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125:, and wanted to protect their investment against the Japanese rampage, so they hired Sindberg as a guard. The job was dangerous, but very well paid. Sindberg arrived in Nanjing on 2 December 1937, when he met the only other foreigner in the factory, the German Karl Gunther. After only 11 days, Japanese troops arrived and atrocities began. Sindberg went around in Nanjing and the surrounding area and documented with his camera what happened. The evidence, faded black-and-white photos and his own comments thereto, is assembled in an album, which is currently displayed at a museum in Texas.
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43:. Sindberg tried to help Chinese refugees by allowing them to stay in the concrete factory where he worked as a security guard; his photos, letters and experiences later played a role in the understanding of the massacre. His efforts saved from 6,000 to 20,000 Chinese from a cruel fate, and he has been honoured on several occasions, including the title "A friend of China".
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Three of
Bernhard's relatives, Bitten Andersen, Mariann Arp Stenvig, and Ole Sindberg, have been to China several times to receive honours on his behalf after his death; they have also met with survivors who have been spoken of details of Bernhard's efforts. One of them, Wang Yongli, stayed 100 days
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for the refugees. After six weeks, the situation started to get better for the locals, but the attacks and killings did not stop, but only slowed down. Inside the factory area, the refugees fought against disease, cold and hunger. Sindberg was starting to be under pressure, as the
Japanese soldiers
114:. They drove around Shanghai the next few months, for Stephens to find material for his articles describing the war. One day, the men climbed a water tower to look at the Japanese air strike on the city; it was here that Pembroke Stephens was killed by machine gun salvo from a Japanese aircraft.
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Sindberg's urge to travel started in his childhood years, when he ran away as a 2-year-old, but he was found and taken home again. The second time he ran away was on a bicycle. He managed to cycle halfway across the country. The third time he travelled even further and was first stopped at the
164:, although the document does not state what exactly those efforts were. He lived in the U.S. for the rest of his life. He married Blair Sinberg on May 4, 1941, but they were later divorced, without having had children. Sindberg died in California in 1983.
156:, where Sindberg was thanked and awarded with honours by a Chinese delegation for his efforts. Sindberg emigrated to the United States, and became a captain in the American merchant fleet. He was thanked for his efforts in the Navy during
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after a few loud arguments and scuffles with an officer on board. Sindberg escaped to further indictments and then had several different jobs, including one where he demonstrated Danish rifles to the
Chinese. However, the work of the
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Original photographs and manuscripts by
Sindberg can be found in the Bernhard Arp Sindberg Papers and Photography Collection (call no. PH-02638) at the Harry Ransom Center at The University of Texas at Austin.
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On Bitten
Andersen's initiative, the flower maker Rosa Eskelund named one of her yellow roses "Nanjing Forever - the Sindberg Rose". It is meant to grow in the beds outside of the
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in the city tried to sabotage his efforts. After almost 3 months, the
Japanese ran out of patience; Sindberg was dismissed and sent to Shanghai, where he took a ship to Europe.
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desert; after 10 months of service, he ran off into the mountains and managed to get out of the country as a stowaway on a ship.
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452:"Long overdue recognition for Dane who provided salvation to thousands of Chinese in the folds of the Dannebrog – The Post"
27:(19 February 1911 – 1983), also known as "Mr. Xin" or "Xinbo", "The Greatest Dane", or the "Shining Buddha" was born in
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He arrived in China in 1934 as a stowaway on a Danish merchant ship, trapped and handcuffed in the ship's
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Sindberg inspects the refugee camp that he and Karl
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in memory of
Bernhard Sindberg and the Chinese refugees he rescued from the massacre.
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at the cement factory as a teenager. He reported to the newspaper China Daily:
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1937-1938 A Dane in
Bloodstained Nanjing - Testimony on Humanity and Violence
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Sindberg and
Gunther escaped the Japanese bombing by displaying the Danish
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A picture of a dead child. Probably taken by Bernhard Sindberg.
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and the Danish government did not dare to bother the Japanese.
339:"Nanjing Massacre: Denmark honours hero who rescued Chinese"
39:, where he was one of few foreigners who witnessed the
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People assisting Chinese during the Nanjing Massacre
254:Homepage about the massacre and the memorial.
398:"He saved 20,000 Chinese in Nanjing Massacre"
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235:Bernhard Sindberg: The Schindler of Nanjing
35:. His travels in his youth brought him to
387:. Danish language. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
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506:Witnesses of the Nanjing Massacre
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184:Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall
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485:December 5, 2010, at the
160:in a letter by President
87:Second Sino-Japanese War
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263:Original reports from
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374:The Danish newspaper
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376:Berlingske Tidendes
213:The rape of Nanjing
117:The Danish company
111:The Daily Telegraph
52:America-steamer in
516:People from Aarhus
383:2009-11-07 at the
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500:Categories
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437:2010-10-22
412:2019-08-22
345:2024-05-29
281:References
230:7214062240
47:Early life
266:The Times
196:John Rabe
142:Red Cross
130:Dannebrog
78:detention
483:Archived
460:Archived
406:Archived
381:Archived
378:homepage
320:Archived
190:See also
102:Shanghai
66:Moroccan
123:Nanjing
58:Germany
54:Hamburg
33:Denmark
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154:Geneva
29:Aarhus
150:Italy
37:China
239:ISBN
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