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691:, over the party's leadership and direction. Kook, who had returned to Israel after a ten-year absence, was now confronted with the reality that the country and movement he had fought for bore little resemblance to his ideals. Kook and Jabotinsky served as independent or "single" MKs for the remaining months of their terms, the first ever to do so. Profoundly disillusioned with the Israeli political process and future of the Revisionist movement, Kook left Israel in 1951 with his wife and daughter. In 1968, four years after his wife's death, he returned to Israel with his two daughters. He remarried in 1975 and lived near
530:, who had become chief of the Irgun in 1943. Begin admonished Kook for various policy positions that strayed from the official Irgun party-line. These included Kook focusing on the transportation of illegal immigrants to Palestine instead of a "primary" assignment - arms shipments to Irgun fighters, as well as a (rather common) usage of the term "Palestine". At the time Kook was in the habit of saying "Palestine Free State", which Begin thought left too much potential for bi-nationalism. Begin demanded that Kook refer to the future Jewish state as the "Free State of Eretz Israel".
625:, in recorded lectures, would bemoan the betrayal of the Rabbis' mission by Stephen Wise, who dismissed them as a group of Orthodox rabbis who didn't represent anyone. A week later, Senator William Warren Barbour (R; New Jersey), one of a handful of politicians who met with the rabbis on the steps of the US Capitol, proposed legislation that would have allowed as many as 100,000 victims of the Holocaust to emigrate temporarily to the United States. A parallel bill was introduced in the House of Representatives by Rep.
42:
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trying to attract the
American public to support the Irgun's rebellion. Kook remained strongly affiliated with the Revisionist camp after the war during the creation of the State of Israel. While he was unquestionably loyal to the cause, his position as the Irgun's leading American activist was not free from conflict. In 1946 Kook received a letter from
809:, co-authors of a 2002 Kook biography, suggested that, despite the frequent obstruction by the modern American Jewish establishment, Kook's rescue group's activism was the major factor in establishment of the War Refugee Board and that it was an instrument rescuing approximately 200,000, partly by means of the
865:
We, the
Hebrews, descendants of the ancient Hebrew nation, who remained alive on God's earth despite that great calamity that our people have experienced, have come together in the Hebrew Committee of National Liberation. The Jews today who live in the European hell together with the Jews in the Land
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had made a conscious choice to become "integrated" citizens of their naturalized countries. Making a distinction between Jews and
Hebrews was another point of contention between Kook and the Irgun leadership as early as the mid–1940s. Kook's views have been described as a more moderate version of the
302:
While in
America, Kook led a group of Irgun activists under the pseudonym "Peter Bergson." The name "Bergson Group" or "Bergsonites" eventually became used to refer to all the members of Kook's immediate circle. The Bergson Group was composed of a hard-core cadre of ten Irgun activists from Europe,
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Since the late 1990s, some historians have attempted to re-examine and evaluate the significance of his activities during World War II and his role as a political opponent of Begin. One allegation is that Kook's adversaries in Israel and
America downplayed some of his accomplishments and minimized
323:
advocacy groups, such as the
American Friends for a Jewish Palestine and the Organizing Committee of Illegal Immigration. The group also founded some separate initiatives of its own, specifically the Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless and Palestinian Jews, whose goal was the formation of an
551:
to investigate the
Bergson Group's finances in an attempt to discredit them, hoping to find misappropriation, or at least careless bookkeeping, of the large amount of funds the groups handled. The United States IRS found no financial irregularities. Among those trying to stop the Bergson Group's
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The Irgun declared an open revolt against
British rule in Palestine. To assist in recruiting and propaganda efforts, Kook established the Hebrew Committee for National Liberation and the American League for a Free Palestine, both of which were involved in lobbying U.S. and other diplomats and in
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Kook had a specific body of critiques concerning what he saw as the distortion of
Zionist philosophy and idealism by Israeli politics. He maintained that he had always conceived of Israel being a "Jewish state" by having a majority of Jewish citizens, not through specific associations to Jewish
707:
While Kook never re-entered politics, he continued to give interviews in which he articulated his independent perspectives on
Zionism, Jewish identity, and Israeli politics. He held that Jabotinsky's primary goal in creating a Jewish state was in making a country to which all Jews would want to
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I, who was the liaison officer of the Irgun central command with Jabotinsky, and who accompanied him almost daily for four years—remained loyal to his teachings. I also believe that the Land of Israel, on both banks of the Jordan River, is our historic homeland. But I am also certain that had
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The role of Hillel Kook was played twice onstage by actor Steven Schub (lead singer of The Fenwicks), in 2008 at The Fountain Theatre and in 2009 at the Odyssey Theatre in Los Angeles. Actor Raphael (Rafi) Poch (Artistic Director of J-Town Playhouse) played Hillel Kook in Jerusalem.
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began to reach the United States, Kook and his fellow activists became more involved in trying to raise awareness about the fate of the Jews in Europe. This included putting full-page advertisements in leading newspapers, such as "Jews Fight for the Right to Fight", published in
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with Jabotinsky in 1940, where he soon served as the head of the Irgun and revisionist mission in America, following the elder's death in August. This assignment was clandestine, and Kook publicly denied he was affiliated with the Irgun many times while in America.
393:
In 1943, Kook established the Emergency Committee for the Rescue of European Jewry. The Committee, which included Jewish and non-Jewish American writers, public figures, and politicians, worked to disseminate information to the general public, and also lobbied the
754:, by providing all of Israel's citizens with a clearly defined, and egalitarian, role in Israeli nationalism. He once remarked that the lack of a constitution was "Israel's greatest tragedy": that Ben-Gurion's decision to change the Israeli governing body from a
538:
In July of 1943, Kook and his followers began a campaign to lobby Congress for a resolution to create an independent agency to save European Jews. In this effort, they were opposed by American Zionist and progressive Jewish organizations. In December 1943, the
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of Israel constitute the Hebrew nation—there isn't another nation to which they owe their allegiance but the Hebrew nation. We must state it clearly: the Jews in the United States do not belong to the Hebrew nation. These Jews are Americans of Hebrew descent.
749:
Kook was also a strong supporter of Israel's constitution, which had been stalled during its writing in 1948 and never completed. Kook claimed that a formal constitution could have solved many ongoing issues in Israeli society, such as discrimination against
737:" vision of Israel gave him a great deal of ideological flexibility regarding some of Israel's more intractable problems. Accordingly, he supported all non-Jewish citizens of Israel with full rights and privileges, and once, in an interview with an Israeli
175:. His rescue group's activism was the main factor leading to President Roosevelt establishing the US War Refugee Board, which protected and rescued tens of thousands and possibly many more, partly via the Wallenberg mission. He later served in Israel's
617:. The march garnered much media attention, much of it focused on what was seen as the cold and insulting dismissal of many important community leaders, as well as the people in Europe they were fighting for. One Jewish newspaper commented,
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for Jews residing outside Israel to be limited to a few years after Independence (1948) and to consider prospective immigrants on an individual, and not on a national or religious basis, except for cases of immediate danger.
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to take immediate action to save the remnants of Europe's Jews. United States immigration laws at the time limited immigration to only 2% of the number of each nationality present in the United States since the
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Jabotinsky lived today, he would have argued that now, after we've achieved our independence, our mission is to attain peace in order to establish the Israeli people as the political heir of the Jewish people.
645:
In 1947, the Bergson Group had purchased a ship originally intended to carry new immigrants to Palestine, but, perhaps partially due to Begin's influence, was eventually used to ship arms. The ship was named
672:, Kook was arrested with four other senior Irgun commanders and held for over two months. Of the five, only Kook was a member of the Bergson Group. The five were eventually released after about two months.
270:, a group of militant Haganah dissidents, and fought with them in Palestine through most of the 1930s. He served as a post commander in 1936, and eventually became a member of the Irgun General Staff.
766:, and that he regretted not having resigned from the Knesset immediately after the decision had been made. Kook also favored the creation of a Palestinian state, albeit one established in modern-day
564:. A State Department protocol shows Goldmann telling the State Department that Hillel Kook did not represent organized Jewry, and suggested either deporting him or drafting him for the war effort.
378:", memorializing the 2,000,000 European Jews who had already been murdered. Forty thousand people saw the pageant that first night, and it went on to play in five other major cities including
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launched a public attack against Bergson and his supporters in an attempt to derail support for the resolution. The British embassy and several American Zionist groups, including the
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843:. The film won an award at the Toronto Jewish Film Festival. The work-in-progress was screened in short versions beginning in 2009, and the final version was released in 2017.
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427:
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Some of the members of the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe were: Hillel Kook (Peter Bergson) and Alex Hadani Rafaeli, Alex Wilf, Arieh Ben-Eliezer,
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281:, where he was involved in fundraising and establishing Irgun cells in Eastern Europe. It was there that he met the founder of the Revisionist movement,
1640:, about Hillel Kook and the rescue group he led, as well as about obstruction by the American Jewish establishment leadership (Moriah Films, USA 2008)
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741:, commented that, like Jabotinsky, he saw "no reason" why the State of Israel could not have a non-Jewish president. He suggested amending the
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609:. Disappointed by the President's failure to meet with them, the rabbis stood in front of the US Capitol, where they were met by Senator
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Dr. Becky Kook talks about her father MK Hillel Kook (aka Peter Bergson) via Zoom organized by Moadon Ivri club in Paris (in Hebrew)
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430:, and, in response to the pressure by the Bergson Group as well as Jewish Secretary of Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr and his team,
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856:, directed by Richard Trank and produced by Moriah Films of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, includes narration by Dustin Hoffman.
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Why did we respond the way we did? The question should be, why didn't the others? We responded as a human and as a Jew should.
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to send their Jews to safety if the travel expenses would be provided. On March 9, 1943, the Group produced a huge pageant in
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Talk by daughter Dr. Becky Kook at Hillel Kook Memorial Lecture at Orthodox Union (OU) Israel Center, Jerusalem Aug 27 2003
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and other members of Congress. They refused to read their petition aloud, instead handing it to the Presidential secretary,
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Jewry. The WRB saved about 200,000 Jews. Those rescued through the WRB were probably mostly in Hungary, in part through the
774:. For the remainder of his life, Kook adamantly claimed that his position would have been shared by his mentor Jabotinsky.
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1579:
The Hebrew Republic-How Secular Democracy and Global Enterprise Will Bring Israel Peace At Last (based on Hillel Kook plan
518:", for example a number of the best known people on Broadway and Hollywood, probably due to Ben Hecht's contacts (such as
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subsequently issued an administrative order in January 1944 for the establishment of a special national authority, the
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unit of Palestinian Jews, with Kook's activism. Two American members of the Bergson Group were author and screenwriter
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1723:
1697:
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David S. Wyman and Rafael Medoff, A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, America and the Holocaust (New York, NY, 2002)
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in 1942, and "For Sale to Humanity 70,000 Jews, Guaranteed Human Beings at $ 50 a Piece", in response to an offer by
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Auschwitz on the Potomac 1943: HILLEL KOOK, the Attempt to Save European Jewry, and the Birth of the Israeli Nation
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263:
721:. Like Ratosh, Kook was influenced by Adolf Gurevich, a Betar activist with connections to Bergson Group members
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by Larry Jarvik, including many of his mid-1970s interviews with Hillel Kook in Manhattan. The more recent 2009
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602:, the protesters plead for U.S. intervention on behalf of the Jews in Europe. The delegation was received by
242:("Comradeship"), a group of students who would later become prominent in the Revisionist movement, including
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226:. Hillel Kook received a religious education in Afula and attended his uncle's Religious Zionist yeshiva,
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The Bergson Group, America, and the Holocaust: A Previously Unpublished Interview with Hillel Kook
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200:
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Militant Zionism in America: The Rise and Impact of the Jabotinsky Movement in the United States
324:
Allied fighting force of stateless and Palestinian Jews. Some credit the later formation of the
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in 2007 and played thereafter in regional theatres. It played also in Jerusalem in April 2009.
438:(WRB) to deal with Jewish and non-Jewish war refugees. An official government emissary sent to
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party list, but quit the party with his close friend and fellow Herut Member of the Knesset
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Initially the Bergson Group largely limited its activities to Irgun fundraising and various
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Dr. Becky Kook talks about her father at International Rescuer Day 2006, Hebrew University
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One of the Committee's more memorable activities was a protest Kook organized known as the
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and other political opponents sought to have Kook deported or drafted. They encouraged the
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pressure on US consulates to place as many obstacles as possible in the path of refugees.
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in Washington, DC. They were met by a number of prominent members of Congress including
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1329:"2007 - 2008 Season at GableStage at the Biltmore. Live theatre. Coral Gables, Florida"
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687:. This followed two years of ongoing disagreements with their colleagues, particularly
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Shake Heaven & Earth: Peter Bergson and the Struggle to Rescue the Jews of Europe
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770:. He was one of the first Israelis to call for a Palestinian state shortly after the
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578:. The protest took place in Washington, D.C., on October 6, 1943, three days before
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In 1937, Kook began his career as an international spokesperson for the Irgun and
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A Rebel with a Cause: Hillel Kook, Begin and Jabotinsky's Ideological Legacy
1656:
Hollywood Reporter review of the Los Angeles production of "The Accomplices"
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belong, and that once Israel had been created, any Jews who refused to make
619:"Would a similar delegation of 500 Catholic priests have been thus treated?"
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directed a documentary about the activities of Kook during World War II:
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saw a dramatic transformation in the group's focus. As information about
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Jewish Journal interview with actor Steven Schub on playing Hillel Kook
652:, and was the focus of a violent confrontation between the newly formed
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and based on Kook's wartime efforts in the United States premiered at
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The "Bergson Boys" And the Origins of Contemporary Zionist Militancy
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The "Bergson Boys" And the Origins of Contemporary Zionist Militancy
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The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust 1941-1945
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The Holocaust and Israel Reborn: From Catastrophe to Sovereignty
1420:
A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, America, and the Holocaust
199:) in 1915, the son of Rabbi Dov Kook, the younger brother of
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Prof. David Kranzler: interview with Hillel Kook (New York)
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Justices, and some 300 senators and congressmen watched it.
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and mainly to save the abandoned Jews of Europe during the
1150:"David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies: Welcome"
1195:
Jewish Identities: Fifty Intellectuals Answer Ben Gurion
1072:
Saving the Jews: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Holocaust
426:
The proposal to admit more refugees was ratified by the
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to 6,542; even these quotas often went unfilled, due to
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at the American Jewish Historical Society, New York, NY
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Not Idly By - Peter Bergson, America and the Holocaust
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Not Idly By - Peter Bergson, America and the Holocaust
841:
Not Idly By - Peter Bergson, America and the Holocaust
315:. The Bergson Group was closely involved with various
1619:
Not Idly By: Peter Bergson, America and the Holocaust
234:. He also attended classes in Jewish Studies at the
148:, 24 July 1915 –18 August 2001), also known as
889:
There is no exile. The exile ended on May 14, 1948.
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Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America
552:rescue activities were Jewish Congressman Blum and
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There were many others who actively supported the "
428:
United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
222:, where his father became the first Chief Rabbi of
111:
95:
90:
74:
60:
52:
32:
27:
Revisionist Zionist activist and Israeli politician
1174:See 'The Obligation to save the Kahal' at bcbm.org
289:. At the founders' request, Kook traveled to the
1613:(dist. on DVD by KINO International at: kino.com
1043:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
442:was of considerable assistance in the rescue of
1465:Baumel, Judith Tydor (2005). Dena Ordan (ed.).
1074:, Thunder's Mouth Press, New York, 2006, p. 333
1689:David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies
1026:. Archived from the original on March 18, 2005
919:via Zoom, organized by B'nei Brit, Dusseldorf
1681:, from the American Jewish Historical Society
801:their own role in curtailing his activities.
8:
1267:. University of Illinois Press. p. 77.
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1221:
1821:Lithuanian emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
1685:The Day the Rabbis Marched On-line Exhibit
1541:The Magicians: A Novel (about Hillel Kook)
1234:. Syracuse University Press. p. 203.
40:
29:
1560:The Accomplices (a play about Hilel Kook)
777:Kook repeatedly referred to himself as a
629:(D; New York). This also failed to pass.
582:. Joined by Bergson Group activists, the
1672:The Day the Rabbis Marched on Washington
1418:Wyman, David S.; Medoff, Rafael (2004).
1306:. americantheaterweb.com. Archived from
972:, Zionist activist and Holocaust rescuer
450:mission which was sponsored by the WRB.
1051:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
999:
163:'s efforts in the United States during
1796:Members of the 1st Knesset (1949–1951)
1036:
846:There was an earlier 1982 documentary
307:, Yitzhak Ben-Ami, Alexander Rafaeli,
262:militia in 1930 following widespread
7:
1661:American League for a Free Palestine
1152:. wymaninstitute.org. Archived from
963:, Holocaust rescuer, publicized the
733:nationalism. Paradoxically, Kook's "
481:, Esther Untermeyer, Gabe Wechsler,
457:Poster Stamps "Save Human Lives" by
1806:The Holocaust and the United States
895:Recorded talks, statements and song
878:– On his Holocaust activism, 1973.
145:
285:, and became friends with his son
25:
1836:Prisoners and detainees of Israel
488:, Harry Selden, Johan Smertenko,
407:of 1890, which limited Jews from
303:America and Palestine, including
266:. In 1931, Kook helped found the
1611:Who Shall Live and Who Shall Die
1562:. Dramatists Play Service, Inc.
1331:. gablestage.org. Archived from
870:A Manifesto of the Hebrew Nation
849:Who Shall Live and Who Shall Die
641:Hillel Kook at podium in Knesset
1841:Immigrants of the Fourth Aliyah
1831:Israeli prisoners and detainees
1505:. University of Alabama Press.
1605:(VHS video produced in Israel)
1458:Liberal Nationalism for Israel
1441:. Gefen Publishing House Ltd.
421:United States State Department
238:, where he became a member of
1:
1469:. Syracuse University Press.
1460:. Gefen Publishing House Ltd.
509:John Henry Patterson (author)
492:, M. Berchin, Samuel Merlin,
152:(Hebrew: פיטר ברגסון), was a
1667:Wyman Conference 2007 Videos
1629:(2009 documentary short) by
1261:Monty Noam Penkower (1994).
982:Recha and Yitzchak Sternbuch
917:Hillel Kook the Unsung Hero
347:campaigns. The outbreak of
53:Faction represented in the
1857:
1738:, by David S. Wyman, from
1558:Weinraub, Bernard (2008).
541:American Jewish Conference
477:Ben Rabinowitz (Robbins),
258:Kook joined the pre-state
1756:Jewish World Review op-ed
1720:America and the Holocaust
1577:Avishai, Bernard (2013).
1008:"Obituaries: Hillel Kook"
948:song by David Ben Reuven
937:Professor MP Irv Cotler.
699:until his death in 2001.
545:American Jewish Committee
507:, Yitzchak Ben-Ami, Col.
156:activist and politician.
131:
86:
48:
39:
1437:Rapaport, Louis (1999).
1409:Wyman, David S. (1984).
1006:Staff. (24 August 2001)
785:Commemoration and legacy
187:Hillel Kook was born in
1748:, by Eran Kaplan, from
1740:American Jewish History
1501:Medoff, Rafael (2002).
1456:Agassi, Joseph (1999).
929:Rabbi Dr. Norman Lamm.
717:" ideology espoused by
1732:on the Knesset website
1633:, Varian Fry Institute
1539:Gropman, Paul (1998).
1520:Matz, Eliyaho (2022).
976:Michael Dov Weissmandl
797:
793:Grave of Hillel Kook,
642:
600:William Warren Barbour
462:
214:. In 1924, his family
1228:Baumel, J.T. (2005).
1198:. Brill. p. 74.
1192:Rafael, E.B. (2002).
891:– Interview in 1982.
885:– Interview in 1977.
792:
654:Israel Defense Forces
640:
588:United States Capitol
554:World Jewish Congress
456:
368:Madison Square Garden
1524:. Washington Books.
1353:Hasan, Mark (2010).
1085:"The "Bergson Boys""
984:, Holocaust rescuers
756:Constituent Assembly
567:
1826:Lithuanian Zionists
1816:Mercaz HaRav alumni
1488:. Milah Press Inc.
1484:Hecht, Ben (1997).
990:, Holocaust rescuer
978:, Holocaust rescuer
939:Beacons in the Dark
931:Beacons in the Dark
675:Kook served in the
432:President Roosevelt
415:to 27,370 and from
382:, where First Lady
298:Activism in America
277:. He first went to
275:Revisionist Zionism
212:Mandatory Palestine
154:Revisionist Zionist
1781:Abraham Isaac Kook
1716:The "Bergson Boys"
1700:2019-02-08 at the
1677:2010-09-17 at the
1625:2009-02-05 at the
1581:. Harper Collins.
1179:2007-07-14 at the
1126:Wyman 1984:, p.346
1108:Wyman 1984:, p.202
1070:Rosen, Robert N.,
1061:Wyman 1984:, p.285
798:
703:Views and opinions
660:on the beaches of
643:
623:Rabbi Soloveitchik
615:Marvin H. McIntyre
463:
359:The New York Times
201:Abraham Isaac Kook
1786:Herut politicians
1636:Richard M Trank,
1609:Laurence Jarvik,
1413:. Pantheon Books.
1117:Wyman 184:, p.346
988:Solomon Schonfeld
436:War Refugee Board
384:Eleanor Roosevelt
376:We Will Never Die
305:Aryeh Ben-Eliezer
236:Hebrew University
135:
134:
16:(Redirected from
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1638:Against the Tide
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970:Gisi Fleischmann
965:Auschwitz Report
915:Dr. Becky Kook.
854:Against the Tide
822:Bernard Weinraub
811:Raoul Wallenberg
668:. Following the
633:Political career
627:Samuel Dickstein
592:Lincoln Memorial
505:Will Rogers, Jr.
490:Konrad Bercovici
448:Raoul Wallenberg
380:Washington, D.C.
283:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
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91:Personal details
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685:Ari Jabotinsky
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1389:. Retrieved
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1356:
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1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:the original
1298:
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1263:
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1245:. Retrieved
1230:
1209:. Retrieved
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1158:. Retrieved
1154:the original
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1092:. Retrieved
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558:Stephen Wise
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498:Stella Adler
486:Guy Gillette
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349:World War II
342:
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244:David Raziel
239:
228:Merkaz HaRav
203:, the first
186:
165:World War II
158:
149:
137:
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117:(2001-08-18)
99:24 July 1915
1811:Kook family
1776:2001 deaths
1771:1915 births
1752:10.3 (2005)
1742:89:1 (2001)
1730:Hillel Kook
1707:Bergson Bio
1687:, from the
1391:January 17,
1365:January 17,
835:Film maker
803:David Wyman
772:Six-Day War
762:had been a
662:Kfar Vitkin
596:White House
534:Controversy
502:Congressman
467:Arthur Szyk
459:Arthur Szyk
370:written by
338:Arthur Szyk
208:chief rabbi
167:to promote
138:Hillel Kook
82:Independent
34:Hillel Kook
1765:Categories
1494:B00CB1VJE2
1339:2017-02-17
1314:2017-02-17
1280:2017-02-17
1247:2017-02-17
1211:2017-02-17
1160:2017-02-17
1137:References
1030:2013-10-08
995:References
760:Parliament
735:theocratic
580:Yom Kippur
520:Kurt Weill
374:, titled "
345:propaganda
264:Arab riots
216:immigrated
195:(today in
1304:"Regions"
1094:31 August
1012:Telegraph
813:mission.
715:Canaanist
471:Ben Hecht
396:President
372:Ben Hecht
334:Ben Hecht
232:Jerusalem
220:Palestine
205:Ashkenazi
197:Lithuania
183:Biography
173:Holocaust
63:1949–1951
1698:Archived
1675:Archived
1623:Archived
1603:ALTALENA
1177:Archived
1039:cite web
955:See also
872:, 1944.
816:A play,
693:Tel Aviv
666:Tel Aviv
656:and the
649:Altalena
556:leaders
444:Romanian
400:Congress
1718:, from
1709:, from
1486:Perfidy
868:– From
483:Senator
413:Germany
409:Austria
364:Romania
330:British
321:Zionist
260:Haganah
191:in the
189:Kriukai
169:Zionism
146:הלל קוק
102:Kriukai
55:Knesset
1597:Videos
1585:
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1361:. KQEK
1271:
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860:Quotes
768:Jordan
764:putsch
710:aliyah
594:, and
440:Turkey
417:Poland
405:census
386:, six
317:Jewish
311:, and
279:Poland
142:Hebrew
126:Israel
1711:USHMM
758:to a
739:Druze
681:Herut
658:Irgun
475:Rabbi
268:Irgun
240:Sohba
224:Afula
161:Irgun
69:Herut
1583:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1490:ASIN
1471:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1393:2018
1367:2018
1269:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1096:2024
1045:link
805:and
725:and
664:and
560:and
461:1944
411:and
398:and
328:, a
319:and
246:and
112:Died
96:Born
77:1951
1724:PBS
1089:PBS
1049:at
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