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At the end of
November 1935, Carola Rosenberg-Blume traveled to the United States, and she returned to Germany two months later with a one-year job contract for Bernhard Blume at Mills College, a one-year research contract for herself, and visa application affidavits for the family. The very next day
639:
At age 65, Blume accepted a final academic appointment as the first professor of German in the
Department of Literature at the newly founded University of California, San Diego. He survived two heart attacks at age 68. He taught at San Diego for five years until fully retiring in 1971. During these
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In 1945, Blume was tapped to chair the German
Department at Ohio State University. The faculty position he vacated at Mills was filled by Olga Schnitzler, who had been married to Arthur Schnitzler from 1903 to 1922. At Ohio State Blume faced the administrative challenge of a temporary enrollment
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appointment. In 1936 he sent a letter to the
Reichsschrifttumskammer, the Nazi agency that controlled writers and publications in Germany, to protest his expulsion. Blume's political outlook gradually shifted from the Nietzschean nihilism of his early years to a democratic liberalism informed by
529:
Continuing to live in
Germany became increasingly untenable, and in order to prepare for emigration and a career change, Blume completed a doctorate with a dissertation on the nihilistic world view of Arthur Schnitzler, defended in June 1935. Blume's thesis director was the strongly pro-Nazi
564:
Filling the faculty position at Mills
College formerly held by Theodore Brohm, Blume not only headed the German program but would eventually reorganize the general curriculum in modern European literature. His wife also taught adult education courses from time to time, without a full-time
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on grounds both of race and her leftist political stance. For a few years Blume was able to continue as a playwright, but Nazi racial laws were tightened and he was finally subject to an official boycott of his plays because he was
879:, ed. Egon Schwarz and Fritz Martini (Heidelberg: Lambert Schneider, 1985). This autobiography has a comprehensive editorial apparatus on Blume's life and works, and it is the primary information source for this article.
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in 1967, and colleagues and former students established the
Bernhard Blume Awards for Excellence in German Studies for undergraduate and graduate students at Harvard, with an endowment by the Grubb Foundation.
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required to embark upon a career in secondary education and also completed the probationary period of teaching in
Stuttgart, but he was drawn to the theater and at age 22 made a career change. His first play,
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Following retirement he remained active up to the time of his death at age 77, coediting with Henry J. Schmidt of Ohio State
University a textbook for undergraduate students,
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On 1 April 1933, two months after the Nazi party's accession to power, Carola
Rosenberg-Blume was dismissed from her position as head of the women's division of the Stuttgart
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Professorship of German Art and Culture until retiring with emeritus status in 1966. During these years he published articles on Mann, Schnitzler, Rilke, Brecht,
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Jewish family with deep roots in Swabia and with whom he had two sons, Michael Wolfgang (1929–1994) and Frank Reinhart (1932–1998). In 1931, Blume enrolled at the
223:, noted for the construction of railroad cars. Five years later, when his father lost his position due to excessive drinking, the family relocated for a time from
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613:. Carola Rosenberg-Blume completed a Ph.D. in clinical psychology in 1949 and was employed as a psychologist at the Bureau of Juvenile Research in
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novella about the 18th-century slave trade, was written while he was still a student and staged in Stuttgart. In 1923–24 he worked in
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320:. His coursework focused on Germanic and modern Romance languages and literatures, and among his Romance philology professors were
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would prove to be his most consequential new hire. Blume continued to publish on Lessing, Goethe, Kleist, Mann, Rimbaud, Rilke,
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and the linguist Josef Haas, in whose house he lived for a time and whose approach to scholarship was a profound influence.
895:, ed. Hans Dietrich Irmscher and Werner Keller (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983), p. 121-138, here p. 122.
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ed. Egon Schwarz, Hunter G. Hannum, and Edgar Lohner (Göttingen: Vandenhock & Ruprecht, 1967), with contributions by
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585:. In 1942 he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen. Carola Rosenberg-Blume's father and other relatives were killed in
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and attended courses on German literature taught by Hermann Pongs and on psychology taught by Fritz Giese.
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Schatzgräber und Matrosen. Ein Stück in 3 Akten. Nach Robert Louis Stevensons Erzählung «Die Schatzinsel»
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71/4 (Winter 1979), pp. 369-370. See also Oskar Seidlin, “In Memoriam: Bernhard Blume (1901–1978)”,
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Frankfurt am Main: Wolfgang Krüger / Stuttgart: Verlag der Europäischen Bildungsgemeinschaft, 1976.
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which he reenacted at home with a puppet theater for his younger brother. He participated in the
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and taking up university studies. From 1919 to 1923, he matriculated at the universities of
199:. In addition to scholarly works, he authored several plays, a novel, and an autobiography.
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Aufsätze aus dem »Stuttgarter Neuen Tagblatt« und der »Stuttgarter Zeitung«, 1933-1966
691:. He was the recipient of two honorary doctorates, an LLD from Mills College in 1965 and a
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the family went to the American consulate, and on 30 April 1936 they disembarked from the
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Gelegenheit macht Diebe. Ein Lustspiel in 3 Akten. Nach einer Erzählung von Marcel Achard
651:(1973) and working on an autobiography, which was published posthumously under the title
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In 1955, he accepted an appointment at Harvard University, where he held the prestigious
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awarded him the Goethe Medal in Gold in 1964, and in 1970 he was named a Fellow of the
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449:. During these years Blume authored short newspaper and journal articles about Kleist,
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856:. Ed. Michael Blume. Transl. Hunter and Hildegard Hannum. New York: Peter Lang, 1992.
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Festschrift für Bernhard Blume. Aufsätze zur deutschen und europäischen Literatur,
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The Revolution of Nihilism: An Interpretation of the Works of Hermann Rauschning
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cluster of ship – water – island – shipwreck as well as six essays on Rilke.
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957:, Henry Hatfield, George Schoolfield, Walter Sokel, Bluma Goldstein, et al.
850:. Ed. Egon Schwarz and Fritz Martini. Heidelberg: Lambert Schneider, 1985.
581:’s nihilism; he also authored articles on Thomas Mann, Goethe, Kleist, and
239:, where his father was employed until his death as a section chief at the
655:(1985; English translation 1992). A posthumous collection of his essays,
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FĂĽrio! Dialektschwank in 7 Bildern. Schweizerische Dialektbearbeitung
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twice, in 1954-55 and 1963–64. In 1957, he was named a member of the
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In 1927 Blume married Carola Rosenberg (1899–1987), who came from a
385:(1926) was an even greater success and premiered simultaneously in
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541:, and Blume hewed to the Nazi line by characterizing nihilism in
437:, and Blume). His plays were strongly influenced by the works of
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degree from Harvard in 1956. His colleagues honored him with a
409:(1930). He also authored a documentary drama about the trial of
215:
Grabowsky) and Paul Blume. He was five when the family moved to
597:, necessitating the recruitment of additional teaching staff.
397:. In the following years, his most widely produced plays were
888:
Fritz Martini, "Ein vergessener Dramatiker: Bernhard Blume",
290:
movement and continued hiking with friends after passing the
647:(1974), as well as a volume of Rilke's correspondence with
545:
terms as a psychological manifestation of bourgeois decay.
829:
Rainer Maria Rilke. Briefe an Sidonie Nádherný von Borutin
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years he published articles on Kleist, Goethe, and Mann.
617:, where she worked on rehabilitating underage offenders.
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in Esslingen and during these years saw performances of
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Drama und Theater im 20. Jahrhundert. Festschrift fĂĽr
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Mary Akatiff Cudahy, "A Tribute to German at Mills",
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Martin W. Wierschin, “Zum Tode von Bernhard Blume”,
854:
A Life in Two Worlds: An Experiment in Autobiography
844:. Ed. Egon Schwarz. Frankfurt am Main: Insel, 1980.
514:in 1935. In 1936 he published a historical novel,
350:for the Upper Silesian Tri-City Theater (Beuthen -
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822:The Drama of Language: Essays on Goethe and Kleist
308:, attending lectures by noted academics including
179:(7 April 1901 – 22 July 1978) was an emigre from
1039:Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
877:Narziss mit Brille. Kapitel einer Autobiographie
1064:Harvard University Department of German faculty
848:NarziĂź mit Brille. Kapitel einer Autobiographie
770:Die SchwertbrĂĽder. Ein Schauspiel in drei Akten
183:who became a professor of German literature at
1024:20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
373:(1924), which premiered simultaneously at the
369:, an outer district of Stuttgart, he authored
791:Das nihilistische Weltbild Arthur Schnitzlers
522:. He also published articles on Schiller and
219:, where his father (1873–1931) worked at the
8:
16:German-American academic (1901 – 1978)
1089:University of California, San Diego faculty
720:Fahrt nach der SĂĽdsee. Ein StĂĽck in 3 Akten
358:) and then was appointed dramaturge of the
19:For other people named Bernhard Blume, see
842:Existenz und Dichtung. Essays und Aufsätze
677:Deutsche Akademie fĂĽr Sprache und Dichtung
144:Deutsche Akademie fĂĽr Sprache und Dichtung
25:
1084:Naturalized citizens of the United States
659:(1980), assembles seven articles on the
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824:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1970.
170:on the dustjacket of his autobiography.
136:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
250:Blume attended the humanities-focused
153:
836:German Literature: Texts and Contexts
689:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
645:German Literature: Texts and Contexts
168:Portrait photograph of Bernhard Blume
7:
921:See the Harvard University Archives
486:“related by marriage to a non-Aryan”
805:. Oakland: Eucalyptus, 1942. 17 pp.
799:. Oakland: Eucalyptus, 1939. 13 pp.
197:University of California, San Diego
974:51/4 (November 1978), pp. 441-442.
908:, Winter 2004, pp. 8-9, available
817:. Stuttgart: Turmhaus, n.d. 49 pp.
783:Das Wirtshaus »Zum roten Husaren«.
697:Washington University in St. Louis
14:
831:. Frankfurt am Main: Insel, 1973.
746:. Aarau: H. R. Sauerländer, 1930.
211:to north German parents, Hedwig (
1034:20th-century American memoirists
1029:20th-century German male writers
699:in 1972, as well as an honorary
560:Later years in the United States
221:Waggon- und Maschinenbau Görlitz
162:
1079:People from Esslingen am Neckar
1044:German male non-fiction writers
776:Das Wirtshaus zum roten Husaren
732:Treibjagd. Ein StĂĽck in 3 Akten
726:Bonaparte. Ein StĂĽck in 3 Akten
516:Das Wirtshaus zum roten Husaren
474:Technische Hochschule Stuttgart
96:Technische Hochschule Stuttgart
21:Bernhard Blume (disambiguation)
1094:University of Stuttgart alumni
838:. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.
834:(Ed., with Henry J. Schmidt.)
752:Im Namen des Volkes! Ein StĂĽck
1:
1074:Ohio State University faculty
734:. Munich: Georg MĂĽller, 1927.
728:. Munich: Georg MĂĽller, 1926.
722:. Munich: Georg MĂĽller, 1924.
987:On Blume's unpublished play
754:. Stuttgart: Chronos, 1929.
740:. Stuttgart: Chronos, 1928.
649:Sidonie Nádherná von BorutĂn
626:Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
506:(1934), based on Schiller's
502:, premiered in Berlin. His
276:Prince Friedrich von Homburg
793:. Stuttgart: Knöller, 1936.
772:. Leipzig: Dietzmann, 1935.
766:. Leipzig: Dietzmann, 1933.
760:. Stuttgart: Chronos, 1930.
520:Austria of the Turkish Wars
417:(1930), which premiered in
235:before finally settling in
105:Professor of German, author
1110:
778:. Berlin: SchĂĽtzen, 1936.
18:
820:(Ed.) Sigurd Burckhardt.
490:Schatzgräber und Matrosen
375:National Theatre Mannheim
241:Maschinenfabrik Esslingen
161:
587:Nazi extermination camps
264:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
407:Gelegenheit macht Diebe
405:(1928), and the comedy
360:Stuttgart State Theater
87:German, U.S. as of 1942
998:Carola Rosenberg-Blume
811:. Bern: Francke, 1949.
809:Thomas Mann und Goethe
494:Robert Louis Stevenson
203:Early years in Germany
121:Carola Rosenberg-Blume
54:Kingdom of WĂĽrttemberg
1069:Mills College faculty
1049:German male novelists
797:Hitler’s »Mein Kampf«
738:Feurio! Ein Lustspiel
657:Existenz und Dichtung
607:Hugo von Hofmannsthal
371:Fahrt nach der SĂĽdsee
189:Ohio State University
129:Goethe Medal in Gold
603:Elisabeth Langgässer
593:bulge caused by the
379:Staatstheater Berlin
76:La Jolla, California
939:Liselotte Dieckmann
681:Goethe-Gesellschaft
415:Im Namen des Volkes
401:(1927), the comedy
381:in 1925. His play
272:Heinrich von Kleist
237:Esslingen am Neckar
949:, Heinrich Henel,
630:Charles Baudelaire
583:Rainer Maria Rilke
579:Hermann Rauschning
411:Sacco and Vanzetti
256:Friedrich Schiller
207:Blume was born in
193:Harvard University
1054:German memoirists
990:Abschied von Wien
945:, Stuart Atkins,
673:Guggenheim Fellow
667:Awards and honors
653:NarziĂź mit Brille
553:George Washington
504:Die SchwertbrĂĽder
492:(1933), based on
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455:Franz Grillparzer
447:Arthur Schnitzler
327:Blume passed the
318:Heinrich Wölfflin
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340:Prosper Mérimée
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70:(1978-07-22)
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1019:1978 deaths
1014:1901 births
1000:(in German)
968:Monatshefte
706:Festschrift
567:Thomas Mann
543:Nietzschean
535: [
288:Wandervogel
260:The Robbers
229:Bremerhaven
84:Nationality
1059:Germanists
1008:Categories
943:Hans Mayer
863:References
575:Mein Kampf
488:. In 1934
383:Bonaparte
356:Hindenburg
348:dramaturge
280:Hoftheater
195:, and the
42:1901-04-07
595:G.I. Bill
512:Karlsruhe
399:Treibjagd
391:Wiesbaden
367:Degerloch
284:Stuttgart
113:1923–1978
50:Stuttgart
781:Also as
615:Columbus
470:Neudenau
427:Bruckner
352:Gleiwitz
306:TĂĽbingen
142:Member,
134:Fellow,
693:Litt.D.
661:motific
451:Klabund
435:Barlach
431:Bronnen
419:Leipzig
403:Feurio!
395:Hanover
344:Beuthen
336:Tamango
278:at the
233:Hanover
225:Görlitz
217:Silesia
993:(1938)
923:online
910:online
827:(Ed.)
685:Weimar
679:. The
632:, and
609:, and
571:Hitler
461:, and
445:, and
423:Brecht
393:, and
387:Munich
316:, and
304:, and
302:Berlin
298:Munich
270:, and
209:Swabia
147:(1983)
139:(1976)
131:(1963)
126:Awards
118:Spouse
78:, U.S.
695:from
539:]
701:A.M.
577:and
377:and
231:and
65:Died
36:Born
996:On
683:in
573:’s
551:SS
496:’s
346:as
282:in
274:’s
266:’s
258:’s
227:to
213:née
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941:,
636:.
628:,
605:,
589:.
537:de
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457:,
441:,
433:,
429:,
425:,
413:,
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312:,
300:,
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247:.
191:,
187:,
56:,
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925:.
912:.
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