of the pagan Normans. He protected his diocese vigorously from the attacks of the Normans.
449:
Martina Giese: Die
Textfassungen der Lebensbeschreibung Bischof Bernwards von Hildesheim (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Studien und Texte; Bd. 40) Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2006,
132:
251:, which are sculpted with scenes of the Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) and the Salvation of Man (Life of Christ), and which are related in some ways to the wooden doors of
537:
366:
Jackson D.D., L.L.D, Samuel
Macauley ed.,"Bernward" in the New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Funk and Wagnalls Company, New York, (1908)
217:. He died on 20 November 1022, a few weeks after the consecration of the magnificent church of St. Michael, which he had built. Bernward was canonized by
189:, who had their roots in the area around Hildesheim and were personally related to Bernward. During this time, Hildesheim was a center of power in the
163:
noble family. His grandfather was
Athelbero, Count Palatine of Saxony. Having lost his parents at an early age, he came under the care of his uncle
572:
454:
262:. St. Michael's Church was completed after Bernward's death, and he is buried in the western crypt. These projects of Bernward's are today
247:
One of the most famous examples of
Bernward's work is a monumental set of cast bronze doors known as the Bernward doors, now installed at
228:
552:
547:
259:
248:
94:
37:
499:
324:
Birkhaeuser, Jodoc
Adolphe. "St. Bernward." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 4 Jan. 2013
557:
542:
514:
193:
and
Bernward was determined to give his city an image fitting for one of its stature. The column he planned on the model of
386:
179:
482:
263:
137:
256:
213:. For at least part of this document, the authorship is certain, but other parts were probably added in the
148:
79:
464:
365:
577:
283:
75:
567:
562:
412:
222:
218:
101:
194:
476:, Katalog der Ausstellung 1993 Volume 1, p.31; Illustration of the document in Volume 2, p.453
495:
450:
190:
400:
214:
186:
164:
494:, in The Invention of Saintliness, ed. by A. Mulder-Bakker. London 1992. pp. 145–162.
337:
185:
Bernward became bishop of Hildesheim in 993. His time in office fell during the era of the
518:
111:
50:
236:
436:
199:
531:
511:
424:
303:
522:
252:
121:
31:
407:
458:
293:
232:
170:
He completed his studies at Mainz, where he was ordained priest by Archbishop
323:
175:
206:
171:
376:
235:, a neo-romanesque church built 1905-07 and St. Bernward's Chapel in
160:
88:
255:
in Rome. Bernward was instrumental in the construction of the early
377:
St. Mary's Cathedral and St. Michael's Church at Hildesheim, UNESCO
131:
512:
Ottonian Art, St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim (1001-1031)
492:
Bernward of Hildesheim: a Case of Self-Planned Sainthood?
239:
which dates from the 13th century, are named after him.
474:
Bernward von Hildesheim und das Zeitalter der Ottonen
384:
147:(c. 960 – 20 November 1022) was the thirteenth
472:Hans Jakob Schuffels in Brandt/Eggebrecht (Hrsg.):
120:
110:
100:
85:
71:
56:
44:
18:
354:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity
205:His life was set down in writing by his mentor,
116:Bishop vestments, small cross, hammer, chalice
319:
317:
315:
8:
333:
331:
136:Bernward of Hildesheim, roof figure at the
126:Architects, painters, sculptors, goldsmiths
30:
15:
282:Churches dedicated to the saint include
391:
338:"Bishop Bernward", Mariendom Hildesheim
311:
350:Classical Inspiration in Medieval Art
7:
538:Roman Catholic bishops of Hildesheim
151:from 993 until his death in 1022.
14:
352:1959:67, noted in Roberto Weiss,
430:
418:
406:
394:
296:
95:St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim
140:, Vienna. Artist: Josef Meßner
1:
573:11th-century Christian saints
356:(Oxford: Blackwell) 1973:4.
264:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
594:
553:11th-century Saxon bishops
548:10th-century Saxon bishops
182:, then six years of age.
29:
138:Kunsthistorisches Museum
465:Bernward von Hildesheim
221:on 8 January 1193. His
80:Eastern Orthodox Church
558:People from Hildesheim
543:Medieval German saints
483:History of Burgstemmen
141:
24:Bernward of Hildesheim
284:St. Bernward, Hanover
229:St. Bernward's Church
159:Bernward came from a
135:
76:Roman Catholic Church
249:St. Mary's Cathedral
243:World Heritage Sites
149:Bishop of Hildesheim
38:St. Mary's Cathedral
36:Bernward's doors at
490:Bernhard Gallistl:
178:, tutor to her son
517:2014-11-07 at the
219:Pope Celestine III
142:
455:978-3-7752-5700-8
191:Holy Roman Empire
130:
129:
72:Venerated in
585:
487:
479:
469:
435:
434:
433:
423:
422:
421:
411:
410:
399:
398:
397:
390:
379:
374:
368:
363:
357:
346:
340:
335:
326:
321:
306:
301:
300:
299:
225:is November 20.
215:High Middle Ages
91:
67:20 November 1022
66:
64:
34:
16:
593:
592:
588:
587:
586:
584:
583:
582:
528:
527:
519:Wayback Machine
508:
485:
477:
467:
446:
441:
431:
429:
419:
417:
405:
395:
393:
385:
383:
382:
375:
371:
364:
360:
347:
343:
336:
329:
322:
313:
302:
297:
295:
292:
280:
245:
195:Trajan's Column
157:
86:
78:
62:
60:
51:Duchy of Saxony
49:
40:
25:
22:
21:
12:
11:
5:
591:
589:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
530:
529:
526:
525:
507:
506:External links
504:
503:
502:
488:
480:
470:
462:
445:
442:
440:
439:
427:
415:
403:
381:
380:
369:
358:
348:W. Oakeshott,
341:
327:
310:
309:
308:
307:
291:
288:
279:
276:
260:Michaelskirche
244:
241:
211:Vita Bernwardi
200:Slavic peoples
187:Saxon emperors
156:
153:
128:
127:
124:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
92:
83:
82:
73:
69:
68:
58:
54:
53:
46:
42:
41:
35:
27:
26:
23:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
590:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
533:
524:
520:
516:
513:
510:
509:
505:
501:
500:9780415267595
497:
493:
489:
484:
481:
475:
471:
466:
463:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
443:
438:
428:
426:
416:
414:
409:
404:
402:
392:
388:
378:
373:
370:
367:
362:
359:
355:
351:
345:
342:
339:
334:
332:
328:
325:
320:
318:
316:
312:
305:
304:Saints portal
294:
289:
287:
285:
277:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
258:
254:
250:
242:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
168:
166:
162:
154:
152:
150:
146:
139:
134:
125:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
105:
103:
99:
96:
93:
90:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
59:
55:
52:
47:
43:
39:
33:
28:
17:
578:Ottonian art
523:Smarthistory
491:
473:
372:
361:
353:
349:
344:
281:
272:
268:
253:Santa Sabina
246:
237:Klein Düngen
227:
210:
204:
198:neighboring
184:
169:
158:
144:
143:
568:1022 deaths
563:960s births
486:(in German)
478:(in German)
468:(in German)
413:Catholicism
106:20 November
532:Categories
257:Romanesque
233:Hildesheim
112:Attributes
63:1022-11-20
459:Recension
401:Biography
223:feast day
176:Theophano
122:Patronage
515:Archived
278:Churches
207:Thangmar
180:Otto III
172:Willigis
145:Bernward
444:Sources
437:Germany
387:Portals
165:Volkmar
498:
453:
425:Saints
89:shrine
87:Major
290:Notes
209:, in
161:Saxon
102:Feast
20:Saint
496:ISBN
451:ISBN
155:Life
57:Died
45:Born
231:in
48:960
534::
521:,
330:^
314:^
286:.
266:.
461:)
457:(
389::
65:)
61:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
