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had passed when this red bread mold developed in my greenhouse flasks and plates. Just on a chance I inverted plates of corn agar on cultures of perithecia shooting spores so spores were shot upward and scattered about. I put some of these plates in a drying oven and heated them as I had gone many times to make ascospores of
Ascobolus to germinate. By next morning a high percentage of the mold had germinated.
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resembling those Dr. C. L. Shear had shown me and asked me to try to germinate the ascospores. I was so much excited and interested in my rust studies that I could not leave those experiments to help my superior out. I did suggest trying to make those spores germinate by heating them. Several weeks
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In high school, Dodge had a three-month course in botany in which each student was required to collect and identify 75 plants, using the keys of Gray's "School and Field Botany" textbook. Dodge recounted to W. J. Robbins that he "far exceeded the number required". While still a high school principal
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for the production of chemical or nutritionally deficient mutants, but must take this opportunity of reiterating our indebtedness to the previous basic finds of a number of investigators. Foremost among these, to B. O. Dodge for this establishment of this ascomycete as a most suitable organism for
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which was not running, while he went to teach a class. When Dodge returned, he was dismayed to find that someone had lit the oven in the interim, and the temperature inside had reached over 70 degrees. Dodge removed the plates, assumed that the spores had been killed, but before discarding the old
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under ordinary conditions on artificial media, do so readily after being subjected to 50-70 degrees
Celsius for five to 10 minutes. Dodge discovered this completely by accident: after trying several methods to germinate the ascospores of Ascobolus (without success). One day Dodge temporarily set
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day and night during the rush period of syrup making. At such times Dodge's father, two of Dodge's older brothers, and Dodge worked 18 hours a day, beginning at midnight. (Dodge's job was to stand on the circling horsepower platform and drive the horses, walking sideways to avoid dizziness.) That
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in New York, he suggested that Dodge undertake graduate work there. Dodge accepted a minor position as an
Assistant and Research Fellow in Botany at Columbia. Dodge received his Ph.D at the age of 40; his first paper was published when he was 42.
167:, the third of seven children born to Mary Ann and Elbridge Gerry Dodge. Though neither parent had a high school education, both had a strong love for literature, music and learning. Dodge's father was widely acquainted with the writings of
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as a special student in 1896, only to leave college less than a year later when his funds were exhausted. He returned to teaching until, at the age of 28, he had saved enough money to resume his formal education. He obtained a diploma from
486:, and her highly influential development of replica plating, the discovery of fertility factor F (inheritable sex change due to viral infection), temperate lambda bacteriophage, and her pioneering work in transduction.
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Dodge remained at
Columbia as Instructor of Botany until 1920, when he accepted an appointment as Plant Pathologist (in fruit diseases) in the Bureau of Plant Industry of the
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same winter, Bernard Dodge also worked at the local schoolhouse, one mile away, to sweep out the schoolhouse and build the fire. He earned five cents each school day.
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Bernard Dodge spent the first 20 years of his life working on the family farm. He recalled to biographer W. J. Robbins that at the age of 10 a bumper crop of
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as an "extra", carried on while pursuing his official duties as a plant pathologist. Nevertheless, Dodge's investigations laid the foundation for the use of
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in plates and flasks. So I had several plates and flasks (250 cc) standing on shelves in the
Arlington Farm greenhouses. I was much concerned to find that
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tailor with a basket full of "Pilze" (mushrooms) that were "gut fur essen" (good to eat)) aroused an interest in collecting fungi. Dodge sent
231:). Dodge returned to the University of Wisconsin in 1908, at the age of 36, and completed the requirements for the Ph.B. degree in 1909.
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319:. He was astounded to find that most of the spores had germinated. This discovery proved to be of importance later for his studies of
466:, Lederberg (nÊe Esther Miriam Zimmer) worked with Dodge under three scholarships between 1941 and 1942, conducting research in
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Zimmer, E. M., Aug. 1946, "MUTANT STRAINS OF NEUROSPORA DEFICIENT IN PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID", MA Thesis, Stanford
University
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381:, which was easy to grow and required little space (and only a few days) to complete its life cycle. These advantages made
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Giles, N. H. Jr., Lederberg, E. Z., March, 1948, "Induced reversions of biochemical mutants in
Neurospora crassa",
385:, in many respects, an ideal organism for the investigation of genetics and biochemical genetics. Dodge convinced
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has been good to many of us and it is your baby more than anyone else's. Thanks again for giving it to genetics.
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251:, and his wife Jennie presented him with MacIllwain's "One Thousand Edible Mushrooms" as a Christmas present.
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Dodge never developed a larger program involving an extensive study of spontaneous and induced mutations or
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665:, April 1945, "Quantitative Irradiation Experiments with Neurospora crassa. II. Ultraviolet Irradiation",
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Vol. XXXVI, National
Academy of Sciences, Columbia University Press, New York, NY, 1962, pp. 85â124.
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Francis T. Ryan and
Lindsay S. Olive, "The Importance of B. O. Dodge's Work for the Genetics of Fungi",
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32(4):226-235 Also: "Quantitative effects of radiation on mutation production in
Neurospora crassa",
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had gotten into some of the flasks as well as some plates. Practically all of them were soon bearing
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342:(dewberry) by grafting to young shoots of this species, and was trying to culture the rest on
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Though Dodge considered himself primarily a mycologist and a plant pathologist, his study of
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and Morgan took cultures with him when he transferred from Columbia University to the
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on a worldwide basis. In a letter to Dodge on November 1, 1959, George Beadle wrote:
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in fungi. Dodge was the author of over 150 papers dealing with the life histories,
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education until he was 20 years old. He taught high school and then entered the
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to the University of Wisconsin for identification, bought Atkinson's book on
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573:, vol. 133, no. 3455 (published March 17, 1961), pp. 741â2,
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As a graduate student and instructor at Columbia, Dodge investigated the
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Burned at the stake during the Salem, Massachusetts witch trials of 1692
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ROBBINS, W J (1961), "Bernard O. Dodge, mycologist, plant pathologist",
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Reminiscences of B.O. Dodge and the Beginnings of Neurospora Genetics.
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I shall not enumerate the factors involved in our selection of this
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genetics studies; and to C. C. Lindegren, who became interested in
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is regarded by many as his major work. As he told W. J. Robbins:
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I was, 1925-6, highly interested in studies on the blackberry
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Bernard Ogilvie Dodge was an eighth-generation descendant of
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Without your pioneer work, those of us who have made use of
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Another prominent scientist inspired directly by Dodge was
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At the University of Wisconsin, Dodge studied Botany under
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Over the next 30 years, Dodge published over 40 papers on
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laid the groundwork for the discoveries that earned
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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729:, Vol. 88, No. 2 (Mar-Apr 1961), pp. 118â120.
437:In his own Nobel Lecture, Edward L. Tatum wrote:
747:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
98:(18 April 1872 â 9 August 1960) was an American
462:as an intern while she was an undergraduate at
450:through T. H. Morgan, a close friend of Dodge.
482:before beginning her studies of the bacterium
474:tetrasperma. She wrote her Master's thesis on
409:mapping. In fact, he regarded his research on
718:William J. Robbins, "Bernard Ogilvie Dodge",
310:down a batch of test plates inside a hot-air
305:of several species of Ascobolus which rarely
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734:Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London
235:in Algoma, a chance meeting with an amateur
362:The ability to germinate the ascospores of
671:Records of the Genetics Society of America
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629:"Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg: Anecdotes"
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191:farm by teaching in the local schools.
187:, and supplemented the income from his
727:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
417:in the investigation of genetics and
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429:never could have done what we did.
736:, Vol. 173, Issue 1, p. 64-68.
395:California Institute of Technology
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315:plates he examined them under a
139:Dodge's work on the genetics of
697:International Plant Names Index
366:made it possible to define its
223:, where he also taught botany,
782:People from Mauston, Wisconsin
274:, he initiated his studies of
268:U.S. Department of Agriculture
1:
458:, who worked with him at the
258:. When Harper transferred to
587:10.1126/science.133.3455.741
525:Botanical Society of America
496:National Academy of Sciences
478:and published two papers on
270:. During his eight years in
516:British Mycological Society
206:Dodge did not complete his
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684:American Journal of Botany
667:American Journal of Botany
198:required operation of the
130:in the common bread mold,
102:and pioneer researcher on
511:Linnean Society of London
490:Professional associations
460:New York Botanical Garden
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673:, Number Thirteen, 1944
217:Milwaukee Normal School
212:University of Wisconsin
63:University of Wisconsin
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521:Torrey Botanical Club
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389:of the advantages of
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96:Bernard Ogilvie Dodge
23:Bernard Ogilvie Dodge
777:American mycologists
720:Biographical Memoirs
419:biochemical genetics
301:. He found that the
606:Lindegren, Carl C.
579:1961Sci...133..741R
533:author abbreviation
260:Columbia University
149:Edward Lawrie Tatum
145:George Wells Beadle
128:sexual reproduction
67:Columbia University
772:American botanists
387:Thomas Hunt Morgan
189:Mauston, Wisconsin
36:Mauston, Wisconsin
480:Neurospora crassa
476:Neurospora crassa
221:Algoma, Wisconsin
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74:Scientific career
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767:1960 deaths
762:1872 births
663:Demerec, M.
374:offspring.
208:high school
169:Shakespeare
159:Early years
153:Nobel Prize
51:Nationality
756:Categories
732:Obituary,
659:Zimmer, E.
555:References
538:B.O. Dodge
518:(honorary)
472:Neurospora
448:Neurospora
431:Neurospora
427:Neurospora
415:Neurospora
411:Neurospora
407:chromosome
391:Neurospora
383:Neurospora
379:Neurospora
368:life cycle
364:Neurospora
355:perithecia
340:blackberry
328:Neurospora
321:Neurospora
317:microscope
312:sterilizer
303:ascospores
283:Neurospora
276:Neurospora
237:mycologist
141:Neurospora
133:Neurospora
112:morphology
401:Influence
397:in 1928.
307:germinate
249:mushrooms
245:specimens
155:in 1958.
116:pathology
595:13742065
501:Sigma Xi
443:organism
344:cornmeal
291:taxonomy
285:research
241:Bohemian
229:geometry
120:genetics
108:cytology
104:heredity
100:botanist
84:Mycology
54:American
575:Bibcode
570:Science
372:haploid
225:physics
196:sorghum
181:Spenser
177:Chaucer
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544:citing
183:, and
80:Fields
336:rusts
173:Byron
124:fungi
591:PMID
347:agar
293:and
227:and
200:mill
185:Pope
151:the
147:and
118:and
43:Died
29:Born
583:doi
470:in
239:(a
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