5988:
just been cut. Thus, the difference between the pressure in the blood vessels in the base of the organ and the pressure in the blood vessels at its tip is increased. This requirement has deep religious significance as well as medical benefits....Immediately after incising or injuring an artery, the arterial walls contract and obstruct, or at least reduce, the flow of blood. Since the arterioles of the orlah, or the foreskin, branch off from the dorsal arteries (the arteries of the upper side of the organ), cutting away the foreskin can result in a temporary obstruction in these dorsal arteries. This temporary obstruction, caused by arterial muscle contraction, continues to develop into a more enduring blockage as the stationary blood begins to clot. The tragic result can be severe hypoxia (deprivation of the supply of blood and oxygen) of the glans penis.28 If the arterial obstruction becomes more permanent, gangrene follows; the baby may lose his glans, and it may even become a life-threatening situation. Such cases have been known to occur. Only by immediately clearing the blockage can one prevent such clotting from happening. Performing metzitzah immediately after circumcision lowers the internal pressure within the tissues and blood vessels of the glans, thus raising the pressure gradient between the blood vessels at the base of the organ and the blood vessels at its distal end—the glans as well as the excised arterioles of the foreskin, which branch off of the dorsal arteries. This increase in pressure gradient (by a factor of four to six!) can resolve an acute temporary blockage and restore blood flow to the glans, thus significantly reducing both the danger of immediate, acute hypoxia and the danger of developing a permanent obstruction by means of coagulation. How do we know when a temporary blockage has successfully been averted? When the "blood in the further reaches is extracted", as Rambam has stated.
1635:
1721:
1388:
2516:
2425:
mohelim in Brisk not to do metzitza be’peh with direct oral contact. However, although Rav Yosef Dov
Soloveitchik also generally prohibited metzitza be’peh with direct oral contact, he did not ban it by those who insisted upon it." The sefer Mitzvas Hametzitzah by Rabbi Sinai Schiffer of Baden, Germany, states that he is in possession of letters from 36 major Russian (Lithuanian) rabbis that categorically prohibit Metzitzah with a sponge and require it to be done orally. Among them is Rabbi Chaim Halevi Soloveitchik of Brisk.
3520:
as they understand that such a ban, very much like the 1920–1933 prohibition laws in the United States, would not be effective... Protagonists and critics of male circumcision debate whether the practice is morally acceptable... They assign different weights to harm as well as to medical risks and to non-medical benefits. The different weights to risks and benefits conform to their underlying views about the practices... Protagonists and critics disagree about the significance of medical reasons for circumcision...
5893:
to protect the public health. I want to reiterate that the welfare of the children of your community is our common goal and that it is not our intent to prohibit metzizah b'peh after circumcision, rather our intent is to suggest measures that would reduce the risk of harm, if there is any, for future circumcisions where metzizah b'peh is the customary procedure and the possibility of an infected mohel may not be ruled out. I know that successful solutions can and will be based on our mutual trust and cooperation.
1739:
the baby is born on Sunday before sunset, the brit will be held the following Sunday. However, if the baby is born on Sunday night after sunset, the brit is on the following Monday. The brit takes place on the eighth day following birth even if that day is
Shabbat or a holiday; however, if the baby is born on Friday night between sunset and nightfall, the Berit is delayed until the following Sunday. Furthermore, the berit is performed on the Sabbath only if it is a natural birth; if the birth is a
1491:
among you, every male throughout your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any foreigner, that is not of thy seed. He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised; and My covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken My covenant.
59:
2053:
53:
1704:
1752:
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court. Thomas
Frieden, the Health Commissioner of New York City, wrote, "There exists no reasonable doubt that 'metzitzah b'peh' can and has caused neonatal herpes infection....The Health Department recommends that infants being circumcised not undergo metzitzah b'peh." In May 2006, the Department of Health for New York State issued a protocol for the performance of metzitzah b'peh.
1068:
7547:
1112:
2535:, this procedure is usually done by adoptive parents for adopted boys who are being converted as part of the adoption or by families with young children converting together. It is also required for adult converts who were not previously circumcised, e.g., those born in countries where circumcision at birth is not common. The conversion of a minor is valid in both
2123:
7442:
65:
2395:, Commissioner of Health for New York State, together with a board of rabbis and doctors, worked, she said, to "allow the practice of metzizah b'peh to continue while still meeting the Department of Health's responsibility to protect the public health". Later in New York City in 2012 a 2-week-old baby died of herpes because of metzitzah b'peh.
2045:
7554:
1921:
4242:
3018:
of Brit Milah for Jewish infant boys has been stressed in every subsequent Reform rabbis manual or guide. While the Reform movement does not require the circumcision of adult male converts, it is increasingly acknowledged and practiced by many Reform communities as an important part of the conversion process. Since 1984
2309:. Other sources contradict this claim, with copies of Moses Sofer's responsa making no mention of the legal case or of his ruling applying in only one situation. Rather, that responsa makes quite clear that "metzizah" was a health measure and should never be employed where there is a health risk to the infant.
2923:, and prevented the movement of shaft skin, in what creates a "low and tight" circumcision. It was intended to make it impossible to restore the foreskin. This is the form practiced among the large majority of Jews today, and, later, became a basis for the routine neonatal circumcisions performed in the
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The meetings have been extremely helpful to me in understanding the importance of metzizah b'peh to the continuity of Jewish ritual practice, how the procedure is performed, and how we might allow the practice of metzizah b'peh to continue while still meeting the
Department of Health's responsibility
3519:
Protagonists and critics of male circumcision agree on some things and disagree on many others... They also do not underestimate the importance of male circumcision for the relevant communities.... Even the most critical voices of male circumcision do not suggest putting a blanket ban on the practice
3017:
affirmed this. By 1871, Reform rabbinic leadership in
Germany reasserted "the supreme importance of circumcision in Judaism", while affirming the traditional viewpoint that non-circumcised Jews are Jews nonetheless. Although the issue of circumcision of converts continues to be debated, the necessity
2424:
rabbis, endorses this method. The RCA paper states: "Rabbi
Schachter even reports that Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik reports that his father, Rav Moshe Soloveitchik, would not permit a mohel to perform metzitza be’peh with direct oral contact, and that his grandfather, Rav Chaim Soloveitchik, instructed
2390:
requiring use of a sterile glass tube, or pipette. The mohel's attorney argued that the New York
Department of Health had not supplied conclusive medical evidence linking his client with the disease. In September 2005, the city withdrew the restraining order and turned the matter over to a rabbinical
3142:
In order to prevent the obliteration of the "seal of the covenant" on the flesh, as circumcision was henceforth called, the Rabbis, probably after the war of Bar Kokba (see Yeb. l.c.; Gen. R. xlvi.), instituted the "peri'ah" (the laying bare of the glans), without which circumcision was declared to
2351:
magazine, calling for the abandonment of
Metzitzah b'peh. Since then the RCA has issued an opinion that advocates methods that do not involve contact between the mohel's mouth and the infant's genitals, such as the use of a sterile syringe, thereby eliminating the risk of infection. According to the
1793:
In recent years, the circumcision of adult Jews who were not circumcised as infants has become more common than previously thought. In such cases, the brit milah will be done at the earliest date that can be arranged. The actual circumcision will be private, and other elements of the ceremony (e.g.,
1622:
Covenants in ancient times were sometimes sealed by severing an animal, with the implication that the party who breaks the covenant will suffer a similar fate. In Hebrew, the verb meaning "to seal a covenant" translates literally as "to cut". It is presumed by Jewish scholars that the removal of the
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The mohel brings the baby's organ into his mouth immediately after the excision of the foreskin and sucks blood from it vigorously. This action lowers the internal pressure in the tissues of the organ, in the blood vessels of the head of the organ and in the exposed ends of the arterioles that have
5862:
The person performing metzizah b'peh must do the following: wipe around the outside of the mouth thoroughly, including the labial folds at the corners, with a sterile alcohol wipe, and then discard in a safe place. Wash hands with soap and hot water for 2–6 minutes. Within 5 minutes before metzizah
4917:
by mouth. Veniamin
Portugalov, who—alone among Russian Jewish physicians—called for the abolition of circumcision, set off these discussions. Portugalov not only denied all medical claims regarding the sanitary advantages of circumcision but disparaged the practice as barbaric, likening it to pagan
1339:) has historically been a first step toward more extreme and violent forms of persecution". These periods have generally been linked to suppression of Jewish religious, ethnic, and cultural identity and subsequent "punishment at the hands of government authorities for engaging in circumcision". The
2543:
until a child reaches the age of majority (13 for a boy, 12 for a girl); at that time the child has the option of renouncing his conversion and
Judaism, and the conversion will then be considered retroactively invalid. He must be informed of his right to renounce his conversion if he wishes. If he
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has written that the rabbis added the procedure of priah to discourage men from trying to restore their foreskins: "Once established, priah was deemed essential to circumcision; if the mohel failed to cut away enough tissue, the operation was deemed insufficient to comply with God's covenant", and
1738:
It is customary for the brit to be held in a synagogue, but it can also be held at home or any other suitable location. The brit is performed on the eighth day from the baby's birth, taking into consideration that according to the Jewish calendar, the day begins at the sunset of the day before. If
2398:
In three medical papers done in Israel, Canada, and the US, oral suction following circumcision was suggested as a cause in 11 cases of neonatal herpes. Researchers noted that prior to 1997, neonatal herpes reports in Israel were rare, and that the late incidences were correlated with the mothers
4772:
The commandment of uncovering the corona at circumcision was not given to Abraham; for it is said, At that time the Lord said unto Joshua: 'Make thee knives of flint etc.'. But is it not possible those who were not previously circumcised; for it is written, For all the people that came out were
1490:
This is My covenant, which ye shall keep, between Me and you and thy seed after thee: every male among you shall be circumcised. And ye shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of a covenant betwixt Me and you. And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised
4904:
by pipette, not by mouth. In 1889, a committee on circumcision convened by the Russian Society for the Protection of Health, which included leading Jewish figures, recommended educating the Jewish public about the concerns connected with circumcision, in particular, the possible transmission of
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Several eras in subsequent Jewish history were associated with forced conversions and with prohibitions against ritual circumcision... Jews endangered their lives during such times and exerted strenuous efforts to nullify such edicts. When they succeeded, they celebrated by declaring a holiday.
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with the mother, after the mother has already immersed, to become Jewish. If the mother does not convert, the child may be immersed in a mikveh, or body of natural waters, to complete the child's conversion to Judaism. This can be done before the child is even one year old. If the child did not
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with a sponge instead of oral suction in order to safeguard the child from potential risks. He also cited a passage in Nedarim 32a as a warrant for the position that metzitzah b’peh was not an obligatory part of the circumcision ceremony. It relates the story that a mohel (who was suspected of
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states that many Hellenistic Jews attempted to restore their foreskins, and that similar action was taken during the Hadrianic persecution, a period in which a prohibition against circumcision was issued. The writers of the dictionary hypothesize that the more severe method practiced today was
3466:
In the second century BCE, the Holy Land was ruled by the Seleucids (Syrian-Greeks), who tried to force the people of Israel to accept Greek culture and beliefs instead of mitzvah observance and belief in G‑d. Against all odds, a small band of faithful but poorly armed Jews, led by Judah the
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implicates the "better hygiene and living conditions that prevail among the younger generation", which lowered to 60% the rate of young Israeli Haredi mothers who carry the virus. He explains that an "absence of antibodies in the mothers' blood means that their newborn sons received no such
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The view that circumcision had the effect of reducing sexual pleasure, and had even been instituted with this objective in mind, was both widely held in the nineteenth century and in accordance with traditional religious teaching. Both Philo and Maimondies had written to this effect, and
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unanimously ruled that the practice of metztizah b'peh should require informed consent from the parent or guardian of the child undergoing the ritual. Prior to the ruling, several hundred rabbis, including Rabbi David Niederman, the executive director of the United Jewish Organization of
2075:
is executed only when this epithelium is either removed, or permanently peeled back to uncover the glans. On medical circumcisions performed by surgeons, the epithelium is removed along with the foreskin, to prevent post operative penile adhesion and its complications. However, on ritual
1657:, the "covenant of circumcision". According to traditional Jewish law, in the absence of a grown free Jewish male expert, anyone who has the required skills is also authorized to perform the circumcision, if they are Jewish. Yet, most streams of non-Orthodox Judaism allow women to be
2088:), which means 'uncovering'. The main goal of "priah" (also known as "bris periah"), is to remove as much of the inner layer of the foreskin as possible and prevent the movement of the shaft skin, what creates the look and function of what is known as a "low and tight" circumcision.
4870:
Metzizah b'peh — loosely translated as oral suction — is the part of the circumcision ceremony where the mohel removes the blood from the baby's member; these days the removal of the blood is usually done using a sterilized glass tube, instead of with the mouth, as the Talmud
2301:(Orach Chaim 152,) that Moses Sofer gave the ruling in that specific instance only because the mohel refused to step down and had secular government connections that prevented his removal in favor of another mohel, and the Heter may not be applied elsewhere. He also states (
2485:, they stop the flow of blood. Moreover, circumcision alone, in the absence of the brit milah ceremony, does not fulfill the requirements of the mitzvah. Therefore, in cases involving a Jew who was circumcised outside of a brit milah, an already-circumcised convert, or an
3467:
Maccabee, defeated one of the mightiest armies on earth, drove the Greeks from the land, reclaimed the Holy Temple in Jerusalem and rededicated it to the service of G‑d. ... To commemorate and publicize these miracles, the sages instituted the festival of Chanukah.
3012:
believed the ritual to be barbaric and outdated, they refrained from instituting any change in this matter. In 1843, when a father in Frankfurt refused to circumcise his son, rabbis of all shades in Germany stated it was mandated by Jewish law; even
2705:
Causes the circumcised portion of the penis to resemble a heart, thereby representing a physical connection between the "breath contained within the heart is generative of thoughts, and the generative organ itself is productive of living beings",
4962:
Rambam – Maimonides in his "book of laws" Laws of Milah Chapter 2, paragraph 2: "...and afterwards he sucks the circumcision until blood comes out from far places, in order not to come to danger, and anyone who does not suck, we remove him from
2795:
His disciples said to him, "is circumcision useful or not?". He said to them, "If it were useful, their father would produce children already circumcised from their mother. Rather, the true circumcision in spirit has become profitable in every
2570:. Conservative Rabbis will authorize it only under the condition that the child be raised as a Jew in a single-faith household. Should the mother convert, and if the boy has not yet reached his third birthday, the child may be immersed in the
2562:, the milah l'shem giur procedure is also performed for a boy whose mother has not converted, but with the intention that the child be raised Jewish. This conversion of a child to Judaism without the conversion of the mother is allowed by
4641:
notes that "there are three methods of circumcision that are commonly used in the newborn male", and that all three include "bluntly freeing the inner preputial epithelium from the epithelium of the glans", to be later amputated with the
2288:, also known as the Chatam Sofer (1762–1839), observed that the Talmud states that the rationale for this part of the ritual was hygienic — i.e., to protect the health of the child. As such, the Chatam Sofer issued a ruling to perform
3046:
occurs on the eighth day following the child's birth at the father's home. In addition to special prayers and readings from the Torah pertaining to the ritual, an old hymn that invokes blessings for parents and children is sung.
2649:
considers something to be "complete" if it lacks nothing, but also has nothing that is unneeded. He regards the foreskin as an unneeded organ that God created in man, and so by amputating it, the man is completed. The author of
6425:
1802:
According to Halacha, a baby who dies before they had time to circumcise him must be circumcised before burial. Several reasons were given for this commandment. Some have written that there is no need for this circumcision.
2206:
on that Talmudic passage explains that this step is in order to draw some blood from deep inside the wound to prevent danger to the baby. There are other modern antiseptic and antibiotic techniques—all used as part of the
4900:. Many Jewish physicians supported the idea of procedural and hygienic reforms in the practice, and they debated the question of physician supervision during the ceremony. Most significantly, many advocated carrying out
3410:
Jews have a long history of suffering punishment at the hands of government authorities for engaging in circumcision. Muslims have also experienced suppression of their identities through suppression of this religious
1823:
of brit milah lies in the pain it causes, and anesthetic, sedation, or ointment should generally not be used. However, it is traditionally common to feed the infant a drop of wine or other sweet liquid to soothe him.
4992:
5391:
6531:
2676:" (from "yesod"). The second is that the act of bleeding represents a feminization of Jewish men, significant in the sense that the covenant represents a marriage between Jews and (a symbolically male) God.
4746:. This is the first text specifying peri'ah as an absolute requirement. The same chapter is where we first find mention of the warning that leaving even "shreds" of foreskin renders the procedure "invalid".
2252:
place his mouth directly on the infant's genital wound to draw blood away from the cut. Many circumcision ceremonies no longer use metzitzah b'peh, but Haredi Jews continue to perform it, while traditional
6301:
6224:
6147:
1323:, including multiple campaigns of Jewish ethnic, cultural, and religious persecution, with subsequent bans and restrictions on the practice as an attempted means of forceful assimilation, conversion, and
5102:
1634:
1567:. Thus, Jeremiah 9:25–26 says that circumcised and uncircumcised will be punished alike by the Lord; for "all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart".
2293:
transmitting herpes via metzizah to infants) was checked several times and never found to have signs of the disease and that a ban was requested because of the "possibility of future infections".
3266:
In fact, circumcision is only one of two performative commands, the neglect of which bring the kareth penalty. (The other is the failure to be cleansed from corpse contamination, umb. 19:11-22.)
3054:, in their circumcision hymn, Samaritans express their gratitude for a certain Roman soldier by the name of Germon, who was sent by an unknown Roman Emperor as a sentinel over the home of the
5303:
2412:
Because of the risk of infection, some rabbinical authorities have ruled that the traditional practice of direct contact should be replaced by using a sterile tube between the wound and the
5731:
5688:
6459:
3336:
Throughout most of history, Jews never doubted their obligation to observe circumcision... voiders of the covenant of Abraham our father, and they have no portion in the World to Come.
4830:); and ancient medical beliefs about the treatment of wounds (suctioning, bandaging, cumin). The Torah demands circumcision but does not specify exactly what should be cut or how much.
7025:
portrays the foreskin, often drawn in meticulous detail, as an emblem of male beauty; and children with congenitally short foreskins were sometimes subjected to a treatment, known as
4382:
2930:
The steps, justifications, and imposition of the practice have dramatically varied throughout history; commonly cited reasons for the practice have included it being a way to control
2443:
The "informed consent" regulation was challenged in court. In January 2013 the U.S. District court ruled that the law did not specifically target religion and therefore must not pass
6081:
3058:
for his kindness in allowing the process of circumcision to take place. They tried to give him money, but he refused, just requesting to be included in their future prayers instead.
6437:
5914:
4334:"A baby boy who dies before reaching eight [days] is circumcised with a flint or reed at his grave" (Shulḥan 'Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 263:5): From Women's Custom to Rabbinic Law"
5863:
b'peh, rinse mouth thoroughly with a mouthwash containing greater than 25% alcohol (for example, Listerine) and hold the rinse in mouth for 30 seconds or more before discarding it.
2731:
Judaeus defended Jewish circumcision on several grounds. He thought that circumcision should be done as early as possible as it would not be as likely to be done by someone's own
2107:
probably begun in order to prevent the possibility of restoring the foreskin after circumcision, and therefore the rabbis added the requirement of cutting the foreskin in periah.
1416:–2181 BCE). According to some scholars, it appears that it only appeared as a sign of the covenant during the Babylonian Exile. Scholars who posit the existence of a hypothetical
5876:
6051:
5936:
Distel R, Hofer V, Bogger-Goren S, Shalit I, Garty BZ. Primary genital herpes simplex infection associated with Jewish ritual circumcision. Israel Medical Association Journal.
2664:
The completion effected by circumcision is not congenital, but left to the man. This implies that as he completes the form of his body, so can he complete the form of his soul.
6364:
2661:
To mark the chosen people, so that their bodies will be different as their souls are. The organ chosen for the mark is the one responsible for the sustenance of the species;
5753:
2433:
Williamsburg, signed a declaration stating that they would not inform parents of the potential dangers that came with metzitzah b'peh, even if informed consent became law.
1785:
or has other serious medical problems, the brit milah will be postponed until the doctors and mohel deem the child strong enough for his foreskin to be surgically removed.
6333:
5846:
4982:
6499:
5412:
5164:
The poskim consulted by the RCA agree that the normative halacha permits using a glass tube, and that it is proper for mohalim to do so given the health issues involved.
2743:
and so should be done as a way to increase the nation's population. He also noted that circumcision should be performed as an effective means to reduce sexual pleasure.
5381:
1732:
1639:
4217:
3571:
5259:
4087:"Circumcision." Mark Popovsky. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. Ed. David A. Leeming, Kathryn Madden and Stanton Marlan. New York: Springer, 2010. pp. 153–54.
5025:
MBP is believed to be a commandment from God .. Chasam Sofer clearly stated his position on MBP .. I do not know all the answers, but banning MBP is not one of them.
8186:
6600:
6521:
4933:
3575:
1626:
Reasons for biblical circumcision include to show off "patrilineal descent, sexual fertility, male initiation, cleansing of birth impurity, and dedication to God".
5927:
Rubin LG, Lanzkowsky P. Cutaneous neonatal herpes simplex infection associated with ritual circumcision. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal. 2000. 19(3) 266–67.
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2347:(RCA), which claims to be the largest American organization of Orthodox rabbis, published an article by mohel Yehudi Pesach Shields in its summer 1972 issue of
5276:
2450:
On August 15, 2014, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the decision by the lower court, and ruled that the regulation does have to be reviewed under
4896:
in the 1880s. Russian Jewish physicians expressed concern over two central issues: the competence of those carrying out the procedure and the method used for
1763:
The Talmud explicitly instructs that a boy must not be circumcised if he had two brothers who died due to complications arising from their circumcisions, and
1563:
The prophetic tradition emphasizes that God expects people to be good as well as pious, and that non-Jews will be judged based on their ethical behavior, see
6579:
6102:
5094:
3008:
The Reform societies established in Frankfurt and Berlin regarded circumcision as barbaric and wished to abolish it. However, while prominent rabbis such as
1405:
is not known with certainty; however, artistic and literary evidence from ancient Egypt suggests it was practiced in the ancient Near East from at least the
6394:
4493:
Rezvani, Massoud; Finkelstein, Yaron (2007). "Generalized seizures following topical lidocaine administration during circumcision: establishing causation".
4337:
4424:
2777:
After eight days had passed, it was time to circumcise the child; and he was called Jesus, the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
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7316:
6287:
6256:
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2457:
On September 9, 2015, after coming to an agreement with the community the New York City Board of Health voted to repeal the informed consent regulation.
4630:
4773:
circumcised, but all the people that were born etc.? — If so, why the expression. 'Again!'. Consequently it must apply to the uncovering of the corona.
3620:
Circumcision only became an important sign of the covenant during the Babylonian Exile; it is doubtful that it always had this significance for Israel.
4853:
4387:
5293:
8191:
2672:
offered two explanations for circumcision. One is that it is a literal inscription on the Jewish body of the name of God in the form of the letter "
2076:
circumcisions performed by a mohel, the epithelium is most commonly peeled off only after the foreskin has been amputated. This procedure is called
3449:
In Jewish history, the banning of circumcision (brit mila) has historically been a first step toward more extreme and violent forms of persecution.
1607:, actions that would normally be forbidden because of the sanctity of the day are permitted in order to fulfill the requirement to circumcise. The
5721:
7291:
2119:"Depending on the strictness of individual rabbis, boys (or men thought to have been inadequately cut) were subjected to additional operations."
5696:
2436:
In a motion for preliminary injunction with intent to sue, filed against New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, affidavits by
2091:
According to Rabbinic interpretation of traditional Jewish sources, the 'priah' has been performed as part of the Jewish circumcision since the
8166:
6741:
6467:
4067:
3251:
3219:
1743:, the berit is delayed until Sunday. A brit is traditionally performed in the morning, but it may be performed any time during daylight hours.
1441:
1429:
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due to the circumstances of the period, although Jewish religious writers denounced these practices as abrogating the covenant of Abraham in
2343:
When he presented the defense in secular court, his testimony was erroneously recorded to mean that Sofer stated it as a general ruling. The
2020:
1863:
disagrees with the above and writes, "It is a biblical prohibition to cause anyone unnecessary pain." Rabbi Tendler recommends the use of an
584:
5783:
5063:
5038:
4392:
7609:
942:
5906:
2469:. One ramification is that the brit is not considered complete unless a drop of blood is actually drawn. The standard medical methods of
1537:("uncircumcised" ) is also employed for "impermeable"; it is also applied to the first three years' fruit of a tree, which is forbidden.
5560:
2973:
987:
6692:'This We Know to Be the Carnal Israel': Circumcision and the Erotic Life of God and Israel", Critical Inquiry. (Spring, 1992), 474–506.
5356:
7955:
7165:
5880:
5505:
6302:"Docket for Central Rabbinical Congress of the USA & Canada v. New York City Department of Health & Mental..., 1:12-cv-07590"
6225:"Docket for Central Rabbinical Congress of the USA & Canada v. New York City Department of Health & Mental..., 1:12-cv-07590"
6148:"Docket for Central Rabbinical Congress of the USA & Canada v. New York City Department of Health & Mental..., 1:12-cv-07590"
6001:"Metzitza Be'Peh – Halachic Clarification Regarding Metzitza Be'Peh, RCA Clarifies Halachic Background to Statement of March 1, 2005"
5317:
2834:, where matters of business and politics were discussed. To expose one's glans in public was seen as indecent, vulgar, and a sign of
2006:
the prophet, known as "The Righteous Kohen", so that God's covenant can be fulfilled with the re-establishment of the throne of King
7981:
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eighteenth century. Wooden box covered in cow hide with silver implements: silver trays, clip, pointer, silver flask, spice vessel.
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5185:"Neonatal Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection After Jewish Ritual Circumcision: Modern Medicine and Religious Tradition"
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Judith Bleich, "The Circumcision Controversy in Classical Reform in Historical Context", KTAV Publishing House, 2007. pp. 1–28.
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A brit milah is more than circumcision; it is a sacred ritual in Judaism, as distinguished from its non-ritual requirement in
1842:
and others agree that the child should not be sedated, although pain relieving ointment may be used under certain conditions;
8156:
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6625:
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Circumcision became the single most important commandment... the one without which... no Jew could attain the world to come.
2622:
Where the procedure was performed but not followed by immersion or other requirements of the conversion procedure (e.g., in
1720:
7453:
5249:
8161:
6601:"Can a brit take place on Yom Kippur? – holidays general information holiday information life cycle circumcision the brit"
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and elaborates on what prompted Moses Sofer to give the above ruling. He tells the story that a student of Moses Sofer,
2219:
is one of the four steps to fulfill Mitzvah, it continues to be practiced by Orthodox, Ultraorthodox and Hassidic Jews.
5940:
5529:
4691:
4307:
1611:, when discussing the importance of Milah, compares it to being equal to all other mitzvot (commandments) based on the
8058:
7647:
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5653:
5614:
2722:
2440:, Brenda Breuer, and Daniel S. Berman argued that the study on which the department passed its conclusions is flawed.
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to eight Israeli infants, one of whom suffered brain damage. When three New York City infants contracted herpes after
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1708:
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385:
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6028:, Frankfurt a.M. 1906; It was subsequently translated into Hebrew, reprinted in Jerusalem in 1966 under the title "
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The ceremony, when performed l'shem giur, does not have to be performed on a particular day, and does not override
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He attributes four of the reasons to "men of divine spirit and wisdom". These include the idea that circumcision:
2610:, naming occurs at the Brit with a different formula than the standard Brit Milah. The more common practice among
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In the first half of the nineteenth century, various European governments considered regulating, if not banning,
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and distinguished people present to proceed with the grace. When the four main blessings are concluded, special
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were circumcised, but those "born in the wilderness" were not. Therefore, Joshua, before the celebration of the
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It is agreed among scholars that the original purpose within Judaism... was precisely to dull the sexual organ.
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Without it circumcision was newly declared to have no spiritual value. This new form removed as much of the
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rabbis will generally not convert a non-Jewish child raised by a mother who has not converted to Judaism.
2198:, translated as suction, as one of the steps involved in the circumcision rite. The Talmud writes that a "
1406:
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678:
7446:
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4058:"Tractate Shabbat: Chapter 19: Regulations ordained by R. Eliezer concerning circumcision on the Sabbath"
1871:
should not be used, however, because lidocaine has been linked to several pediatric near-death episodes.
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quoted the contemporary Dr. Asher... as stating that chastity was the moral objective of the alteration.
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2579:, or the boy was too old, then the child may choose of their own accord to become Jewish at age 13 as a
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to be circumcised, an act to be followed by his male descendants on the eighth day of life, symbolizing
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widely found circumcision to be barbaric, cruel, and utterly repulsive in nature. By the period of the
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for non-Israelites in Biblical times necessitated circumcision, otherwise one could not partake in the
8109:
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4210:"The Circumcision Procedure and Blessings – Performing the Bris Milah – The Handbook to Circumcision"
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2315:, after corresponding with the greatest Jewish sages of the generation, concluded the practice to be
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is for the person who carries the baby from the mother to the father, who in turn carries him to the
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110:
2331:, needed the ruling because of a governmental attempt to ban circumcision completely if it included
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performed when the boy was an infant removes the obligation to undergo either a full brit milah or
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ritual mutilation. Ritual circumcision, he claimed, stood as a self-imposed obstacle to the Jews’
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on the grounds that it posed potential medical dangers. In the 1840s, radical Jewish reformers in
2555:
have numerous complications, and authorities recommend that a rabbi be consulted well in advance.
1560:
specifically before they entered Canaan. Abraham, too, was circumcised when he moved into Canaan.
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3481:"Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?"
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2400:
1990:
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victory in the Maccabean Revolt — ending the prohibition against circumcision — is celebrated in
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36:
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6032:" and appended to the back of Dvar Sinai, a book written by the author's grandson, Sinai Adler.
3124:
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Shabbat 19:2, which lists it as one of the four steps involved in the circumcision rite. Rabbi
1794:
the celebratory meal) may be modified to accommodate the desires of the one being circumcised.
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A Surgical Temptation:The Demonization of the Foreskin and the Rise of Circumcision in Britain
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Historical conflicts between Jews and European civilizations have occurred several times over
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to the infant. Proponents maintain that there is no conclusive evidence that links herpes to
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3740:"Zipporah and the Bridegroom of Blood: Searching for the Antecedents of Jewish Circumcision"
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began to recommend that male converts who are already circumcized undergo hatafat dam brit.
2908:
2885:
2873:
2788:
2751:
2651:
2552:
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2003:
1910:(efficacious remedy) that they should have children of their own. The origin of the term is
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as possible to allow for maximum removal of the former without any injury to the latter. A
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It seems that in the biblical tradition... child sacrifice was replaced by circumcision...
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2444:
2421:
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2239:
2202:(Circumciser) who does not suck creates a danger, and should be dismissed from practice".
2147:
2081:
1839:
1664:
1448:
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on the eighth day after the infant's birth and is followed by a celebratory meal known as
1218:
1159:
1129:
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890:
784:
337:
129:
94:
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4848:
4826:); the rabbis themselves, who added the requirement of completely uncovering the corona (
3120:
6460:"Central Rabbinical Congress v. New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene"
4822:
These mishniac requirements have three sources: the Torah, which requires circumcision (
2626:, where the mother has not converted), if the boy chooses to complete the conversion at
1576:(making oneself liable to extirpation or excommunication), as noted in Genesis 17:1-14.
7920:
7677:
7619:
7153:
6810:
6548:
6544:
6044:"New York, NY – City Approves Metzitzah B'Peh Consent Form (full video NYC DOH debate)"
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antibodies through the placenta, and therefore are vulnerable to infection by HSV-1".
1308:. Rather, the commandment is exclusive to followers of Judaism and the Jewish people;
8140:
7801:
7692:
7614:
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7189:
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2598:
In Orthodox Judaism, there is a split of authorities on whether the child receives a
1843:
1835:
1549:
1241:
1141:
898:
813:
322:
222:
186:
52:
6709:. Vol. VII. Loeb Classical Library: Harvard University Press. pp. 103–05.
4892:
asserted that circumcision should no longer be compulsory. This controversy reached
4522:
2992:
is generally believed to have originated in the 6th century BCE as a product of the
2544:
does not make such a statement, it is accepted that the boy is halakhically Jewish.
2386:
and one of them died, New York authorities took out a restraining order against the
2246:, abbreviated as MBP)—or oral suction—has become controversial. The process has the
1943:, according to the Eastern Asheknazic rite, additional introductory lines, known as
7997:
7902:
7536:
6986:
6802:
6787:
6004:
5152:
5120:
4906:
4765:
4479:
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1767:
says that this excluded paternal half-brothers. This may be due to a concern about
1504:
12:3 says: "And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised."
1472:
1402:
1362:
1210:
1202:
1168:
1032:
1027:
972:
851:
756:
716:
663:
617:
421:
230:
6629:
6577:
Rabbi Avram Israel Reisner, On the conversion of adoptive and patrilineal children
6522:"New York City Health Board Repeals Rule on Consent Forms for Circumcision Ritual"
3829:
2520:
2505:) from the penis at the point where the foreskin would have been or was attached.
2052:
7241:...Brit Milah is just nicking or amputating the protruding tip of the prepuce...
7057:
6981:
3739:
1694:), without restriction. In 1984, Deborah Cohen became the first certified Reform
7740:
7531:
7526:
7018:
6733:
6650:
5847:"Circumcision Protocol Regarding the Prevention of Neonatal Herpes Transmission"
5019:
4123:
Talmud Avodah Zarah 26b; Menachot 42a; Maimonides' Mishneh Torah, Milah, ii. 1;
3755:
3702:
The Savage in Judaism: An Anthropology of Israelite Religion and Ancient Judaism
3539:
3349:
3174:
3108:
2969:
2947:
2920:
2865:
2809:
2658:
To complete the form of man, by removing what he claims to be a redundant organ;
2646:
2627:
2599:
2580:
2489:(born without a foreskin) individual, the mohel draws a symbolic drop of blood (
2285:
2258:
2155:
2068:
1564:
1522:
1518:
658:
115:
64:
6365:"Bris Milah Lawsuit: Court To Rule On Temporary Injuction Against Anti-MBP Law"
5974:
4463:
3790:
King Manasseh and Child Sacrifice: Biblical Distortions of Historical Realities
3497:
3480:
3365:
2702:
Secures cleanliness "in a way that is suited to the people consecrated to God",
2142:
note: alternate spellings Metzizah or Metsitsah are also used to refer to this.
1751:
1703:
7816:
7416:
7010:
6838:
6834:
6401:. Jewish News – Israel News – Israel Politics. 10 January 2013. Archived from
4213:
4045:
4034:
3883:
3431:
Dreamworld or Dystopia: The Nordic Model and Its Influence in the 21st Century
2903:, introduced and made mandatory a secondary step of circumcision known as the
2611:
2478:
2092:
2064:
2028:
prayers, different from the ones in the Eastern Ashkenazic rite, are recited.
1768:
1764:
903:
446:
241:
7424:
5213:
4565:
3973:
3894:
3506:
3373:
7400:
7041:
Approaches to Ancient Judaism, New Series: Religious and Theological Studies
6564:
5937:
5298:
5204:
4889:
4695:
4003:
3961:
3941:
3557:
2951:
2900:
2853:
2747:
2732:
1868:
1864:
1813:
1508:
1340:
1324:
1111:
871:
570:
416:
393:
7546:
5221:
4514:
4471:
1975:
the baby boy to have strength and grow up to trust in God and perceive Him
1947:, are added. These lines praise God and request the permission of God, the
17:
7441:
7087:
2269:, and that attempts to limit this practice infringe on religious freedom.
2122:
1584:
offering. Today, as in the time of Abraham, it is required of converts in
7940:
7877:
7785:
7770:
7765:
7750:
7667:
7568:
7071:
7027:
6738:
The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text with Introduction and Commentary
4910:
4607:
circumcised but did not perform priah, it is as if he did not circumcise.
4356:
4354:
3533:
2965:
2831:
2805:
2486:
2474:
2454:
to determine whether it infringes on Orthodox Jews' freedom of religion.
1959:
prayers are recited. They request various blessings by God that include:
1612:
1581:
1553:
1344:
1214:
1147:
928:
913:
876:
866:
861:
726:
612:
565:
551:
408:
357:
176:
149:
4245: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3280:
The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite
2984:
and was the predominant form until the second century CE. The notion of
1904:
This honor is usually given to a couple without children, as a merit or
7930:
7882:
7867:
7862:
7850:
7838:
7833:
7821:
7775:
7717:
7687:
7682:
7624:
7583:
7058:"Celsus' Decircumcision Operation: Medical and Historical Implications"
6843:
6494:
5125:
4719:
Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America
4600:
4367:
4363:
4280:
3793:
3664:
Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America
3535:
Circumcision : a history of the world's most controversial surgery
2896:
2827:
2755:
2588:
2567:
2297:(1807–1879), a student of Moses Sofer, states in his book of Responsa,
2281:
2187:
2159:
1995:
1819:
1650:
1604:
1483:
1417:
1309:
1281:
1229:
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731:
686:
546:
541:
512:
500:
468:
347:
314:
298:
293:
283:
246:
44:
4338:
Journal of the Goldstein-Goren International Center for Jewish Thought
3861:
The Bible and the Psyche: Individuation Symbolism in the Old Testament
2830:; many Jewish men did not want to be seen in public deprived of their
2044:
7950:
7935:
7897:
7887:
7872:
7857:
7843:
7828:
7806:
7730:
7702:
7697:
7672:
7662:
7657:
7588:
7573:
7463:
7118:
6424:
Federgruen, Dr. Daniel Berman and Prof. Brenda Breuer and Prof. Awi.
5849:. Department of Health, New York State. November 2006. Archived from
4615:
4371:. "Lech Lecha – No Pain, No Bris?" Feldham Publishers 2011, pp. 29–32
4139:
Birth Culture. Jewish Testimonies from Rural Switzerland and Environs
4100:
Remembering Abraham: Culture, Memory, and History in the Hebrew Bible
2869:
2801:
2740:
2603:
2576:
2571:
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2183:
1968:
1847:
1608:
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288:
265:
260:
5095:"N.Y. newborn contracts herpes from controversial circumcision rite"
4807:
Why Aren't Jewish Women Circumcised?: Gender and Covenant in Judaism
4333:
1603:
is considered to be so important that should the eighth day fall on
3278:
Mark, Elizabeth (2003). "Frojmovic/Travelers to the Circumcision".
2709:
Promotes prolificness by removing impediments to the flow of semen.
2261:
never practiced it. The practice poses a serious risk of spreading
1920:
7811:
7760:
7755:
7553:
5692:
4734:
the rabbis go on to dedicate all of chapter 19 to circumcision ..
3024:
2736:
2728:
2692:
additionally gave other reasons for the practice of circumcision.
2689:
2514:
2466:
2413:
2375:
2248:
2203:
2199:
2121:
2051:
2043:
2007:
1952:
1948:
1919:
1899:
1750:
1719:
1702:
1633:
1447:
Some scholars have argued that it originated as a replacement for
1425:
1386:
1366:
1245:
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770:
763:
627:
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602:
597:
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507:
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485:
478:
473:
398:
270:
236:
4554:(the link is to Otzar HaChochmah, available only to subscribers).
3350:"Forming Jewish Identity by Formulating Legislation for Gentiles"
3167:
Circumcision: A History Of The World's Most Controversial Surgery
1700:; she was certified by the Berit Mila program of Reform Judaism.
1623:
foreskin symbolically represents such a sealing of the covenant.
7350:. National Association of American Mohalim. 2010. Archived from
6653:; Rosenblatt, Samuel (trans.) (1958). "article III chapter 10".
6490:"U.S. Court revives challenge to New York City circumcision law"
5062:
Nussbaum Cohen, Debra; Cohler-Esses, Larry (December 23, 2005).
4383:"Study confirms that wine drops soothe boys during circumcision"
4277:"Traditional circumcision raises risk of infection, study shows"
2997:
2673:
1297:
1007:
522:
7970:
7966:
7472:
2305:
244) that the practice is possibly a Sinaitic tradition, i.e.,
7468:
5471:"On the Main Line: Rabbi Moshe Sofer's responsum on metzitzah"
2551:
The laws of conversion and conversion-related circumcision in
1290:, barring extraordinary circumstances, are believed to suffer
1222:
5973:(2). Translated by Lavon, Yocheved: 25, 33–39. Archived from
5907:"Baby Dies of Herpes in Ritual Circumcision By Orthodox Jews"
5039:"City Risking Babies' Lives With Brit Policy: Health Experts"
1486:
to be circumcised, an act to be followed by his descendants:
1444:
does the notion of circumcision become linked to a covenant.
7317:"Reform Rabbis' Vote Reflects Expanding Interest in Rituals"
5294:"NYC, Orthodox Jews in talks over ritual after herpes cases"
4920:
attainment of true equality with the other peoples of Europe
4448:"Neonatal mydriasis: intravenous lidocaine adverse reaction"
2717:
Judaism, Christianity, and the Early Church (4 BCE – 150 CE)
6430:– Empowering Parents Or Interfering In Religious Practice?"
6074:"New York – Rabbis Say They'll Defy Law On Metzitzah B'peh"
3022:
has trained and certified over 300 of their own practicing
1846:
particularly asserts that the act ought to be painful, per
6534:
from the original on 16 July 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
5816:"Controversy rages in New York over circumcision practice"
5754:"State offers new guidelines on oral-suction circumcision"
4141:(in German and English). Basel: Schwabe. pp. 54–123.
2272:
The practice has become a controversy in both secular and
1507:
According to the Hebrew Bible, it was "a reproach" for an
6707:
Of the special laws, Book I (i and ii), in Works of Philo
2654:
provides three reasons for the practice of circumcision:
2473:
through constriction do not meet the requirements of the
1540:
However, the Israelites born in the wilderness after the
7351:
6839:"Male and Female Genital Cutting: Controlling Sexuality"
6334:"No Conclusive Evidence on Circumcision Rite and Herpes"
5250:"Another Jewish baby has contracted herpes through bris"
4170:
3826:
The Mother of the Lord: Volume 1: The Lady in the Temple
2958:
was either a ritual nick or cut done by a father to the
2816:; it was custom to spend an hour a day or so exercising
2211:
today—which many say accomplish the intended purpose of
1436:
that involves the practice of circumcision. Only in the
7464:
CircCentral, an online museum of Brit Milah instruments
5274:
Should extreme Orthodox Jewish circumcision be illegal?
4018:"Genesis 17: Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers"
2154:), the guard is slid over the foreskin as close to the
1963:
the parents of the baby, to help them raise him wisely;
6807:
The Social World of Formative Christianity and Judaism
5879:. Department of Health, New York State. Archived from
4308:"In New Trend, Adult Emigrés Seek Ritual Circumcision"
3214:
Harlow, Daniel; Collins, John (2010). "Circumcision".
2531:
is a "circumcision for the purpose of conversion". In
2335:
He therefore asked Sofer to give him permission to do
1525:
and other non-Israelites and used in conjunction with
1316:
are believed to have a portion in the World to Come.
7454:
Chabad.org's Brit Milah: The Covenant of Circumcision
5415:. CrownHeights.info. October 25, 2012. Archived from
2996:; the practice likely lacked this significance among
2899:, the successors of the newly ideologically dominant
2892:, while it further increased in importance for Jews.
1286:(commandments). Jews who voluntarily fail to undergo
5722:"City Questions Circumcision Ritual After Baby Dies"
4550:
Western Ashkenazic version of Seder Avodat Yisrael,
2498:
2224:
2192:
2176:
2168:
2132:
2024:
is recited during the second blessing, and a set of
1695:
1689:
1683:
1658:
1532:
1526:
1512:
1353:
also has immense importance in other religions. The
1347:. Circumcision rates are near-universal among Jews.
8118:
8087:
8051:
8025:
8004:
7911:
7794:
7716:
7638:
7597:
7561:
7504:
5961:"Metzitzah B'peh Controversy: The View from Israel"
2447:. The ruling was appealed to the Court of Appeals.
2162:is used to detach the foreskin. A tube is used for
1548:5:2–9, explains, "all the people that came out" of
1335:. "In Jewish history, the banning of circumcision (
5119:Eliyahu Fink and Eliyahu Federman (Sep 29, 2013).
4972:Rashi and others on Tractate Shabbos 173a and 173b
2416:'s mouth, so there is no direct oral contact. The
2182:and subsequent circumcision, mentioned above, the
2174:(the initial cut amputating the akroposthion) and
1440:(likely composed during the sixth century BCE) of
1262:most important and central commandments in Judaism
6395:"Judge Rejects Injunction in Landmark Milah Suit"
5413:"Assault on Bris Milah Unites Jewish Communities"
4983:"Denouncing City's Move to Regulate Circumcision"
3744:Bodily Integrity and the Politics of Circumcision
4785:Werblowsky, R.J. Zwi; Wigoder, Geoffrey (1997).
3598:The Collegeville Bible Commentary: Old Testament
7114:When Christians Were Jews: The First Generation
7007:
5522:"The Chasam Sofer's ruling on Metzitzah Be-peh"
4934:The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
4882:
2872:. After Christianity and Second Temple Judaism
2793:
2775:
2723:Religious male circumcision § Christianity
1488:
1391:"Isaac's Circumcision", Regensburg Pentateuch,
7158:The Gender of Desire: Essays on Male Sexuality
5689:"Rare Circumcision Ritual Carries Herpes Risk"
5382:"City Urges Requiring Consent for Jewish Rite"
4810:. University of California Press. p. 25.
2602:at the Brit ceremony or upon immersion in the
7982:
7484:
6024:The book was originally published in German,
5178:
5176:
5174:
5172:
4446:Berger, Itai; Steinberg, Avraham (May 2002).
3944:26:41, "their uncircumcised hearts"; compare
3800:. pp. 198–200, 282–283, 305–306, et al.
3392:The Contested Place of Religion in Family Law
1467:Covenant (biblical) § Abrahamic covenant
1092:
8:
7459:Jewish Encyclopedia's entry for Circumcision
5782:Nussbaum Cohen, Debra (September 23, 2005).
5715:
5713:
4787:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion
4236:
4234:
3570:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2399:carrying the virus themselves. Rabbi Doctor
1675:
1264:, and the rite has played a central role in
7194:Political Philosophy and the God of Abraham
7003:
7001:
5814:Nussbaum Cohen, Debra (February 23, 2006).
5359:. collive.com. Oct 24, 2012. Archived from
5183:Gesundheit, B.; et al. (August 2004).
4763:Rabbah b. Isaac in the name of Rab. "71b".
4722:. Oxford University Press. pp. 46–47.
3050:According to 19th century British explorer
2477:for brit milah, because they are done with
2063:At the neonatal stage, the inner preputial
1638:Jewish circumcision in Venice around 1780,
27:Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony
7989:
7975:
7967:
7491:
7477:
7469:
6948:Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of Thomas
5469:Macdowell, Mississippi Fred (2010-04-26).
5145:"Metzitza Be'Peh – Halachic Clarification"
5114:
5112:
5037:Nussbaum Cohen, Debra (October 14, 2005).
4652:Gracely-Kilgore, Katharine A. (May 1984).
4103:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–30.
3574:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3479:Cohen-Almagor, Raphael (9 November 2020).
2880:was declared spiritually unnecessary as a
2014:According to the Western Ashkenazic rite,
1296:in Jewish theology: the extinction of the
1099:
1085:
31:
7013:, along with any others who revealed the
6520:Grynbaum, Michael M. (9 September 2015).
5203:
4854:The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles
4842:
4840:
4838:
4388:J. The Jewish News of Northern California
3496:
2735:. He claimed that the foreskin prevented
2712:"Is a symbol of a man's knowing himself".
1986:for unhesitatingly performing the ritual;
1570:The penalty of willful non-observance is
1304:. Judaism does not see circumcision as a
5905:Susan Donaldson James (March 12, 2012).
4849:"Death Spotlights Old Circumcision Rite"
4362:Halachic World – Volume 3: Contemporary
3216:The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism
2948:metaphor for mankind perfecting creation
2370:posed a serious risk in the transfer of
2104:Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion
2067:is still linked with the surface of the
1432:hold that it would not have mentioned a
1244:. Today, it is generally performed by a
1217:is surgically removed. According to the
1146:
7394:
7392:
6728:
6726:
6072:Witty, Allison C. (September 2, 2012).
5105:from the original on February 19, 2014.
5013:Goldberger, Frimet (18 February 2014).
4749:(note: section 19.2 from Moed tractate
4540:. Oxford University Press. p. 153.
3089:
2327:at the time and author of the responsa
1853:In a letter to the editor published in
43:
8187:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law
7348:"Berit Mila Program of Reform Judaism"
7292:"B'rit Milah: The Circumcision Ritual"
7148:
7146:
7144:
7142:
6975:
6973:
6971:
6742:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
6286:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6279:
6209:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6202:
6132:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6125:
6054:from the original on December 31, 2015
5673:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5666:
5634:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5627:
5341:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5334:
5015:"Why My Son Underwent Metzitzah B'Peh"
4861:from the original on December 13, 2006
4694:. Circlist. 2014-03-07. Archived from
3733:
3731:
3729:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3563:
3421:
3419:
3220:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
1924:Seudat Mitzah at a brit (1824 Czechia)
1774:An Israeli study found a high rate of
7267:Central Conference of American Rabbis
6588:Committee on Jewish Law and Standards
4995:from the original on January 27, 2013
4686:
4684:
3994:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3385:
3383:
3317:Encyclopedia of Jewish Medical Ethics
3310:
3308:
3306:
3196:
3194:
3030:Central Conference of American Rabbis
2858:attempted to hide their circumcisions
2618:, with naming occurring at immersion.
2234:The traditional method of performing
2190:Shabbat 19:2) mentions a third step,
2021:Elohim tzivita li-yedidcha bechiracha
1733:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
1640:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
1511:to be uncircumcised. The plural term
1192:
1158:
7:
5917:from the original on April 19, 2017.
5064:"City Challenged On Ritual Practice"
4167:Berit Mila Program of Reform Judaism
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
2583:, and complete the conversion then.
1778:if the bandage is left on too long.
1653:are Jews trained in the practice of
1276:, when discussing the importance of
6982:"Epispasm: Circumcision in Reverse"
6363:Maimon, Debbie (26 December 2012).
5875:Novello, Antonia C. (May 8, 2006).
4847:Hartog, Kelly (February 18, 2005).
4287:from the original on 20 August 2009
2494:
2299:She’eilos u’teshuvos Maharam Schick
2243:
2151:
2085:
1890:
1755:Family circumcision set and trunk,
1668:
1182:
1133:
7166:State University of New York Press
6626:"The Mitzvah of Brit Milah (Bris)"
6084:from the original on March 6, 2016
5394:from the original on June 25, 2017
4427:from the original on July 14, 2014
4381:Harris, Patricia (June 11, 1999).
3248:The Book of Genesis, Chapters 1-17
2800:Foreskin was considered a sign of
1707:Circumcision bench, 18th century.
1280:, considers it equal to all other
25:
7315:Niebuhr, Gustav (June 28, 2001).
7227:Springer International Publishing
5734:from the original on May 15, 2013
4254:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
3700:Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard (1990).
3464:. Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center.
2980:became adopted among Jews by the
2114:, the Torah only commands milah.
1544:from Egypt were not circumcised.
7552:
7545:
7440:
6952:Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
6705:; Colson, F.H. (trans.) (1937).
6656:the Book of Beliefs and Opinions
5720:Newman, Andy (August 26, 2005).
5528:. April 16, 2012. Archived from
5306:from the original on 2016-07-10.
5283:The Week, Retrieved 30 June 2012
5262:from the original on 2015-12-08.
5133:from the original on 2014-02-10.
4716:Glick, Leonard B. (2005-06-30).
4571:Archives of Disease in Childhood
4507:10.2165/00148581-200709020-00006
4264:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
4240:
3863:. Inner City Books. p. 30.
3125:"Circumcision: The Cutting Away"
2222:
1066:
63:
57:
51:
8192:Talmud concepts and terminology
7405:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
7043:(1993), p. 149, Scholars Press.
7031:, that was aimed at elongation.
6851:from the original on 2021-11-23
6628:. Ahavat Israel. Archived from
6502:from the original on 2015-09-30
5752:Clarke, Suzan (June 21, 2006).
5231:from the original on 2006-07-23
4804:Cohen, Shaye J.D (2005-09-06).
4582:from the original on 2010-06-29
4220:from the original on 2012-01-16
4070:from the original on 2016-04-25
3988:(1990). Havazelet, Meir (ed.).
3532:Gollaher, David, 1949- (2000).
3348:Oliver, Isaac W. (2013-05-14).
2895:In the mid-2nd century CE, the
1747:Postponement for health reasons
1531:(unpure) for heathen. The word
7198:Johns Hopkins University Press
6603:. Askmoses.com. Archived from
5357:"Lawsuit Unites Jewish Groups"
5151:. June 7, 2005. Archived from
4654:"Further Fate of the Foreskin"
4639:American Academy of Pediatrics
4566:"Further Fate of the Foreskin"
3143:be of no value (Shab. xxx. 6).
2787:According to saying 53 of the
2727:The 1st-century Jewish author
2519:Set of brit milah implements,
1993:speedily in the merit of this
1:
8167:Judaism-related controversies
5563:. Dhengah.org. Archived from
5149:Rabbinical Council of America
5121:"Controversial circumcisions"
4628:Circumcision Policy Statement
4614:there adds: "and is punished
4306:Kreimer, Susan (2004-10-22).
3028:in this ritual. By 2001, the
2884:by Christian writers such as
2430:New York Department of Health
2418:Rabbinical Council of America
2345:Rabbinical Council of America
1756:
1599:As found in Genesis 17:1–14,
1410:
1392:
1300:and denial of a share in the
7399:Conder, C. R. (1887-10-01).
7221:Baky Fahmy, Mohamed (2020).
7080:10.1016/0090-4295(80)90354-4
7056:Rubin, Jody P. (July 1980).
6980:Hall, Robert (August 1992).
6042:admin (September 13, 2012).
6003:. Rabbis.org. Archived from
5784:"City: Brit Case To Bet Din"
4692:"Styles – Judaism and Islam"
4169:. 2013-10-07. Archived from
4137:Lubrich, Naomi, ed. (2022).
3078:History of male circumcision
2950:, and as a means to promote
2942:, as a visual marker of the
2642:Visible symbol of a covenant
2058:Jewish Museum of Switzerland
1709:Jewish Museum of Switzerland
1420:(likely composed during the
1377:Origins (unknown to 515 BCE)
8059:Religious male circumcision
7223:Normal and Abnormal Prepuce
6771:University of Chicago Press
5588:. Tradition. Archived from
4564:Øster, Jakob (April 1968).
4538:Origins of Yiddish Dialects
3756:10.1007/978-1-4020-4916-3_3
3252:Eerdmans Publishing Company
2746:There was also division in
2686:Of the Special Laws, Book 1
2499:
2363:should still be performed.
2225:
2193:
2177:
2169:
2133:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1659:
1533:
1527:
1513:
1461:Religious male circumcision
8208:
7017:, were the butt of ribald
5526:onthemainline.blogspot.com
4536:Beider, Alexander (2015).
4464:10.1177/088307380201700520
4275:Ilani, Ofri (2008-05-12).
3920:14:6, 31:4; II Samuel 1:20
3498:10.1007/s43545-020-00011-7
3435:Cambridge University Press
3396:Cambridge University Press
3366:10.30965/21967954-00401005
3354:Journal of Ancient Judaism
2974:genital nicking or cutting
2954:. The original version in
2882:condition of justification
2760:circumcision of proselytes
2720:
2126:Engraving of a brit (1657)
1556:, had them circumcised at
1517:("uncircumcised") is used
1464:
1458:
1380:
8088:Ethical and legal aspects
7543:
7417:10.1179/peq.1887.19.4.233
7263:"Circumcision of Infants"
6916:The Birth of Christianity
6874:"The Proselyte Who Comes"
6805:; Neusner, Jacob (1988).
5943:October 21, 2012, at the
5586:"The Making of Metzitzah"
5550:Sdei Chemed vol. 8 p. 238
5497:Divine Law in Human Hands
5439:"Editorial & Opinion"
5099:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
4666:(2): 4–22. Archived from
4199:Shulchan Aruch YD 266:10.
3786:Stavrakopoulou, Francesca
3284:Brandeis University Press
2699:Protects against disease,
2688:, the Jewish philosopher
2354:Chief Rabbinate of Israel
1861:Rabbi Moshe David Tendler
1798:Circumcision for the dead
1677:
1676:
1669:
1266:the formation and history
1183:
1134:
7373:"Reimagining the Mikveh"
7296:Union for Reform Judaism
6565:Mesorah Publications Ltd
6560:Rabbi Paysach J. Krohn,
4312:The Jewish Daily Forward
4190:Shulchan Aruch YD 266:8.
3738:Glick, Nansi S. (2006),
3710:Indiana University Press
3123:; Broydé, Isaac (1906).
2888:and subsequently in the
1776:urinary tract infections
1260:is considered among the
6026:Die Ausübung der Mezizo
5205:10.1542/peds.114.2.e259
4791:Oxford University Press
4415:"Pain and Circumcision"
4360:Rabbi Yaakov Montrose.
4261:The Jewish Encyclopedia
4097:Hendel, Ronald (2005).
3674:. pp. 1–3, 15–35.
3672:Oxford University Press
3596:Karris, Robert (1992).
3130:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2860:through the process of
2711:
2608:Zichron Brit LeRishonim
2508:
2428:In September 2012, the
2420:, the largest group of
2317:Halacha l'Moshe m'Sinai
2307:Halacha l'Moshe m'Sinai
1832:Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg
1383:History of circumcision
1327:, most famously in the
1115:1824 illustration from
8026:History and prevalence
7269:. 1982. Archived from
7046:
6765:Darby, Robert (2013).
6586:, Rabbinical Assembly
4991:. September 12, 2012.
4944:
4913:through the custom of
4063:Jewish Virtual Library
3390:Wilson, Robin (2018).
2944:covenant of the pieces
2915:and its corresponding
2798:
2785:
2524:
2127:
2060:
2056:Circumcision cushion,
2049:
1933:After the ceremony, a
1925:
1760:
1735:
1712:
1642:
1499:
1398:
1119:
8157:Jewish medical ethics
7610:Prayers and blessings
7449:at Wikimedia Commons
7123:Yale University Press
6912:Dominic Crossan, John
5699:on September 20, 2005
4953:Tractate Shabbos 133b
4939:Yale University Press
4332:Reiner, Rami (2022).
3315:Rosner, Fred (2003).
3073:Khitan (circumcision)
3068:Circumcision of Jesus
3056:Samaritan High Priest
2771:Jesus was circumcised
2721:Further information:
2518:
2325:Chief Rabbi of Vienna
2313:Chaim Hezekiah Medini
2274:Jewish medical ethics
2125:
2055:
2047:
1972:(companion of child);
1923:
1781:If the child is born
1754:
1723:
1706:
1637:
1578:Conversion to Judaism
1390:
1381:Further information:
1114:
8162:Judaism and children
7746:Weekly Torah reading
7200:. pp. 151–152.
6567:, 1985, pp. 103–105.
5938:2003 Dec;5(12):893-4
5883:on February 18, 2007
5494:Katz, Jacob (1998).
5451:on November 20, 2006
5272:Staff (8 June 2012)
5258:. 24 December 2014.
5101:. February 2, 2014.
4602:Mishnah Shabbat 19:6
4366:topics based on the
3748:Springer Netherlands
3084:Notes and references
2994:Babylonian captivity
2982:Second Temple period
2890:Council of Jerusalem
2874:split apart from one
2624:Conservative Judaism
2560:Conservative Judaism
2541:Conservative Judaism
2095:first inhabited the
1937:takes place. At the
1859:on January 3, 1998,
1371:undergo circumcision
7579:Bar and bat mitzvah
7401:"Samaritan Customs"
7329:on January 30, 2013
6920:Bloomsbury Academic
6703:Philo of Alexandria
6440:on 22 November 2017
6426:"Consent Forms For
6030:Mitzvas Hametzitzah
6007:on January 17, 2012
5957:Halperin, Mordechai
5877:"Dear Rabbi Letter"
5853:on February 5, 2007
5561:"Kuntres Hamiliuim"
5255:New York Daily News
4423:. January 3, 1998.
4127:, Yoreh De'ah, l.c.
3462:"What Is Hanukkah?"
3427:Livingston, Michael
3321:Feldheim Publishers
3000:before the period.
2968:that overhangs the
2614:Jews follows Rabbi
2566:interpretations of
1455:Biblical references
1422:seventh century BCE
1306:universal moral law
1270:Jewish civilization
1213:, during which the
1160:[bʁisˈmilə]
1148:[bʁitmiˈla]
978:Abrahamic religions
877:Selichot (S'lichot)
669:Bar and bat mitzvah
172:Principles of faith
8064:Early Christianity
8017:Surgical procedure
7718:Religious practice
7322:The New York Times
7125:. pp. 10–11.
6582:2010-11-27 at the
6527:The New York Times
6405:on 26 October 2017
6344:on 20 October 2015
5727:The New York Times
5419:on October 1, 2014
5387:The New York Times
5279:2016-03-05 at the
4988:The New York Times
4659:Nurse Practitioner
4633:2009-03-20 at the
4420:The New York Times
3750:, pp. 37–47,
3485:SN Social Sciences
3121:Friedenwald, Aaron
2988:being linked to a
2976:, known as simply
2964:, the part of the
2856:, many Jewish men
2739:from reaching the
2525:
2401:Mordechai Halperin
2146:In the Metzitzah (
2128:
2061:
2050:
1991:Messiah in Judaism
1977:three times a year
1926:
1912:Middle High German
1856:The New York Times
1828:Eliezer Waldenberg
1789:Adult circumcision
1761:
1736:
1713:
1643:
1481:biblical patriarch
1399:
1227:biblical patriarch
1120:
1073:Judaism portal
1038:Holocaust theology
8177:Positive Mitzvoth
8152:Jewish life cycle
8134:
8133:
8052:Religious aspects
7964:
7963:
7620:Grace after meals
7505:Birth and infancy
7445:Media related to
7377:ReformJudaism.org
7236:978-3-030-37621-5
7207:978-0-8018-8761-1
7175:978-0-7914-6337-6
7132:978-0-300-19051-9
7109:Fredriksen, Paula
6961:978-1-4000-7908-7
6929:978-0-567-08668-6
6820:978-0-8006-0875-0
6780:978-0-226-10978-7
6751:978-0-8028-0966-7
6716:978-0-674-99250-4
6688:Boyarin, Daniel.
6666:978-0-300-04490-4
5828:on April 29, 2006
5821:The Jewish Ledger
5390:. June 12, 2012.
5155:on April 15, 2007
4905:diseases such as
4817:978-0-520-21250-3
4768:Tractate Yebamoth
4729:978-0-19-517674-2
4395:on 13 August 2016
4148:978-3-7965-4607-5
3996:Mossad Harav Kook
3986:Zechariah ha-Rofé
3870:978-0-919123-23-6
3839:978-0-567-36246-9
3807:978-3-11-089964-1
3798:Walter de Gruyter
3765:978-1-4020-4915-6
3719:978-0-253-31946-3
3681:978-0-19-517674-2
3615:978-0-8146-2210-0
3444:978-1-108-75726-3
3405:978-1-108-41760-0
3330:978-1-58330-592-8
3293:978-1-58465-307-3
3261:978-0-8028-2521-6
3229:978-1-4674-6609-7
3184:978-0-465-02653-1
3177:. pp. 1–30.
2990:biblical covenant
2911:as possible, the
2814:Greco-Roman world
2765:According to the
2748:Pharisaic Judaism
2668:Talmud professor
2647:Rabbi Saadia Gaon
2632:milah l'shem giur
2529:milah l'shem giur
2510:Milah L'shem Giur
2333:metztitzah b'peh.
2215:, however, since
2112:Shaye J. D. Cohen
2048:Infant after brit
2032:Ritual components
1741:Caesarean section
1471:According to the
1365:, the parents of
1117:Lipník nad Bečvou
1109:
1108:
461:Important figures
135:Reconstructionist
16:(Redirected from
8199:
8182:Rites of passage
7991:
7984:
7977:
7968:
7726:613 commandments
7648:Marriageable age
7556:
7549:
7493:
7486:
7479:
7470:
7444:
7429:
7428:
7396:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7383:
7369:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7325:. Archived from
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7259:
7253:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7218:
7212:
7211:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7150:
7137:
7136:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7053:
7047:
7044:
7005:
6996:
6995:
6977:
6966:
6965:
6940:
6934:
6933:
6908:
6902:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6856:
6837:(June 7, 2020).
6831:
6825:
6824:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6734:Bruce, Frederick
6730:
6721:
6720:
6699:
6693:
6691:
6686:
6680:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6659:. Yale Judaica.
6647:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6622:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6597:
6591:
6574:
6568:
6558:
6552:
6542:
6536:
6535:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6470:on 18 March 2018
6466:. Archived from
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6436:. Archived from
6421:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6371:. Archived from
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6340:. Archived from
6330:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6310:. Archived from
6298:
6292:
6291:
6285:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6268:
6262:. Archived from
6261:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6233:. Archived from
6221:
6215:
6214:
6208:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6191:
6185:. Archived from
6184:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6156:. Archived from
6144:
6138:
6137:
6131:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6114:
6108:. Archived from
6107:
6099:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6039:
6033:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5984:
5982:
5977:on March 6, 2012
5953:
5947:
5934:
5928:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5824:. Archived from
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5792:. Archived from
5779:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5760:. Archived from
5758:The Journal News
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5717:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5695:. Archived from
5685:
5679:
5678:
5672:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5652:. Archived from
5646:
5640:
5639:
5633:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5613:. Archived from
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5557:
5551:
5548:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5532:on April 2, 2015
5518:
5512:
5511:
5500:. Magnes Press.
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5475:On the Main Line
5466:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5447:. Archived from
5435:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5340:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5320:. Archived from
5314:
5308:
5307:
5290:
5284:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5230:
5207:
5189:
5180:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5160:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5116:
5107:
5106:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5072:. Archived from
5059:
5053:
5052:
5047:. Archived from
5034:
5028:
5027:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4844:
4833:
4832:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4760:
4754:
4751:Shabbat (Talmud)
4748:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4688:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4649:
4643:
4625:
4619:
4612:Jerusalem Talmud
4609:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4561:
4555:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4391:. Archived from
4378:
4372:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4134:
4128:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4054:
4048:
4046:Genesis 34:14–16
4043:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3991:Midrash ha-Ḥefez
3982:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:Genesis 17:10–14
3881:
3875:
3874:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3822:Barker, Margaret
3818:
3812:
3811:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3735:
3724:
3723:
3697:
3686:
3685:
3656:
3623:
3622:
3606:Liturgical Press
3593:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3561:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3500:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3387:
3378:
3377:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3312:
3301:
3300:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3244:Hamilton, Victor
3240:
3234:
3233:
3211:
3205:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3159:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3113:Kohler, Kaufmann
3105:
2886:Paul the Apostle
2789:Gospel of Thomas
2783:
2773:on the 8th day.
2758:on the issue of
2752:Hillel the Elder
2652:Sefer ha-Chinuch
2636:hatafat dam brit
2553:Orthodox Judaism
2533:Orthodox Judaism
2504:
2496:
2461:Hatafat dam brit
2366:The practice of
2358:Edah HaChareidis
2341:metzitzah b'peh.
2276:. The ritual of
2245:
2228:
2196:
2180:
2172:
2153:
2136:
2087:
2018:is not recited.
1935:celebratory meal
1915:gevater/gevatere
1892:
1758:
1727:used during the
1699:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1536:
1530:
1516:
1497:
1496:Genesis 17:10–14
1415:
1412:
1397:
1394:
1329:Maccabean Revolt
1196:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1071:
1070:
1069:
343:Aruch HaShulchan
67:
61:
55:
32:
21:
8207:
8206:
8202:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8130:
8114:
8083:
8047:
8021:
8005:Medical aspects
8000:
7995:
7965:
7960:
7946:Yahrzeit candle
7907:
7795:Religious items
7790:
7712:
7634:
7615:Prayer services
7593:
7557:
7551:
7550:
7541:
7512:Hebrew birthday
7500:
7497:
7438:
7433:
7432:
7398:
7397:
7390:
7381:
7379:
7371:
7370:
7366:
7357:
7355:
7346:
7345:
7341:
7332:
7330:
7314:
7313:
7309:
7300:
7298:
7290:
7289:
7285:
7276:
7274:
7261:
7260:
7256:
7251:
7247:
7237:
7220:
7219:
7215:
7208:
7188:
7187:
7183:
7176:
7168:. p. 183.
7154:Kimmel, Michael
7152:
7151:
7140:
7133:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7092:
7090:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7045:
7035:
7006:
6999:
6979:
6978:
6969:
6962:
6954:. p. 234.
6942:
6941:
6937:
6930:
6922:. p. 327.
6910:
6909:
6905:
6898:
6894:
6884:
6882:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6854:
6852:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6821:
6813:. p. 127.
6801:
6800:
6796:
6781:
6773:. p. 205.
6764:
6763:
6759:
6752:
6744:. p. 329.
6732:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6701:
6700:
6696:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6679:2nd commandment
6678:
6674:
6667:
6649:
6648:
6644:
6635:
6633:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6610:
6608:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6584:Wayback Machine
6575:
6571:
6559:
6555:
6543:
6539:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6505:
6503:
6488:
6487:
6483:
6473:
6471:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6443:
6441:
6434:jewishpress.com
6428:Metzitzah B'Peh
6423:
6422:
6418:
6408:
6406:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6378:
6376:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6317:
6315:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6259:
6257:"Archived copy"
6255:
6254:
6250:
6240:
6238:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6201:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6180:"Archived copy"
6178:
6177:
6173:
6163:
6161:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6105:
6103:"Archived copy"
6101:
6100:
6096:
6087:
6085:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6057:
6055:
6041:
6040:
6036:
6023:
6019:
6010:
6008:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5980:
5978:
5959:(Winter 2006).
5955:
5954:
5950:
5945:Wayback Machine
5935:
5931:
5926:
5922:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5886:
5884:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5856:
5854:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5831:
5829:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5799:
5797:
5789:The Jewish Week
5781:
5780:
5776:
5767:
5765:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5737:
5735:
5719:
5718:
5711:
5702:
5700:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5665:
5659:
5657:
5650:"Archived copy"
5648:
5647:
5643:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5611:"Archived copy"
5609:
5608:
5604:
5595:
5593:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5570:
5568:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5535:
5533:
5520:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5479:
5477:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5454:
5452:
5444:The Jewish Week
5437:
5436:
5432:
5422:
5420:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5397:
5395:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5366:
5364:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5318:"Archived copy"
5316:
5315:
5311:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5281:Wayback Machine
5271:
5267:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5170:
5158:
5156:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5118:
5117:
5110:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5079:
5077:
5069:The Jewish Week
5061:
5060:
5056:
5044:The Jewish Week
5036:
5035:
5031:
5012:
5011:
5007:
4998:
4996:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4927:Epstein, Lisa,
4926:
4881:
4877:
4864:
4862:
4846:
4845:
4836:
4818:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4730:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4701:
4699:
4690:
4689:
4682:
4673:
4671:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4635:Wayback Machine
4626:
4622:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4585:
4583:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4359:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4252:Singer, Isidore
4250:
4241:
4239:
4232:
4223:
4221:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4176:
4174:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4073:
4071:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4040:
4033:
4029:
4016:
4015:
4011:
3998:. p. 137.
3984:
3983:
3979:
3974:Genesis 17:1–14
3972:
3968:
3960:
3956:
3940:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3857:Edinger, Edward
3855:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3832:. p. 130.
3820:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3737:
3736:
3727:
3720:
3712:. p. 172.
3699:
3698:
3689:
3682:
3658:
3657:
3626:
3616:
3595:
3594:
3583:
3562:
3550:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3406:
3398:. p. 174.
3389:
3388:
3381:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3331:
3323:. p. 196.
3314:
3313:
3304:
3294:
3286:. p. 141.
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3254:. p. 473.
3242:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3163:Gollaher, David
3161:
3160:
3149:
3135:
3133:
3107:
3106:
3091:
3086:
3064:
3038:
3036:In Samaritanism
3015:Samuel Holdheim
3006:
2972:. This form of
2936:sexual pleasure
2812:throughout the
2784:
2781:
2725:
2719:
2682:
2644:
2616:Moshe Feinstein
2606:. According to
2593:Jewish Holidays
2575:immerse in the
2513:
2463:
2452:strict scrutiny
2445:strict scrutiny
2422:Modern Orthodox
2410:
2393:Antonia Novello
2368:metzitzah b'peh
2361:metzitzah b'peh
2244:מְצִיצָה בְּפֶה
2236:metzitzah b'peh
2232:
2226:Metzitzah B'Peh
2166:In addition to
2139:
2042:
2034:
2016:Nodeh Leshimcha
1945:Nodeh Leshimcha
1931:
1917:("godfather").
1877:
1840:Moshe Feinstein
1811:Most prominent
1809:
1800:
1791:
1749:
1725:Chair of Elijah
1718:
1648:
1632:
1521:, denoting the
1498:
1495:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1449:child sacrifice
1413:
1395:
1385:
1379:
1333:Seleucid Empire
1312:who follow the
1219:Book of Genesis
1189:
1152:
1140:
1105:
1067:
1065:
1058:
1057:
1003:
1002:
993:
992:
983:Judeo-Christian
946:
945:
943:Other religions
934:
933:
894:
893:
882:
881:
817:
816:
805:
804:
759:
712:
711:
702:
701:
683:
649:
648:
633:
632:
588:
587:
585:Religious roles
576:
575:
538:
534:
464:
463:
452:
451:
413:
389:
388:
373:
372:
338:Mishnah Berurah
318:
317:
306:
305:
280:
233:
226:
225:
214:
213:
167:
166:
155:
154:
86:
79:
78:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8205:
8203:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8139:
8138:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8128:
8122:
8120:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8091:
8089:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8055:
8053:
8049:
8048:
8046:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8029:
8027:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8008:
8006:
8002:
8001:
7996:
7994:
7993:
7986:
7979:
7971:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7921:Chevra Kadisha
7917:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7847:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7798:
7796:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7722:
7720:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7678:Jewish wedding
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7644:
7642:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7605:Ritual washing
7601:
7599:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7508:
7506:
7502:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7473:
7467:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7437:
7436:External links
7434:
7431:
7430:
7411:(4): 233–236.
7388:
7364:
7339:
7307:
7283:
7254:
7245:
7235:
7229:. p. 13.
7213:
7206:
7190:Pangle, Thomas
7181:
7174:
7138:
7131:
7100:
7048:
7037:Neusner, Jacob
7033:
6997:
6967:
6960:
6944:Pagels, Elaine
6935:
6928:
6903:
6892:
6865:
6826:
6819:
6811:Fortress Press
6794:
6779:
6757:
6750:
6722:
6715:
6694:
6681:
6672:
6665:
6642:
6617:
6592:
6569:
6553:
6545:Shulchan Aruch
6537:
6512:
6498:. 2014-08-15.
6481:
6451:
6416:
6386:
6355:
6325:
6293:
6248:
6216:
6171:
6139:
6094:
6064:
6034:
6017:
5992:
5948:
5929:
5920:
5911:abcnews.go.com
5897:
5867:
5838:
5806:
5774:
5744:
5709:
5680:
5641:
5602:
5577:
5552:
5543:
5513:
5507:978-9652239808
5506:
5486:
5461:
5430:
5404:
5373:
5348:
5309:
5285:
5265:
5241:
5198:(2): e259–63.
5168:
5136:
5108:
5086:
5054:
5051:on 2007-05-22.
5029:
5005:
4974:
4965:
4955:
4946:
4929:"Circumcision"
4924:
4875:
4834:
4816:
4796:
4777:
4755:
4728:
4708:
4680:
4644:
4620:
4592:
4556:
4543:
4528:
4495:Paediatr Drugs
4485:
4452:J Child Neurol
4438:
4406:
4373:
4350:
4324:
4298:
4267:
4230:
4201:
4192:
4183:
4154:
4147:
4129:
4125:Shulkhan Arukh
4116:
4109:
4089:
4080:
4049:
4038:
4027:
4009:
3977:
3966:
3954:
3934:
3922:
3910:
3898:
3895:Leviticus 12:3
3887:
3876:
3869:
3848:
3838:
3813:
3806:
3777:
3764:
3725:
3718:
3687:
3680:
3660:Glick, Leonard
3624:
3614:
3608:. p. 57.
3581:
3548:
3524:
3471:
3453:
3443:
3437:. p. 87.
3415:
3404:
3379:
3360:(1): 105–132.
3340:
3329:
3302:
3292:
3270:
3260:
3235:
3228:
3206:
3190:
3183:
3147:
3117:Jacobs, Joseph
3088:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3037:
3034:
3020:Reform Judaism
3010:Abraham Geiger
3005:
3004:Reform Judaism
3002:
2956:Judaic history
2932:male sexuality
2836:sexual arousal
2779:
2767:Gospel of Luke
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2681:
2678:
2670:Daniel Boyarin
2666:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2643:
2640:
2620:
2619:
2596:
2512:
2507:
2462:
2459:
2438:Awi Federgruen
2409:
2406:
2380:metzizah b'peh
2321:Lazar Horowitz
2231:
2230:(oral suction)
2221:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2129:
2116:David Gollaher
2097:Land of Israel
2041:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1940:birkat hamazon
1930:
1929:Seudat mitzvah
1927:
1895:Ashkenazi Jews
1876:
1873:
1817:rule that the
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1748:
1745:
1717:
1716:Time and place
1714:
1688:, feminine of
1647:
1644:
1631:
1628:
1594:Reform Judaism
1493:
1479:commanded the
1459:Main article:
1456:
1453:
1401:The origin of
1378:
1375:
1355:Gospel of Luke
1251:seudat mitzvah
1225:commanded the
1194:[bʁɪs]
1142:Modern Israeli
1135:בְּרִית מִילָה
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1001:Related topics
1000:
999:
998:
995:
994:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
947:
941:
940:
939:
936:
935:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
895:
891:Major holidays
889:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
847:Birkat Hamazon
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
818:
812:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
797:
791:
790:
789:
788:
781:
774:
767:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
713:
710:Ritual objects
709:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
694:
689:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
650:
640:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
583:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
568:
563:
557:
556:
555:
554:
549:
544:
531:Rabbinic sages
526:
525:
520:
515:
510:
504:
503:
498:
493:
488:
482:
481:
476:
471:
465:
459:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
444:
439:
437:Chevra kadisha
434:
429:
424:
419:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
390:
380:
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
333:Shulchan Aruch
330:
325:
319:
313:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
274:
273:
268:
263:
258:
252:
251:
250:
249:
244:
239:
227:
221:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
209:Musar movement
206:
205:
204:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
168:
162:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
126:
125:
120:
119:
118:
107:
106:
105:
104:
99:
98:
97:
80:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8204:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8117:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8095:Controversies
8093:
8092:
8090:
8086:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8050:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8024:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7992:
7987:
7985:
7980:
7978:
7973:
7972:
7969:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7852:
7849:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7808:
7805:
7804:
7803:
7802:Sifrei Kodesh
7800:
7799:
7797:
7793:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7715:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7693:Sheva Brachot
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7653:Role of women
7651:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7641:
7637:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7562:Coming of age
7560:
7555:
7548:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7517:Shalom Zachar
7515:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7494:
7489:
7487:
7482:
7480:
7475:
7474:
7471:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7443:
7435:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7378:
7374:
7368:
7365:
7354:on 2013-10-07
7353:
7349:
7343:
7340:
7328:
7324:
7323:
7318:
7311:
7308:
7297:
7293:
7287:
7284:
7273:on 2012-03-15
7272:
7268:
7264:
7258:
7255:
7249:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7217:
7214:
7209:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7185:
7182:
7177:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7162:United States
7159:
7155:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7139:
7134:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7104:
7101:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7064:
7059:
7052:
7049:
7042:
7038:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6993:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6976:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6939:
6936:
6931:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6896:
6893:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6869:
6866:
6862:
6850:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6836:
6830:
6827:
6822:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6803:Borgen, Peder
6798:
6795:
6791:
6789:
6782:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6761:
6758:
6753:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6727:
6723:
6718:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6698:
6695:
6685:
6682:
6676:
6673:
6668:
6662:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6646:
6643:
6632:on 2012-02-04
6631:
6627:
6621:
6618:
6607:on 2012-02-21
6606:
6602:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6573:
6570:
6566:
6563:
6557:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6541:
6538:
6533:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6516:
6513:
6501:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6485:
6482:
6469:
6465:
6464:becketlaw.org
6461:
6455:
6452:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6429:
6420:
6417:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6390:
6387:
6375:on 8 May 2018
6374:
6370:
6366:
6359:
6356:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6326:
6314:on 8 May 2018
6313:
6309:
6308:
6307:CourtListener
6303:
6297:
6294:
6289:
6283:
6269:on 2013-05-15
6265:
6258:
6252:
6249:
6237:on 8 May 2018
6236:
6232:
6231:
6230:CourtListener
6226:
6220:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6192:on 2013-05-15
6188:
6181:
6175:
6172:
6160:on 8 May 2018
6159:
6155:
6154:
6153:CourtListener
6149:
6143:
6140:
6135:
6129:
6115:on 2013-05-15
6111:
6104:
6098:
6095:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6068:
6065:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6018:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5966:Jewish Action
5962:
5958:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5933:
5930:
5924:
5921:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5882:
5878:
5871:
5868:
5864:
5852:
5848:
5842:
5839:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5810:
5807:
5796:on 2006-11-20
5795:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5778:
5775:
5764:on 2006-07-06
5763:
5759:
5755:
5748:
5745:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5656:on 2014-02-22
5655:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5617:on 2014-02-22
5616:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5592:on 2014-05-02
5591:
5587:
5581:
5578:
5567:on 2007-09-27
5566:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5490:
5487:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5462:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5423:September 29,
5418:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5363:on 2015-12-08
5362:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5324:on 2012-06-17
5323:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5076:on 2006-11-20
5075:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5058:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5033:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5009:
5006:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4959:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4923:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4860:
4856:
4855:
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4781:
4778:
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4769:
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4759:
4756:
4752:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4709:
4698:on 2014-05-15
4697:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4670:on 2010-06-28
4669:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4648:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4624:
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4608:
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4596:
4593:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4567:
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4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4539:
4532:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4501:(2): 125–27.
4500:
4496:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4458:(5): 400–01.
4457:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4439:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4325:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4299:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4271:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4247:public domain
4237:
4235:
4231:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4173:on 2013-10-07
4172:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4110:9780199784622
4106:
4102:
4101:
4093:
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4084:
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4019:
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4001:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3987:
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3852:
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3830:T&T Clark
3827:
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3814:
3809:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3746:, Dordrecht:
3745:
3741:
3734:
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3726:
3721:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3706:United States
3703:
3696:
3694:
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3673:
3669:
3668:United States
3665:
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3649:
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3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
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3607:
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3602:United States
3599:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3549:0-465-04397-6
3545:
3542:. p. 2.
3541:
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3508:
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3499:
3494:
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3397:
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3367:
3363:
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3326:
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3318:
3311:
3309:
3307:
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3299:
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3267:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3249:
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3225:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:United States
3168:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
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3094:
3090:
3083:
3079:
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3069:
3066:
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3045:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
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2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
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2926:
2925:United States
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:Roman culture
2847:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2797:
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2778:
2774:
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2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
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2734:
2730:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2680:Other reasons
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2396:
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2369:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
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2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:According to
2108:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1879:The title of
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:Shmuel Wosner
1841:
1837:
1836:Shmuel Wosner
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1519:opprobriously
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1408:
1407:Sixth Dynasty
1404:
1389:
1384:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:records that
1356:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:world to come
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1242:Jewish people
1239:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1113:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
944:
938:
937:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Rosh Hashanah
897:
896:
892:
886:
885:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
815:
809:
808:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
787:
786:
782:
780:
779:
775:
773:
772:
768:
766:
765:
761:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
706:
705:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
647:
643:
637:
636:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
586:
580:
579:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
537:
533:
532:
528:
527:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
462:
456:
455:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
383:
377:
376:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
323:Mishneh Torah
321:
320:
316:
310:
309:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
279:
276:
275:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
232:
229:
228:
224:
218:
217:
210:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
165:
159:
158:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
103:
100:
96:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
85:
82:
81:
77:
71:
70:
66:
60:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
8147:Circumcision
8126:Circumcision
8068:
8043:Perspectives
7998:Circumcision
7903:Four species
7537:Pidyon haben
7521:
7439:
7408:
7404:
7380:. Retrieved
7367:
7356:. Retrieved
7352:the original
7342:
7331:. Retrieved
7327:the original
7320:
7310:
7299:. Retrieved
7286:
7275:. Retrieved
7271:the original
7257:
7248:
7240:
7222:
7216:
7193:
7184:
7157:
7113:
7103:
7091:. Retrieved
7067:
7061:
7051:
7040:
7026:
7014:
7009:Circumcised
7008:
6991:
6987:Bible Review
6985:
6947:
6938:
6915:
6906:
6895:
6885:November 26,
6883:. Retrieved
6879:Jewish Ideas
6877:
6868:
6860:
6853:. Retrieved
6842:
6829:
6806:
6797:
6788:Herbert Snow
6784:
6766:
6760:
6737:
6706:
6697:
6684:
6675:
6655:
6651:Gaon, Saadia
6645:
6634:. Retrieved
6630:the original
6620:
6609:. Retrieved
6605:the original
6595:
6572:
6561:
6556:
6540:
6525:
6515:
6504:. Retrieved
6493:
6484:
6472:. Retrieved
6468:the original
6463:
6454:
6442:. Retrieved
6438:the original
6433:
6427:
6419:
6407:. Retrieved
6403:the original
6398:
6389:
6377:. Retrieved
6373:the original
6368:
6358:
6346:. Retrieved
6342:the original
6337:
6328:
6316:. Retrieved
6312:the original
6305:
6296:
6271:. Retrieved
6264:the original
6251:
6239:. Retrieved
6235:the original
6228:
6219:
6194:. Retrieved
6187:the original
6174:
6162:. Retrieved
6158:the original
6151:
6142:
6117:. Retrieved
6110:the original
6097:
6086:. Retrieved
6077:
6067:
6056:. Retrieved
6047:
6037:
6029:
6025:
6020:
6009:. Retrieved
6005:the original
5995:
5986:
5981:February 15,
5979:. Retrieved
5975:the original
5970:
5964:
5951:
5932:
5923:
5910:
5900:
5891:
5885:. Retrieved
5881:the original
5870:
5861:
5855:. Retrieved
5851:the original
5841:
5830:. Retrieved
5826:the original
5819:
5809:
5798:. Retrieved
5794:the original
5787:
5777:
5766:. Retrieved
5762:the original
5747:
5736:. Retrieved
5725:
5701:. Retrieved
5697:the original
5683:
5658:. Retrieved
5654:the original
5644:
5619:. Retrieved
5615:the original
5605:
5594:. Retrieved
5590:the original
5580:
5569:. Retrieved
5565:the original
5555:
5546:
5534:. Retrieved
5530:the original
5525:
5516:
5496:
5489:
5478:. Retrieved
5474:
5464:
5453:. Retrieved
5449:the original
5442:
5433:
5421:. Retrieved
5417:the original
5407:
5396:. Retrieved
5385:
5376:
5365:. Retrieved
5361:the original
5351:
5326:. Retrieved
5322:the original
5312:
5297:
5288:
5268:
5253:
5244:
5233:. Retrieved
5195:
5191:
5163:
5157:. Retrieved
5153:the original
5139:
5124:
5089:
5078:. Retrieved
5074:the original
5067:
5057:
5049:the original
5042:
5032:
5024:
5018:
5008:
4997:. Retrieved
4986:
4977:
4968:
4958:
4949:
4932:
4914:
4907:tuberculosis
4901:
4897:
4885:
4883:
4878:
4869:
4863:. Retrieved
4852:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4806:
4799:
4786:
4780:
4771:
4766:Talmud Bavli
4764:
4758:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4733:
4718:
4711:
4700:. Retrieved
4696:the original
4672:. Retrieved
4668:the original
4663:
4657:
4647:
4623:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4584:. Retrieved
4575:
4569:
4559:
4546:
4537:
4531:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4429:. Retrieved
4418:
4409:
4397:. Retrieved
4393:the original
4386:
4376:
4361:
4341:. Retrieved
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4301:
4289:. Retrieved
4270:
4259:
4222:. Retrieved
4204:
4195:
4186:
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4171:the original
4166:
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4072:. Retrieved
4061:
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4035:Exodus 12:48
4030:
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3771:December 21,
3769:, retrieved
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3534:
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3128:
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3049:
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3007:
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2977:
2961:acroposthion
2959:
2934:by reducing
2929:
2909:inner mucosa
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2838:and desire.
2821:
2799:
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2471:circumcision
2464:
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2289:
2280:is found in
2277:
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2038:
2037:Uncovering,
2025:
2019:
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1983:
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1590:Conservative
1571:
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1473:Hebrew Bible
1470:
1446:
1403:circumcision
1400:
1350:
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1336:
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1318:
1314:Noahide Laws
1291:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1234:the covenant
1211:Samaritanism
1203:circumcision
1199:the ceremony
1173:
1172:
1169:circumcision
1124:
1123:
1121:
1033:Anti-Judaism
1028:Antisemitism
973:Samaritanism
951:Christianity
852:Shehecheyanu
783:
776:
769:
762:
757:Four species
664:Pidyon haben
653:
618:Rosh yeshiva
529:
422:Beth midrash
368:Noahide laws
111:Conservative
29:
7741:Torah study
7668:Matchmaking
7532:Hebrew name
7527:Zeved habat
7499:Jewish life
7015:glans penis
6994:(4): 52–57.
6855:October 30,
6835:Earp, Brian
6549:Yoreh De'ah
6399:hamodia.com
6338:forward.com
5020:Forward.com
4886:berit milah
4256:"Morbidity"
3540:Basic Books
3175:Basic Books
3136:October 13,
2970:glans penis
2866:1 Maccabees
2846:Hellenistic
2828:Roman baths
2810:masculinity
2628:Bar Mitzvah
2600:Hebrew name
2581:Bar Mitzvah
2523:city museum
2501:hatafat-dam
2286:Moses Sofer
2259:Beta Israel
2026:ha-Rachaman
1957:ha-Rachaman
1783:prematurely
1605:the Sabbath
1565:Noahide Law
1523:Philistines
1414: 2345
1396: 1300
717:Sefer Torah
679:Bereavement
659:Zeved habat
442:Holy Temple
382:Holy cities
116:Conservadox
18:Berit milah
8172:Lech-Lecha
8141:Categories
8038:Prevalence
7956:Honorifics
7673:Engagement
7630:Honorifics
7598:Daily life
7522:Brit milah
7447:Brit milah
7382:2024-03-26
7358:2010-01-23
7333:2007-10-03
7301:2023-09-16
7277:2010-09-12
7011:barbarians
6636:2012-04-25
6611:2012-04-25
6562:Bris Milah
6506:2017-06-30
6273:2013-04-17
6196:2013-04-17
6119:2013-04-17
6088:2022-07-23
6058:2022-07-23
6011:2012-04-25
5887:2006-11-23
5857:2006-11-23
5832:2006-11-23
5800:2006-11-23
5768:2006-06-28
5738:2006-11-23
5703:2012-04-25
5660:2013-04-26
5621:2013-04-26
5596:2014-05-02
5571:2012-04-25
5480:2022-05-23
5455:2012-04-25
5398:2013-02-01
5367:2013-01-01
5328:2012-07-09
5235:2006-06-28
5192:Pediatrics
5159:2007-04-06
5080:2007-04-19
4999:2013-03-01
4963:practice."
4865:2006-11-22
4753:is quoted)
4702:2014-06-11
4674:2010-11-14
4586:2010-11-14
4578:: 200–02.
4224:2012-04-25
4214:Chabad.org
4177:2022-07-23
4074:2022-07-23
3044:brit milah
2612:Ashkenazic
2487:aposthetic
2479:hemostasis
2337:brit milah
2329:Yad Elazer
2303:Yoreh Deah
2209:brit milah
2093:Israelites
2065:epithelium
1807:Anesthetic
1769:hemophilia
1765:Maimonides
1731:ceremony,
1729:brit milah
1655:brit milah
1601:brit milah
1465:See also:
1442:Genesis 17
1430:Genesis 15
1426:Pentateuch
1369:, had him
1351:Brit Milah
1321:Brit Milah
1288:Brit Milah
1278:Brit Milah
1258:Brit Milah
1125:brit milah
904:Yom Kippur
447:Tabernacle
192:Chosenness
164:Philosophy
145:Humanistic
7425:0031-0328
7093:4 January
7074:: 121–4.
7023:Greek art
6900:Luke 2:21
6369:yated.com
5536:March 23,
5299:USA Today
5214:1098-4275
4915:metsitsah
4902:metsitsah
4898:metsitsah
4890:Frankfurt
4871:suggests.
4744:metsitsah
4642:foreskin.
4343:3 January
4317:24 August
4291:15 August
3962:Leviticus
3942:Leviticus
3566:cite book
3515:228911544
3507:2662-9283
3411:practice.
3374:1869-3296
3200:Tractate
3041:Samaritan
2952:fertility
2919:from the
2901:Pharisees
2876:another,
2854:Maccabees
2842:Classical
2832:foreskins
2823:gymnasium
2796:respect."
2782:Luke 2:21
2733:free will
2521:Göttingen
2349:Tradition
2290:metzitzah
2278:metzitzah
2217:metzitzah
2213:metzitzah
2194:metzitzah
2164:metzitzah
2134:Metzitzah
1869:Lidocaine
1865:analgesic
1814:acharonim
1670:מוֹהֲלוֹת
1509:Israelite
1502:Leviticus
1424:) of the
1337:brit mila
1325:ethnocide
1154:Ashkenazi
1023:Criticism
988:Pluralism
966:Mormonism
872:Kol Nidre
646:education
571:Acharonim
417:Synagogue
394:Jerusalem
76:Movements
8119:Category
7941:Yahrzeit
7936:Tehillim
7878:Tefillin
7786:Tzedakah
7781:Holidays
7771:Chavurah
7766:Chavrusa
7751:Daf Yomi
7640:Marriage
7569:Upsherin
7192:(2007).
7156:(2005).
7111:(2018).
7072:Elsevier
7034:—
7028:epispasm
6946:(2004).
6914:(1999).
6849:Archived
6736:(1990).
6580:Archived
6532:Archived
6500:Archived
6282:cite web
6205:cite web
6128:cite web
6082:Archived
6052:Archived
5941:Archived
5915:Archived
5732:Archived
5669:cite web
5630:cite web
5392:Archived
5337:cite web
5304:Archived
5277:Archived
5260:Archived
5226:Archived
5222:15286266
5131:Archived
5103:Archived
4993:Archived
4925:—
4911:syphilis
4859:Archived
4631:Archived
4580:Archived
4552:page 739
4523:45481923
4515:17407368
4472:12150593
4431:June 11,
4425:Archived
4364:Halachic
4285:Archived
4218:Archived
4068:Archived
4022:Biblehub
4004:23773577
3946:Jeremiah
3918:I Samuel
3859:(1986).
3824:(2012).
3788:(2012).
3662:(2005).
3558:42040798
3491:(1): 8.
3429:(2021).
3246:(1990).
3165:(2001).
3062:See also
2966:foreskin
2913:frenulum
2868:and the
2862:epispasm
2806:civility
2780:—
2750:between
2546:Orthodox
2537:Orthodox
2475:halakhah
2408:Barriers
2356:and the
2339:without
2267:Metzitza
2255:Karaites
2152:מְצִיצָה
2002:to send
1893:) among
1891:קוואַטער
1678:מוֹהֶלֶת
1630:Ceremony
1619:of 612.
1613:gematria
1586:Orthodox
1582:Passover
1554:Passover
1494:—
1438:P source
1434:covenant
1418:J source
1345:Hanukkah
1341:Maccabee
1310:Gentiles
1240:and the
1236:between
1215:foreskin
1190:Yiddish:
1165:covenant
1053:Muhammad
956:Hinduism
929:Hanukkah
867:Tachanun
862:Havdalah
727:Tefillin
674:Marriage
566:Rishonim
552:Savoraim
409:Tiberias
358:Tzedakah
278:Rabbinic
177:Kabbalah
150:Haymanot
84:Orthodox
37:a series
35:Part of
8069:Judaism
8033:History
7931:Kaddish
7893:Menorah
7883:Mezuzah
7868:Tzitzit
7863:Machzor
7851:Midrash
7839:Tosefta
7834:Mishnah
7822:Ketuvim
7817:Nevi'im
7776:Chidush
7731:Customs
7708:Divorce
7688:Chuppah
7683:Ketubah
7625:Kashrut
7584:Yeshiva
7088:6994325
7063:Urology
6844:YouTube
6551:, 263:4
6495:Reuters
6078:VINnews
6048:VINnews
5126:Haaretz
4828:peri'ah
4740:peri'ah
4637:of The
4480:2169066
4399:22 June
4368:Parshah
4281:Haaretz
4249::
4024:. 2023.
3952:44:7, 9
3950:Ezekiel
3794:Germany
3202:Nedarim
3025:mohalim
2946:, as a
2905:Periah.
2897:Tannaim
2826:and in
2820:in the
2756:Shammai
2589:Shabbat
2568:halakha
2495:הטפת דם
2382:by one
2376:mohelim
2282:Mishnah
2188:Mishnah
2160:scalpel
2073:mitzvah
1996:mitzvah
1953:Kohanim
1887:Yiddish
1875:Kvatter
1867:cream.
1850:44:23.
1820:mitzvah
1697:mohelet
1685:mohelet
1680:
1672:
1660:mohalot
1651:Mohalim
1646:Mohalim
1484:Abraham
1331:by the
1283:mitzvot
1230:Abraham
1207:Judaism
1186:
1179:Yiddish
1137:
1013:Zionism
919:Shavuot
837:Kaddish
814:Prayers
747:Menorah
742:Mezuzah
732:Tzitzit
687:Yeshiva
642:Culture
547:Amoraim
542:Tannaim
513:Rebecca
501:Solomon
469:Abraham
348:Kashrut
299:Tosefta
294:Midrash
284:Mishnah
266:Piyutim
247:Ketuvim
242:Nevi'im
182:Messiah
140:Renewal
130:Karaite
95:Hasidic
45:Judaism
8105:Forced
8100:Ethics
7951:Yizkor
7898:Shofar
7888:Kippah
7873:Tallit
7858:Siddur
7844:Gemara
7829:Talmud
7807:Tanakh
7703:Mikvah
7698:Niddah
7663:Yichus
7658:Tzniut
7589:Kollel
7574:Wimpel
7423:
7233:
7204:
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7129:
7119:London
7086:
7021:. For
6958:
6926:
6817:
6777:
6748:
6713:
6663:
6590:, 1988
5504:
5220:
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4894:Russia
4814:
4742:, and
4726:
4616:kareth
4521:
4513:
4478:
4470:
4163:"Home"
4145:
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4002:
3948:9:25;
3930:Isaiah
3906:Joshua
3867:
3836:
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3505:
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2978:milah,
2940:desire
2870:Talmud
2848:, and
2808:, and
2802:beauty
2741:vagina
2604:Mikvah
2577:mikveh
2572:mikveh
2491:Hebrew
2372:herpes
2263:herpes
2240:Hebrew
2184:Talmud
2178:p'riah
2148:Hebrew
2082:Hebrew
2071:. The
2004:Elijah
1969:sandek
1907:segula
1882:kvater
1665:Hebrew
1609:Talmud
1573:kareth
1558:Gilgal
1546:Joshua
1542:Exodus
1514:arelim
1477:Adonai
1363:Joseph
1293:Kareth
1274:Talmud
1272:. The
1171:") or
1130:Hebrew
1018:Israel
914:Pesach
909:Sukkot
857:Hallel
842:Minyan
832:Aleinu
827:Amidah
800:Gartel
795:Kittel
778:Hadass
752:Shofar
737:Kippah
722:Tallit
697:Cheder
692:Kollel
608:Hazzan
561:Geonim
536:Chazal
518:Rachel
432:Sukkah
427:Mikveh
404:Hebron
386:places
363:Niddah
353:Tzniut
289:Talmud
261:Siddur
256:Ḥumash
231:Tanakh
187:Ethics
123:Reform
102:Modern
90:Haredi
62:
56:
8079:Jesus
8074:Islam
7926:Shiva
7913:Death
7812:Torah
7761:Siyum
7756:Shiur
7736:Rites
7070:(1).
7019:humor
6474:8 May
6444:8 May
6409:8 May
6379:8 May
6348:8 May
6318:8 May
6267:(PDF)
6260:(PDF)
6241:8 May
6190:(PDF)
6183:(PDF)
6164:8 May
6113:(PDF)
6106:(PDF)
5693:WebMD
5229:(PDF)
5188:(PDF)
4824:milah
4736:milah
4519:S2CID
4476:S2CID
3964:19:23
3511:S2CID
2986:milah
2921:penis
2917:delta
2878:Milah
2737:semen
2729:Philo
2690:Philo
2467:Islam
2414:mohel
2388:mohel
2384:mohel
2374:from
2249:mohel
2204:Rashi
2200:Mohel
2170:milah
2156:glans
2086:פריעה
2078:priah
2069:glans
2039:priah
2008:David
1984:mohel
1949:Torah
1900:mohel
1848:Psalm
1691:mohel
1550:Egypt
1528:tameh
1367:Jesus
1246:mohel
1197:) is
1048:Jesus
1043:Music
961:Islam
924:Purim
822:Shema
785:Arava
771:Lulav
764:Etrog
628:Kohen
623:Mohel
613:Dayan
603:Posek
598:Rebbe
593:Rabbi
508:Sarah
496:David
491:Aaron
486:Moses
479:Jacob
474:Isaac
399:Safed
271:Zohar
237:Torah
223:Texts
202:Names
7421:ISSN
7231:ISBN
7202:ISBN
7170:ISBN
7127:ISBN
7095:2020
7084:PMID
6956:ISBN
6924:ISBN
6887:2020
6857:2020
6815:ISBN
6775:ISBN
6746:ISBN
6711:ISBN
6661:ISBN
6476:2018
6446:2018
6411:2018
6381:2018
6350:2018
6320:2018
6288:link
6243:2018
6211:link
6166:2018
6134:link
5983:2007
5675:link
5636:link
5538:2015
5502:ISBN
5425:2014
5343:link
5218:PMID
5210:ISSN
4909:and
4812:ISBN
4724:ISBN
4610:The
4511:PMID
4468:PMID
4433:2014
4401:2016
4345:2023
4319:2015
4293:2009
4143:ISBN
4105:ISBN
4000:OCLC
3932:52:1
3908:5:9.
3865:ISBN
3834:ISBN
3802:ISBN
3773:2020
3760:ISBN
3714:ISBN
3676:ISBN
3610:ISBN
3576:link
3572:link
3554:OCLC
3544:ISBN
3503:ISSN
3439:ISBN
3400:ISBN
3370:ISSN
3325:ISBN
3288:ISBN
3256:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3179:ISBN
3138:2020
2998:Jews
2938:and
2818:nude
2754:and
2630:, a
2591:and
2539:and
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2257:and
2102:The
1982:the
1966:the
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1615:for
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1361:and
1359:Mary
1298:soul
1209:and
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1174:bris
1122:The
1008:Jews
654:Brit
644:and
523:Leah
8110:Law
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7413:doi
7076:doi
5200:doi
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4503:doi
4460:doi
3752:doi
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3362:doi
3204:32a
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2674:yud
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1428:in
1268:of
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1223:God
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