248:
37:
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criteria for chronic beryllium disease. In one study of nuclear workers, among those who were sensitized to beryllium, 66% were found to have chronic beryllium disease as well. The rate of progression from beryllium sensitization to chronic beryllium disease has been estimated to be approximately 6–8% per year. Stopping exposure to beryllium in those sensitized has not been definitively shown to stop the progression to chronic beryllium disease.
4261:
350:. Relevant occupations are those where beryllium is mined, processed or converted into metal alloys, or where machining of metals containing beryllium and recycling of scrap alloys occurs. It is associated with aerospace manufacturing, microwave semiconductor electronics, beryllium mining or manufacturing of fluorescent light bulbs (which once contained beryllium compounds in their internal phosphor coating).
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with elevated number of cells are considered abnormal. Those exposed persons with two abnormal BeLPT tested with peripheral blood, or one abnormal and one borderline result, are considered beryllium sensitized. Also, those with one abnormal BeLPT tested with fluid from a bronchial alveolar lavage are considered sensitized.
1002:
Balmes, John R.; Abraham, Jerrold L.; Dweik, Raed A.; Fireman, Elizabeth; Fontenot, Andrew P.; Maier, Lisa A.; Muller-Quernheim, Joachim; Ostiguy, Gaston; Pepper, Lewis D. (2014). "An
Official American Thoracic Society Statement: Diagnosis and Management of Beryllium Sensitivity and Chronic Beryllium
428:
The general population is unlikely to develop acute or chronic beryllium disease because ambient air levels of beryllium are normally very low (<0.03 ng/m). However, a study found 1% of people living within 3/4 of a mile of a beryllium plant in Lorain, Ohio, had berylliosis after exposure to
325:
The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) is the standard way of determining sensitivity to beryllium. The test is performed by acquiring either peripheral blood or fluid from a bronchial alveolar lavage, and lymphocytes are cultured with beryllium sulfate. Cells are then counted and those
421:
The rate of workers becoming sensitized to beryllium varies based on genetics and exposure levels. In one study researchers found the prevalence of beryllium sensitization to range from 9–19% depending on the industry. Many workers who are found to be sensitive to beryllium also meet the diagnostic
375:
On 29 January 2009, the Los Alamos
National Laboratory announced it was notifying nearly 2,000 current and former employees and visitors that they may have been exposed to beryllium in the lab and may be at risk of disease. Concern over possible exposure to the material was first raised in November
337:
have been reported. Findings on CT are also not specific to berylliosis. Findings that are common in CT scans of people with berylliosis include parenchymal nodules in early stages. One study found that ground-glass opacities were more commonly seen on CT scan in berylliosis than in sarcoidosis. In
437:
Since the 1920s, beryllium has been used in electronics, ceramics, research and development labs, aircraft, and the atomic energy and defense industry. Cases of bronchitis and pneumonia-like symptoms were reported in
Germany and Russia in the 1930s among workers mining and refining beryllium. By
429:
concentrations estimated to be less than 1 milligram per cubic metre of air. In the United States the
Beryllium Case Registry contained 900 records, early cases relating to extraction and fluorescent lamp manufacture, later ones coming from the aerospace, ceramics and metallurgical industries.
109:. Of note, the authors of a 2006 study suggested that beryllium inhalation was not the only form of exposure and perhaps skin exposure was also a cause, as they found that a reduction in beryllium inhalation did not result in a reduction in chronic beryllium disease or beryllium sensitization.
367:
Because it can be difficult to control industrial exposures to beryllium, it is advisable to use any methods possible to reduce airborne and surface contamination by beryllium, to minimize the use of beryllium and beryllium-containing alloys whenever possible, and to educate people about the
321:
The radiologic and pathologic features of berylliosis are very similar to sarcoidosis. Due to the strong clinical and histopathological resemblance of sarcoidosis and berylliosis, patients are sometimes misdiagnosed with sarcoidosis until the history of exposure to beryllium is elicited and
438:
1946, a cluster of cases associated with fluorescent lamp manufacturers were apparent in the United States, and the lamp industry stopped using beryllium in 1949. At that time, most construction trades and industries were unaware of the potential risks associated with beryllium exposure.
104:
With single or prolonged exposure by inhalation the lungs may become sensitized to beryllium. Berylliosis has a slow onset and progression. Some people who are sensitized to beryllium may not have symptoms. Continued exposure causes the development of small inflammatory nodules, called
456:
began screening employees using the BeLPT test in facilities where beryllium was used, to take preventive measures against beryllium exposure. Somewhat alarmingly, clerical staff who were never involved in handling the material had developed asymptomatic sensitivities.
417:
The number of workers in the United States exposed to beryllium vary but has been estimated to be as high as 800,000 during the 1960s and 1970s. A more recent study from 2004 estimated the number of exposed workers in the United States to be around 134,000.
219:
allele found that CD4 T-cells do not detect the Be+ cation itself, but instead detect surface changes in the HLA-DP2/peptide complex in which Be+ is embedded. Those researchers concluded that chronic beryllium disease is a predisposition that lies between
354:
was used in lamp manufacture because of ceramic's obvious virtues for insulation and heat resistance, and also because beryllia could be made transparent. Certain welding anodes along with other electrical contacts and even non-sparking tools are made of
2191:
2176:
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448:
Beryllium sensitivity testing was first performed as a cutaneous beryllium patch test in the early 1950s, but was discontinued due to the test stimulating sensitization or aggravating existing chronic beryllium disease.
1909:
Henneberger, P. K.; Cumro, D.; Deubner, D. D.; Kent, M. S.; McCawley, M.; Kreiss, K. (2001-04-01). "Beryllium sensitization and disease among long-term and short-term workers in a beryllium ceramics plant".
3553:
683:
Freiman, D. G.; Hardy, H. L. (1970-03-01). "Beryllium disease. The relation of pulmonary pathology to clinical course and prognosis based on a study of 130 cases from the U.S. beryllium case registry".
921:
Individuals carrying the MHCII allele, HLA-DP2, are at risk for chronic beryllium disease (CBD), a debilitating inflammatory lung condition caused by the reaction of CD4 T cells to inhaled beryllium.
196:
by macrophages, the beryllium triggers macrophage apoptosis, thereby reducing beryllium clearance from the lungs and eventually resulting in secondary necrosis and lysis. Eventually, the outcome is
387:
Although the evidence that stopping exposure to beryllium decreases progression of the disease is limited, it is still considered to be an accepted approach to treatment in any stage of disease.
180:
In susceptible persons, beryllium exposure can lead to a cell-mediated immune response. The T-cells become sensitized to beryllium. Each subsequent exposure leads to an immune response involving
2717:
329:
Chest radiography findings of berylliosis are non-specific. Early in the disease radiography findings are usually normal. In later stages interstitial fibrosis, pleural irregularities, hilar
838:
Rosenman KD, Rossman M, Hertzberg V, Reilly MJ, Rice C, Kanterakis E, Monos D (2011). "HLA class II DPB1 and DRB1 polymorphisms associated with genetic susceptibility to beryllium toxicity".
390:
People with early stages of disease, without lung function abnormalities or clinical symptoms, are periodically monitored with physical exams, pulmonary function testing and radiography.
3431:
601:
Kreider, ME; Rossman, MD (2015). "Chapter 87: Chronic beryllium disease and hard-metal lung diseases". In Grippi, MA; Elias, JA; Fishman, JA; Kotloff, RM; Pack, AI; Senior, RM (eds.).
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preparation equipment to prevent accumulation of dry particles. Sectioning, grinding, and polishing must be performed under sufficiently vented hoods equipped with special filters.
4281:
3889:
2018:
1427:
Batich, Ray and James M. Marder. (1985) Beryllium In (Ed. 9), Metals
Handbook: Metallography and Microstructures (pp. 389–391). Metals Park, Ohio: American Society for Metals.
626:
Falta, Michael T.; Pinilla, Clemencia; Mack, Douglas G.; Tinega, Alex N.; Crawford, Frances; Giulianotti, Marc; Santos, Radleigh; Clayton, Gina M.; Wang, Yuxiao (2013-07-01).
1163:
Aronchick, J. M.; Rossman, M. D.; Miller, W. T. (1987-06-01). "Chronic beryllium disease: diagnosis, radiographic findings, and correlation with pulmonary function tests".
727:
Sawyer, Richard T.; Maier, Lisa A.; Kittle, Lori A.; Newman, Lee S. (February 2002). "Chronic beryllium disease: a model interaction between innate and acquired immunity".
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933:
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172:
The onset of symptoms can range from weeks up to tens of years from the initial exposure. In some individuals, a single exposure to beryllium can cause berylliosis.
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The overall prevalence of chronic beryllium disease among workers exposed to beryllium has ranged from 1–5% depending on industry and time period of study.
203:
Several studies have shown that there is a genetic component to beryllium sensitivity. Specifically, those beryllium-exposed workers with a mutation at the
232:
322:
beryllium hypersensitivity demonstrated with specific testing. Some studies suggest that up to 6% of all cases of sarcoidosis are actually berylliosis.
1823:
Kreiss, K.; Mroz, M. M.; Zhen, B.; Martyny, J. W.; Newman, L. S. (1993-10-01). "Epidemiology of beryllium sensitization and disease in nuclear workers".
1866:
Newman, Lee S.; Mroz, Margaret M.; Balkissoon, Ronald; Maier, Lisa A. (2005-01-01). "Beryllium
Sensitization Progresses to Chronic Beryllium Disease".
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1980:
1360:
1065:
Cheva, Angeliki; Kilmpasani, Maria; Stathakis, Eustathios; Dimitriadis, Ioannis; Mpikos, Vasileios; Papaemmanouil, Styliani (November 2016).
610:
1969:
National
Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Beryllium Alloy Exposures, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Toxicology (2007).
4221:
881:
Clayton GM, Wang Y, Crawford F, Novikov A, Wimberly BT, Kieft JS, Falta MT, Bowerman NA, Marrack P, Fontenot AP, Dai S, Kappler JW (2014).
302:
Diagnosis of berylliosis is based on history of beryllium exposures, documented beryllium sensitivity, and granulomatous inflammation on
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4171:
3186:
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accumulating in the lungs. As this response continues macrophages, CD4+ T-lymphocytes and plasma cells aggregate together to form the
1705:"Industries in the United States with Airborne Beryllium Exposure and Estimates of the Number of Current Workers Potentially Exposed"
207:
Glu position have increased prevalence of beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. The HLA-DPB1 gene is important for
4094:
4084:
3839:
3383:
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2663:
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2353:
2022:
2004:
306:. Given the invasive nature of a lung biopsy, diagnosis can also be based on clinical history consistent with berylliosis, abnormal
279:
236:
4519:
3127:
1262:
since 1949 GE lamps used relatively inert phosphates found to be safe in ordinary handling of either the intact or broken lamp.
550:
Day, GA; Stefaniak, AB; Weston, A; Tinkle, SS (February 2006). "Beryllium exposure: dermal and immunological considerations".
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Once clinical symptoms or significant abnormalities in pulmonary function testing appear, treatments include oxygen and oral
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291:
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247:
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There is no cure for berylliosis; the goals of treatment are to reduce symptoms and slow the progression of disease.
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CDC – Research on
Beryllium Sensitization and Chronic Beryllium Disease – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
90:
86:
2967:
2273:
1668:
Cullen, Mark; Cherniack, Martin; Kominsky, John (1986-01-01). "Chronic
Beryllium Disease in the United States".
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2780:
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2678:
2639:
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1510:
Seidler, A.; Euler, U.; Müller-Quernheim, J.; Gaede, K. I.; Latza, U.; Groneberg, D.; Letzel, S. (2012-10-01).
128:
4236:
3658:
3623:
2946:
2043:
Welch, L (2013). "Beryllium
Disease Among Construction Trade Workers at Department of Energy Nuclear Sites".
4206:
3992:
3095:
2737:
2653:
2528:
212:
1324:
Hardy, HL; Tabershaw, IR (1946). "Delayed chemical pneumonitis in workers exposed to beryllium compounds".
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3801:
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3568:
3538:
3221:
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3035:
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4399:
3796:
2483:
2455:
2258:
927:
628:"Identification of beryllium-dependent peptides recognized by CD4+ T cells in chronic beryllium disease"
368:
potential hazards if they are likely to encounter beryllium dust or fumes. It is important to damp wipe
1703:
Henneberger, Paul K.; Goe, Sandra K.; Miller, William E.; Doney, Brent; Groce, Dennis W. (2004-10-01).
89:, which became rare following occupational exposure limits established around 1950. Berylliosis is an
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3448:
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3052:
3040:
2854:
2812:
2411:
1919:
1129:
1038:
Rossman, MD; Kreider, ME (June 2003). "Is chronic beryllium disease sarcoidosis of known etiology?".
559:
347:
334:
1765:"Risks of beryllium disease related to work processes at a metal, alloy, and oxide production plant"
376:
2008, when a box containing beryllium was received at the laboratory's short-term storage facility.
36:
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2195:
883:"Structural Basis of Chronic Beryllium Disease: Linking Allergic Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity"
442:
143:
82:
1116:
Frome, Edward L; Newman, Lee S; Cragle, Donna L; Colyer, Shirley P; Wambach, Paul F (2003-02-01).
251:
X-ray image of a 54-year-old man working in the aerospace manufacturing industry with berylliosis
4738:
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132:
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2301:
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2132:
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1976:
1943:
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801:
793:
752:
744:
709:
701:
665:
647:
606:
575:
532:
49:
968:
Newman, LS (March 1995). "Beryllium disease and sarcoidosis: clinical and laboratory links".
515:
Kriebel, D; Brain, JD; Sprince, NL; Kazemi, H (1988). "The pulmonary toxicity of beryllium".
216:
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4594:
3957:
3952:
3618:
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3284:
3148:
3069:
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1012:
902:
894:
847:
783:
736:
693:
655:
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567:
524:
356:
338:
later stages hilar lymphadenopathy, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and pleural thickening.
307:
947:
4707:
4599:
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4211:
4039:
3718:
3713:
3313:
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3025:
2941:
2749:
330:
3668:
1209:
Sharma, Nidhi; Patel, Jeet; Mohammed, Tan-Lucien H. (2010). "Chronic Beryllium Disease".
494:
480:
1923:
1512:"Systematic review: progression of beryllium sensitization to chronic beryllium disease"
1133:
563:
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4019:
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1797:
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1612:
1588:
1563:
1482:
1457:
1405:
1380:
1301:
1274:
1101:
1066:
907:
882:
772:"Immunogenetic basis of environmental lung disease: lessons from the berylliosis model"
660:
627:
394:
369:
273:
1141:
740:
697:
359:
alloy and the subsequent machining of such materials would cause the disease as well.
4732:
4712:
4676:
4666:
4624:
4614:
4201:
3962:
3663:
3608:
3343:
3057:
2768:
2314:
1244:
181:
2200:
2144:
1955:
1836:
1744:
1689:
1176:
867:
823:
Beryllium Toxicity: How Should Patients Exposed to Beryllium Be Treated and Managed?
587:
4529:
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3673:
3613:
3583:
3280:
3233:
2618:
2570:
2439:
770:
Saltini, C.; Amicosante, M.; Franchi, A.; Lombardi, G.; Richeldi, L. (1998-12-01).
267:
225:
208:
193:
113:
2235:
2128:
1067:"AB042. Sarcoidosis or Berylliosis? Two diseases with similar histologic findings"
3409:
2211:
1222:
788:
771:
4514:
4126:
3593:
3488:
3378:
3325:
3308:
3303:
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3211:
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3010:
2977:
2578:
2510:
2473:
2428:
2363:
2099:
303:
259:
155:
151:
117:
54:
2115:
Marshall, E (1999). "Science News: Beryllium screening raises ethical issues".
1016:
528:
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3633:
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2898:
2884:
2859:
2834:
2829:
2763:
2712:
2634:
2610:
2559:
2433:
2398:
2373:
2185:
1879:
1720:
1613:"The natural history of beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease"
1473:
571:
185:
147:
106:
1939:
1887:
1844:
1788:
1728:
1537:
1184:
1092:
797:
748:
705:
651:
215:. A study of the immune response to beryllium in individuals who express the
3947:
3915:
3653:
3463:
3373:
3005:
2874:
2869:
2839:
2390:
2230:
1528:
1511:
1291:
1083:
851:
189:
121:
78:
2249:
2136:
2064:
1947:
1895:
1736:
1681:
1579:
1545:
1491:
1337:
1310:
1230:
1149:
1051:
1024:
916:
898:
859:
822:
756:
669:
579:
1931:
1852:
1806:
1763:
Kreiss, K.; Mroz, M. M.; Zhen, B.; Wiedemann, H.; Barna, B. (1997-08-01).
1654:
1597:
1414:
1192:
981:
805:
713:
536:
4656:
4549:
4457:
4441:
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3678:
3548:
3388:
3273:
2673:
2406:
1780:
1396:
643:
351:
204:
197:
441:
It occasionally killed early workers in nuclear weapons design, such as
4557:
2626:
2502:
2292:
Dying for work: workers' safety and health in twentieth-century America
2056:
1636:
1118:"Identification of an abnormal beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test"
311:
221:
74:
4306:
3867:
Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro
2263:
2168:
4473:
4449:
4433:
4424:
3977:
2723:
2536:
2465:
2180:
2081:. Office of Public Affairs, Argonne National Laboratory. 19 June 2006
296:
1704:
1628:
1117:
1351:
Cayless, M A; Marsden, A M, eds. (1983). "7.2.1 Optical ceramics".
2544:
246:
166:
159:
139:
2098:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. September 2002
124:, and so distinction between the two processes can be difficult.
2493:
2250:
ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Beryllium Toxicity
4310:
3413:
2318:
1912:
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
552:
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
821:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry via the CDC.
165:
Rarely, one can get granulomas in other organs including the
73:), is a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung
1438:"Nearly 2,000 people warned of possible beryllium exposure"
2280:
examining the molecular basis of chronic beryllium disease
1868:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
1005:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
1279:
Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
2286:"Ch. 7: Salem Sarcoid:The Origins of Beryllium Disease"
1557:
1555:
44:
Peribronchal non-necrotizing granuloma from berylliosis
112:
Granuloma formation is seen in other diseases such as
3890:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2284:
Rosner, David; Markowitz, Gerald E. (February 1987).
1564:"Chronic beryllium disease: diagnosis and management"
1275:"The uses and adverse effects of beryllium on health"
255:
The differential diagnosis for berylliosis includes:
2158:
1273:
Cooper, Ross G.; Harrison, Adrian P. (August 2009).
239:; they are carcinogenic to both animals and humans.
4685:
4548:
4485:
4423:
4342:
4109:
4063:
3940:
3903:
3853:
3827:
3815:
3769:
3692:
3447:
3361:
3334:
3264:
3250:
3204:
3162:
3141:
3115:
3018:
3004:
2995:
2924:
2809:
2789:
2672:
2652:
2492:
2372:
2352:
2221:
2162:
950:. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1993
475:
473:
471:
469:
48:
26:
21:
4076:Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)
3861:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
2289:
1670:Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
817:
815:
1709:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
1462:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
1040:Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Diseases
96:While there is no cure, symptoms can be treated.
3873:National Institute for Safety and Health at Work
2079:"Photograph of Chicago Pile One Scientists 1946"
1458:"Current Treatment of Chronic Beryllium Disease"
3921:Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981
120:. Sarcoidosis, like berylliosis, also produces
833:
831:
4744:Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements
4322:
3885:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3835:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
3425:
2330:
932:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
8:
1355:(3rd ed.). Edward Arnold. p. 127.
1326:Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
233:International Agency for Research on Cancer
4329:
4315:
4307:
3824:
3529:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")
3432:
3418:
3410:
3261:
3015:
3001:
2806:
2669:
2369:
2337:
2323:
2315:
2159:
1825:The American Review of Respiratory Disease
1818:
1816:
1611:Newman, LS; Lloyd, J; Daniloff, E (1996).
1505:
1503:
1501:
603:Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders
517:The American Review of Respiratory Disease
35:
18:
2937:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
1796:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1644:
1587:
1527:
1481:
1404:
1300:
1290:
1204:
1202:
1100:
1082:
906:
787:
659:
495:"Berylliosis: Treatment & Medication"
1975:. National Academies Press. p. 11.
235:, beryllium and beryllium compounds are
4055:Immediately dangerous to life or health
2961:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
2254:Department of Health and Human Services
2045:American Journal of Industrial Medicine
1769:Occupational and Environmental Medicine
1451:
1449:
1447:
1374:
1372:
1211:Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
465:
4242:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
3514:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy
1995:David Geraint James, Alimuddin Zumla,
997:
995:
993:
991:
925:
2296:. Indiana University Press. pp.
7:
4754:Lung diseases due to external agents
4289:
3932:Working Environment Convention, 1977
1999:, Cambridge University Press, 1999,
1972:Health effects of beryllium exposure
632:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
138:The earliest symptoms are typically
4427: (Core six elements)
4101:Workers' right to access the toilet
3394:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
409:Overall mortality rates are 5–38%.
4172:International Chemical Safety Card
2983:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
2346:Diseases of the respiratory system
127:Ultimately, this process leads to
122:granulomas without a necrotic core
14:
4182:National Day of Mourning (Canada)
3840:International Labour Organization
2017:Brown University Medical School.
1617:Environmental Health Perspectives
1568:Environmental Health Perspectives
1385:Environmental Health Perspectives
1260:, Dec. 1978, says on pg. 23 that
4288:
4260:
4259:
2100:Toxicological Profile: Beryllium
1071:Annals of Translational Medicine
729:International Immunopharmacology
280:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
1379:Lang, Leslie (June–July 1994).
1177:10.1148/radiology.163.3.3575713
825:Page last updated: May 23, 2008
314:findings, and abnormalities in
30:Chronic beryllium disease (CBD)
4415:Biological aspects of fluorine
4137:Environment, health and safety
3792:Occupational health psychology
3441:Occupational safety and health
3399:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
1381:"Beryllium: A Chronic Problem"
1:
4693:Composition of the human body
4008:Personal protective equipment
3761:Workplace health surveillance
2973:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
2129:10.1126/science.285.5425.178b
1837:10.1164/ajrccm/148.4_Pt_1.985
1142:10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00439-0
741:10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00177-1
698:10.1016/S0046-8177(70)80003-X
605:(5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
287:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
81:and its compounds, a form of
4050:Standard operating procedure
3983:Hierarchy of hazard controls
3736:Hierarchy of hazard controls
2956:Respiratory hypersensitivity
2894:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
1223:10.1097/rct.0b013e3181ef214e
789:10.1183/09031936.98.12061463
776:European Respiratory Journal
493:Dweik, Raed A (2008-11-19).
483:Page accessed March 29, 2016
292:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
264:Granulomatous lung diseases
4703:Mineral (Essential element)
4187:NIOSH air filtration rating
3879:Health and Safety Executive
3787:Occupational health nursing
3751:Occupational exposure limit
3589:Hospital-acquired infection
3554:Exposure to human nail dust
2865:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
1997:The granulomatous disorders
948:"IARC Monograph, Volume 58"
4775:
4718:Uranium in the environment
4247:Workplace health promotion
4152:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster
3926:Worker Protection Standard
3629:Noise-induced hearing loss
2718:Acute exacerbation of COPD
2278:Royal Society of Chemistry
1017:10.1164/rccm.201409-1722st
4573:Acute beryllium poisoning
4255:
3845:World Health Organization
3756:Occupational epidemiology
3741:Prevention through design
3599:Laboratory animal allergy
3524:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma
3499:Byssinosis ("brown lung")
1880:10.1164/rccm.200402-190OC
1721:10.1080/15459620490502233
1474:10.1080/15459620903158698
1258:Fluorescent Lamps TP 111R
572:10.1007/s00420-005-0024-0
272:Fungal infections (e.g.,
222:allergic hypersensitivity
182:CD4+ helper T-lymphocytes
146:. Other symptoms include
91:occupational lung disease
87:acute beryllium poisoning
67:chronic beryllium disease
43:
34:
4162:Hostile work environment
4142:Environmental toxicology
4035:Redundancy (engineering)
3649:Repetitive strain injury
2781:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
2774:Bronchiolitis obliterans
2640:Laryngotracheal stenosis
2587:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2565:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2523:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2451:Nasal septum perforation
529:10.1164/ajrccm/137.2.464
481:Beryllium Health Effects
316:pulmonary function tests
213:antigen presenting cells
129:restrictive lung disease
4207:Quality of working life
3993:Administrative controls
2529:Retropharyngeal abscess
1440:. CNN. 29 January 2009.
1292:10.4103/0019-5278.55122
1084:10.21037/atm.2016.AB042
901:(inactive 2024-04-15).
852:10.1136/oem.2010.055046
190:noncaseating granulomas
4585:Chlorine gas poisoning
3802:Occupational therapist
3782:Industrial engineering
3574:Glassblower's cataract
3539:Decompression sickness
3222:Pulmonary hypertension
2951:Eosinophilic pneumonia
2603:Vocal cord dysfunction
2446:Nasal septum deviation
1682:10.1055/s-2007-1012616
1580:10.1289/ehp.96104s5945
1245:ToxGuide for Beryllium
899:10.1016/j.cell.2014.04
335:ground-glass opacities
252:
237:Category 1 carcinogens
85:. It is distinct from
77:caused by exposure to
4759:Occupational diseases
4558:Argyria (Silver)
4400:Molybdenum in biology
4272:Occupational diseases
4237:Workers' compensation
3797:Occupational medicine
3659:Silo-filler's disease
3624:Mule spinners' cancer
3349:Mediastinal emphysema
3128:Healthcare-associated
3058:Legionnaires' disease
2484:Peritonsillar abscess
2456:Nasal septal hematoma
1932:10.1007/s004200100237
1529:10.1093/occmed/kqs069
1516:Occupational Medicine
1456:Sood, Akshay (2009).
250:
211:molecule function on
4698:Lithium (medication)
4410:Arsenic biochemistry
4370:Manganese in biology
4360:Potassium in biology
4355:Magnesium in biology
3998:Engineering controls
3973:Emergency evacuation
3777:Environmental health
3544:De Quervain syndrome
3534:Concussions in sport
3096:Mendelson's syndrome
2968:Hamman–Rich syndrome
1781:10.1136/oem.54.8.605
1574:(Suppl 5): 945–947.
1397:10.1289/ehp.94102526
644:10.1084/jem.20122426
348:occupational disease
192:. When beryllium is
4568:Beryllium poisoning
4395:Selenium in biology
4337:Elements in biology
4132:Effects of overtime
4015:Job safety analysis
4003:Hazard substitution
3968:Emergency procedure
3746:Exposure assessment
3731:Occupational stress
3724:Psychosocial hazard
3704:Occupational hazard
3569:Flock worker's lung
3369:Respiratory failure
3336:Mediastinal disease
2904:Bird fancier's lung
2479:Adenoid hypertrophy
1924:2001IAOEH..74..167H
1831:(4 Pt 1): 985–991.
1623:(Suppl 5): 937–43.
1562:Rossman, M (1996).
1134:2003Toxgy.183...39F
564:2006IAOEH..79..161D
443:Herbert L. Anderson
144:shortness of breath
83:beryllium poisoning
4749:Element toxicology
4662:Thallium poisoning
4365:Calcium in biology
4167:Indoor air quality
4071:Diving regulations
3988:Hazard elimination
3807:Safety engineering
3274:Pleuritis/pleurisy
3227:Pulmonary embolism
3123:Community-acquired
3048:Atypical bacterial
2947:Löffler's syndrome
2728:Status asthmaticus
2713:Chronic bronchitis
2598:Vocal fold paresis
2412:Vasomotor rhinitis
2222:External resources
2057:10.1002/ajim.22202
1353:Lamps and Lighting
452:In the 1990s, the
399:supportive therapy
346:Berylliosis is an
253:
133:diffusion capacity
100:Signs and symptoms
4726:
4725:
4672:Toxic heavy metal
4657:Selenium toxicity
4642:Mercury poisoning
4610:Fluoride toxicity
4605:Cadmium poisoning
4590:Chromium toxicity
4563:Arsenic poisoning
4405:Iodine in biology
4385:Copper in biology
4380:Cobalt in biology
4350:Sodium in biology
4304:
4303:
4217:Safety data sheet
4030:Operations manual
3911:Bangladesh Accord
3899:
3898:
3709:Biological hazard
3407:
3406:
3357:
3356:
3314:Empyema/pyothorax
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3200:
3199:
3133:Hospital-acquired
2991:
2990:
2855:Caplan's syndrome
2648:
2647:
2593:Vocal fold nodule
2417:Atrophic rhinitis
2307:978-0-253-31825-1
2264:Beryllium Network
2245:
2244:
2123:(5425): 178–179.
2051:(10): 1125–1136.
1982:978-0-309-11167-6
1362:978-0-7131-3487-2
1256:General Electric
840:Occup Environ Med
612:978-0-07-179672-9
231:According to the
60:
59:
16:Medical condition
4766:
4637:Lithium toxicity
4595:Cobalt poisoning
4331:
4324:
4317:
4308:
4292:
4291:
4263:
4262:
3958:Contingency plan
3953:Code of practice
3825:
3619:Metal fume fever
3434:
3427:
3420:
3411:
3292:Pleural effusion
3285:Hemopneumothorax
3262:
3016:
3002:
2845:Bauxite fibrosis
2810:External agents/
2807:
2738:Exercise-induced
2694:Acute bronchitis
2670:
2370:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2316:
2311:
2295:
2269:Health-cares.net
2160:
2149:
2148:
2112:
2106:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2021:. Archived from
2014:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1760:
1749:
1748:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1531:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1270:
1264:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1086:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1035:
1029:
1028:
999:
986:
985:
965:
959:
958:
956:
955:
944:
938:
937:
931:
923:
910:
878:
872:
871:
835:
826:
819:
810:
809:
791:
782:(6): 1463–1475.
767:
761:
760:
735:(2–3): 249–261.
724:
718:
717:
680:
674:
673:
663:
638:(7): 1403–1418.
623:
617:
616:
598:
592:
591:
547:
541:
540:
512:
506:
505:
503:
502:
490:
484:
477:
357:beryllium copper
39:
19:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4708:Oxygen toxicity
4681:
4600:Copper toxicity
4544:
4481:
4419:
4390:Zinc in biology
4375:Iron in biology
4338:
4335:
4305:
4300:
4251:
4232:Toxic workplace
4212:Risk management
4105:
4059:
4040:Risk assessment
3936:
3895:
3849:
3820:
3811:
3765:
3719:Physical hazard
3714:Chemical hazard
3695:
3688:
3453:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3408:
3403:
3353:
3330:
3266:Pleural disease
3255:
3238:
3196:
3158:
3142:By distribution
3137:
3116:By vector/route
3111:
3009:
2997:
2987:
2942:Pulmonary edema
2920:
2815:
2811:
2798:
2794:
2785:
2750:Cystic fibrosis
2677:
2661:
2657:
2644:
2488:
2362:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2308:
2283:
2274:Instant insight
2246:
2241:
2240:
2217:
2216:
2171:
2157:
2152:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2097:
2093:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2028:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2007:, pages 336–337
1994:
1990:
1983:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1715:(10): 648–659.
1702:
1701:
1697:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1629:10.2307/3433014
1610:
1609:
1605:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1509:
1508:
1499:
1468:(12): 762–765.
1455:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1391:(6–7): 526–31.
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1011:(10): e34–e59.
1001:
1000:
989:
967:
966:
962:
953:
951:
946:
945:
941:
924:
880:
879:
875:
837:
836:
829:
820:
813:
769:
768:
764:
726:
725:
721:
686:Human Pathology
682:
681:
677:
625:
624:
620:
613:
600:
599:
595:
549:
548:
544:
514:
513:
509:
500:
498:
492:
491:
487:
478:
467:
463:
435:
415:
407:
395:corticosteroids
382:
365:
344:
331:lymphadenopathy
245:
178:
131:(a decrease in
102:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4772:
4770:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4652:Nickel allergy
4649:
4647:Metal toxicity
4644:
4639:
4634:
4632:Lead poisoning
4629:
4628:
4627:
4620:Iron poisoning
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4430:
4428:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4222:Source control
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4197:Process safety
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4157:Health physics
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4045:Safety culture
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4025:Permit To Work
4022:
4020:Lockout-tagout
4017:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3700:
3698:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3684:Writer's cramp
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3639:Pneumoconiosis
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3604:Lead poisoning
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3579:Golfer's elbow
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Fiddler's neck
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:Chronic stress
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Cardiovascular
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3259:
3252:Pleural cavity
3248:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3098:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3013:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:Lycoperdonosis
2911:
2906:
2901:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2825:Pneumoconiosis
2821:
2819:
2804:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2745:Bronchiectasis
2742:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2721:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2667:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2557:
2555:Laryngeal cyst
2552:
2550:Laryngomalacia
2547:
2542:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2376:
2367:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2281:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2203:
2188:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:Classification
2156:
2155:External links
2153:
2151:
2150:
2107:
2091:
2070:
2035:
2009:
1988:
1981:
1961:
1918:(3): 167–176.
1901:
1858:
1812:
1775:(8): 605–612.
1750:
1695:
1676:(3): 203–209.
1660:
1603:
1551:
1522:(7): 506–513.
1497:
1443:
1429:
1420:
1368:
1361:
1343:
1316:
1265:
1249:
1247:September 2002
1236:
1217:(6): 945–948.
1198:
1171:(3): 677–682.
1155:
1128:(1–3): 39–56.
1108:
1057:
1030:
987:
960:
939:
893:(1): 132–142.
873:
827:
811:
762:
719:
675:
618:
611:
593:
542:
507:
485:
464:
462:
459:
434:
431:
414:
411:
406:
403:
381:
378:
370:metallographic
364:
361:
343:
342:Classification
340:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
283:
282:
277:
274:histoplasmosis
270:
262:
244:
241:
177:
174:
101:
98:
58:
57:
52:
46:
45:
41:
40:
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4771:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4713:Soil salinity
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4677:Zinc toxicity
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Tin poisoning
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4625:Iron overload
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4615:Halotolerance
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4320:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4297:
4296:
4287:
4283:
4282:Organizations
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Public health
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4095:United States
4092:
4089:
4086:
4085:United States
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3963:Diving safety
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:International
3826:
3823:
3821:organizations
3818:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3694:Occupational
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:Sports injury
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3609:Low back pain
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:Farmer's lung
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3452:
3449:Occupational
3446:
3442:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:Other/general
3360:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Mediastinitis
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3087:noninfectious
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:Obstructive /
2994:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:Farmer's lung
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2769:Bronchiolitis
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:2009 Addendum
2101:
2095:
2092:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2025:on 2017-10-04
2024:
2020:
2019:"Berylliosis"
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:0-521-59221-6
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1077:(22): AB042.
1076:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
998:
996:
994:
992:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
961:
949:
943:
940:
935:
929:
922:
918:
914:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
877:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:(7): 487–93.
845:
841:
834:
832:
828:
824:
818:
816:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
766:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
723:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
679:
676:
671:
667:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
622:
619:
614:
608:
604:
597:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
546:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:(2): 464–73.
522:
518:
511:
508:
496:
489:
486:
482:
476:
474:
472:
470:
466:
460:
458:
455:
450:
446:
444:
439:
432:
430:
426:
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4577:
4487:Deficiencies
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4293:
4264:
4091:Right to sit
4081:Potty parity
3674:Tennis elbow
3669:Surfer's ear
3614:Mesothelioma
3584:Hearing loss
3483:
3281:Pneumothorax
3234:Lung abscess
3216:
3086:
3075:Pneumocystis
3036:Pneumococcal
2849:
2817:lung disease
2813:occupational
2791:Interstitial
2756:
2700:
2686:
2659:lung disease
2625:
2619:Epiglottitis
2609:
2577:
2571:Laryngospasm
2535:
2516:Strep throat
2501:
2464:
2440:nasal septum
2438:
2397:
2381:
2291:
2229:
2205:
2190:
2175:
2120:
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2110:
2094:
2083:. Retrieved
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2027:. Retrieved
2023:the original
2012:
1996:
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1964:
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1904:
1874:(1): 54–60.
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555:
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499:. Retrieved
488:
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413:Epidemiology
408:
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328:
324:
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268:Tuberculosis
254:
230:
226:autoimmunity
209:MHC class II
202:
194:phagocytized
179:
176:Pathogenesis
171:
164:
137:
126:
114:tuberculosis
111:
103:
95:
70:
66:
62:
61:
4578:Berylliosis
4127:Drug policy
4064:Legislation
3770:Professions
3594:Indium lung
3489:Brucellosis
3484:Berylliosis
3379:Common cold
3326:Fibrothorax
3309:Chylothorax
3304:Hydrothorax
3257:mediastinum
3217:circulatory
3212:Atelectasis
3019:By pathogen
3011:pneumonitis
2998:Restrictive
2978:Sarcoidosis
2850:Berylliosis
2796:restrictive
2757:unspecified
2679:obstructive
2662:(including
2579:vocal cords
2511:Pharyngitis
2474:Tonsillitis
2429:Nasal polyp
2364:common cold
2357:(including
2102:. See also
1332:: 197–211.
976:(1): 7–19.
970:Sarcoidosis
308:chest x-ray
304:lung biopsy
260:Sarcoidosis
186:macrophages
156:weight loss
152:joint aches
118:sarcoidosis
63:Berylliosis
55:Pulmonology
27:Other names
22:Berylliosis
4733:Categories
4525:Molybdenum
4227:Toxic tort
4177:Job strain
4147:Ergonomics
4122:Break room
3644:Radium jaw
3634:Phossy jaw
3509:Chalicosis
3479:Barotrauma
3469:Asbestosis
3299:Hemothorax
3101:Aspiration
3063:Chlamydiae
3053:Mycoplasma
3041:Klebsiella
2899:Bagassosis
2885:Byssinosis
2860:Chalicosis
2835:Asbestosis
2830:Aluminosis
2764:Bronchitis
2635:Tracheitis
2611:epiglottis
2560:Laryngitis
2434:Rhinorrhea
2085:2008-09-18
2029:2012-08-20
1122:Toxicology
1003:Disease".
954:2008-09-18
501:2009-08-21
497:. Medscape
461:References
363:Prevention
148:chest pain
107:granulomas
4739:Beryllium
4520:Manganese
4515:Potassium
4469:hosphorus
3948:Checklist
3916:ISO 45001
3904:Standards
3654:Silicosis
3464:Acrodynia
3374:Influenza
3319:Malignant
3082:Parasitic
3031:Bacterial
3006:Pneumonia
2875:Silicosis
2870:Siderosis
2840:Baritosis
2674:Bronchial
2422:Hay fever
2391:Sinusitis
2276:from the
2231:eMedicine
1940:0340-0131
1888:1073-449X
1845:0003-0805
1789:1470-7926
1729:1545-9624
1538:0962-7480
1185:0033-8419
1165:Radiology
1093:2305-5839
798:0903-1936
749:1567-5769
706:0046-8177
652:0022-1007
380:Treatment
243:Diagnosis
79:beryllium
50:Specialty
4550:Toxicity
4535:Selenium
4495:Chromium
4343:Elements
4277:Journals
4266:Category
4192:Overwork
4110:See also
3863:(Canada)
3854:National
3817:Agencies
3679:Tinnitus
3549:Erethism
3456:injuries
3451:diseases
3389:COVID-19
3182:BOOP-COP
3149:Broncho-
3092:Chemical
2880:Talcosis
2801:fibrosis
2654:Lower RT
2407:Rhinitis
2354:Upper RT
2145:11215967
2137:10428708
2065:23794247
1956:39949745
1948:11355290
1896:15374840
1745:19773286
1737:15631056
1690:72430473
1546:22705916
1492:19894178
1338:21000285
1311:20386622
1231:21084914
1150:12504341
1052:12870719
1025:25398119
917:24995984
868:27610317
860:21186201
757:11811929
670:23797096
588:41564437
580:16231190
405:Outcomes
352:Beryllia
205:HLA-DPB1
198:fibrosis
4686:Related
4461:itrogen
4445:ydrogen
4295:Commons
3875:(Spain)
3869:(Italy)
3696:hygiene
3494:Burnout
2701:chronic
2627:trachea
2503:pharynx
2383:sinuses
2236:med/222
2212:D001607
2117:Science
1920:Bibcode
1853:8214955
1807:9326165
1798:1128986
1655:8933038
1646:1469683
1637:3433014
1598:8933039
1589:1469698
1483:2774897
1415:9679108
1406:1569745
1302:2847329
1243:ATSDR.
1193:3575713
1130:Bibcode
1102:5159372
982:7617981
908:4269484
806:9877510
714:5521721
661:3698527
560:Bibcode
537:3277503
433:History
312:CT scan
217:HLA-DP2
75:disease
4530:Sodium
4510:Iodine
4500:Copper
4425:CHONPS
3978:Hazard
3941:Safety
3474:Asthma
3070:Fungal
2724:Asthma
2537:larynx
2466:tonsil
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297:Asthma
158:, and
4477:ulfur
4453:xygen
4437:arbon
4117:Break
3205:Other
3154:Lobar
3105:Lipid
3026:Viral
2925:Other
2687:acute
2664:LRTIs
2589:(LPR)
2567:(LPR)
2545:Croup
2525:(LPR)
2359:URTIs
2252:U.S.
2186:J63.2
2141:S2CID
1952:S2CID
1741:S2CID
1686:S2CID
1633:JSTOR
864:S2CID
584:S2CID
479:OSHA
167:liver
160:fever
140:cough
65:, or
4540:Zinc
4505:Iron
3928:(US)
3892:(US)
3881:(UK)
3819:and
3454:and
3384:SARS
3187:NSIP
2932:ARDS
2733:AERD
2708:COPD
2494:Neck
2399:nose
2374:Head
2302:ISBN
2298:103–
2207:MeSH
2196:9-CM
2133:PMID
2061:PMID
2001:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1944:PMID
1936:ISSN
1892:PMID
1884:ISSN
1849:PMID
1841:ISSN
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1189:PMID
1181:ISSN
1146:PMID
1089:ISSN
1048:PMID
1021:PMID
978:PMID
934:link
913:PMID
887:Cell
856:PMID
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3172:UIP
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