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336:, a Philadelphia Quaker who they had met in 1873, for advice and she introduced the Palmers to the painters in Paris and to the latest artistic trends in the French capital. Most Midwestern collectors were still collecting works by the Barbizon School in the 1870s and 1880s, but thanks to the Palmers, this would soon change. In the years leading up to the Columbian Exposition, they became clients of the Parisian dealer
369:'s work, which he had loaned her for the fair. The frankness of his nudes had caused a stir at the fair and after resisting for a number of months, works by Rodin entered the collection as well and these were among the first acquired by American collectors. Bertha Palmer enjoyed her role as a cultural leader and tastemaker. In 1905, Hallowell finally convinced Mrs. Palmer to sit for Rodin.
317:(1860–1920), who was commissioned by the Board of Lady Managers from the fair. Relative to Ms. Palmer's Inclusivity: (CNN: 2021) "That year (World Fair), for the very first time, a group of White women managed to obtain the space and funds for a "Women's Building" to showcase American women's achievements from the past century.
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Soon after their marriage, the
Chicago Fire wiped out the Palmer House and most of their holdings, and Bertha Palmer had to rush off to wire the east so that Palmer could re-establish credit, borrow money and rebuild his holdings. Bertha Palmer was unusually poised for one so young, and together, the
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She proved herself to be an astute businesswoman: within sixteen years after her husband's death, she managed to double the value of the estate he had left her. After her death, a large parcel of her land was donated (donated according to
Sarasota County, sold according to the state) by her sons to
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She became a progressive rancher, land developer, and farm developer who introduced many innovations to encourage the
Florida ranching, citrus, dairy, and farming industries. Palmer was one of the first famous people to winter in Florida, beginning a now-common practice. She encouraged wealthy
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so fabulous were her jewels that a newspaper declared that when she appeared on the S.S. Kaiser
Wilhelm der Grosse with a tiara of diamonds as large as lima beans, a corsage panned with diamonds, a sunburst as big as a baseball, a stomacher of diamonds and all the pearls around her neck, Alois
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and designer to supervise the interior decoration. However, when Hayden wouldn't take Palmer's advice to accept rich women's donations of architectural odds and ends to decorate the exterior, fearing a horrible visual impact as a result, Palmer fired Hayden and hired the much more malleable
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and began to collect French
Impressionist works. Because Hallowell was curating a loan exhibition of the latest French art for the exposition, the Palmers accelerated their collecting because the curator wanted the latest and greatest in French art for the fair. Palmer's collection of
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to do the two murals and after their initial rejection of the contracts, the women only had a number of months to complete the murals and have them shipped to
Chicago. Led by Palmer, who approached Congress on the matter, the board also requested that the mint produce a new
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In
Chicago, he learned to please his customers, many of whom were women. He made customer service a priority and carried everything from dry goods to the latest French fashions for ladies. Palmer sold his vast store to a consortium, and it would eventually become
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in
Chicago, starting with $ 100,000 and rising over $ 1 million. Potter Palmer dictated in his will that a sum of money should go to whoever next married Bertha. When asked why he would be so generous to his own replacement, he replied, "Because he'll need it."
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296:(1825–1905). However, the time to paint the two huge murals (12' x 54') was short and the artist did not feel that she had the energy to complete the project. Hallowell then recommended the young academic painter
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Palmers re-established their fortune. Despite her age, she quickly rose to the top of
Chicago society. "She was beautiful, dashing, quick, and smart; and more than that, she was sure of herself," wrote historian
490:. The major roads through her property, as well as some connecting to the existing communities, were named by her. Those names remain unchanged as Honoré, Lockwood Ridge, Tuttle, Webber, and Macintosh.
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Her grandson Potter D'Orsay Palmer (1908–39) became a notorious playboy who married four times and died after a brawl in
Sarasota. His and Bertha's legacy are recounted in Frank A Cassell's book
462:—about one-third of the land in what was then the massive county named Manatee. In 1914, she bought 19,000 acres (77 km) of land as an exclusive hunting preserve called "River Hills" in
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She also maintained homes in London and Paris and, following her husband's death in 1902, rumors abounded that she would marry a titled man. Among the suspected suitors were the earl of
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Bertha Palmer was famous for her free-spending ways. Her husband indulged her and did not mind that she was in the limelight. Her jewelry was legendary. According to the author
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In 1874, she gave birth to son Honoré, and in 1875, she gave birth to son Potter Palmer II. Both sons went on to have sons named Potter Palmer III, as well as other children.
161:. Known within the family as "Cissie", she studied in her home town and achieved a reputation as a musician, linguist, writer, politician, and administrator. Her sister,
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288:. Apparently, it was Palmer who chose the theme of "Primitive Woman" and "Modern Woman" for the two murals and Hallowell and Palmer's first choice for both murals was
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until the city made them part of the school system, and campaigned for inexpensive milk for impoverished children and better care for children of imprisoned mothers.
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when she directed that her kitchen staff come up with a confection smaller than a piece of cake for women attending the Columbian Exposition.
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466:, Florida. After her death, her sons inherited the land and eventually sold it to developers who created the Mediterranean Revival
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and her other Florida land interests and promoted the development of many land parcels; today much of that land is still known as
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At the time of the fair, the Palmers had been enthusiastic art collectors for a number of years. They depended on the curator
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Bertha Palmer became interested in the winter climate of Florida and in 1910 bought over 80,000 acres of land in and around
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Burgskeller of the Metropolitan Opera, who was singing at the ship's concert, was stopped right in the middle of a high note.
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in 1893, a celebration of the discovery of the New World by Columbus. It also marked the city's recovery from the
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Letters in the Musee Rodin, Paris between Sarah Tyson Hallowell and Rodin, also between Bertha Palmer and Rodin
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In September 1907, Bertha Palmer and her son Potter II took part in the maiden voyage of the new Cunard liner
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She traveled throughout Europe, dining with kings and queens and mixing with industrialists and statesmen.
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essay for general background and influence. She introduced French Impressionism to Chicago in 1890.
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of 1871. Women had a large presence in the fair and the plum position was the President of the
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For an extensive account of Hallowell's relationship with the Palmers, see Kirsten M. Jensen,
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Her Sex Was an Insuperable Objection: Sara Tyson Hallowell and the Art Institute of Chicago
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Her Sex Was an Insuperable Objection: Sara Tyson Hallowell and the Art Institute of Chicago
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friends and associates in her international social circles to spend winters along
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Yes, we know that others were there first, but they were celebrating Columbus.
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141:; May 22, 1849 – May 5, 1918) was an American businesswoman, socialite, and
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World's Columbian Exposition, Board of Lady Managers, Addresses and Reports
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Bertha Honoré Palmer at Chicago History Museum Digital Collections
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Palmer died on May 5, 1918, at her winter residence, The Oaks, in
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collection. Hallowell also tried to get the Palmers interested in
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merchant who had come to Chicago after failing twice in business.
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292:(1837–1922), an experienced academic painter and the paramour of
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She was an early member of the Chicago Woman's Club, part of the
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series, painted 1890–91. These works now form the core of the
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to supervise the interior decoration. The Chicago art curator
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According to at least one legend, Palmer helped invent the
860:, MA Thesis, Southern Connecticut State University, 2000
698:, MA Thesis, Southern Connecticut State University, 2000
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Love Under Fire: The Story of Bertha and Potter Palmer
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Silhouette of Diamonds: The Life of Mrs. Potter Palmer
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Silhouette in Diamonds: The Life of Mrs. Potter Palmer
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Silhouette in Diamonds: the life of Mrs. Potter Palmer
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Love Under Fire: The Story of Bertha and Potter Palmer
517:. Her body was returned to Chicago to lie in state at
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for the Exposition, and their efforts resulted in the
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Eve's Daughter, Modern Woman: A Mural by Mary Cassatt
867:, Master's Thesis, University of South Florida, 2007
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Eve's Daughter/Modern Woman: A Mural by Mary Cassatt
682:"The Palmer House Brownie - The Palmer House Hilton"
525:. Bertha Palmer is buried alongside her husband in
345:paintings was unrivaled, soon they had twenty-nine
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569:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 28–31.
209:in 1870. She was 21 and he was 44. Palmer was a
934:Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School alumni
756:Bertha Honore Palmer's Philanthropy in the Arts
827:Fifty Feet in Paradise: The Booming of Florida
667:has an extensive play by play in the chapter
537:On March 24, 2013, the half-hour documentary
251:Chicago World's Fair and The Women's Building
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106:Businesswoman, socialite, and philanthropist
590:Mounted on a Pedestal: Bertha Honoré Palmer
865:Mounted on a Pedestal:Bertha Honoré Palmer
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944:Businesspeople from Louisville, Kentucky
175:Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School
954:Burials at Graceland Cemetery (Chicago)
714:Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies
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373:Luxurious mansions and lavish spending
169:, eldest son of general and president
221:. Palmer then opened a luxury hotel,
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964:20th-century American businesspeople
959:19th-century American businesspeople
836:, University of Illinois Press, 2004
353:, nine of the Monets were from the
241:General Federation of Women's Clubs
829:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984.
754:For this section, also see Hobbs,
27:American art collector (1849–1918)
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817:Book, thesis and essay references
653:The Indefatigable Sarah Hallowell
153:Born as Bertha Matilde Honoré in
851:The Indefatigable Miss Hallowell
710:"Monet's Haystacks Reconsidered"
899:in Sarasota County Biographies
588:For background biography, see
381:Palmer spent vast sums on the
300:and the Impressionist painter
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708:Brettell, Richard R. (1984).
157:, her father was businessman
669:World's Columbian Exposition
405:Vast sums were spent on the
257:World's Columbian Exposition
939:Businesspeople from Chicago
781:http://www.berthapalmer.com
450:Florida real estate pioneer
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853:, Biographical Essay, 2010
294:William-Adolphe Bouguereau
298:Mary Fairchild MacMonnies
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651:See Jeffrey Morseburg's
359:Art Institute of Chicago
255:Chicago was site of the
173:. She was a graduate of
949:American art collectors
611:"Backwater to Boomtown"
496:Myakka River State Park
579:Now the Palmer Hilton.
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290:Elizabeth Jane Gardner
265:Board of Lady Managers
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910:2013 documentary film
565:Ross, Ishbel (1960).
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282:Sarah Tyson Hallowell
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159:Henry Hamilton Honoré
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167:Frederick Dent Grant
155:Louisville, Kentucky
67:Louisville, Kentucky
18:Bertha Honore Palmer
903:Biographical Sketch
856:Kirsten M. Jensen,
849:Jeffrey Morseburg,
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63:May 22, 1849
929:1918 deaths
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823:David Nolan
720:(1): 5–21.
598:Ishbel Ross
349:and eleven
315:Anders Zorn
195:Anders Zorn
918:Categories
553:References
545:affiliate
523:Gold Coast
519:the Castle
149:Early life
59:1849-05-22
734:0069-3235
541:aired on
440:Liverpool
355:Haystacks
98:, Chicago
888:Archived
784:Archived
456:Sarasota
444:New York
181:Marriage
122:Children
805:4 March
742:4115885
494:become
476:Florida
460:Florida
415:Munster
351:Renoirs
203:Chicago
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427:Serbia
423:Monaco
419:Atholl
347:Monets
286:murals
211:Quaker
197:, 1893
125:2 sons
111:Spouse
874:,1984
738:JSTOR
509:Death
438:from
807:2016
730:ISSN
74:Died
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