30:
345:
93:
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left. Covered by a bombardment from 30 cannons, Deroy's 19th
Division stormed the village of Spas while Wrede's 20th Division attacked farther to the right. During the attack, Deroy was hit in the abdomen by a musket ball. He continued to lead his troops during the battle, but died of his injury on 23 August 1812. He was buried at the Saint Xavier Church in Polotsk. In recognition of his services, an order of nobility was bestowed on his wife and oldest son.
705:
another retreat and the Tyrol was cleared of
Bavarians by 18 August. On 17 October, the Tyroleans were surprised and badly beaten at Bodenbichl by General-Major Rechberg. After this, the three divisions of VII Corps retook the Tyrol. The fourth battle of Bergisel was fought and won by Wrede's troops on 1 November and the rebellion was stamped out. Deroy was promoted to General of Infantry on 1 January 1811.
693:
426:
549:
716:'s VI Corps. A discouraged Deroy wrote to King Maximilian Joseph on 22 June that he did not see how they would survive. The march into Russia was difficult and the Bavarian general reported to his king that the food was bad and the soldiers' uniforms and shoes had worn out. Because of this, he wrote, discipline was breaking down and the troops were depressed and insubordinate.
626:
well-handled
Austrian light cavalry. Deroy's infantry tried next. Raked by accurate artillery fire and counterattacked by cavalry, they too were defeated. Later in the day, three squadrons of Bavarian cavalry charged again and were mowed down by artillery fire. But as the survivors fell back from the deadly guns, a mass formation of French
639:
688:
suffered 50 dead and 30 wounded. Discouraged by the lack of local support, the
Tyroleans withdrew to the south. They returned to attack again on 29 May in the second battle. Deroy's 5,240 soldiers and 18 guns held their ground, losing 87 dead, 156 wounded, and 53 missing. The 1,200 Austrian regulars
293:
On 23 and 24 December, Deroy fought in the bridgehead of
Mannheim, which had come under attack. On 25 December the bridgehead fell to the French and four Austrian battalions became prisoners. The fortress came under siege the following year and Lieutenant General Baron von Belderbusch capitulated on
704:
on 5 and 6 July, Lefebvre and Deroy reoccupied
Innsbruck. In the third battle of Bergisel on 13 August, 18,000 Tyroleans sharply defeated Deroy's 3,000 troops. The Bavarians suffered 200 dead and 250 wounded while the irregulars lost 100 dead and 220 wounded. After taking hostages, Lefebvre ordered
625:
on 22 April, Davout and Deroy advanced from the west, while
Napoleon fell on Rosenberg's position from the south. The Austrians held a key position called the Bettel Berg with 3,000 infantry and 16 cannons. Deroy's cavalry brigade under General-Major Seydewitz attacked first and was driven back by
754:
on 17 August. He then built a concealed bridge and secretly shifted his small army to the north bank on the night of 17–18 August. At 3:00 PM, Saint-Cyr attacked the surprised
Russians with the Bavarian VI Corps on the right, the French II Corps in the center, and the French cavalry on the
512:
where his division arrived on 18 December. Prince Jerome's 22,000-strong IX Corps maintained the siege until 6 January 1807 when the fortress capitulated with 5,300 prisoners and 268 cannon. Bavarian casualties numbered 259 in the operation. Deroy then advanced with 13,000 troops to lay siege to
222:
until its capture in 1795. In 1800, he again fought as an ally of
Austria, leading a brigade of Bavarian troops in action. From the time Napoleon became the emperor of France, Bavaria became allied to France and Deroy capably led a division during the 1805, 1806–1807, 1809, and 1812 wars. He was
412:. In the disaster that followed, Deroy and 18 other Bavarian officers became prisoners of war along with thousands of Austrian and Bavarian rank and file. Zweibrücken had to catch an artillery horse in order to get away and even the archduke had a narrow escape.
301:
broke out in 1799 and in the spring of 1800, Lieutenant
General Christian Zweibrücken appointed Deroy to lead the 6,000-strong 1st Brigade as part of a German auxiliary corps allied with the Austrians. Deroy's command included the following battalions,
441:
in 1803, and in the following year he and Wrede introduced the new military regulations. On 21 April 1804, Deroy received promotion to Lieutenant General and was decorated with military awards. Napoleon awarded him the Grand Eagle of the
395:
and accompanied by Archduke John. Early in the morning, Kollowrat drove back the French 108th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade. To keep the attack rolling, the Austrian committed three of Deroy's battalions. However, the allies soon ran into
618:'s French III Corps and captured the village of Schierling. The Bavarians got no farther that day and Davout's attacks were also stopped. Bavarian losses were about 150 and French casualties 1,500, while the Austrians lost 3,000.
294:
20 September 1795. The French captured the 9,200-man garrison and 471 guns, of which all were Bavarians except one Austrian battalion. Deroy left the city on 22 September after agreeing not to serve in the war against France.
662:. At this, Napoleon demanded that Lefebvre mount a full-scale relief operation. On 11 May, Deroy relieved the 576-man garrison, which had held out for a month. With Wrede's and Deroy's divisions, Lefebvre routed
630:
trotted forward. The heavy cavalrymen swept aside a last despairing Austrian cavalry charge and overran the Bettel Berg. Elements of Deroy's cavalry brigade participated in the famous moonlight cavalry action at
1030:
squadrons of Bavarian horse were engaged. Since Wrede was at Landshut, and there were 16 squadrons in Deroy's and the Crown Prince's divisions, by deduction, some of Deroy's cavalry were engaged.
408:'s French division emerged from the forests to Kollowrat's left rear. After heavy fighting, Kollowrat's column was caught in a three-sided trap between the divisions of Richepanse, Grouchy, and
1376:
1366:
750:'s Russian I Corps. On the first day, the 30,000 Russians defeated the 24,000 Allies and Oudinot was wounded. Saint-Cyr took command and withdrew most of his troops to the south bank of the
1381:
485:
militia and sharpshooters. The assault ended in a bloody repulse, with 1,200 to 1,800 Bavarians out as casualties, including Deroy wounded. Saint-Julien only lost 200 men and one cannon.
352:
The series of Austrian defeats was ended by a truce on 15 July 1800. The armistice concluded in late November at which time the youthful and inexperienced Austrian commander
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1371:
457:
in response to the Austrian invasion. Deroy commanded a corps of two divisions, including his own and Wrede's. The French armies soon obliterated the Austrian army of
564:
and took charge of the 3rd Division in the VII Corps. This unit consisted of the 5th, 9th, 10th, and 14th Infantry Regiments, the 5th and 7th Light Battalions, the
1356:
533:
285:
and later appointed governor of Mannheim. In this position he became responsible for strengthening the fortifications in anticipation of a French attack.
684:
on 25 May 1809. Out of 4,000 soldiers and 12 guns, the Bavarians lost from 20 to 70 dead and from 100 to 150 wounded. The Austrians and Tyroleans under
29:
1351:
235:
on 11 December 1743, Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy's parents were General Matthias Bertram de Roy and Elizabeth Christine of Hofstatt. He was appointed
524:
under siege on 24 January, but the place resisted all attempts at capture. On 2 July, the Bavarians abandoned the effort. Now under the command of
611:
1309:
663:
689:
and 13,600 Tyroleans lost 90 dead and 160 wounded. Low on ammunition and food, Deroy evacuated Innsbruck on 30 May and retreated to Kufstein.
1268:
400:'s main line of resistance and were driven back by a powerful counterattack. Zweibrücken also sent two Bavarian battalions searching for
658:. In early May, Austrians and Tyrolean irregulars defeated General-Major Vincenti's brigade of the 3rd Division in its attempt to reach
210:
From a military family, Deroy entered the army as a junior officer at an early age. He rose in rank to become a general by the time the
1318:
1298:
1225:
1190:
384:
infantry battalions. With Wrede's brigade, the Bavarian contingent numbered 7,017 infantry, 828 cavalry, and 26 artillery pieces.
580:
on 16 April 1809. In a brief action, each side lost 150 to 200 killed and wounded. After an Austrian column crossed upstream at
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with 6,500 troops, but the Prussian garrison refused to give up after he bombarded the fortress on 28 and 29 June. The
1286:
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477:. Encouraged, Deroy ordered an attack on the Strub Pass, eight kilometers west of Lofer. The position was defended by
298:
1283:
The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book: Actions and Losses in Personnel, Colours, Standards and Artillery, 1792–1815
596:
1361:
557:
450:
211:
508:. After the Bavarians were replaced by a Württemberg division, the place surrendered on 2 December. He marched to
607:
180:
132:
478:
353:
344:
281:
1323:
1256:
739:
671:
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255:
of an infantry company on 5 September 1763. His next promotion occurred on 30 October 1775 when he became a
330:
196:
184:
1248:
1237:
572:
Chevau-légers, and 18 pieces of artillery. After the Austrian invasion, Deroy held the west bank of the
388:
219:
449:
The latter award was possible because Bavaria became a secret ally of France against Austria. When the
1084:
Smith, p 313. Smith calls it a Bavarian victory, but Deroy was forced to abandon Innsbruck soon after.
391:
on 3 December 1800, the Bavarians marched with the Left Center Column, which was under the command of
364:. John's 65,500-man main body lay just to the east. In Zweibrücken's Bavarian Division, Deroy led the
1346:
1341:
622:
338:
244:
504:
during 1806 and 1807. In November 1806, Deroy's 1st Bavarian Division laid siege to the fortress of
681:
600:
561:
443:
188:
176:
151:
128:
329:, a battery of foot artillery and a battery of horse artillery. On 12 May, the 2nd Brigade led by
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525:
405:
204:
97:
92:
667:
1314:
1294:
1264:
1221:
1213:
1202:
1186:
655:
593:
701:
497:
397:
392:
326:
1290:
743:
537:
482:
466:
192:
168:
136:
709:
361:
264:
252:
1335:
751:
732:
685:
632:
585:
462:
236:
200:
437:
named Deroy to a commission to improve and reorganize the army. He led a brigade at
615:
469:. On 1 November, Bavarian Oberst Pompei successfully rushed several positions near
454:
256:
540:
ended the fighting. On 27 November, he was named to the Privy Council of Bavaria.
505:
1278:
719:
627:
357:
638:
1260:
1253:
Napoleon's Great Adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army 1792–1914
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529:
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409:
306:
248:
680:
was occupied but Deroy's 3rd Division came under attack in the first of the
677:
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on 20 October. This freed the Bavarian contingent to operate against the
438:
271:
Infantry Regiment on 8 June 1784. On 21 December 1787 he returned to the
232:
215:
52:
501:
172:
117:
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76:
56:
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broke out in September 1805, the Bavarian army withdrew north to the
276:
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and commanding officer. On 3 November 1792, Deroy was promoted to
573:
223:
mortally wounded in 1812 during Napoleon's campaign in Russia.
614:'s Austrian IV Armeekorps. He advanced on the right flank of
348:
Deroy was captured by the French at the Battle of Hohenlinden
175:. His military career began shortly after the start of the
696:
Deroy was mortally wounded at the First Battle of Polotsk
356:
assembled 15,762 Bavarians and Württembergers behind the
183:
he first served on the side of the Coalition against the
517:. On 17 January Brzeg surrendered with 1,450 prisoners.
500:. He undertook several sieges of Prussian fortresses in
481:'s 1,500-man Austrian brigade with the support of local
243:
Infantry Regiment at a very young age and fought in the
1232:
Napoleon's Last Victory and the Emergence of Modern War
712:
in 1812, Deroy commanded the 19th Infantry Division in
488:
On 1 March 1806, Deroy received the Grand Cross of the
1185:
Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2005.
404:'s tardy Left Column to the south. Instead of Riesch,
325:, plus a company of sharpshooters, three squadrons of
1234:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1994.
1212:
Coates-Wright, Philipp. "Gouvion St.-Cyr: The Owl".
560:, Deroy relinquished command of the 1st Division to
163:(11 December 1743 – 23 August 1812) from the
142:
124:
113:
103:
86:
62:
39:
20:
670:on 13 May. Chasteler, who had been supporting the
1377:Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Max Joseph
1367:Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
528:, Deroy participated in the storm and capture of
333:joined the corps. He fought at the Battle of the
1382:Military personnel killed in the Napoleonic Wars
642:Deroy relieved Kufstein fortress on 11 May 1809.
496:, Deroy was placed under the command of Prince
674:, was soon after ordered to abandon the area.
650:on 24 April, Napoleon urged Lefebvre to seize
263:Infantry Regiment. He was elevated in rank to
1199:. Arlington, Texas: Empire Games Press, 1980.
8:
1155:
1153:
1010:Petre, pp 180–181. Petre writes that from 10
599:, Deroy was present but not engaged in the
1244:. New York: Hippocrene Books, (1909) 1976.
28:
17:
654:and relieve the Bavarian garrison of the
606:On 21 April, as Napoleon was winning the
1387:People of the War of the First Coalition
1372:German commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
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214:broke out. He defended his home city of
764:
746:commanding the II and VI Corps against
612:Prince Franz Seraph of Rosenberg-Orsini
435:Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of Bavaria
1195:Bowden, Scotty & Tarbox, Charlie.
664:Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles
552:Napoleon addressing Bavarian soldiers
337:River on 5 June and at the Battle of
199:, were dominant personalities in the
7:
1357:People from the Electoral Palatinate
1310:Moscow 1812: Napoleon's Fatal March
610:to the south, Deroy fought against
532:on 24 June 1807. He moved against
14:
1242:Napoleon and the Archduke Charles
742:began on 16 August, with Marshal
1352:Military personnel from Mannheim
700:After Napoleon's victory in the
187:, then fought as an ally of the
91:
562:Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria
1:
648:Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
247:on 27 June 1757. He became a
714:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
646:After Eckmühl and the minor
490:Military Order of Max Joseph
429:Military Order of Max Joseph
165:Electorate of the Palatinate
147:Military Order of Max Joseph
1287:Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania
1220:New York: Macmillan, 1987.
494:War of the Fourth Coalition
299:War of the Second Coalition
195:. Deroy and his colleague,
1403:
1326:Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy
1209:New York: Macmillan, 1966.
1207:The Campaigns of Napoleon.
1183:Marengo & Hohenlinden.
792:Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy
708:When Napoleon invaded the
558:War of the Fifth Coalition
451:War of the Third Coalition
241:Count Palatine Karl August
212:War of the First Coalition
161:Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy
34:Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy
22:Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy
1197:Armies on the Danube 1809
939:Bowden & Tarbox, p 62
534:Srebrna Góra (Silberburg)
289:French Revolutionary Wars
181:French Revolutionary Wars
133:French Revolutionary Wars
27:
1324:German Knowledge (XXG),
1168:Coates-Wright, p 135 map
790:German Knowledge (XXG),
597:François Joseph Lefebvre
556:At the beginning of the
479:Franz Xaver Saint-Julien
473:which lies southwest of
354:Archduke John of Austria
282:General-Feldwachtmeister
251:on 14 February 1761 and
218:against the army of the
1257:Stroud, Gloucestershire
740:First Battle of Polotsk
723:Statue of Deroy at the
592:. Under the command of
584:, he fell back through
459:Karl Mack von Lieberich
402:Johann Sigismund Riesch
267:while belonging to the
1249:Rothenberg, Gunther E.
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331:Karl Philipp von Wrede
197:Karl Philipp von Wrede
185:French revolutionaries
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389:Battle of Hohenlinden
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220:First French Republic
1218:Napoleon's Marshals.
1159:Coates-Wright, p 133
903:Rothenberg, pp 92–93
339:Neuburg an der Donau
245:Battle of Hastenbeck
1230:Epstein, Robert M.
894:Chandler, p 393 map
682:Battles of Bergisel
601:Battle of Abensberg
273:Duke of Zweibrücken
261:Duke of Zweibrücken
189:First French Empire
748:Peter Wittgenstein
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672:Tyrolean Rebellion
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608:Battle of Landshut
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526:Dominique Vandamme
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406:Antoine Richepanse
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311:Elector of Bavaria
205:Napoleon Bonaparte
203:during the era of
98:Kingdom of Bavaria
1362:Bavarian generals
1270:978-1-86227-383-2
1238:Petre, F. Loraine
1181:Arnold, James R.
1147:Smith, pp 386–387
1075:Smith, pp 311–312
1048:Petre, pp 247–248
930:Smith, pp 251–253
912:Smith, pp 210–211
811:Smith, pp 104–105
656:Kufstein Fortress
623:Battle of Eckmühl
510:Wrocław (Breslau)
201:Bavarian military
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1313:, Harper, 2004.
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498:Jerome Bonaparte
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398:Emmanuel Grouchy
393:Johann Kollowrat
177:Seven Years' War
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715:
711:
706:
703:
694:
690:
687:
686:Andreas Hofer
683:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
640:
636:
634:
633:Alteglofsheim
629:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
604:
603:on 20 April.
602:
598:
595:
591:
587:
586:Pfeffenhausen
583:
579:
575:
571:
568:Dragoons and
567:
563:
559:
550:
544:1809 and 1812
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:Koźle (Kosel)
520:Deroy placed
518:
516:
515:Brzeg (Brieg)
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:Battle of Ulm
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
440:
436:
427:
420:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
346:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Chevau-légers
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
300:
295:
288:
286:
284:
283:
278:
274:
270:
266:
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234:
226:
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208:
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202:
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194:
190:
186:
182:
179:. During the
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
153:
148:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
102:
99:
94:
89:
85:
82:
79:, modern-day
78:
65:
61:
58:
55:, modern-day
54:
42:
38:
31:
26:
19:
16:
1325:
1308:
1282:
1279:Smith, Digby
1252:
1241:
1231:
1217:
1206:
1196:
1182:
1164:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1111:Smith, p 336
1107:
1102:Smith, p 333
1098:
1093:Smith, p 331
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1057:Smith, p 301
1053:
1044:
1039:Petre, p 221
1035:
1006:
1001:, pp 166–167
998:
993:
988:, pp 162–163
985:
980:
975:Petre, p 163
971:
966:Petre, p 159
962:
957:Smith, p 290
953:
944:
935:
926:
921:Smith, p 239
917:
908:
899:
890:
881:
873:
868:
863:, pp 230–232
860:
855:
847:
842:
837:, pp 212–213
834:
829:
821:
816:
807:
798:
791:
737:
707:
699:
676:
645:
635:that night.
620:
616:Louis Davout
605:
569:
565:
555:
519:
487:
448:
432:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Grenadiers,
365:
351:
341:on 27 June.
322:
318:
314:
310:
303:
296:
292:
280:
272:
268:
260:
240:
230:
227:Early career
209:
160:
159:
125:Battles/wars
15:
1347:1812 deaths
1342:1743 births
948:Petre, p 87
802:Smith, p 96
628:cuirassiers
374:Schlossburg
323:Schlossberg
269:Rodenhausen
191:during the
120:of Infantry
1336:Categories
1261:Spellmount
1176:References
590:Siegenburg
574:Isar River
570:Bubenhoven
455:Main River
410:Michel Ney
315:Morawitzky
307:Grenadiers
249:lieutenant
87:Allegiance
70:1812-08-24
47:1743-12-11
678:Innsbruck
576:opposite
492:. In the
421:1805–1807
358:Inn River
149:, GC 1806
1281:(1998).
1251:(2007).
660:Kufstein
652:Salzburg
582:Moosburg
578:Landshut
483:Tyrolean
475:Salzburg
439:Landshut
433:In 1801
360:west of
233:Mannheim
231:Born in
216:Mannheim
109:Infantry
104:Service/
53:Mannheim
1025:⁄
1015:⁄
997:Arnold
984:Arnold
876:, p 247
874:Marengo
872:Arnold
861:Marengo
859:Arnold
850:, p 277
848:Marengo
846:Arnold
835:Marengo
833:Arnold
824:, p 203
822:Marengo
820:Arnold
666:at the
621:In the
594:Marshal
502:Silesia
461:at the
387:In the
382:Minucci
378:Stengel
372:Light,
259:in the
253:captain
239:in the
173:Bavaria
118:General
81:Belarus
77:Polotsk
68: (
57:Germany
45: (
1317:
1297:
1267:
1224:
1216:, ed.
1189:
999:Crisis
986:Crisis
729:Munich
380:, and
370:Metzen
277:Oberst
237:ensign
154:, 1804
143:Awards
106:branch
1020:to 14
759:Notes
566:Taxis
471:Lofer
467:Tyrol
366:Reuss
335:Iller
304:Reuss
257:major
1315:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1265:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1187:ISBN
738:The
297:The
114:Rank
63:Died
40:Born
731:by
727:in
588:to
275:as
1338::
1293:.
1289::
1285:.
1263:.
1259::
1255:.
1240:.
1205:.
1152:^
767:^
446:.
376:,
321:,
317:,
313:,
309:,
207:.
1303:.
1273:.
1027:2
1023:1
1017:2
1013:1
72:)
49:)
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