31:
284:) and climbs to Beit Ur al-Tahta (1,210 ft.). It then ascends along the ridge, with valleys lying to north and south, and reaches Beit Ur al-Fauqa (2,022 ft.). Al-tahta means 'the lower', and al-fauqa (fawqa) means 'the upper' in Arabic.
84:
sometimes distinguishes between the two towns—Upper and Lower
Bethoron—it often refers to both simply as Bethoron. The towns are mentioned in the Bible and in other ancient sources: Upper Bethoron appears in
799:
An
Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II
846:
125:, which preserve the ancient names. Archaeological evidence suggests that Lower Bethoron was established first, as the earliest potsherds discovered there date back to the
1157:
1127:
328:). The borderline passed alongside the two Bethorons (Joshua 16:5; 21:22) who belonged to the latter Israelite tribe and therefore, later on, to the
393:). Solomon "built Beth-horon the upper, and Beth-horon the nether, fortified cities, with walls, gates, and bars" (2 Chronicles 8:5; 1 Kings 9:17).
931:
768:
698:
670:
1152:
69:
203:
504:
176:
171:
162:
159:
155:
173:
1091:
1078:
803:
168:
165:
156:
152:
100:
374:
via the route passing through Beth-Horon (1 Samuel 13:18), sending a company of their men to hold "the way of Beth-horon".
702:
456:
107:
359:(Joshua 10:5-11). According to the Bible, when Joshua defeated the Amorite kings, "he killed a large number of them at
329:
276:
The biblical "way of Beth-horon", also known as "the ascent of Beth-horon", is a pass which ascends from the plain of
515:
592:
460:
665:. Historical dictionaries of ancient civilizations and historical eras. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 81.
1147:
1142:
523:
511:
232:
595:
wrote that changes in the main road to
Jerusalem had left the Bethoron route "forsaken" and "almost forgotten".
93:
89:
987:
954:
551:(late 4th to early 5th centuries) noted that Bethoron was just a little village at his time. In his eulogy for
1011:
100 Decisive
Battles from Ancient Times to the Present: The World's Major Battles and How They Shaped History
965:
473:
487:, that they might work malice upon ("vex") Israel" (1 Macc. 9:50–51). Later, the Jews fortified it against
424:
416:
57:
30:
419:. The Second Book of Chronicles mentions Beth-Horon in the context of disbanded Israelite mercenaries in
360:
295:, which follows the crest of the central mountain range of Samaria in the north and Judah in the south.
292:
113:
The ancient towns of Upper
Bethoron and Lower Bethoron are identified respectively with the present-day
73:
976:
923:
998:
444:
772:
706:
605:
343:
According to biblical records, these cities were conquered by the
Israelites under the leadership of
192:
841:
580:
480:
97:
80:
road. They served as strategic points along the road, guarding the "ascent of
Bethoron". While the
51:
1035:
807:
851:
749:
281:
236:
1074:
1023:
666:
317:
287:
The ascent is an ancient east-west trade route connecting two broadly north-south routes, the
741:
572:
568:
420:
333:
321:
261:
257:
199:
122:
118:
627:
onward were discovered at Lower Beit Ur, whereas those in Upper Beit Ur date only from the
555:, he describes Lower and Upper Bethoron as cities founded by Solomon and destroyed by war.
1128:
Israel
Antiquities Authority report on the discovery of a burial cave in Beit 'Ur al-Tahta
448:
126:
42:
797:
519:
492:
378:
337:
309:
249:
86:
1053:
1136:
825:
77:
483:
repaired Beth-horon "with high walls, with gates and with bars and in them he set a
1064:
827:
Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques
Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 2
564:
114:
81:
1068:
616:
552:
367:
104:
943:
912:
901:
879:
390:
386:
890:
868:
624:
599:
542:
488:
412:
313:
253:
1106:
1093:
325:
464:
452:
288:
17:
628:
620:
619:
finds indicate that the lower town was established before the upper one.
583:
name, and have been identified as the sites of Upper and Lower
Bethoron.
534:
484:
468:
440:
405:
356:
348:
130:
855:
401:
382:
277:
753:
576:
548:
352:
344:
244:
224:
400:
sources it appears that Bethoron was one of the places conquered by
745:
436:
397:
239:
29:
371:
351:
kings near Gibeon and pursued them southward past Beth-Horon to
602:
was founded in 1977 on a site adjacent to the two Arab towns.
252:. The city is mentioned among the cities and towns smitten by
363:, and chased them by the way of the 'Ascent of Beth-horon'".
514:
in the year 66 CE, the first decisive Jewish victory in the
411:
According to 1 Chronicles 7:24, Lower Bethoron was built by
847:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
732:
John Gray (January 1949). "The Canaanite God Horon".
129:, while those from the upper town originate from the
844:(December 1941). "The Egypto-Canaanite God Haurôn".
144:
1070:Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, B-C
928:Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern
771:. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum. Archived from
332:, while the tribe of Benjamin belonged to the
977:Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews Bk12 Ch10:5
304:Iron Age: in the Bible and contemporary texts
8:
1013:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 71.
381:as one of the cities built and fortified by
819:
817:
291:along the Mediterranean coastline, and the
791:
789:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
148:
1060:, Orr, James, retrieved December 9, 2005.
1058:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
308:Upper Bethoron is first mentioned in the
467:, was defeated and slain (1 Macc. 7:39;
423:'s army who looted towns in Judah "from
231:) is derived from the name of an
663:Historical dictionary of ancient Israel
640:
727:
725:
723:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
545:describes them as 'little hamlets.'
427:to Beth-Horon" (2 Chronicles 25:13).
377:Upper Bethoron is later mentioned in
370:chose to launch their attack against
7:
1158:Ancient Jewish settlements of Judaea
312:as a city on the border between the
340:(Joshua 21:22; 2 Chronicles 6:53).
46:
608:follows part of the ancient road.
530:Late Roman & Byzantine periods
25:
541:mentions the 'twin villages' and
336:. One or both of the towns was a
34:Upper Bethoron, drawing from 1880
447:was defeated here in 166 BCE by
68:, were two neighboring towns in
734:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
767:Eugenio Alliata (2000-12-19).
697:Eugenio Alliata (2000-12-19).
1:
703:Studium Biblicum Franciscanum
796:Wallis Budge, E. A. (1920).
661:Lemche, Niels Peter (2004).
1052:Masterman, E. W. G. (1915).
227:name Bethoron (Beit Horon,
1174:
1153:Geography of the West Bank
598:The Israeli settlement of
593:Palestine Exploration Fund
330:Northern Kingdom of Israel
92:, Lower Bethoron in Joshua
61:
56:'house of Horon';
228:
824:Gauthier, Henri (1925).
567:Arab Muslim villages of
347:, who defeated the five
503:There are traces of an
204:3rd Intermediate Period
1073:. Vol. 2. BRILL.
516:First Jewish–Roman War
417:Beriah, son of Ephraim
35:
1107:31.87722°N 35.11861°E
988:1 Maccabees 9:50–9:51
955:1 Maccabees 3:13–3:24
293:Way of the Patriarchs
33:
769:"Bethoron (Bayt Ur)"
699:"Bethoron (Bayt Ur)"
512:battle of Beth Horon
505:ancient Roman paving
457:Battle of Beth Horon
272:Ascent of Beth-horon
103:, and the ascent in
1103: /
250:Ugaritic literature
1112:31.87722; 35.11861
1034:Guérin, 1868, pp.
518:the Roman general
463:, retreating from
459:. Six years later
431:Hellenistic period
282:Ayalon-Canada Park
208:(1069–664 BC)
72:, situated on the
36:
1022:Sharon, 1999, p.
944:1 Chronicles 7:24
902:2 Chronicles 8:59
880:2 Chronicles 6:53
672:978-0-8108-4848-1
526:before the Jews.
391:2 Chronicles 8:59
221:
220:
209:
184:
183:
180:
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55:
16:(Redirected from
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1148:Tribe of Ephraim
1143:Levitical cities
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966:1 Maccabees 7:39
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930:(in German), p.
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793:
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718:
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714:
705:. Archived from
694:
677:
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658:
573:Beit Ur et-Tahta
569:Beit Ur el-Fauqa
455:3:13–24) in the
334:Kingdom of Judah
262:Temple of Karnak
230:
207:
149:
145:
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123:Beit Ur al-Tahta
119:Beit Ur al-Fauqa
115:Palestinian Arab
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589:
561:
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524:headlong flight
507:still visible.
501:
449:Judas Maccabeus
433:
306:
301:
274:
248:, mentioned in
206:
190:
172:
139:
127:Late Bronze Age
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1122:External links
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623:from the Late
617:Archaeological
613:
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522:was driven in
520:Cestius Gallus
500:
497:
477:Bk12 Ch10:5.)
432:
429:
415:, daughter of
404:of Egypt from
366:Later on, the
338:Levitical city
310:Book of Joshua
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189:bꜣtꜣ(j) ḥwꜣrwn
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591:In 1915, the
587:Modern period
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584:
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575:preserve the
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559:Arab villages
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58:Ancient Greek
53:
44:
40:
32:
27:Biblical town
19:
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1057:
1046:Bibliography
1030:
1018:
1010:
1005:
994:
983:
972:
961:
950:
939:
927:
919:
913:1 Kings 9:17
908:
897:
891:Joshua 10:10
886:
875:
869:Judges 21:22
864:
850:(84): 7–12.
845:
836:
830:. p. 9.
826:
798:
777:. Retrieved
773:the original
762:
740:(1): 27–34.
737:
733:
711:. Retrieved
707:the original
662:
615:
604:
597:
590:
562:
547:
538:
533:
509:
502:
499:Roman period
479:
472:
434:
410:
395:
387:1 Kings 9:17
376:
365:
342:
307:
286:
275:
266:Batae Houarn
265:
243:
222:
117:villages of
112:
98:1 Chronicles
82:Hebrew Bible
65:
47:בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן
38:
37:
1110: /
804:John Murray
612:Archaeology
606:Highway 443
565:Palestinian
553:Saint Paula
539:Onomasticon
474:Antiquities
368:Philistines
326:Joshua 16:5
258:inscription
193:hieroglyphs
105:I Maccabees
1137:Categories
1095:31°52′38″N
1080:9004110836
1054:BETH-HORON
806:. p.
779:2007-09-12
713:2007-09-12
635:References
625:Bronze Age
600:Beit Horon
543:St. Jerome
489:Holofernes
443:) general
389:, also in
316:tribes of
254:Sheshonq I
96:, both in
66:Beth-Horon
18:Beth-Horon
621:Potsherds
581:Canaanite
481:Bacchides
465:Jerusalem
314:Israelite
289:Via Maris
237:Canaanite
229:בית חורון
137:Etymology
1098:35°7′7″E
1067:(1999).
926:(1893).
631:onward.
629:Iron Age
563:The two
535:Eusebius
495:4:4–5).
485:garrison
469:Josephus
441:Seleucid
406:Rehoboam
398:Egyptian
357:Makkedah
318:Benjamin
133:onward.
131:Iron Age
64:), also
39:Bethoron
856:1355138
510:In the
461:Nicanor
453:1 Macc.
425:Samaria
421:Amaziah
413:She'era
402:Shishak
383:Solomon
379:2 Kings
349:Amorite
322:Ephraim
299:History
278:Aijalon
260:at the
256:in his
78:Aijalon
62:Ὡρωνείν
54:
1077:
934:; etc.
854:
754:542437
752:
669:
577:Hebrew
549:Jerome
493:Judith
437:Syrian
361:Gibeon
353:Azekah
345:Joshua
233:Egypto
225:Hebrew
87:Joshua
74:Gibeon
43:Hebrew
852:JSTOR
750:JSTOR
445:Seron
396:From
280:(now
245:Horon
240:deity
1075:ISBN
1038:-344
667:ISBN
571:and
435:The
372:Saul
355:and
320:and
223:The
121:and
52:lit.
1036:343
1024:165
932:166
808:978
742:doi
264:as
200:Era
191:in
1139::
1056:.
816:^
802:.
788:^
748:.
736:.
722:^
701:.
681:^
643:^
537:'
471:,
408:.
268:.
242:,
202::
110:.
60::
49:,
45::
1083:.
858:.
810:.
782:.
756:.
744::
738:8
716:.
675:.
579:–
491:(
451:(
439:(
385:(
324:(
235:-
76:–
41:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
