72:
216:), a leading drink packaging and drink can producer. The popularity of canned drinks was slow to catch on, as the metallic taste was difficult to overcome with the interior liner not perfected, especially with more acidic sodas. Cans had two advantages over glass bottles. First for the distributors, flat-top cans were more compact for transportation and storage and weighed less than bottles. Second for consumers, they did not require the deposit typically paid for bottles, as they were discarded after use. Glass-bottle deposits were reimbursed when consumers took the empties back to the store.
185:
1160:
can, and then crimped in two operations. A seaming head engages the lid from above while a seaming roller to the side curls the edge of the lid around the edge of the can body. The head and roller spin the can in a complete circle to seal all the way around. Then a pressure roller with a different profile drives the two edges together under pressure to make a gas-tight seal. Filled cans usually have pressurized gas inside, which makes them stiff enough for easy handling. Without the riveted tab the scored section of the can's end would be impossible to lift from the can.
1181:
1343:
1208:
to the center of the top, which created an elongated opening large enough that one hole simultaneously served to let the drink flow out while air flowed in. Previously, while on a family picnic, Mr. Fraze had forgotten to bring a can opener and was forced to use a car bumper to open a can of beer. Thinking there must be an easier way, he stayed up all night until he came up with the pull tab. Pull-tab cans, or the discarded tabs from them, were colloquially called "pop-tops".
596:, standard cans are 330 ml (reduced in the early 2000s from the up-until-then ubiquitous 340 ml) and the promotional size is 440 ml. There is also the 500 ml can. A smaller 200 ml can is used for "mixers" such as tonic or soda water. It has a smaller diameter than the other cans. In September 2018, a 300 ml can was introduced as an alternative to the 330 ml can in a continued effort to reduce the amount of sugar consumed in soft drinks.
1361:
1709:
64:
1544:
800:, the standard can size is 12 US fl oz or 355 ml. The US standard can is 4.83 in or 12.3 cm high, 2.13 in or 5.41 cm in diameter at the lid, and 2.6 in or 6.60 cm in diameter at the widest point of the body. Also available are 16 US fl oz or 473 ml cans (known as tallboys or, referring to the weight, "pounders"), and 18 US fl oz or 532 ml.
656:
4682:
1245:
1099:
967:
252:
220:
1173:
1404:
899:
1028:
1632:
816:(341 ml), later redefined and labelled as 341 ml in 1980. This size was commonly used with steel drink cans in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the US standard 355 ml can size was standardized in the 1980s and 1990s upon the conversion from steel to aluminum. Some drinks, such as Nestea, are sold in 341 ml cans.
168:
was the first brewery outside the US to commercially can beer. Prior to this time, beer had been available only in barrels or in glass bottles. From this time, lightweight tin cans could be used. Felinfoel was a major supplier to
British armed forces abroad in the Second World War. Cans saved a great
1163:
Can filling lines come in different line speeds from 15,000 cans per hour (cph) up to 120,000 cph or more, all with different levels of automation. For example, lid feeding alone starts with manual debagging onto a simple v-chute connected to the seamer up to fully automated processes with automatic
929:
In 2001, the
Australian Aluminium Council reported that the average Australian-size can weighed approximately 14.9 grams (0.53 oz). Improved manufacturing techniques had allowed Australian manufacturers to reduce metal requirements from the 1992 average of 16.55 grams (0.584 oz). In 2011,
684:, beer cans are 320 ml. For soft drinks in both Malaysia and Singapore, the most commonly found cans are 300 ml for non-carbonated drinks and 325 ml for carbonated drinks. Larger 330 ml/350 ml cans are limited to imported drinks which usually cost a lot more than local ones.
1609:
The beverage container can be recycled, and clean aluminum has residual market value, but recycled cans still need to be diluted by up to 50% virgin aluminum because the sides and tops of the can are of different alloys. The acronym UBC, for used beverage container, is employed by such companies as
1219:
cans in the mid-1970s, the push-tab was a raised circular scored area used in place of the pull-tab. It needed no ring to pull up; instead, the raised aluminum blister was pushed down into the can using one finger. A small unscored section of the tab prevented it from detaching and falling into the
1211:
Into the 1970s the pull-tab was widely popular, but its popularity came with the problem of people frequently simply discarding the pull-tabs on the ground, creating a potential injury risk especially to the feet or fingers. In the 1960s, at least one inventor attempted to solve the litter problem,
1207:
devised a can-opening method that would come to dominate the canned drink market. His invention was the "pull-tab". This eliminated the need for a separate opener tool by attaching an aluminum pull-ring lever with a rivet to a pre-scored wedge-shaped tab section of the can top. The ring was riveted
937:
can be recovered by turning in empty plastic, glass, and aluminum containers. Scrap metal dealers often purchase aluminum cans in bulk, even when deposits are not offered. Aluminum is one of the most cost-effective materials to recycle. When recycled without other metals being mixed in, the can–lid
1415:
was awarded the patent for a "Lid closure for can containers". Bajada's invention was the first design to keep the opening tab connected to the lid of the can, preventing it from falling into the contents of the can. His patent expired in 1975 and has been directly cited in the mechanisms used by
1159:
Cans are filled before the top is crimped on by seamers. To speed up the production process filling and sealing operations need to be extremely precise. The filling head centers the can using gas pressure, purges the air, and lets the drink flow down the sides of the can. The lid is placed on the
2717:
1061:
to give it strength and formability. The flat blank is first formed into a cup about three inches in diameter. This cup is then pushed through a different forming process called "ironing" which forms the can. The bottom of the can is also shaped at this time. The malleable metal deforms into the
1622:
Most large companies serve their beverages in printed cans, where designs are printed on the aluminum and then crafted into a can. Alternatively, cans can be wrapped with a plastic design, mimicking the printed can but allowing for more flexibility than printed cans. A modern-day trend in craft
1534:
in the 1970s. They have since been replaced with pull tabs. Used in
Australia, locally known as "pop-tops", for soft drinks from 1977 to the early 1980s. However, Heineken Brewery did bring back press- or push button cans on the market in Europe as a short-lived marketing strategy in the 1990s.
145:. Not long after that, sodas, with their higher acidity and somewhat higher pressures, were available in cans. The key development for storing drinks in cans was the interior liner, typically plastic or sometimes a waxy substance, that helped to keep the product's flavor from being ruined by a
1522:
drink. The consumer would open the can by depressing both buttons, which would result in two holes. The small hole would act as a vent to relieve internal pressure so the larger button could then be pressed down to create the hole used for consuming the drink. Consumers could also easily cut
1224:
problem of the pull-tab, they created a safety hazard where the person's finger upon pushing the tab into the can was immediately exposed to the sharp edges of the opening. A feature of the push-tab Coors Beer cans was that they had a second, smaller, push-tab at the top as an airflow vent.
1997:
1225:"Push-tabs" were introduced into Australia from around 1977 and were locally known as "pop-tops", before being replaced later by the Stay-on-tab. The safety and litter problems were eventually solved later in the 1970s with Daniel F. Cudzik's invention of the non-removing "Stay-Tab".
181:", that latched onto the top rim for leverage; lifting the handle would force the sharp tip through the top of the can, cutting a triangular hole. A smaller second hole was usually punched at the opposite side of the top to admit air while pouring, allowing the liquid to flow freely.
708:, 250 ml cans are the most common for soft drinks, but when accompanying take-out food (such as pizza or chicken), a short 245 ml can is standard. Recently, some 355 ml cans which are similar to North American cans are increasingly available, but are limited mostly to
1037:
1647:
in the late 1970s and 1990s. However, the hobby waned rapidly in popularity. The Beer Can
Collectors of America (BCCA), founded in 1970, was an organization supporting the hobby, but has now renamed itself Brewery Collectibles Club of America to be more modern.
1031:
2721:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1029:
840:, a new standard for carbonated drinks has been added, as some grocery stores now only sell cans of all major carbonated drinks in six-packs of 222 ml cans. Many convenience stores also began selling "slim cans" with a 310 ml capacity in 2015.
1036:
1489:
The Stay-On-Tab (SOT) opening system resolved the ecological problem of the previous pull-tab system. It opened up another issue, still unresolved today, about hygiene: today the outside panel of the tab goes inside the can, sinking in the liquid.
949:. Despite this coating, trace amounts of aluminum can be degraded into the liquid, the amount depending on factors such as storage temperature and liquid composition. Chemical compounds used in the internal coating of the can include types of
200:", as their tops had a conical taper up to the smaller diameter of the cap. Cone top cans were sealed by the same crimped caps that were put on bottles, and could be opened with the same bottle-opener tool. There were three types of conetops:
2505:
1033:
2486:
2562:
176:
Canned drinks were factory-sealed and required a special opener tool in order to consume the contents. Cans were typically formed as cylinders, having a flat top and bottom. They required a can piercer, colloquially known as a
2543:
2524:
1199:
As early as 1922, inventors were applying for patents on cans with tab tops, but the technology of the time made these inventions impractical. Later advancements saw the ends of the can made out of aluminum instead of steel.
1853:
212:. The low profile and j-spout were the earliest, dating from about 1935. The "crowntainer" was a different type of can that was drawn steel with a bottom cap. These were developed by Crown Cork & Seal (now known as
2614:
1651:
As of late 2009, membership in the
Brewery Collectibles Club of America was 3,570, down from a peak of 11,954 in 1978. Just 19 of the members were under the age of 30, and the members' average age had increased to 59.
1517:
One variation was the press button can, which featured two pre-cut buttons—one small and one large—in the top of the can sealed with a plastic membrane. These buttons were held closed by the outward pressure of the
857:, the standard can size for alcoholic and soft drinks is 375 ml. Energy drinks and some soft drinks are served in 250 ml and 500 ml sizes. Some beers are produced in 330 ml and 500 ml cans.
1276:), which had a ring attached at the rivet for pulling, and which would come off completely to be discarded. He received US Patent No. 3,349,949 for his pull-top can design in 1963 and licensed his invention to
1466:
and Omar Brown. Its patent application was also filed in 1975, less than two months after the expiration of Bajada's patent. This design, like Cudzik's, uses a separate tab attached to the upper surface as a
173:(beer bottle top). From the 18th century until the early 20th century Wales dominated world tinplate production, peaking in the early 1890s when 80% of the world's tinplate was produced in south Wales.
2916:
1595:
Another variation on the drink can is to have a resealable lid. A version patented by Cogito Can in France has been used by Groupe Casino, the French grocery chain for its private label energy drink.
938:
combination is perfect for producing new stock for the main part of the can—the loss of magnesium during melting is made up for by the high magnesium content of the lid. Also, reducing ores such as
1379:
1062:
shape of an open-top can. With the sophisticated technology of the dies and the forming machines, the side of the can is thinner than either the top and bottom areas, where stiffness is required.
628:, most cans are 330 ml – in the past they were usually 355 or 350 ml. 200 ml has also become available. Some beers and coffees are, respectively, sold with 500 ml and 250 ml cans.
169:
deal of space and weight for wartime exports compared to glass bottles and did not have to be returned for refilling. These early cans did not have a pull tab, being equipped instead with a
616:
Can dimensions may be cited in metric or imperial units; imperial dimensions for can making are written as inches+sixteenths of an inch (e.g. "202" = 2 inches + 2 sixteenths).
2648:
1845:
1032:
1475:
part of the lid, which folds underneath the top of the can and out of the way of the resulting opening, thus reducing injuries and roadside litter caused by removable tabs.
1454:
1443:
1370:
2074:
3136:
2206:
Lopez, F.; Cabrera, C.; Lorenzo, M. L.; López, M. C. (2002). "Aluminum content of drinking waters, fruit juices and soft drinks: contribution to dietary intake".
1378:
67:
The stay-tab opening mechanism characteristic of most drinking cans since the mid-1980s. The 'wide-mouth' version, seen here, was introduced in the late 1990s.
4270:
2680:
1432:, filed a design patent application for an "End closure for a container". This later became known as a "Sta-Tab". When the Sta-Tab launched in 1975, on
4180:
1436:
and, quickly, other drinks, there was an initial period of consumer testing and education. Cudzik later received patents for this "Easy Open Wall" (
1196:
with a sharp point. The can was opened by punching two triangular holes in the lid—a large one for drinking, and a second smaller one to admit air.
1875:
3019:
2422:
2124:
2097:
2813:
2522:, Dalli, Alan George; Debenham, Michael & Schackleford, Ralph Edward, "Push-in easy-opening closures", issued 1976-07-20
71:
3582:
2839:
1947:
2699:
2655:
1555:
Another variation on the drink can is the "full aperture end", where the entire lid can be removed – turning an aluminum can into a cup.
3091:
2865:
1735:
914:. Steel cans often have a top made of aluminum. Beverage containers are made of two different aluminum alloys. The body is made of the
56:
4566:
4705:
4536:
3384:
3037:
2503:, Kneusel, Raymond H. P. & Potts, Vinson S., "Easy opening can end having a closure plug", issued 1977-05-24
1146:
1014:
335:
196:
In the mid-1930s, some cans were developed with caps so that they could be opened and poured more like a bottle. These were called "
2753:
2741:
1236:
boxes, or trays covered with plastic film. The entire distribution system and packaging need to be controlled to ensure freshness.
4725:
4506:
652:, 320 ml cans were introduced for domestically produced beer in 2018. Carbonated soft drink cans are typically 330 ml.
150:
828:, the standard size is 355 ml, although smaller 235 ml cans have gained popularity in the late 2010s and early 2020s.
579:
The standard size of drink cans in each country significantly varies, and various standard capacities are used internationally.
4240:
4094:
3939:
1425:
2788:
1212:
by having the tab be retained by a stationary key that would wrap the tab around itself, which was unsuccessful commercially.
4345:
1124:
992:
930:
an empty U.S.-size can weighed approximately one-half ounce (14 g), with approximately 34 per pound or 70 per kilogram.
748:
In Europe, the standard can is 330 ml, but since the 1990s 250 ml has slowly become common for energy drinks (e.g.
273:
2972:
2402:
Singh, S. P.; Gorzynski (July 1989). "Effect of
Vibration as a Cause of Leakage in aluminum Beer Cans in Palletized Loads".
1049:
process that starts with punching a flat blank from very stiff cold-rolled sheet. This sheet is typically alloy 3104-H19 or
2270:
1505:
have owned wide mouth design patent (number D385,192) since 1997. Other companies have similar designs for the wide mouth.
4456:
3409:
934:
184:
2179:
Vela, M.; Toma, R. B.; Reiboldt, W.; Pierri, A. (1998). "Detection of aluminum residue in fresh and stored canned beer".
3612:
2322:
316:
2866:"Sly Fox Beer Opens Up Flavor and Aroma with the 360 Lid | Sly Fox Beer Phoenixville & Pottstown Pennsylvania"
1493:
One of the more recent modifications to can design was the introduction of the "wide mouth" can in the late 1990s. The
4501:
4385:
3617:
3399:
752:), along with 500 ml, often used for beers and sometimes for soft drinks too (particularly in wholesale supply).
288:
1109:
977:
2917:"Apple Patents reveal how the Aluminum Unibody MacBook Enclosure is made from Recycled Pop and Beer Cans & more"
2541:, Dalli, A.; Debenham, M. & Schackleford, R., "Push-in easy-opening closures", issued 1973-09-18
4710:
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2296:
2042:
1433:
1281:
1180:
1120:
988:
269:
1128:
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910:, whereas in some parts of Europe and Asia approximately 55 percent are made of steel and 45 percent are aluminum
262:
4599:
4561:
4491:
4481:
3419:
3279:
3206:
3121:
1821:
1260:, Ontario, Canada invented the pull tab version for bottles in or before 1951 (Canadian patent 476789). In 1962,
295:
2774:
1509:'s from 2008 has a vent tube to allow direct airflow into the can reducing the number of gulps during the pour.
127:(25% worldwide production). Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year.
4486:
4355:
3954:
3374:
3344:
3234:
227:
In 1959, the recyclable aluminum can was introduced to the market in a 7 oz. size by the Adolph Coors
Company.
31:
1623:
alcohol is to design stickers to put on cans, allowing for smaller batches and quick changes for new flavors.
1164:
debagging and lid feeding of lids combined with automatic roll depalletizers for filling debaggers by robots.
4720:
4516:
4139:
4059:
3919:
3447:
3084:
2996:
1584:
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The problem of the discarded tops was initially solved by the invention of the push-tab. Used primarily on
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that converts them to easy-open ends. This press is known as a conversion press which forms an integral
942:
into aluminum requires large amounts of electricity, making recycling cheaper than producing new metal.
96:
2890:
1449:
1438:
672:, the most common sizes are 350 ml and 500 ml, while larger and smaller cans are also sold.
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can after being pushed in. Push-tabs never gained wide popularity because while they had solved the
4521:
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4129:
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3309:
1846:"Molson Coors Celebrates the 50th Anniversary of the Aluminum Can Introduced by Bill Coors in 1959"
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2120:
2114:
2093:
2050:
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189:
157:
146:
2869:
696:, the most common sizes are 250 ml and 330 ml, and 200 ml cans are also sold.
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1428:. Approximately one month after Bajada's patent expired, Daniel F. Cudzik, an engineer with
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76:
63:
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1307:
noted cases of children ingesting pull-tabs that had broken off and dropped into the can.
1273:
100:
42:
1268:, United States, invented the similar integral rivet and pull-tab version (also known as
1081:
button in the lid and scores the opening, while concurrently forming the tabs in another
2814:"AB InBev and Crown Say "Gan Bei!" to a New Packaging Format | Crown Holdings, Inc"
2219:
1972:
1900:
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27:
Container specifically made for liquid such as beverages and usually made of aluminum
2991:
2113:
Askeland, Donald R.; Haddleton, Frank; Green, Phil; Robertson, Howard (2013-11-11).
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2792:
2041:@tnichss, Tess Nichol Reporter, NZ Herald tess nichol@nzherald co nz (2017-09-21).
1713:
1681:
1568:
1265:
593:
116:
38:
2609:
2560:, Anthony, Bajada, "Lid closure for can containers", issued 1959-05-12
2538:
2519:
2500:
2484:, Anthony, Bajada, "Lid closure for can containers", issued 1958-07-08
2481:
1244:
3014:
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of
Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
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1377:
230:
In 2008, an aluminum version of the crowntainer design was adopted for packaging
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beer uses 320 ml cans for domestic sales and 330 ml cans for exports.
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2681:"Public Eye; Wide-mouth design: less glug in beer, more chug in Mountain Dew"
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95:) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as
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uses "topless" cans where the entire lid is removed when opening the can.
1319:
1315:
1188:
Early metal drink cans had no tabs; they were opened by a can-piercer or
1070:
907:
693:
681:
197:
120:
2612:, Brown, Omar L., "Easy-open ecology end", issued 1977-06-21
2446:
Burrington, JD (1976). "Aluminum "pop tops". A hazard to child health".
1777:
4205:
4200:
4149:
3859:
3607:
3462:
1769:
1311:
1046:
939:
785:
773:
749:
276: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
136:
80:
49:
37:"Pop cap" and "Pop top" redirect here. For the software companies, see
1631:
1459:). The validity of these patents was upheld in subsequent litigation.
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149:
with the metal. Another major factor for the timing was the repeal of
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75:
Can of
Belgian Pils represented on a mural of the railway station of
2378:"Ring pull can introduced in USA - Australian food history timeline"
2043:"Coke responds to can shrink story, says price decrease recommended"
906:
Most metal drink cans manufactured in the United States are made of
1948:"Teeny weeny Coca-Cola Mini Can makes its in-store Hong Kong debut"
4009:
3929:
3829:
3552:
2577:"Patent US D244915 - End closure for a container - Google Patents"
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183:
165:
70:
62:
54:
1756:
1523:
themselves on the edges of the holes or get their fingers stuck.
1288:
cans. The first soft drinks to be sold in all-aluminum cans were
945:
Aluminum cans are coated internally to protect the aluminum from
788:, energy drinks are usually sold in sizes of 200 to 330 ml.
776:, 330 ml and 440 ml fat cans are used for soft drinks.
3839:
3779:
3517:
2992:"Behold the Beer Can, Its Beauty Faded in the Eyes of the Young"
2140:
1407:
A "standard" size can open, once common in American soft drinks.
640:, 250 ml, 300 ml, 330 ml, 350 ml and 500 ml cans are available.
3073:
1478:
Such "retained ring-pull" cans supplanted pull-off tabs in the
1462:
The similarly designed "Easy-open ecology end" was invented by
3934:
3637:
3632:
3622:
3507:
3477:
3050:
1876:"Smaller soft drink sizes leave bitter taste of shrinkflation"
1644:
1421:
1092:
960:
245:
108:
1041:
Video describing the design and manufacture of aluminum cans.
141:
The first commercial beer available in cans began in 1935 in
3069:
2894:
1614:
for reference to the material of its portable laptop cases.
1359:
2629:"Patent US4030631 - Easy-open ecology end - Google Patents"
2754:"Press Button Can — A Brief History of Flat Top Beer Cans"
2366:. (Idaho). (advertisement). December 21, 1976. p. 8B.
873:
changed some of its canned drinks to 330 ml in 2017.
2931:"Canning Your Brands: Shrink Wraps & Sticker Labels"
2700:"COMPANY NEWS; REXAM TO BUY AMERICAN NATIONAL CAN GROUP"
1045:
Modern cans are generally produced through a mechanical
1073:, typically alloy 5182-H48, and transferred to another
48:"Pop can" redirects here. For the Jamaican singer, see
2973:"Brewery Collectibles Club of America - Club History"
2323:"When and why did breweries stop using pop-top cans?"
1801:"Llanelli's Felinfoel brewery pioneered beer in cans"
1284:, the latter of which first introduced the design on
764:, 440 ml is commonly used for lager and cider.
4575:
4394:
4163:
3793:
3438:
3225:
3107:
2347:
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office
2250:"Precoating of aluminum can sheet - Patent 3832962"
1730:
1728:
1635:A collection of drink cans in Dunsmuir, California
1303:The early pull-tabs detached easily. In 1976, the
3061:The Ingenious Design of the Aluminum Beverage Can
869:, the standard can size is 355 ml, although
3137:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
1184:Beer can pop-top display at a Budweiser Brewery
902:Aluminum cans pressed into blocks for recycling
30:"Beer can" redirects here. For other uses, see
2597:Reynolds Metals Co. v. Continental Group, Inc.
716:, and beer cans are available in 500 ml.
3085:
1998:"All Items | Drinks & Beverages Delivery"
1921:Wiggins, Jenny; Flood, Chris (25 July 2008).
1822:"Working Abroad - Welsh Emigration: Tinplate"
1176:Old beer can showing punches from a churchkey
8:
2868:. Slyfoxbeer.com. 2013-03-25. Archived from
2073:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4271:Hazard analysis and critical control points
2816:. Crowncork.com. 2012-10-09. Archived from
1305:Journal of the American Medical Association
1127:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
995:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3092:
3078:
3070:
2840:"Brazil Transforms Beer Can into Beer Cup"
2789:"Crown History | Crown Holdings, Inc"
1923:"Coke to shrink size of cans in Hong Kong"
1310:Full-top pull-tabs were also used in some
4181:Automatic identification and data capture
1147:Learn how and when to remove this message
1015:Learn how and when to remove this message
922:easily and the top is made of the harder
336:Learn how and when to remove this message
2116:The Science and Engineering of Materials
1559:first designed the "360 End" for use by
1526:Press button cans were used by Pepsi in
890:, the standard can size is 350 ml.
347:
2423:"Patent CA476789: Crimped cap removers"
1724:
613:, the most common size is 330 ml.
543:
2066:
1389:
1337:
1248:Old style pull-tab in use on a can of
812:, the standard size was previously 12
349:Comparison chart of various standards
2092:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 23.
1482:in 1989 for soft drinks and 1990 for
7:
3583:Flexible intermediate bulk container
3026:Fundamentals of Packaging Technology
2990:Kesmodel, David (December 9, 2009).
2297:"E. C. Fraze, 76 - Devised Pull Tab"
2208:The Science of the Total Environment
1874:Child, Katharine (25 October 2017).
1125:adding citations to reliable sources
993:adding citations to reliable sources
274:adding citations to reliable sources
1256:Mikolaj Kondakow and James Wong of
1085:from a separate strip of aluminum.
4567:Vertical form fill sealing machine
2295:Narvaez, Alfonso A. (1989-10-28).
1053:, which is aluminum with about 1%
25:
4537:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
3385:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
2720:. Patft.uspto.gov. Archived from
1065:Plain lids (known as shells) are
740:, standard cans are 330 ml.
123:(75% of worldwide production) or
4681:
4680:
4507:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
2599:, 525 F. Supp. 950, July 6, 1981
2460:10.1001/jama.1976.03260500030022
2421:Kondakow, Mikolaj (1951-09-11).
1707:
1390:Problems playing this file? See
1375:
1097:
965:
659:A small 135 ml beer can in Japan
250:
151:Prohibition in the United States
4241:Electronic article surveillance
4095:Shock and vibration data logger
3940:Linear low-density polyethylene
2791:. Crowncork.com. Archived from
2718:"United States Patent: D385192"
1856:from the original on 2012-08-19
1426:United States Steel Corporation
1371:Opening a stay-on-tab drink can
1314:and are currently used in some
261:needs additional citations for
4346:Radio-frequency identification
119:, etc. Drink cans are made of
1:
4457:Extended core stretch wrapper
3410:Single-serve coffee container
2228:10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01122-6
2193:10.1016/S0308-8146(97)00236-7
1803:. BBC News (South West Wales)
933:In many parts of the world a
3613:Insulated shipping container
2919:. Patenly Apple. March 2021.
2654:. Can Makers. Archived from
2145:Australian Aluminium Council
1901:"2-piece DWI Can Dimensions"
1530:from the 1970s to 1980s and
4502:Material-handling equipment
4386:Verification and validation
3618:Intermediate bulk container
3400:Self-heating food packaging
2698:Cowell, Alan (2000-04-04).
2679:Patton, Phil (1997-11-27).
2273:. Pssht.com. Archived from
2252:. www.freepatentsonline.com
1411:In 1958, American inventor
1228:Cans are usually in sealed
502:
499:
496:
403:
400:
397:
381:
378:
375:
4742:
4145:Time temperature indicator
1799:Prior, Neil (2015-07-12).
1602:
1282:Pittsburgh Brewing Company
134:
47:
36:
29:
4678:
4600:Environmental engineering
4562:Turntable stretch wrapper
4492:Lineshaft roller conveyor
4482:Injection molding machine
3420:Toothpaste pump dispenser
3280:Disposable food packaging
3122:Child-resistant packaging
2427:Canadian Patents Database
2404:J. Testing and Evaluation
2119:. Springer. p. 408.
2090:Canmaking For Can Fillers
1418:Crown Cork & Seal Co.
1354:
1340:
1252:in Beijing, China in 2009
540:
4706:Beer vessels and serving
4487:Label printer applicator
4356:Shearing (manufacturing)
3955:Low-density polyethylene
3375:Pharmaceutical packaging
3345:Low plastic water bottle
3235:Alternative wine closure
3056:Pull tab fundraiser myth
2382:Australian Food Timeline
2364:Lewiston Morning Tribune
2088:Turner, Terence (2001).
1192:, a device resembling a
676:Malaysia (and Singapore)
223:A pop tab from the 1970s
32:Beercan (disambiguation)
4726:Single-serve containers
4517:Orbital stretch wrapper
4140:Temperature data logger
4060:Pressure-sensitive tape
3920:Humidity indicator card
3448:Aerosol spray dispenser
2997:The Wall Street Journal
1585:Sly Fox Brewing Company
1452:, issued 1976-07-06
1441:, issued 1976-07-06
4236:Die forming (plastics)
3945:Liquid packaging board
3648:Multilayered packaging
3380:Plastic milk container
3360:Optical disc packaging
1758:Historical Archaeology
1636:
1587:in the United States.
1571:. It has been used by
1552:
1408:
1364:
1346:
1253:
1185:
1177:
1042:
903:
660:
224:
193:
192:"crowntainer" beer can
137:Tin can § History
97:carbonated soft drinks
84:
68:
60:
4665:Sustainable packaging
4615:Life-cycle assessment
4595:Closed-loop box reuse
4542:Seed-counting machine
3875:Corrugated fiberboard
3825:Biodegradable plastic
3548:Corrugated box design
3202:Sustainable packaging
3192:Shelf-ready packaging
3167:Packaging engineering
2959:"One Can, Many Beers"
2891:"accueil - COGITOcan"
2756:. Complex. 2012-06-27
2159:"Coca-Cola Recycling"
2002:Swire Coca-Cola eShop
1973:"500ML King Can Beer"
1952:Marketing-Interactive
1826:National Museum Wales
1634:
1546:
1503:Coors Brewing Company
1406:
1363:
1345:
1247:
1234:corrugated fiberboard
1183:
1175:
1040:
901:
814:Imperial fluid ounces
658:
222:
187:
74:
66:
58:
4635:PET bottle recycling
4497:Logistics automation
4025:Plastic-coated paper
3172:Resealable packaging
2846:. Beer Universe, Inc
2649:"History of the can"
1573:Anheuser-Busch InBev
1547:The Finnish brewery
1495:American Can Company
1121:improve this section
989:improve this section
270:improve this article
214:Crown Holdings, Inc.
153:at the end of 1933.
4687:Category: Packaging
4522:Packaging machinery
4331:Product development
4130:Tamper-evident band
3970:Modified atmosphere
3310:Foam food container
2220:2002ScTEn.292..205L
1605:Aluminium recycling
1565:2010 FIFA World Cup
1349:Opening a drink can
1296:, both made by the
957:Fabrication process
350:
4650:Reusable packaging
4610:Industrial ecology
4371:Ultrasonic welding
4336:Production control
4286:Injection moulding
4171:Aseptic processing
3880:Corrugated plastic
3750:Steel and tin cans
3720:Shipping container
3658:Packet (container)
3395:Seasonal packaging
3295:Evidence packaging
3275:Currency packaging
3270:Cosmetic packaging
3177:Reusable packaging
2704:The New York Times
2685:The New York Times
2302:The New York Times
1770:10.1007/BF03373561
1736:"The Canmaker FAQ"
1677:Beverage-can stove
1637:
1553:
1416:companies such as
1409:
1365:
1347:
1330:, and other cans.
1300:company, in 1964.
1254:
1186:
1178:
1168:Opening mechanisms
1043:
904:
661:
348:
225:
194:
143:Richmond, Virginia
85:
69:
61:
4711:Liquid containers
4693:
4692:
4655:Reverse logistics
4640:Plastic recycling
4512:Multihead weigher
4432:Cartoning machine
4427:Cap torque tester
4341:Quality assurance
4316:Plastic extrusion
4281:Induction sealing
4251:Extrusion coating
4110:Staple (fastener)
4080:Security printing
3915:Hot-melt adhesive
3488:Biodegradable bag
3330:Glass milk bottle
3212:Tamper resistance
3152:Package pilferage
3127:Contract packager
3020:978-0-470-08704-6
2945:"Beer can labels"
2126:978-1-4899-2895-5
2099:978-0-8493-9787-5
1880:sowetanlive.co.za
1667:Beer Can Printing
1539:Full aperture end
1401:
1400:
1380:
1262:Ermal Cleon Fraze
1157:
1156:
1149:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1017:
577:
576:
550:one imperial pint
346:
345:
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158:Felinfoel Brewery
147:chemical reaction
16:(Redirected from
4733:
4684:
4683:
4670:Waste management
4660:Source reduction
4477:Industrial robot
4381:Vacuum packaging
4306:Package tracking
4261:Glass production
4221:Corona treatment
4211:Containerization
4075:Screw cap (wine)
3990:Oxygen scavenger
3453:Aluminium bottle
3405:Screw cap (wine)
3350:Luxury packaging
3182:Reuse of bottles
3147:Package delivery
3132:Edible packaging
3117:Active packaging
3094:
3087:
3080:
3071:
3065:Prof. WS Hammack
3051:Beer can history
3002:
3001:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2975:. Archived from
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2948:
2941:
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2329:. 11 August 2019
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1714:Drink portal
1712:
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1692:Self-heating can
1513:Press button can
1507:Ball Corporation
1497:, now a part of
1484:alcoholic drinks
1458:
1457:
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101:alcoholic drinks
77:Louvain-la-Neuve
21:
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4630:Paper recycling
4625:Packaging waste
4605:Glass recycling
4577:
4571:
4527:Pallet inverter
4447:Conveyor system
4402:Barcode printer
4390:
4366:Track and trace
4321:Plastic welding
4256:Flame treatment
4226:Curtain coating
4159:
3980:Nonwoven fabric
3965:Metallised film
3870:Container glass
3797:
3795:
3789:
3765:Tub (container)
3663:Padded envelope
3434:
3260:Case-ready meat
3227:
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3157:Package testing
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1662:Beer Can Museum
1658:
1629:
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1434:Falls City beer
1430:Reynolds Metals
1397:
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1069:from a coil of
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43:PopTop Software
35:
28:
23:
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5:
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4721:Food packaging
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4590:Can collecting
4587:
4585:Biodegradation
4581:
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4557:Tape dispenser
4554:
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4407:Barcode reader
4404:
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4388:
4383:
4378:
4376:Vacuum forming
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4266:Graphic design
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Blow fill seal
4183:
4178:
4176:Authentication
4173:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4090:Shock detector
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4065:Pump dispenser
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4035:Plastic pallet
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3995:Package handle
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3810:Aluminium foil
3807:
3801:
3799:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3745:Stand-up pouch
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3688:Plastic bottle
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3593:Folding carton
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Euro container
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3558:Disposable cup
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:Antistatic bag
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3320:Fuel container
3317:
3315:Food packaging
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Ammunition box
3237:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:Tamper-evident
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3058:
3053:
3046:
3045:External links
3043:
3041:
3040:
3022:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2982:
2979:on 2011-08-26.
2964:
2950:
2936:
2922:
2908:
2882:
2857:
2830:
2805:
2780:
2766:
2745:
2742:paywalled page
2734:
2709:
2690:
2671:
2640:
2620:
2601:
2589:
2568:
2549:
2530:
2511:
2492:
2473:
2454:(24): 2614–7.
2438:
2413:
2394:
2369:
2351:
2349:1968, p. 1050.
2339:
2314:
2287:
2271:"Keglined.com"
2262:
2241:
2214:(3): 205–213.
2198:
2187:(2): 235–037.
2181:Food Chemistry
2171:
2150:
2132:
2125:
2105:
2098:
2080:
2033:
2013:
1989:
1964:
1939:
1913:
1892:
1866:
1837:
1813:
1791:
1748:
1738:. Canmaker.com
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1699:
1697:Six-pack rings
1694:
1689:
1687:Plastic bottle
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1591:Resealable lid
1589:
1557:Crown Holdings
1540:
1537:
1514:
1511:
1480:United Kingdom
1413:Anthony Bajada
1399:
1398:
1387:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1335:
1332:
1294:Diet-Rite Cola
1286:Iron City Beer
1241:
1238:
1169:
1166:
1155:
1154:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1023:
1022:
973:
971:
964:
958:
955:
895:
892:
883:
880:
878:
875:
862:
859:
850:
847:
845:
842:
833:
830:
821:
818:
805:
802:
793:
790:
781:
778:
769:
766:
762:United Kingdom
757:
756:United Kingdom
754:
745:
742:
733:
730:
721:
718:
701:
698:
689:
686:
677:
674:
665:
662:
645:
642:
633:
630:
621:
618:
606:
603:
601:
598:
589:
586:
584:
581:
575:
574:
571:
570:
568:half a US pint
561:
552:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
531:
527:
526:
523:
520:
516:
515:
512:
509:
505:
504:
501:
498:
494:
493:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
476:
472:
471:
468:
465:
461:
460:
457:
454:
450:
449:
446:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
428:
427:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
410:
406:
405:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
366:
362:
361:
358:
355:
344:
343:
258:
256:
249:
243:
242:Standard sizes
240:
236:Caribou Coffee
132:
129:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4738:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4688:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:Shrink tunnel
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Check weigher
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:Bottling line
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:Thermoforming
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4351:Roll slitting
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:Laser cutting
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:Hermetic seal
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4085:Security tape
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4055:Polypropylene
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:Packaging gas
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Shipping tube
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3588:Flexible tank
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Package theft
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Overpackaging
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3038:1-930268-25-4
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2933:. 2018-08-07.
2932:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2897:on 4 May 2019
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2872:on 2013-10-12
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2845:
2844:Beer Universe
2841:
2834:
2831:
2820:on 2014-10-20
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2795:on 2015-02-15
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2735:
2724:on 2018-09-21
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2661:on 2015-09-22
2657:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2590:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2340:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2277:on 2017-10-20
2276:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2168:. p. 14.
2167:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2034:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1764:(1): 95–113.
1763:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1702:Widget (beer)
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1471:to depress a
1470:
1465:
1460:
1451:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1372:
1353:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1250:Tsingtao beer
1246:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1194:bottle opener
1191:
1182:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1148:
1140:
1137:November 2020
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1106:This section
1104:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1019:
1016:
1008:
1005:November 2020
998:
994:
990:
984:
983:
979:
974:This section
972:
968:
963:
962:
956:
954:
952:
948:
943:
941:
936:
931:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
900:
893:
891:
889:
881:
877:South America
876:
874:
872:
868:
860:
858:
856:
848:
843:
841:
839:
831:
829:
827:
819:
817:
815:
811:
803:
801:
799:
798:North America
792:North America
791:
789:
787:
779:
777:
775:
767:
765:
763:
755:
753:
751:
743:
741:
739:
731:
729:
727:
724:In Thailand,
719:
717:
715:
711:
707:
699:
697:
695:
687:
685:
683:
675:
673:
671:
663:
657:
653:
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643:
641:
639:
631:
629:
627:
619:
617:
614:
612:
604:
599:
597:
595:
587:
582:
580:
565:
562:
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553:
547:
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539:
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532:
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528:
524:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
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491:
488:
485:
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477:
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389:
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329:
318:
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311:
308:
304:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287: –
286:
282:
281:Find sources:
275:
271:
265:
264:
259:This section
257:
253:
248:
247:
241:
239:
237:
233:
228:
221:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
191:
186:
182:
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172:
167:
163:
159:
156:In 1935, the
154:
152:
148:
144:
138:
130:
128:
126:
122:
118:
117:energy drinks
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
82:
78:
73:
65:
57:
51:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4576:Environment,
4191:Blow molding
4120:Stretch wrap
4050:Polyethylene
4040:Plastic wrap
4030:Plastic film
4015:Paper pallet
3950:Living hinge
3855:Coated paper
3735:Spray bottle
3715:Security bag
3708:Water sachet
3698:Salvage drum
3693:Retort pouch
3598:Glass bottle
3493:Blister pack
3458:Aluminum can
3425:Water bottle
3325:Gas cylinder
3300:Field ration
3284:
3197:Shelf-stable
3025:
3024:Soroka, W.,
2995:
2985:
2977:the original
2967:
2953:
2939:
2925:
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2895:the original
2885:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:the original
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2843:
2838:Cohen, Jim.
2833:
2822:. Retrieved
2818:the original
2808:
2797:. Retrieved
2793:the original
2783:
2769:
2758:. Retrieved
2748:
2737:
2726:. Retrieved
2722:the original
2712:
2703:
2693:
2684:
2674:
2663:. Retrieved
2656:the original
2643:
2632:. Retrieved
2623:
2604:
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2571:
2552:
2533:
2514:
2495:
2476:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2430:. Retrieved
2426:
2416:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2386:. Retrieved
2384:. 1960-09-20
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2331:. Retrieved
2326:
2317:
2306:. Retrieved
2300:
2290:
2279:. Retrieved
2275:the original
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2244:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2115:
2108:
2089:
2083:
2058:. Retrieved
2046:
2036:
2025:. Retrieved
2016:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:
1967:
1956:. Retrieved
1954:. 2019-04-29
1951:
1942:
1930:. Retrieved
1926:
1916:
1905:. Retrieved
1903:. Sencon.com
1895:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:
1869:
1858:. Retrieved
1849:
1840:
1829:. Retrieved
1825:
1816:
1805:. Retrieved
1794:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1740:. Retrieved
1682:Glass bottle
1650:
1643:was a minor
1638:
1621:
1608:
1594:
1569:South Africa
1554:
1525:
1516:
1492:
1488:
1477:
1461:
1410:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1269:
1266:Dayton, Ohio
1255:
1227:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1187:
1162:
1158:
1143:
1134:
1119:Please help
1107:
1089:Filling cans
1064:
1047:cold forming
1044:
1011:
1002:
987:Please help
975:
944:
932:
928:
918:that can be
905:
885:
864:
852:
835:
823:
807:
795:
783:
771:
759:
747:
735:
723:
703:
691:
679:
667:
647:
635:
623:
615:
608:
594:South Africa
591:
588:South Africa
578:
564:
555:
546:
332:
326:October 2023
323:
313:
306:
299:
292:
280:
268:Please help
263:verification
260:
229:
226:
209:
205:
202:high profile
201:
195:
175:
155:
140:
105:fruit juices
93:beverage can
92:
88:
86:
59:Beverage can
39:PopCap Games
18:Beverage can
4472:Heat sealer
4437:Case sealer
4311:Papermaking
4231:Die cutting
4196:Calendering
4100:Shrink wrap
3975:Molded pulp
3960:Meat diaper
3925:Kraft paper
3905:Foam peanut
3895:Double seam
3865:Coextrusion
3835:Bubble wrap
3815:Bail handle
3760:Thermal bag
3683:Plastic bag
3498:Boil-in-bag
3430:Wine bottle
3415:Spray paint
3370:Popcorn bag
3365:Oyster pail
3250:Beer bottle
2901:18 December
2360:"Press-Tab"
2327:The Takeout
1672:Beer koozie
1583:and by the
1464:Ermal Fraze
1334:Stay-on-tab
1324:tennis ball
1258:Port Arthur
1205:Ermal Fraze
951:epoxy resin
894:Composition
867:New Zealand
861:New Zealand
706:South Korea
700:South Korea
559:one US pint
285:"Drink can"
206:low profile
113:herbal teas
4700:Categories
4552:Staple gun
4532:Palletizer
4422:Can seamer
4291:Lamination
4216:Converting
4105:Slip sheet
4020:Paperboard
3885:Cushioning
3845:Cellophane
3820:Bioplastic
3798:components
3785:Wooden box
3755:Tetra Brik
3678:Paper sack
3653:Multi-pack
3603:Gunny sack
3473:Bag-in-box
3440:Containers
3305:Flour sack
3290:Egg carton
3265:Coffee bag
3245:Banana box
3187:Shelf life
3008:References
2876:2013-10-05
2824:2013-10-05
2799:2013-10-05
2760:2013-10-05
2728:2013-10-05
2665:2012-08-07
2634:2014-01-24
2610:US4030631A
2539:US3759206A
2520:USRE28910E
2501:US4024980A
2482:US2842295A
2432:2017-10-04
2388:2022-01-05
2333:2022-01-05
2308:2017-04-09
2281:2012-08-07
2256:2009-07-20
2060:2017-11-01
2027:2020-06-15
2022:"Our Beer"
2007:2024-08-31
1958:2024-08-31
1927:www.ft.com
1907:2012-08-07
1860:2022-01-05
1831:2022-01-05
1807:2017-04-09
1742:2012-08-07
1641:collecting
1627:Collecting
1612:Apple, Inc
1603:See also:
1549:Fat Lizard
1520:carbonated
1450:US 3967753
1439:US 3967752
1392:media help
1230:paperboard
1217:Coors Beer
924:5182 alloy
916:3004 alloy
357:imp fl oz
296:newspapers
179:church key
171:crown cork
135:See also:
4716:Packaging
4645:Recycling
4452:Drum pump
4395:Machinery
4246:Extrusion
4164:Processes
4135:Tear tape
4125:Susceptor
4115:Strapping
4070:Screw cap
4045:Polyester
3890:Desiccant
3794:Materials
3775:Unit load
3730:Skin pack
3673:Paper bag
3543:Clamshell
3285:Drink can
3217:Wrap rage
3101:Packaging
2775:"360 end"
2558:CA575550A
2069:cite news
2055:1170-0777
2047:NZ Herald
1982:31 August
1932:31 August
1885:31 August
1786:160267011
1639:Beer can
1599:Recycling
1561:SABMiller
1290:R.C. Cola
1270:ring pull
1232:cartons,
1203:In 1959,
1190:churchkey
1108:does not
1059:magnesium
1055:manganese
976:does not
947:oxidizing
855:Australia
849:Australia
738:West Asia
732:West Asia
714:Dr Pepper
710:Coca-Cola
650:Indonesia
644:Indonesia
626:Hong Kong
620:Hong Kong
360:US fl oz
232:Coca-Cola
198:cone tops
190:Neuweiler
162:Felinfoel
89:drink can
4578:post-use
4467:Heat gun
4417:Calender
4326:Printing
4155:Velostat
4150:Tinplate
3985:Overwrap
3910:Gel pack
3900:Flip-top
3805:Adhesive
3740:Squround
3643:Mesh bag
3628:Jerrycan
3573:Envelope
3513:Bulk box
3390:Sand bag
3355:Milk bag
3340:Juicebox
3255:Box wine
3228:packages
3032:, 2002,
2850:18 March
2582:19 March
2236:12146520
1854:Archived
1778:25616219
1656:See also
1320:pet food
1312:oil cans
1240:Pop-tab
1071:aluminum
1051:3004-H19
908:aluminum
720:Thailand
694:Pakistan
688:Pakistan
682:Malaysia
188:A 1946,
121:aluminum
4301:Molding
4206:Coating
4201:Canning
3860:Coating
3850:Closure
3608:Inhaler
3463:Ampoule
3335:Growler
3226:Product
3108:General
2216:Bibcode
1563:at the
1129:removed
1114:sources
1067:stamped
1057:and 1%
997:removed
982:sources
940:bauxite
935:deposit
844:Oceania
786:Austria
780:Austria
774:Ireland
768:Ireland
760:In the
750:redbull
310:scholar
238:drink.
210:j-spout
131:History
81:Belgium
50:Popcaan
4685:
4620:Litter
4462:Filler
4005:Pallet
3703:Sachet
3568:Endcap
3533:Carton
3528:Carboy
3503:Bottle
3483:Barrel
3110:topics
3036:
3018:
2616:
2564:
2545:
2526:
2507:
2488:
2468:946866
2466:
2234:
2141:"FAQs"
2123:
2096:
2053:
1977:pns.hk
1784:
1776:
1618:Design
1581:Brazil
1528:Canada
1501:, and
1473:scored
1456:
1445:
1424:, and
1222:litter
888:Brazil
882:Brazil
838:Quebec
832:Quebec
826:Mexico
820:Mexico
810:Canada
804:Canada
744:Europe
726:Singha
583:Africa
415:14.88
412:15.49
365:1,000
312:
305:
298:
291:
283:
208:, and
4010:Paper
3930:Label
3830:BoPET
3553:Crate
2659:(PDF)
2652:(PDF)
2162:(PDF)
1782:S2CID
1774:JSTOR
1720:Notes
1577:China
1532:Coors
1499:Rexam
1469:lever
1278:Alcoa
1079:rivet
1075:press
920:drawn
912:alloy
670:Japan
664:Japan
638:India
632:India
611:China
605:China
481:10.8
478:11.3
470:11.2
467:11.6
459:11.5
456:12.0
448:11.8
445:12.3
437:12.0
434:12.5
426:12.7
423:13.2
404:16.0
401:16.6
393:16.9
390:17.6
382:19.2
379:20.0
371:33.8
368:35.2
317:JSTOR
303:books
166:Wales
3840:Bung
3780:Vial
3770:Tube
3668:Pail
3563:Drum
3538:Chub
3523:Case
3518:Cage
3034:ISBN
3030:IoPP
3016:ISBN
2903:2020
2852:2014
2584:2015
2464:PMID
2448:JAMA
2410:(4).
2232:PMID
2121:ISBN
2094:ISBN
2075:link
2051:ISSN
1984:2024
1934:2024
1887:2024
1579:and
1328:nuts
1316:soup
1292:and
1280:and
1112:any
1110:cite
980:any
978:cite
712:and
600:Asia
536:5.1
533:5.3
530:150
525:6.8
522:7.0
519:200
514:7.5
511:7.8
508:222
503:8.0
500:8.3
497:237
492:8.5
489:8.8
486:250
475:320
464:330
453:341
442:350
431:355
420:375
409:440
398:473
387:500
376:568
289:news
109:teas
91:(or
41:and
3935:Lid
3796:and
3638:Keg
3633:Jug
3623:Jar
3508:Box
3478:Bag
2456:doi
2452:235
2224:doi
2212:292
2189:doi
2166:EPA
1766:doi
1645:fad
1575:in
1567:in
1422:BHP
1272:in
1264:of
1123:by
1083:die
991:by
886:In
865:In
853:In
836:In
824:In
808:In
796:In
784:In
772:In
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692:In
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