271:, which is 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and is composed of a short style and a broad stigma. The plant produces bunches of succulent, acidic, edible berries that are bright red in color and have medicinal properties. The fruits start ripening from the second week of May and continue to do so throughout June. The berries are approximately 7 mm (0.28 in) long, 4 mm (0.16 in) in diameter, and weigh about 227 mg (0.0080 oz).
244:
46:
235:
be removed by hand in longitudinal strips. The leaves are arranged in tufts of five to eight and are approximately 4.9 cm (1.9 in) long and 1.8 cm (0.71 in) broad. The leaves are deep green on the dorsal surface and light green on the ventral surface. The leaves are simple with pinnate venation. The leaves are leathery in texture and are toothed, with several to many small indentations along the margin of the leaf.
33:
292:
234:
is characterized by an erect spiny shrub, ranging between 2 and 3 m (6.6 and 9.8 ft) in height. It is a woody plant, with bark that appears yellow to brown from the outside and deep yellow from the inside. The bark is covered with three-branched thorns, which are modified leaves, and can
317:
A preparation called rasaunt is prepared by boiling the bark of the root and of the lower part of the stem in water. The solution is then strained and evaporated until a semi-solid mass, rasaunt, is obtained. It is mixed with either butter and alum, or with opium and lime-juice.
279:
The fruits of the species are eaten by people living in areas where the plant is found, often as a dessert. They are juicy and contain plenty of sugars and other useful nutrients that supplement their diet. The roots can also be used for making an alcoholic drink.
254:
The flowering season begins in mid-March and lasts throughout the month of April. The yellow flowers that develop are complete and hermaphroditic. The average diameter of a fully opened flower is 12.5 mm (0.49 in). The flowers form a racemose
263:, arranged along a central stem. The flower is polysepalous, with three large and three small sepals, and polypetalous, with six petals in total. The male reproductive structure, the
765:
700:
496:
713:
400:
267:, is polyandrous and contains six stamens, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long. There is one female reproductive structure, the
739:
648:
635:
827:
770:
350:
283:
The plant as a whole is a good source of dye and tannin which is used for dyeing clothes and for tanning leather.
45:
832:
504:
873:
588:
653:
626:
149:
718:
780:
674:
801:
568:
840:
40:
806:
757:
868:
788:
661:
454:
392:
216:
793:
548:
538:
444:
434:
373:
83:
819:
527:"Developing the medicinal plants sector in northern India: challenges and opportunities"
243:
814:
553:
526:
449:
418:
70:
862:
752:
256:
198:
116:
480:
845:
106:
666:
640:
310:
is used in traditional herbal medicine. Its stem, roots, and fruits are used in
726:
620:
32:
264:
611:
439:
687:
322:
296:
268:
220:
212:
543:
458:
396:
605:
311:
203:
126:
96:
705:
342:
325:, which has been studied for its potential pharmacological properties.
731:
374:"Predictive distribution modeling for rare Himalayan medicinal plant
260:
582:
291:
744:
692:
572:
290:
242:
57:
417:
Rathi, Bhawana; Sahu, Juhi; Koul, Sameksha; Kosha, R. L. (2013).
679:
586:
372:
Ray, Rajasri; Gururaja, K. V.; Ramchandra, T. V. (2011).
215:
in India and in Nepal. It is also naturally found in the
485:. New Delhi, India: Kalyani Publishers. pp. 10–14.
595:
8:
349:. Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
321:The root bark contains the bitter alkaloid
583:
31:
20:
552:
542:
531:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
448:
438:
474:
472:
470:
468:
419:"Detailed pharmacognostical studies on
334:
479:Parmar, C. & M.K. Kaushal (1982).
406:from the original on 25 November 2011.
197:, is a shrub belonging to the family
7:
781:f3daa919-64de-4a16-a35b-a31cda4f0c99
482:Berberis aristata, in: "Wild Fruits"
353:from the original on 25 January 2022
14:
833:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:106427-1
525:Kala, C.P.; et al. (2006).
385:Journal of Environmental Biology
44:
1:
503:. Flora Cafe. Archived from
259:, with 11 to 16 flowers per
890:
219:of southern India and in
155:
148:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
440:10.4103/0257-7941.131981
427:Ancient Science of Life
299:, an alkaloid found in
544:10.1186/1746-4269-2-32
303:
295:Chemical structure of
251:
183:Mara manjal (மரமஞ்சள்)
294:
246:
304:
252:
239:Flowers and fruits
856:
855:
807:Berberis aristata
789:Open Tree of Life
627:Berberis aristata
597:Berberis aristata
589:Taxon identifiers
499:Berberis aristata
421:Berberis aristata
376:Berberis aristata
345:Berberis aristata
248:Berberis aristata
232:Berberis aristata
217:Nilgiri Mountains
211:is native to the
174:Berberis aristata
170:
169:
159:Berberis aristata
25:Berberis aristata
881:
849:
848:
836:
835:
823:
822:
810:
809:
797:
796:
784:
783:
774:
773:
761:
760:
748:
747:
735:
734:
722:
721:
709:
708:
696:
695:
683:
682:
670:
669:
657:
656:
644:
643:
631:
630:
629:
616:
615:
614:
584:
577:
576:
565:
559:
558:
556:
546:
522:
516:
515:
513:
512:
493:
487:
486:
476:
463:
462:
452:
442:
414:
408:
407:
405:
382:
369:
363:
362:
360:
358:
339:
177:, also known as
161:
141:B. aristata
49:
48:
35:
21:
16:Species of shrub
889:
888:
884:
883:
882:
880:
879:
878:
859:
858:
857:
852:
844:
839:
831:
826:
818:
813:
805:
800:
792:
787:
779:
777:
769:
764:
756:
751:
743:
738:
730:
725:
717:
712:
704:
699:
691:
686:
678:
673:
665:
660:
652:
647:
639:
634:
625:
624:
619:
610:
609:
604:
591:
581:
580:
567:
566:
562:
524:
523:
519:
510:
508:
495:
494:
490:
478:
477:
466:
416:
415:
411:
403:
380:
371:
370:
366:
356:
354:
341:
340:
336:
331:
289:
277:
241:
229:
179:Indian barberry
166:
163:
157:
144:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
887:
885:
877:
876:
871:
861:
860:
854:
853:
851:
850:
846:wfo-0000562794
837:
824:
811:
798:
785:
775:
762:
749:
736:
723:
710:
697:
684:
671:
658:
645:
632:
617:
601:
599:
593:
592:
587:
579:
578:
560:
517:
488:
464:
433:(4): 234–240.
409:
391:(6): 725–730.
364:
333:
332:
330:
327:
288:
287:Medicinal uses
285:
276:
273:
240:
237:
228:
225:
201:and the genus
168:
167:
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
886:
875:
874:Flora of Asia
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
847:
842:
838:
834:
829:
825:
821:
816:
812:
808:
803:
799:
795:
790:
786:
782:
776:
772:
767:
763:
759:
754:
750:
746:
741:
737:
733:
728:
724:
720:
715:
711:
707:
702:
698:
694:
689:
685:
681:
676:
672:
668:
663:
659:
655:
650:
646:
642:
637:
633:
628:
622:
618:
613:
607:
603:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
574:
570:
564:
561:
555:
550:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
518:
507:on 2012-03-20
506:
502:
500:
492:
489:
484:
483:
475:
473:
471:
469:
465:
460:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
432:
428:
424:
422:
413:
410:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
379:
377:
368:
365:
352:
348:
346:
338:
335:
328:
326:
324:
319:
315:
313:
309:
302:
298:
293:
286:
284:
281:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:inflorescence
249:
245:
238:
236:
233:
226:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
200:
199:Berberidaceae
196:
195:tree turmeric
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:
162:
160:
154:
151:
150:Binomial name
147:
143:
142:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:Berberidaceae
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:Tracheophytes
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
596:
563:
534:
530:
520:
509:. Retrieved
505:the original
498:
491:
481:
430:
426:
420:
412:
388:
384:
375:
367:
355:. Retrieved
344:
337:
320:
316:
307:
305:
300:
282:
278:
253:
247:
231:
230:
208:
202:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
172:
171:
158:
156:
140:
139:
127:
107:Ranunculales
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
820:kew-2673438
727:iNaturalist
621:Wikispecies
569:"Berberine"
308:B. aristata
301:B. aristata
209:B. aristata
84:Angiosperms
863:Categories
815:Plant List
511:2011-05-11
329:References
306:In India,
265:androecium
227:Morphology
758:147027786
423:DC plant"
323:berberine
297:berberine
269:gynoecium
221:Sri Lanka
213:Himalayas
135:Species:
54:Kingdom:
869:Berberis
745:106427-1
606:Wikidata
459:24991073
401:Archived
397:22471208
351:Archived
312:Ayurveda
204:Berberis
128:Berberis
113:Family:
97:Eudicots
794:1032868
706:3982087
680:5514504
612:Q814377
554:1562365
450:4078475
357:22 June
123:Genus:
103:Order:
58:Plantae
778:NZOR:
771:659592
732:581032
654:494506
641:114160
551:
537:: 32.
457:
447:
395:
261:raceme
250:fruits
187:chutro
693:BEBAR
573:WebMD
404:(PDF)
381:(PDF)
193:, or
191:sumba
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
828:POWO
802:PfaF
766:NCBI
753:IUCN
740:IPNI
719:6815
714:GRIN
701:GBIF
688:EPPO
667:LJG7
649:BOLD
636:APNI
455:PMID
393:PMID
359:2022
275:Uses
841:WFO
675:EoL
662:CoL
549:PMC
539:doi
501:DC"
445:PMC
435:doi
378:DC"
347:DC"
165:DC.
865::
843::
830::
817::
804::
791::
768::
755::
742::
729::
716::
703::
690::
677::
664::
651::
638::
623::
608::
571:.
547:.
533:.
529:.
467:^
453:.
443:.
431:32
429:.
425:.
399:.
389:32
387:.
383:.
314:.
223:.
207:.
189:,
185:,
181:,
93::
80::
67::
575:.
557:.
541::
535:2
514:.
497:"
461:.
437::
361:.
343:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
