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a sabbatical by Steve Capps during 1986. The
Macintosh had no built-in sound input, so the MacRecorder audio digitizer was invented for this purpose in 1985 by Michael Lamoureux, a mathematics student at the University of California, Berkeley. The MacRecorder hardware and software was publicly released through the Berkeley Macintosh Users Group as a kit in late 1985. SoundEdit first shipped in January 1988, as part of a hardware product called MacRecorder Sound System, by a company called
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early Mac shareware and became important stops for vendors promoting new Mac products (including one Steve Jobs when he was trying to get NeXT Computer off the ground). And in that early Mac age, no user group was bigger or more important than the
Berkeley Macintosh Users Group, known to all as BMUG. Founded in 1986 and lasting for 14 contentious years, it at one point reportedly boasted more than 13,000 users, with satellite groups in Boston and Japan.
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SoundEdit was the first popular GUI-based audio editor for digitized audio. It was not only one of the first important audio applications for
Macintosh, but one of the first significant audio applications for personal computers in general. SoundEdit was one of three audio applications created during
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Before the Genius Bar and before Apple's own online forums, when the Mac was young and its users needed help, there were user groups: Part social clubs and part volunteer tech-support staffs, they disseminated tips, troubleshooting advice, news, and arguments about the Mac. They distributed loads of
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This square button, designed to look like a 3½" floppy diskette, has a blue background. At the top, in a yellow rectangle, is a blue image of a clock tower and blue text that reads: 'BMUG Disk / BMUG / 1442A Walnut St. #62 / Berkeley, CA 94709 / (415) 849 9114.' On the reverse is a black card with a
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issues, which was then in its infancy and was one of the
Macintosh's primary markets. Randy Simon also coordinated the production and publications of BMUG's massive biannual newsletters, sometimes totaling more than a thousand pages per year, initially with the assistance of BMUG volunteers Carolyn
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Consumer groups are trying to fill the void. The
Berkeley Macintosh Users Group, BMUG, has 10,000 members, about half in California. Weekly meetings in the Bay Area attract several hundred people. The BMUG booth had an unvarnished hackers' quality that seemed a throwback to Apple's early days. 'We
197:
One of BMUG's principal operations was collaborative
Macintosh repair and maintenance. A benefit of BMUG membership was hardware repair (and often recovery of lost documents from floppy and hard disks). The technical operations were managed by Steve Costa. Electrical engineer Chuck Meyer conducted
241:
BMUG maintained a
Macintosh support call-center, which helped users around the world by answering questions and helping them resolve technical problems with their computers. The support operation was managed by Randy Simon, and staffed by volunteers. While much of the support operation dealt with
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BMUG is offering BCS members access to its
Internet help at both its Berkeley and Boston offices, as well as the biannual 300-page newsletter and help guide, among other services. BCS Interim Executive Director Frank Smith said potentially 7,000 BCS-Mac SIG members will be interested in the BMUG
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BMUG was certainly the largest
Macintosh users group, but the Boston Computer Society was the largest computer users group. BCS-Mac, the Macintosh special interest group of the Boston Computer Society, was the second largest Macintosh users group. A good-humored rivalry obtained between the two
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An excellent, more general guide to
Internet, FidoNet, and much more is The BMUG Guide to Bulletin Boards and Beyond by Bernard Aboba, a BMUG sysop and knowledgeable denizen of the online world. (The second edition will be out in March. It should be available from Quantum Books in Cambridge,
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The most important Macintosh user group in the area, and arguably within the entire user group movement, was BMUG. Started in 1984 by Berkeley students Reese Jones, Raines Cohen, Tom Chavez, and others, BMUG's members went on to found numerous businesses, most notably the networking companies
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was commemorated with a new T-shirt, featuring an inscription "BMUG in Boston" which Bill Woodcock, who designed BMUG's T-shirts, intended to look like graffiti, using a rattle-can to write the original text in black paint on white paper, which was then photographed, scanned, and converted to
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For Mac LC owners to want to take advantage of the machine's capability to hook up to a VGA monitor, the Berkeley Macintosh Users Group (BMUG) is shipping an adapter that lets users do just that. Users can purchase the adapter as a parts kit from BMUG for $ 12 or fully assembled for $
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The newsletter was originally edited by volunteers Carolyn Sagami and Zig Zichterman, until Randy Simon was hired as staff, and given the responsibility. The newsletter was published punctually twice each year, and each issue routinely exceeded 300 pages in length.
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until Farallon outgrew the space and moved five blocks south-east to Dwight Way. After six years, BMUG moved to a larger space with street frontage at 2055 Center Street, a block and a half west of campus and directly across from the downtown Berkeley
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user community. With more than 13,000 members, or "BMUGgers" at its peak in 1993, the group was the largest, and generally understood to be the most important, Macintosh users group. A few of the notable members include
449:. Wiring plans were initially published in the Fall 1985 BMUG Newsletter, but members could purchase adapters assembled by the group. Co-founder Reese Jones branched the production off as the commercial business
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node, and from 1986 through 1993, the home of the FidoNet MacNetAdmin "echo," which spawned the AppleTalk Network Managers Association (which in turn begat the AppleTalk Networking Forum), the inaptly-named
708:
and multi-line serial controller, which was able to keep up with the heavy call volume by answering, presenting an ASCII banner explaining the situation, and immediately disconnecting. Aboba also authored
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PostScript in Adobe illustrator, before being silkscreened in red on black shirts. The red-on-black effect, however, was said by startled BCS-Mac members to more resemble dripping blood than spray-paint.
103:. An example of the group's omnipresent blue-floppy-disk lapel pin is held in the Smithsonian Institution's American History collection. BMUG's history and activities were closely linked with the
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Day-to-day management of the organization was balanced between the senior full-time staff: business manager Harry Critchfield, technical manager Steve Costa, and support manager Randy Simon.
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BMUG hosted an enthusiastic weekly Thursday night meeting with questions and answers, and software demonstrations by vendors, followed at the end by a raffle. Notable speakers included:
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While BMUG the not-for-profit corporation declared bankruptcy in 2000, its members continue to collaborate and meet. Branch groups of the organisation have continued on their own:
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The BMUG T-shirt, created by Bill Woodcock, became a staple of Berkeley Macintosh Users Group booth sales through the 1980s. Each was individually hand tie-died by Berkeley's
756:
By 1995, BMUG had accumulated a debt of $ 250,000, which forced a two-year period of restructuring and the layoff of some of the staff, but which was weathered successfully.
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Farallon and Netopia; develop software and hardware for the Macintosh; write for Macintosh industry magazines; and serve as some of the machine's staunchest advocates.
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and volunteers two to three hours a day. Dealing with Apple is hard, he says. 'We don't buy thousands of machines every year, and we don't make millions of dollars.'
884:
380:. BMUG's shareware disk duplication and distribution program was run by Art Lau and Gerald Raddatz, supplemented by the efforts of many of the other volunteers.
1986:
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BMUG was famous for lively meetings, "We are in the business of giving away information" motto, "BMUG Awards", its great MacWorld Expo get-togethers, CD and
457:. The group invented other subsequent low-cost hardware kits as well... the 1991 introduction of the low-cost Mac LC prompted BMUG to begin offering a $ 12
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relational databases, graphics, video, music, the Internet, programming and mathematics. Branch groups held general meetings in outlying areas, including
1981:
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many of the trickier repairs. Herb Dang was a fixture in BMUG's technical services, and his son Frank continued that tradition into a second generation.
1976:
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groups throughout their mutual existence, but they were ultimately supportive of each other. BMUG's first foray onto BCS-Mac's Boston home turf, at
657:, and numerous other real-world periodic meet-ups. The BMUG BBS also served as a nexus for the interoperability testing of email gateways between
19:
576:(SIGs) on Basic Mac, Troubleshooting, ClarisWorks (integrated word processing, drawing, painting, spreadsheet, database and telecommunications),
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BMUG business manager Harry Critchfield and volunteer Herb Dang, staffing the BMUG booth at MacWorld Expo San Francisco in January 1989.
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BMUG's finances and business operations were managed by Harry Critchfield and Alisa Schulman, better known for her role as a DJ at
1971:
158:. In 1995 Anne Wrixon replaced Harry Critchfield, and in 1997, Wrixon was replaced by Hal Gibson, who remained until the end.
465:, the first audio input device for the Macintosh, was also first released in 1985 as a BMUG kit, before being productized by
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provide technical support to end users that Apple doesn't provide any more,' said Bill Woodcock, a volunteer, who works at
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assisting users whose computers had crashed, a significant portion of it dealt with the specific "vertical market" of
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1431:. With MacRecorder Sound System, stack makers could finally create alternatives to HyperCard's two built-in sounds.
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BMUG, the Berkeley Macintosh Users Group, is the world's largest advocacy group for Macintosh computer users.
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279:," a 1989 encyclopedia of Macintosh software, for which plates were produced directly from a
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BMUG volunteer Art Lau working the BMUG booth at MacWorld Expo San Francisco, January 1989.
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870:) and have kept it running as PlanetMUG, in conjunction with The BostonBBS (formerly the
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system which used standard telephone wires to connect Macintosh computers together in a
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525:
505:. These meetings are often cited by tech notables as their introduction to technology.
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students including Reese Jones and Raines Cohen as a focal-point for the nascent Apple
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1715:"Mayoral candidate Bernt Wahl hopes to bring technological solutions to Berkeley"
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Quinlan, Tom (8 April 1991). "Kit and Connector open LC to VGA". Macintosh News.
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BMUG Programmers Special Interest Group chair Greg Dow, at a BMUG party in the
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BMUG volunteer Gerald Raddatz at MacWorld Expo San Francisco, January 23, 1989.
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Electrical engineer and BMUG volunteer Chuck Meyer, 1989. Shown here wearing a
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BMUG members Steve Francine and Chuck Farnham (author of the first commercial
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BMUG was initially located in suite 3B, 2150 Kittredge Street, in downtown
255:, and later Hans Hansen. A collaboration between BMUG members, Programming
23:
Original BMUG members Stephen Howard and Raines Cohen on the show floor of
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143:
BMUG staffer Alisa Shulman surveys disk order forms in the BMUG booth at
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Hanss, Ted (14 July 1986). "The University of Michigan Computing News".
311:
The BMUG T-shirt, for sale in the Berkeley Macintosh Users Group booth,
1424:
768:
674:
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171:
1776:"Mac User Groups Fade in Number and Influence, but Devotees Press On"
722:
315:
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BMUG technical manager Steve Costa shakes hands with BMUG member and
112:
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editor and BMUG volunteer David Morgenstern, at a BMUG party in the
704:, Aboba set up a temporary stand-in using a solid-state industrial
429:
plants, while the Apple transceiver used a short-range proprietary
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or "BBS" was managed by Bernard Aboba (then in graduate school at
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BMUG member and volunteer Alex Rosenberg, at a BMUG party in the
1869:"Planet Mug – Come for the tech support, stay for the Community"
1087:
662:
651:
155:
1950:, documenting the contemporaneous and similar community around
1845:"The Silicon Valley Macintosh User Group - General Information"
1932:, the south-bay outgrowth of BMUG, which continues to this day
1924:, the global online community that's grown out of the BMUG BBS
964:
Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley
697:
1868:
905:"Strategic News Service - Future in Review 2008 Participants"
613:
BMUG BBS administrator Bernard Aboba, at a BMUG party in the
1892:
1919:
1052:"Advertising Button, Berkeley Macintosh Users Group (BMUG)"
75:, notorious murderer Enrique Zambrano, early hacker-chaser
700:. When the BBS host system in Berkeley was damaged by the
1844:
1371:"Recalling the Loma Prieta earthquake and Mac advantages"
945:
Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet
210:
BMUG support manager Randy Simon, at a BMUG party in the
1190:"The Mac at 30: Tales from the Berkeley Mac Users Group"
866:
Members purchased the group's online presence (the BMUG
299:
artisans, before being screen-printed Apple-traditional
1927:
1427:). One of the major drivers for SoundEdit was Apple's
806:
BMUG volunteers Robert Lettieri and David Schwartz at
1607:. Chicago: Glenlake Publishing Company. p. 409.
405:
transceivers. Both connected computing devices (like
1686:"$ 150,000 Debt Could Kill Berkeley Mac Users Group"
1313:"Mac Heads Respond to Article About Buying an Apple"
1008:"Death row inmate's fate turns on the word 'hacker'"
1605:
The International Dictionary of Data Communications
1444:"The Tech Class of 2011: Meet the Emerging Leaders"
1256:"Business Suits, Briefcases Invade Macintosh Mecca"
863:
the South Bay group continues as Silicon Valley MUG
368:BMUG's primary revenue-generating activity was the
326:, directly adjoining the southwest corner of the
58:. It was founded in September 1984 by a group of
1563:. Berkeley, California: BMUG, Inc. p. 541.
16:Largest Macintosh users' group, active 1984-2000
1659:"World's Largest Mac User Group: We'll Survive"
930:"2005 SF Mac Expo (Photo story) - Brian Thomas"
885:Category:Berkeley Macintosh Users Group members
87:, and may prominent computing journalists like
860:the San Francisco branch continues as BMUGWest
437:One of the early successes for the group was
8:
1561:The BMUG Guide to Bulletin Boards and Beyond
711:The BMUG Guide to Bulletin Boards and Beyond
260:
251:Sagami, Zig Zichterman, Robert Lettieri and
376:software from its comprehensive library on
1821:"Tales from the Berkeley Mac Users Group"
692:, those from Information Electronics and
283:database without intervening processing.
1229:Dow, Gregory H.; Woodcock, Bill (1989).
738:Rivalry with the Boston Computer Society
713:. The BBS eventually ran on hardware in
958:Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim (14 July 2000).
896:
421:. The Farallon transceiver did so over
1352:
1341:
1188:Breen, Christopher (30 January 2014).
745:MacWorld Expo on August 11–13 of 1987
318:1988, Raines Cohen in the foreground.
267:) and networking and prepress expert
7:
1987:2000 disestablishments in California
1929:Silicon Valley Macintosh Users Group
1006:McCullagh, Declan (10 August 2007).
275:) resulted in the first example of "
1631:Hamblen, Matt (23 September 1996).
1513:Anbinder, Mark (14 November 1994).
1216:"Producing a User Group Newsletter"
1056:National Museum of American History
1774:Benner, Katie (8 September 2015).
1030:"Dvorak's Inside Track to the Mac"
330:campus. This building also housed
181:1989. Herb Dang in the background.
30:, in January 1990. Raines holds a
14:
1982:1984 establishments in California
1490:Engst, Adam (16 September 1991).
1311:Hill, Michael (22 January 1996).
1254:Rowe, Jonathan (25 August 1989).
501:sold to members and customers on
1759:Laporte, Leo (26 January 2009).
1736:clnet Staff (1 September 2009).
1713:Abbott, Katy (3 November 2016).
1584:Branscum, Deborah (April 1993).
107:meetings, traditionally held in
1977:Culture of Berkeley, California
1684:Abate, Tom (November 4, 1997).
1285:Potts, Mark (25 October 1993).
960:"User Groups and the Macintosh"
378:400k and 800k 3.5" floppy disks
226:BMUG volunteers Phil Reese and
1802:"In praise of Mac User Groups"
1536:Anbinder, Mark (6 July 1992).
1471:Leonard, Peter (21 May 2016).
1115:"User Group Stands by Its Mac"
1032:. Centre for Computing History
669:, and a number of proprietary
453:in 1986, renaming the product
48:Berkeley Macintosh Users Group
1:
1800:Cohen, Peter (26 June 2015).
1287:"Sharing Shareware's Secrets"
1113:Richtel, Matt (30 May 1998).
1586:"Swap Tips around the World"
69:John "Captain Crunch" Draper
34:prototype loaned to BMUG by
1893:"Welcome to Virtual Harbor"
1473:"The first BMUG newsletter"
1258:. Christian Science Monitor
1139:Hu, Jim (7 November 1997).
787:BMUG volunteers Herb Dang,
702:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
2003:
696:, which went on to become
694:AppleLink Personal Edition
497:collections for Macintosh
372:distribution of Macintosh
348:Shareware disk duplication
1738:"BMUG: the end of an era"
1633:"Help pouring in for BCS"
1515:"TCP/IP FirstClass Ships"
1423:(which eventually became
1058:. Smithsonian Institution
947:. Routledge. p. 190.
825:Circle Gallery building,
775:Circle Gallery building,
641:) with the assistance of
617:Circle Gallery building,
564:Circle Gallery building,
493:, and one of the largest
214:Circle Gallery building,
1937:Bellarine Mac User Group
1538:"A New Direction for IE"
1946:LaserWriter II: A Novel
1717:. The Daily Californian
1691:San Francisco Chronicle
1559:Aboba, Bernard (1992).
1141:"BMUG plans a comeback"
966:. Stanford University.
943:Nakamura, Lisa (2002).
872:Boston Computer Society
791:, and Jennifer Hom, at
752:1995-1997 Budget Crisis
686:CE Software's QuickMail
574:Special Interest Groups
552:Special Interest Groups
441:, a variant of Apple's
71:, the Sultan of Brunei
1972:Apple Inc. user groups
1603:Saigh, Robert (1998).
1477:The Goggles Do Nothing
1351:Cite journal requires
1232:BMUG Disk Catalog 1989
1163:"Frank Dang Biography"
853:
830:
814:
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499:Public domain software
485:, 400+ page biannual "
434:
365:
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151:
136:
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40:Loma Prieta earthquake
1235:. Berkeley: BMUG, Inc
836:
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786:
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627:Bulletin board system
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605:Bulletin Board System
559:
391:
363:
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310:
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273:Packet Clearing House
225:
209:
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169:
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22:
1956:Macintosh User Group
1819:Breen, Christopher.
1492:"CE Ships QuickMail"
56:Macintosh User Group
50:, or more commonly "
684:systems, including
596:Biannual Newsletter
491:Whole Earth Catalog
459:VGA monitor adapter
419:local area networks
417:ports to LocalTalk
277:database publishing
54:", was the largest
1421:Farallon Computing
1271:Farallon Computing
986:USA Death Row 2019
982:"Enrique Zambrano"
854:
831:
823:Frank Lloyd Wright
815:
800:
781:
773:Frank Lloyd Wright
645:. It was an early
637:, subsequently at
623:
615:Frank Lloyd Wright
570:
562:Frank Lloyd Wright
542:Melinda Ann French
451:Farallon Computing
447:local area network
435:
427:structured cabling
366:
358:
332:Farallon Computing
320:
305:
301:Garamond Condensed
244:desktop publishing
239:
220:
212:Frank Lloyd Wright
195:
193:pin on his collar.
183:
174:editor Gil Davis.
152:
137:
44:
42:disaster recovery.
32:Macintosh Portable
1897:www.bostonbbs.org
1873:www.planetmug.org
1665:. 5 November 1997
1081:Schulman, Alisa.
679:Internet Protocol
534:Jean-Louis Gassée
415:Apple Desktop Bus
111:each January and
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907:. Archived from
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384:BMUGnet/PhoneNET
297:Telegraph Avenue
73:Hassanal Bolkiah
2002:
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1635:. ComputerWorld
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1591:Massachusetts.)
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1407:"SoundEdit"
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733:Controversy
655:Users Group
635:UC Berkeley
487:newsletters
463:MacRecorder
431:daisy chain
411:LaserWriter
407:Macintoshes
328:UC Berkeley
303:black text.
97:Leo Laporte
89:John Dvorak
85:Eric Brewer
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60:UC Berkeley
1966:Categories
1902:2022-06-16
1878:2022-06-16
1854:2022-06-16
1830:2023-03-28
1192:. MacWorld
1169:. Educause
1083:"Set List"
1069:metal pin.
915:2009-01-05
891:References
789:Bernt Wahl
760:Conclusion
690:FirstClass
546:Bill Gates
518:Ted Nelson
510:Steve Jobs
471:Macromedia
370:sneakernet
339:station.
101:Adam Engst
36:Steve Jobs
1921:PlanetMUG
1540:. TidBITS
1517:. TidBITS
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495:shareware
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374:shareware
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162:Technical
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1952:Tekserve
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1315:. SFGate
1167:Educause
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467:Farallon
455:PhoneNet
396:PhoneNET
393:Farallon
343:Projects
324:Berkeley
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263:(now at
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248:prepress
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769:MacWEEK
675:NetWare
659:FidoNet
647:FidoNet
625:BMUG's
439:BMUGNet
287:Offices
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172:MacUser
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