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record-only. The only transport controls on the deck were eject and rewind. The docked camera's VTR button started and paused the tape recorder. Later the
Betacam SP docking decks had full transport controls (except a record button) but tapes could not be played back except in the camera's viewfinder in black-and-white only. Sony then came out with the playback adapter, the VA-500, a separate portable unit that connected via a multi-pin cable and had a composite video out jack for color playback. At first color playback required the studio source deck, the BVW-10, which could not record, only play back. It was primarily designed as a feeder deck for A/B roll edit systems, usually for editing to a one-inch Type C or three-quarter-inch U-matic cassette edit master tape. There was also the BVW-20 field playback deck, which was a portable unit with DC power and a handle, that was used to verify color playback of tapes in the field. Unlike the BVW-10, it did not have a built in time base corrector (TBC).
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450:
adapter was used. A new SP field recorder, the BVW-35, possessed the added benefit of a standard RS422 serial control port that enabled it to be used as an edit feeder deck. Though the four new studio decks could utilize the full 90-minute
Betacam SP cassettes, the BVW-35 remained limited to the original Betacam small 30-minute cassette shells. Answering a need for a basic office player, Sony also introduced the BVW-22, a much less expensive desktop model that could be used for viewing and logging 90-minute cassettes of both Betacam SP and oxide types, but could not be configured into an edit system and offered only composite video output.
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decks, and the PVV-3 camera-dockable VTR. These high quality machines were similar to the original BV series machines, but lacked the third and fourth audio channels. In 1993, the far less expensive UVW series debuted. These machines were considerably simpler, somewhat lower quality, and were designed primarily to be used as companions to computer systems, for industrial video, and other low-cost, yet high-quality, uses. The UVW decks possessed very limited front panel controls, no jog and shuttle (except by use of a DSRM-10 cable remote control); and with
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deliver. The BVW-40 enabled for the first time editing to a
Betacam master, and if set up and wired correctly, true component video editing. It was also possible to do machine-to-machine editing between a BVW-10/15 and BVW-40 without an edit controller—a single serial cable between the units was all that was required to control the player from the recorder in performing simple assemble and insert editing. Additionally, there were two field models introduced, the field recorder BVW-25, and the BVW-21 play only portable field deck.
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424:) was released. It increased horizontal resolution to 340 lines. While the quality improvement of the format itself was minor, the improvement to the VTRs was enormous, particularly in quality and features. In addition to the existing cassette a larger cassette (25.3 Ă— 14.4 Ă— 2.5 cm) was introduced with 90 minutes of recording time. Betacam SP (for "Superior Performance") became the industry standard for most
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337:, introduced by Sony in 1975. Betacam cassettes could be used in a Betamax VCR; likewise, a blank Betamax tape would work on a Betacam deck. However, in later years Sony discouraged this practice, suggesting that the internal tape transport of Betamax cassette was not well suited to the faster tape transport of Betacam. In particular, the guide rollers tend to be noisy.
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heads to record in component format, at a much higher linear tape speed of 10.15 cm/s (3.99606 in./s) compared with
Betamax's 1.87 cm/s (0.7362205 in./s), resulting in much higher video and audio quality. A typical L-750 length Betamax cassette that yielded about 3 hours of recording time on a Betamax
1239:". However, while Sony's Betacam system rapidly became an industry standard, M-format was a marketing failure. A follow-up format called M-II— effectively the Panasonic enhancement of M-format as SP was Sony's enhancement of Betacam— was a great improvement. Though it was used as an internal standard at
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This format compresses the video signal from approximately 180 Mbit/s to only 18 Mbit/s. This means a compression ratio of around 10:1, which is achieved by the use of mild temporal compression, where alternate frames are stored as MPEG I-frames and B-frames, giving rise to an IBIB sequence
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Until the introduction of the BVW-200 camera, the camera and recorder configuration was a docking system. The BVW-200 was an integrated camera recorder system. It sacrificed the flexibility of a docking camera in order to lose a substantial amount of weight. Eventually, non-docking camcorders became
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At its introduction, many insisted that
Betacam remained inferior to the bulkier one-inch type C and B videotapes, the standard broadcast production formats of the late 1970s to mid-1990s. Additionally, the maximum record time for both the cameras and studio recorders was only half an hour, a severe
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The
Betacam SX system was very successful with newsgathering operations, which had a legacy of Betacam and Betacam SP tapes. Some Betacam SX decks, such as the DNW-A75 or DNW-A50, can natively play and work from the analog tapes interchangeably, because they contain both analog and digital playback
478:(TBC) control available only with an optional remote TBC controller. These were represented by the UVW-1800, a very popular editing VTR (and companion UVW-1600 edit VTP), and the non-editing UVW-1400 VTR, and UVW-1200 VTP. The UVW-100 (and later 100B) one-piece camcorder rounded out the UVW series.
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The new
Betacam SP studio decks were the players: The BVW-60 and BVW-65 (the BVW-65 features Dynamic Tracking); and the Edit Recorders: the BVW-70, and the Dynamic Tracking model, the BVW-75. The BVV-5 was the Betacam SP dockable camera back, which could play back in color if its companion playback
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In 1991, the less-expensive, "Professional", PV line of
Betacam SP decks was introduced. The PV line consisted of only four models: the full-sized PVW-2600 (VTP), PVW-2650 (VTP with Dynamic tracking allowing up to fwd x3, whereas the BVW line only offered x2 DT playback) and PVW-2800 (VTR) editing
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This format uses a helical scan head drum 80 mm in diameter. The video tracks read by the video heads in the drum, are 22 microns wide. The video heads have a 15.25 degree azimuth. 4:2:2 Chroma subsampling is used, and the drum rotates at 5400 RPM for NTSC video. Due to the use of an MPEG format,
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with standard
Betacam, with the capability that Betacam SP tapes recorded on Betacam SP decks can be played in oxide-era Betacam VTRs (such as the BVW-15 and BVW-40 mentioned earlier), but for playback only. Betacam SP-branded tapes cannot be used for recording in consumer Betamax VCRs like oxide
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Although there is a superficial similarity between
Betamax and Betacam in that they use the same tape cassette, they are really quite different formats. Betamax records relatively low-resolution video using a heterodyne color recording system and only two recording heads, while Betacam uses four
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Some HDCAM VTRs play back older Betacam variants, for example, the Sony SRW-5500 HDCAM SR recorder, plays back and records HDCAM and HDCAM SR tapes and with optional hardware also plays and upconverts Digital Betacam tapes to HD format. Tape lengths are the same as for Digital Betacam, up to 40
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TV and Hubbard's Conus Communications in America for a time, it failed to make much headway in the marketplace. While technically M-II was in some ways an improvement over Betacam SP, Betacam SP had the overwhelming advantage of a high degree of compatibility with the existing (and very large)
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All IMX VTRs can natively playback Betacam SX tapes, and some, such as the MSW-M2000P/1 are capable of playing back Digital Betacam cassettes as well as analog Betacam and Betacam SP cassettes, but they can only record to their native IMX cassettes. S tapes are available with up to 60 minutes
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With the popular success of the Betacam system as a news acquisition format, the line was soon extended to include the BVW-15 studio player, and the BVW-40 studio edit recorder. The BVW-15 added dynamic tracking, which enabled clear still frame and jog playback, something the BVW-10 could not
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tubes, and the BVP-1, which used a single tri-stripe SMF (Saticon Mixed Field) Trinicon tube. These three cameras could be operated standalone, or with their docking companion VTR, the BVV-1 (quickly superseded by the BVV-1A), to form the BVW-1 (BVW-1A) integrated camcorder. Those decks were
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and high-end production houses until the late 1990s. Despite the format's age and its discontinuation in 2001, Betacam SP remained a common standard for standard-definition video post-production into the 2010s. The recording time is the same as for Betacam, 30 and 90 minutes for S and L,
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The cameras themselves are generally considered by most sound recordists to be quite noisy in operation, possibly because the amount of computer processing power, and subsequent generated heat leads to cooling fans being used to keep the camera at a reasonable temperature.
903:(a method for qualitative decisions made in the camcorder to be utilized during the editing process) feature that allows marking of each scene for fast scanning of the tape, looking at recorded marks on each single cassette, and showing the markers to the operator.
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use. It uses a head drum 81 mm in diameter that rotates at 5400 RPM for NTSC video. The video heads in the drum read helical tracks 24 microns wide. Audio is also recorded on the helical tracks. The compression algorithm used by Digital Betacam is proprietary.
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Betacam tapes, due to Betacam SP's metal-formulation tape causing the video heads in a Betamax deck to wear prematurely, which are made of a softer material than the heads in a standard Betacam deck. However, Betacam SP tapes can be used without a problem in
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front section, very similar to the one on the DigiBeta DVW-700, with an integrated Betacam SP recorder. Like every other Betacam camera system, and unlike the DigiBeta DVW-700, the camera could not play back in color without the use of an outboard adapter.
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Betacam SX uses MPEG-2 4:2:2P@ML compression, compliant with CCIR 601, in comparison with other similar systems that use 4:1:1 or 4:2:0 chroma subsampling for coding. It gives better chroma resolution and allows certain postproduction processes such as
251:
The cassette shell and case for each Betacam cassette is colored differently depending on the format, allowing for easy visual identification. There is also a mechanical key that allows a video tape recorder to identify which format has been inserted.
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and HDCAM SR), use the same shape videocassettes, meaning vaults and other storage facilities do not have to be changed when upgrading to a new format. The cassettes are available in two sizes: S (short or small) and L (long or large). The Betacam
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Sony followed up the SP field recorder BVW-50 that could record and play the large-size 90 minute cassettes. After this, the deck line was relatively stagnant and incredibly popular for a decade, aside from some specialty models that could record
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Betacam SX tape shells are bright yellow, but SX recordings may also be found recorded on analogue Betacam SP cassettes. Of course if such a Betacam SP tape with SX recording is inserted into a Betacam SP player, no picture or sound will appear.
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limitation in television production. There was also the limitation that high-quality recording was only possible if the original component signals were available, as they were in a Betacam camcorder. If the recording started as
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each sold OEM versions of some of the Sony VTRs and camcorders at various times in the 1980s and 1990s. Other than nameplates, these models were identical to the Sony models. Internal components still bore the Sony name.
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modes to later models. The HDCAM codec uses non-square pixels and as such the recorded 1440Ă—1080 content is upsampled to 1920Ă—1080 on playback. The recorded video bitrate is 144 Mbit/s. There are four channels of
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respectively. Tape speed is slightly slower in machines working in the 625/50 format, increasing tape duration by one minute for every five minutes of run time. So, a 90-minute tape will record 108 minutes of video in
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and e-VTR. SDTI allows for audio, video, timecode, and remote control functions to be transported by a single coaxial cable, while e-VTR technology extends this by allowing the same data to be transported over
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Betacam SP is able to achieve its namesake "Superior Performance" over Betacam in the fact that it uses metal-formulated tape as opposed to Betacam's ferric oxide tape. Sony designed Betacam SP to be partially
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The helical scan head drum is 81 mm in diameter. The video tracks read by the video heads in the drum, are 32 microns wide, the drum rotates at 5400 RPM for NTSC video. The video heads have a 15.25 degree
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encoding at a higher bitrate than Betacam SX: 30 Mbit/s (6:1 compression), 40 Mbit/s (4:1 compression) or 50 Mbit/s (3.3:1 compression). Unlike most other MPEG-2 implementations, IMX uses
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865:, along with four channels of 48 kHz 16 bit PCM audio. All Betacam SX equipment is compatible with Betacam SP tapes. S tapes have a recording time up to 62 minutes, and L tapes up to 194 minutes.
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signal (1920Ă—1080). Some HDCAM SR VTRs can also use a 2Ă— mode with an even higher bitrate of 880 Mbit/s, allowing for a 4:4:4 RGB stream at a lower compression. HDCAM SR uses the new
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format, although in practice, they continued to coexist for practical and economical reasons. S tapes are available with up to 40 minutes running time, and L tapes with up to 124 minutes.
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capacity, and L tapes hold up to 184 minutes. These values are for 525/60 decks, but will extend in 625/50. A 184-minute tape will record for, as the label itself specifies, 220 minutes.
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Betacam and Betacam SP tape cassette shells varied in color depending on the manufacturer. Many companies sold Betacam tapes, sometimes of their own manufacture, sometimes re-branded.
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video tape format in history, but now although Betacam remains popular in the field and for archiving, new tapeless digital products have led to a phasing out of Betacam products in
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with a bitrate of 440 Mbit/s. The "SR" stands for "Superior Resolution". The increased bitrate (over HDCAM) allows HDCAM SR to capture much more of the full bandwidth of the
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compression. Additionally, IMX ensures that each frame has the same exact size in bytes to simplify recording onto video tape. Video recorded in the IMX format is compliant with
396:, re-converting them to components for recording and then eventually back to composite for broadcast caused a drop in quality compared to recording component video directly.
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track. It lacks an analog audio (cue) track as the Digital Betacam, but will read it as channel 7 if used for playback. This format has been standardized in SMPTE 365M and
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357:. Another common point between Betamax and Betacam is the placement of the stereo linear audio tracks. Also, some Betacam and Betamax portables share the same batteries.
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Together with Betacam SX, Sony introduced a generation of hybrid recorder, allowing use of both tape and disk recording on the same deck, and high speed
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Although Betacam SX machines have gone out of production since 2008, the format is still used by many newsgathering operations, including Canada's
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recording with 300 lines of horizontal luminance resolution and 120 lines chrominance resolution versus 688 kHz chroma bandwidth for domestic
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The original Betacam cassettes, loaded with ferric-oxide tape, were identical in overall design and size (15.1 Ă— 9.5 Ă— 2.5 cm) to consumer-grade
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Matsushita/Panasonic also introduced a professional half-inch analog component video tape format, which used VHS style tape cassettes, called "
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Betacam was initially introduced as a camera line along with a video cassette player. The first cameras were the BVP-3, which utilized three
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is a digital version of Betacam SP introduced in 1996, positioned as a cheaper alternative to Digital Betacam. It stores video using
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format, which Sony had introduced in 1971. In addition to improvements in video quality, the Betacam configuration of an integrated
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on June 10, 1993. It supersedes both Betacam and Betacam SP, while costing significantly less than the first, 100% uncompressed
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1380:"Historia de los medios técnicos de la televisión. Grabación y reproducción de contenidos II: magnetoscopios digitales"
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singly is often used to refer to a Betacam camcorder, a Betacam tape, a Betacam video recorder or the format itself.
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coaxial digital connection on Digital Betacam decks. Facilities could begin using digital signals on their existing
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DigiBeta, the common name for Digital Betacam, went on to become the single most successful professional broadcast
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minutes for S and 124 minutes for L tapes. In 24p mode the runtime increases to 50 and 155 minutes, respectively.
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754:(720Ă—576) resolutions at a bitrate of 90 Mbit/s plus four channels of uncompressed 48 kHz / 20 bit
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This article is about the professional Betacam format. Not to be confused with the related but incompatible
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Sony branded HDCAM cassettes are black with an orange lid, and HDCAM SR cassettes black with a cyan lid.
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Studio Profile for compression, and expands the number of audio channels up to 12 at 48 kHz/24 bit.
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formats took a similar approach in combining the cassette from a non-professional system- in this case,
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372:- with a much higher-quality recording format. However, neither enjoyed Betacam's level of success).
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A size comparison between Betacam SP L (top), Betacam SP S (bottom-left), and VHS (bottom-right)
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format available in Betacam form-factor, using an 8-bit DCT compressed 3:1:1 recording, in
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on tape. Due to the low bitrate this format was not standardized by any standards body.
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format, unveiled in 2003, allows recording of MPEG IMX video in MXF container onto
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track is also used on the tape. It was a popular digital video cassette format for
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Another key element which aided adoption was Sony's implementation of the
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formats (~30 lines resolution left-to-right) on a relatively inexpensive
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Betacam PALsite—over 70 pages of Betacam information, running since 2000
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The final Betacam SP camcorder was the BVW-D600, which paired a digital
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The early form of Betacam videocassette tapes are interchangeable with
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The original Betacam format was launched on August 7, 1982. It is an
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With its IMX VTRs, Sony introduced some new technologies including
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VCRs, since the ED Beta format uses metal-formulated tape as well.
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from one to another. This was intended to save wear on the video
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717:) was introduced at 18th International Television Symposium in
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1468:"Thameside TV | Broadcast Equipment For Sale And Wanted"
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is a 2000 development of the Digital Betacam format. Digital
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commented on-air that CNN still used the same type of tapes.
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Family of broadcast magnetic tape-based videocassette formats
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Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor
1118:-compatible downsampled resolution of 1440Ă—1080, and adding
353:, only provided 30 minutes' record time on a Betacam VCR or
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HDCAM SR was used commonly for HDTV television production.
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without having to commit to an expensive re-installation.
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format, storing the luminance, "Y", in one track and the
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for television studio applications, as well to speed up
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Medoff, Norman; Fink, Edward J. (September 10, 2012).
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A Sony DVW-A500 editing Digital Betacam VTR on display
1350:"Automated industrial digitization of Betacam tapes"
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video is recorded with 8-bit samples (8-bit color).
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1646:
1637:
1524:"Material Exchange Format FAQ, by Pinnacle Systems"
174:
164:
150:
134:
120:
106:
82:
71:
3912:Sony Institute of Higher Education Shohoku College
3026:Comparison of high-definition optical disc formats
2817:List of digital television deployments by country
1585:Comparison Chart of Tape format Specs from Maxell
1040:specification, with eight channels of audio and
1134:It was used for some of Sony's cinema-targeted
950:'s underground studio in Tripoli. CNN reporter
938:'s operations in the San Francisco Bay Area at
526:A Sony BVV-5 docked to a JVC KY-D29 camera head
2933:China High-definition DVD Industry Association
1138:range of products (newer CineAlta devices use
3185:
2843:
2446:
1615:
818:A Sony DVW-A510P playback Digital Betacam VTR
663:were just some of the major brands to do so.
311:, or CTDM. This splitting of channels allows
255:The format supplanted the three-quarter-inch
8:
1344:
1342:
514:The right side of a Sony BVW-D600P camcorder
41:
1016:MPEG IMX deck (top) and HDCAM deck (bottom)
990:A right side view of a Betacam SX camcorder
502:The left side of a Sony BVW-D600P camcorder
3746:
3192:
3178:
3170:
2850:
2836:
2828:
2453:
2439:
2431:
2252:
2007:
1643:
1622:
1608:
1600:
1486:"The Digital Video Cassette Player—DNW-65"
1001:
978:A left side view of a Betacam SX camcorder
841:
728:The Digital Betacam format records 2.34:1
687:
462:the most popular design by the mid-1990s.
405:
56:
47:
794:The front of a Digital Betacam L cassette
1217:A Sony HDW-F900 CineAlta HDCAM camcorder
966:The front of a small Betacam SX cassette
379:tubes, the BVP-30, which utilized three
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1256:
1228:
1183:
1177:, and 880 Mbit/s mode is known as
956:
784:
480:
263:/recorder led to its rapid adoption by
2216:CBHD (China Blue High-definition Disc)
1078:MPEG IMX cassettes are a muted green.
196:is a family of half-inch professional
40:
1440:Tozer, E. P. J. (November 12, 2012).
7:
2173:HVD (High-Definition Versatile Disc)
1884:
1110:, introduced in 1997, was the first
1443:Broadcast Engineer's Reference Book
538:A Sony UVW-100B in the newsroom of
223:Digital Betacam (and additionally,
1131:20-bit/48 kHz digital audio.
309:Compressed Time Division Multiplex
215:All Betacam variants from (plain)
31:format, nor the consumer-oriented
25:
1173:440 Mbit/s mode is known as
830:A DigiBeta camcorder used outside
2484:Ultra-high-definition television
2210:HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc)
1210:
1198:
1186:
983:
971:
959:
823:
811:
799:
787:
615:
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
531:
519:
507:
495:
483:
2881:China Blue High-definition Disc
1902:
1811:
1266:"Digital Betacam (1993 – 2016)"
66:, though the recordings are not
3313:Sony Music Entertainment Japan
3301:Sony Interactive Entertainment
1071:IMX machines feature the same
1:
2200:
2104:
1914:
1406:Portable Video: ENG & EFP
1264:Curtis, Jason (28 May 2014).
1064:interface on the VTR itself.
598:The Sony UVW-1800 editing VTR
586:The Sony PVW-2800 editing VTR
248:can play both S and L tapes.
3882:(umbrella company in the US)
3250:Sony Semiconductor Solutions
1378:Luis Sanz (March 10, 2018).
1075:function of the Betacam SX.
3954:Products introduced in 1982
3880:Sony Corporation of America
3846:Sony Professional Solutions
3841:Sony Network Communications
899:Betacam SX also features a
574:The Sony BVW-75 editing VTR
186:Technical Support 1982-2023
3980:
3804:Sony Entertainment Network
3487:Sony Entertainment Network
2897:Holographic Versatile Disc
2474:High-definition television
2419:Electronic Video Recording
1408:. CRC Press. p. 221.
1327:LLC, Moonlight Computing.
1205:An HDCAM SR small cassette
1100:
490:A Betacam SP KMJ camcorder
219:Betacam to Betacam SP and
26:
3207:
2235:UHD-BD (Ultra HD Blu-ray)
2132:PVD (Personal Video Disc)
1580:Sony professional cameras
1456:– via Google Books.
1048:as "MPEG D10 Streaming".
701:(commonly referred to as
467:professional video camera
420:(commonly referred to as
278:environments since 2006.
265:electronic news gathering
261:professional video camera
55:
46:
3736:Great American Pure Flix
3121:Ultra HD Blu-ray players
2928:Blu-ray Disc Association
1668:Ampex 2 inch helical VTR
1595:Sony Betamax Case Report
1552:Basic Betacam Camerawork
1329:"Greentree Audio Visual"
1291:"The Death of Videotape"
1270:Museum of Obsolete Media
693:Logo of Digital Betacam
3905:Nonprofit organizations
2167:Professional Disc (PFD)
1674:Sony 2 inch helical VTR
1244:Betacam infrastructure.
1193:An HDCAM small cassette
292:Original Betacam format
3676:Sony Creative Software
2938:HD DVD Promotion Group
2413:Electronicam kinescope
2400:Video recorded to film
1017:
863:Profile@ML compression
287:Betacam and Betacam SP
200:products developed by
183:August 1982-March 2016
76:Magnetic cassette tape
3964:Videocassette formats
3774:Anime Digital Network
3159:Xbox 360 HD DVD Drive
2858:High-definition media
2479:High-definition video
2227:Ultra-High Definition
1631:Video storage formats
1368:worldradiohistory.com
1015:
322:and the professional
267:(ENG) organizations.
101:High-definition video
3891:List of acquisitions
3740:Great American Media
3738:(joint venture with
3284:Sony Financial Group
2530:8640p (16K Ultra HD)
2461:High-definition (HD)
1550:Ward, Peter (2001).
768:broadcast television
360:(Matsushita's rival
242:video tape recorders
3959:Japanese inventions
3851:Sony Honda Mobility
3704:PlayStation Network
3692:Online distribution
3551:Historical products
3522:Video8/Hi8/Digital8
2643:Filming and storage
2525:4320p (8K Ultra HD)
2520:2160p (4K Ultra HD)
1029:H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2
847:Logo of Betacam SX
631:Third-party support
610:The Sony BVW-65 VTR
548:Nexstar Media Group
476:time base corrector
411:Logo of Betacam SP
345:at its B-II Speed (
244:(VTR) designed for
43:
3886:Other subsidiaries
3721:Sony Pictures Core
3255:Sony Entertainment
3238:Primary businesses
3087:TotalMedia Theatre
2973:Recordable formats
1018:
439:forward compatible
3941:
3940:
3896:List of libraries
3824:
3823:
3764:PlayStation Video
3714:PlayStation Store
3167:
3166:
2825:
2824:
2571:Digital broadcast
2428:
2427:
2395:
2394:
2244:
2243:
2191:BD (Blu-ray Disc)
2161:MUSE Hi-Vision LD
1997:
1996:
1536:on July 23, 2011.
1091:Professional Disc
1025:video compression
1007:Logo of MPEG IMX
742:signal at 10-bit
316:broadcast quality
276:television studio
272:digital recording
238:television studio
221:digital recording
191:
190:
187:
145:Progressive video
16:(Redirected from
3971:
3829:Other businesses
3747:
3260:Sony Music Group
3245:Sony Corporation
3194:
3187:
3180:
3171:
2959:Advanced Content
2907:Ultra HD Blu-ray
2852:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2750:Ultra HD Blu-ray
2562:MUSE (Hi-Vision)
2545:
2540:Analog broadcast
2455:
2448:
2441:
2432:
2253:
2205:
2202:
2109:
2106:
2008:
1644:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1569:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1529:. Archived from
1528:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:www.thameside.tv
1464:
1458:
1457:
1437:
1420:
1419:
1401:
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1392:
1390:
1375:
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1306:
1304:
1295:
1287:
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1280:
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1261:
1245:
1233:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1005:
987:
975:
963:
845:
827:
815:
803:
791:
691:
619:
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
535:
523:
511:
499:
487:
409:
232:can only load S
217:analog recording
185:
169:Video production
154:
141:Interlaced video
124:
110:
60:
51:
44:
21:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3916:
3900:
3868:
3820:
3779:Anime on Demand
3769:PlayStation Vue
3745:
3709:PlayStation Now
3694:
3686:
3681:FeliCa Networks
3664:
3546:
3480:8 channel films
3331:
3324:
3233:
3212:
3203:
3198:
3168:
3163:
3147:
3116:
3080:Blu-ray players
3075:
3060:(BD and HD DVD)
3035:Copy prevention
3030:
3014:
2968:
2947:
2916:
2859:
2856:
2826:
2821:
2805:
2769:
2666:
2659:
2638:
2602:
2566:
2552:819 line system
2543:
2542:
2534:
2515:1440p (Quad HD)
2510:1080p (Full HD)
2505:1080i (Full HD)
2488:
2462:
2459:
2429:
2424:
2391:
2360:
2292:
2240:
2221:
2203:
2154:High Definition
2149:
2107:
2071:
1993:
1932:High Definition
1926:
1885:Digital Betacam
1847:
1633:
1628:
1576:
1566:
1549:
1546:
1544:Further reading
1541:
1533:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1506:
1503:"CNN.com Video"
1501:
1500:
1496:
1488:
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1377:
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1372:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1333:greentreeav.com
1326:
1325:
1321:
1317:Ward 2001, p.30
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1298:scenesavers.com
1293:
1289:
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1105:
1099:
1010:
1009:
1008:
998:
991:
988:
979:
976:
967:
964:
948:Muammar Gaddafi
850:
849:
848:
838:
831:
828:
819:
816:
807:
804:
795:
792:
740:component video
699:Digital Betacam
696:
695:
694:
684:
682:Digital Betacam
633:
626:
620:
611:
608:
599:
596:
587:
584:
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563:
560:
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536:
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491:
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414:
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402:
394:composite video
301:component video
294:
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184:
179:
152:
122:
108:
67:
39:
36:
35:camcorder line.
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3977:
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3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3751:Former/Defunct
3744:
3743:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3700:
3698:
3688:
3687:
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3678:
3672:
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3509:
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3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:HDCAM/HDCAM-SR
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
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3321:
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3267:
3252:
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3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3152:HD DVD players
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3076:
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3073:
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3061:
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3049:
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3036:
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3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
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2987:
2982:
2976:
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2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2949:
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2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2902:MUSE LaserDisc
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:
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2777:
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2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:Super Audio CD
2742:
2737:
2735:MUSE LaserDisc
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2671:
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2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2637:
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2631:
2626:
2621:
2619:Surround sound
2616:
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2603:
2601:
2600:
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2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2256:Media agnostic
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
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2222:
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2176:
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2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2057:
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2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1897:Digital-S (D9)
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
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1845:
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1587:
1582:
1575:
1574:External links
1572:
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1209:
1207:
1204:
1197:
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1192:
1185:
1098:
1097:HDCAM/HDCAM SR
1095:
1073:good shot mark
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
994:
993:
992:
989:
982:
980:
977:
970:
968:
965:
958:
930:, San Diego's
901:good shot mark
894:online editing
846:
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833:
832:
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796:
793:
786:
780:coaxial wiring
692:
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632:
629:
628:
627:
622:Three VTRs on
621:
614:
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410:
404:
403:
401:
398:
330:based format.
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
234:magnetic tapes
189:
188:
178:August 7, 1982
176:
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156:
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147:
138:
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3385:Dream Machine
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3287:
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3282:
3278:
3277:Sony Pictures
3275:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3265:Entertainment
3263:
3262:
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3258:
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3144:
3143:Xbox Series X
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:PlayStation 5
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:PlayStation 4
3105:
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3098:
3097:PlayStation 3
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3082:
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3048:, and HD DVD)
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2952:Interactivity
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2872:
2871:Archival Disc
2869:
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2864:Media formats
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2675:Archival Disc
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2544:(All defunct)
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1453:9781136024184
1449:
1446:. CRC Press.
1445:
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1415:9781136047701
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1158:MPEG-4 Part 2
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1060:by way of an
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760:digital audio
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750:(720Ă—486) or
749:
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630:
625:
624:19-inch racks
618:
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582:
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541:
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246:video editing
243:
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218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:videocassette
195:
182:
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160:
157:
149:
146:
142:
139:
137:
133:
130:
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119:
116:
113:
105:
102:
98:
97:Digital video
94:
90:
87:
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
65:
59:
54:
50:
45:
34:
30:
19:
3873:Other assets
3750:
3502:Tunnel diode
3430:Memory Stick
3425:LocationFree
3344:
3330:Technologies
3224:Masaru Ibuka
2755:Uncompressed
2665:HD media and
1799:
1710:Cartrivision
1551:
1531:the original
1518:
1507:. Retrieved
1497:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1442:
1405:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1384:TM Broadcast
1383:
1373:
1361:
1332:
1322:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:
1259:
1231:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1107:
1106:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1050:
1020:
1019:
926:, Atlanta's
921:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
883:
879:
871:
867:
852:
851:
773:
746:sampling in
727:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:
665:
634:
472:
464:
460:
452:
448:
435:
421:
417:
415:
390:
386:
374:
359:
339:
332:
312:
308:
295:
269:
254:
250:
214:
209:
204:in 1982. In
193:
192:
180:
129:Helical scan
115:Helical scan
3731:Crunchyroll
3669:Electronics
3507:TransferJet
3497:Sony Tablet
3460:PlayStation
3306:PlayStation
3229:Akio Morita
3102:Sony BDP-S1
2810:Deployments
2786:DisplayPort
2667:compression
2493:Resolutions
2366:Solid state
2204: 2006
2108: 1996
2018:Phonovision
1976:D6 HDTV VTR
1716:Philips VCR
1556:Focal Press
1122:and 23.976
952:Sara Sidner
426:TV stations
305:chrominance
3948:Categories
3933:Sony timer
3789:Funimation
3375:Cyber-shot
3332:and brands
3270:Publishing
3138:Xbox One X
3133:Xbox One S
3019:Comparison
3000:HD DVD-RAM
2774:Connectors
1903:Betacam SX
1812:Betacam SP
1776:Video 2000
1656:Quadruplex
1509:2020-11-28
1252:References
1142:storage).
1101:See also:
1046:SMPTE 356M
1034:intraframe
875:Chroma-key
853:Betacam SX
836:Betacam SX
734:compressed
713:or simply
671:Thomson SA
418:Betacam SP
400:Betacam SP
206:colloquial
72:Media type
18:Betacam SX
3836:Sony DADC
3814:Minisodes
3696:platforms
3633:FD series
3628:Trinitron
3588:Jumbotron
3578:Sony CLIÉ
3340:α (Alpha)
3294:Sony Bank
3289:Sony Life
3005:HD DVD-RW
2943:HVD Forum
2781:Component
2700:DVD-Audio
2500:720p (HD)
2407:Kinescope
2337:AVC-Intra
2304:CamCutter
2287:DVCPRO HD
2054:Laserfilm
2036:LaserDisc
2003:Videodisc
1940:Sony HDVS
1639:Videotape
1223:Footnotes
758:-encoded
744:YUV 4:2:2
416:In 1987,
381:Plumbicon
355:camcorder
349:), or on
230:camcorder
181:Lifespan:
151:Developed
125:mechanism
111:mechanism
33:Betamovie
3784:AnimeLab
3655:Watchman
3527:Vision-S
3435:MiniDisc
3405:Handycam
3217:Founders
3112:Xbox One
3092:PowerDVD
3064:ROM Mark
2995:HD DVD-R
2921:Promoter
2467:Concepts
2297:Tapeless
2281:DVCPRO50
2060:CD Video
2024:Ampex-HS
1988:HDCAM SR
1952:BCH 1000
1915:MPEG IMX
1909:Digital8
1389:July 29,
1366:BME 1987
1237:M-Format
1146:HDCAM SR
1136:CineAlta
1062:Ethernet
1042:timecode
1038:CCIR 601
1021:MPEG IMX
996:MPEG IMX
764:timecode
719:Montreux
703:DigiBeta
649:Quantegy
328:cassette
282:Variants
236:, while
175:Released
136:Standard
84:Encoding
78:, ½-inch
3859:(39.4%)
3809:Crackle
3794:Wakanim
3759:PlayNow
3726:SonyLIV
3645:U-matic
3608:Optiarc
3583:Discman
3573:Betamax
3563:CV-2000
3532:Walkman
3455:PlayNow
3445:MicroMV
3355:Blu-ray
3345:Betacam
3318:Aniplex
3210:History
3070:Cinavia
2964:BD-Java
2876:Blu-ray
2685:Blu-ray
2583:DMB-T/H
2415:(1950s)
2386:MicroP2
2307:Editcam
2249:Virtual
2101:MiniDVD
2089:MovieCD
2076:Digital
1921:MicroMV
1853:Digital
1830:S-VHS-C
1800:Betacam
1734:Betamax
1704:U-matic
1686:CV-2000
1129:AES/EBU
932:KFMB-TV
917:azimuth
886:dubbing
869:heads.
737:digital
550:duopoly
544:KRBC-TV
540:KTAB-TV
444:ED Beta
422:Beta SP
377:Saticon
335:Betamax
324:U-Matic
320:Betamax
257:U-Matic
210:Betacam
194:Betacam
64:Betamax
42:Betacam
29:Betamax
3865:(4.9%)
3613:Qualia
3598:Mavica
3542:Xperia
3470:S/PDIF
3465:Reader
3440:MiniDV
3420:Inzone
3415:HMZ-T1
3400:FeliCa
3360:Bravia
2892:HD DVD
2883:(CBHD)
2730:MPEG-2
2725:HD VMD
2720:HD DVD
2557:HD MAC
2421:(1967)
2409:(1947)
2388:(2012)
2382:(2007)
2376:(2004)
2357:(2012)
2351:(2009)
2349:iFrame
2345:(2007)
2339:(2006)
2333:(2006)
2327:(2005)
2321:(2004)
2319:GBA-TV
2315:(2003)
2309:(1995)
2289:(2000)
2283:(1997)
2277:(1996)
2271:(1995)
2269:DVCPRO
2265:(1995)
2237:(2016)
2218:(2008)
2212:(2007)
2197:MiniBD
2193:(2006)
2187:(2006)
2185:HD DVD
2181:(2006)
2175:(2004)
2169:(2003)
2163:(1994)
2146:(2005)
2140:(2004)
2134:(2003)
2128:(2003)
2122:(1998)
2116:(1998)
2097:(1996)
2091:(1996)
2085:(1993)
2068:(1990)
2062:(1987)
2056:(1984)
2050:(1983)
2044:(1981)
2038:(1978)
2032:(1975)
2026:(1967)
2020:(1927)
2011:Analog
1990:(2003)
1984:(2003)
1978:(2000)
1972:(1998)
1966:(1997)
1960:(1994)
1954:(1992)
1948:(1984)
1942:(1984)
1923:(2001)
1917:(2000)
1911:(1999)
1905:(1996)
1899:(1995)
1893:(1994)
1887:(1993)
1881:(1992)
1875:(1991)
1869:(1988)
1863:(1986)
1844:(1998)
1838:(1989)
1832:(1987)
1826:(1987)
1820:(1986)
1814:(1986)
1808:(1985)
1806:Video8
1802:(1982)
1796:(1982)
1790:(1982)
1784:(1980)
1778:(1980)
1772:(1979)
1766:(1977)
1760:(1976)
1754:(1976)
1752:Type C
1748:(1976)
1746:Type B
1742:(1975)
1736:(1975)
1730:(1974)
1724:(1974)
1722:V-Cord
1718:(1972)
1712:(1972)
1706:(1971)
1700:(1969)
1698:EIAJ-1
1694:(1967)
1688:(1965)
1682:(1965)
1680:Type A
1676:(1961)
1670:(1961)
1664:(1958)
1658:(1956)
1648:Analog
1562:
1450:
1412:
1303:13 May
1275:13 May
1154:HD-SDI
928:WSB-TV
857:MPEG-2
707:D-Beta
641:Maxell
298:analog
240:sized
153:
123:
109:
3921:Other
3853:(50%)
3683:(57%)
3623:TR-55
3618:Rolly
3593:Lissa
3537:XDCAM
3395:Exmor
3350:Bionz
3044:(BD,
3010:W-VHS
2990:D-VHS
2985:BD-RE
2912:W-VHS
2887:D-VHS
2765:W-VHS
2715:H.266
2710:H.265
2705:H.264
2695:D-VHS
2607:Audio
2598:SBTVD
2331:AVCHD
2313:XDCAM
2275:DVCAM
1970:D-VHS
1964:HDCAM
1958:W-VHS
1946:UniHi
1824:S-VHS
1788:VHS-C
1534:(PDF)
1527:(PDF)
1505:. CNN
1489:(PDF)
1353:(PDF)
1294:(PDF)
1140:flash
1116:1080i
1108:HDCAM
1103:HDCAM
1087:XDCAM
1027:uses
890:heads
860:4:2:2
667:Ampex
657:EMTEC
645:Ampex
366:"MII"
225:HDCAM
208:use,
165:Usage
121:Write
3863:Vaio
3660:WEGA
3650:Vaio
3603:NEWS
3558:AIBO
3517:Vaio
3492:SXRD
3475:SDDS
3450:mylo
3380:Dash
3370:Cell
3201:Sony
3072:(BD)
3066:(BD)
3058:HDCP
3054:(BD)
3042:AACS
2980:BD-R
2796:HDMI
2760:VC-1
2690:CBHD
2593:ISDB
2578:ATSC
2355:XAVC
2120:SVCD
1842:Ruvi
1692:Akai
1662:VERA
1560:ISBN
1448:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1391:2023
1305:2023
1277:2023
1085:The
1053:SDTI
944:KSTS
942:and
940:KNTV
934:and
748:NTSC
715:Digi
659:and
653:BASF
637:Fuji
546:, a
364:and
347:NTSC
313:true
202:Sony
159:Sony
107:Read
89:NTSC
3799:VRV
3568:DAT
3512:UMD
3390:DVD
3052:BD+
3046:FVD
2801:VGA
2791:DVI
2740:MVC
2680:AV1
2655:HDV
2650:DCI
2634:DTS
2629:DXD
2624:DSD
2588:DVB
2380:SxS
2343:TOD
2325:MOD
2179:VMD
2144:FVD
2138:UMD
2126:EVD
2114:CVD
2095:DVD
2083:VCD
2066:VSD
2048:VHD
2042:CED
2030:TeD
1982:HDV
1879:DCT
1836:Hi8
1818:MII
1782:CVC
1770:SVR
1758:VHS
1740:IVC
1241:NBC
1150:RGB
1124:PsF
1120:24p
936:NBC
924:CTV
919:.
776:SDI
756:PCM
752:PAL
730:DCT
711:DBC
675:BTS
431:PAL
370:VHS
362:"M"
351:PAL
343:VCR
93:PAL
3950::
3857:M3
3365:CD
2374:P2
2263:DV
2201:c.
2105:c.
1891:D5
1873:D3
1867:D2
1861:D1
1764:VK
1728:VX
1558:.
1554:.
1470:.
1424:^
1382:.
1341:^
1331:.
1296:.
1268:.
1179:HQ
1175:SQ
1112:HD
1093:.
1058:IP
896:.
877:.
723:D1
709:,
705:,
673:,
669:,
661:3M
651:,
643:,
639:,
458:.
433:.
155:by
143:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
3742:)
3193:e
3186:t
3179:v
2851:e
2844:t
2837:v
2454:e
2447:t
2440:v
2206:)
2199:(
2110:)
2103:(
1794:M
1623:e
1616:t
1609:v
1568:.
1512:.
1491:.
1474:.
1418:.
1393:.
1355:.
1335:.
1307:.
1279:.
732:-
655:/
647:/
542:/
20:)
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