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792:. Most of these reservoirs serve the purpose of irrigation only. A total area of 773 km is irrigated by these irrigation projects. One irrigation dam at Chittur in Attappadi Hills is under construction. The construction of these two dams will increase the area irrigated by another 542 km. Another major project is the Regulator cum bridge at Thrithala built on the Velliyankallu bridge. The bridge connects the two villages
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mining sand from underwater which has become a profitable business for many. Significant changes in the climatic pattern also altered the flow pattern in the river. Studies reported that there is a significant dip in the total annual rainfall and significant increase in the annual temperature in the basin.
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carrying tonnes of pristine sands were a common sight at each 'kadavu' (entrance to the river) of the river. Considering the hundreds of 'kadavu' throughout its length, the amount of sand mined in these years is unimaginable. Today, with almost no sand in many parts of the river, people have started
808:
by 11 km. This project is the largest in
Bharathappuzha in the last many decades. Fish species once thought to be almost extinct have come back remarkably due to the increased water level during summer. Special note is to be made on the species called 'Vaala' considered to be the king of fresh
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of 6,186 km, the
Bharathapuzha basin is the largest among all the river basins in Kerala. A little more than two-thirds of this area (4400 km) is within Kerala and the remaining area (1786 km) is in Tamil Nadu. Though Bharathapuzha has a large basin, the water flow is relatively less
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has also reduced the river flow. In fact, in the summer months, there is almost no flow in most parts of the river. The
Bharathapuzha is the lifeline of many cities and villages: Chittur-Thathamangalam (in Chittur, Bharathappuzha is known as "Sokanasini"; this name was given by Thunjathu Ramanujan
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The river went through a series of challenges which saw its degradation that has reached a point of no return. The erratic, non-conservative attitude of people has resulted in much of its water becoming not potable. Until a few decades back, the river used to flow effortlessly during even intense
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Controlled mining of the sand if not completely stopping it. Sand beds which got created in millions of years were completely removed within a few years of human greed and mismanagement. Creation of sand is a very slow process and is considered as the veins of the river. Although a total ban is
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mafias are very active and the nexus between the politicians, bureaucrats and these mafias make it extremely difficult to stop this. Organisations which were once very active have now gone on hibernation due to the threat posed by them. Environmentalists have predicted dire consequences and the
800:. The main objective of the regulator is the drinking water supply. The water supply projects towards Thrissur district has already started. The shutter height of the regulator is 5 meters, and it can contain a huge quantity of water. Also, the new bridge reduces the distance from
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The river originates in Tamil Nadu, Thirumoorthy Dam. Once it enters Kerala, it gets significance and has five names - Bharathappuzha, Ponnani River, Nila, Perar, and
Kuttippuram River, of which the first name is more popular. The river meets the
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can enhance the water table and the water quality as these trees can hold large amount of water in its roots and will slowly discharge it during summer. This method has found to be successful in many parts of the world in reviving
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part of Kerala. It is also referred to as the "Peraar" in ancient scripts and documents. River
Bharathapuzha is an interstate river and lifeline water source for a population residing in four administrative districts, namely
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Friends of
Bharathapuzha, a nature lovers' collective, is being formed with the objective of strengthening and protecting the Bharathapuzha. It is led by E.M. Sreedharan, veteran engineer popularly known as 'Metroman'.
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impossible and impracticable, strict regulations needs to be put in place for sustainable mining of sand. Experts suggest that a portion of the revenue from sand mining has to be allocated for river management.
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Legend says that those cremated on the banks of the
Bharathappuzha achieve salvation. It is also one of the important places in the state where the sons pay homage to their late fathers by conducting a
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Two main branches meet at
Kuttipuram and flow to the Arabian Sea. Each in turn has several branches as shown in the diagram. List of the tributaries sorted in order from the mouth heading upstream.
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The river now faces significant challenges for its survival. It is predicted that the river may change its course due to the obstruction of the tall grasses and bushes that has grown in the river.
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wherever possible: Mangroves acts a barrier protecting the river banks from soil erosion. The ecosystem within the mangroves are varied and complex and help aquatic species to thrive in rivers.
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Strict regulations for hotels, hospitals and households on managing their waste. Regulation has to be put in place and enforced for managing waste generated by hospitals and hotels.
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857:, is situated at Cheruthuruty on the banks of this river—in Thrissur district. The birthplace of famous Malayalam satire poet and founder of the Ottamthullal art form,
865:(around 65 temples are situated in the banks of river Nila) is a unique shadow puppet play mainly performed in the Bhadar Kali temple in the Malabar region.
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because a large portion of the basin is located in the comparatively drier regions (Tamil Nadu and
Palakkad Gap). The construction of a number of dams after
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Social networking sites like
Facebook have active groups with a purpose of saving the river named as Bharathappuzha Samrakhshana Samithi.
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982:, at the bank of Thootha river, which is another tributary of the river Bharathappuzha. There are a number of famous Hindu temples like
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dam is the largest among the reservoirs built across Bharathapuzha and its tributaries. Other dams in the Bharathapuzha basin are
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untimely death of the river within the near future. The wastes from the hospitals and other sources pollute the water.
950:, a native of North Malabar, drew literary inspiration from the scenic beauty of the landscape along the Bharatapuzha.
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which has become an environmental catastrophe. At the peak of the sand mining period in the mid 1990s at least 40-50
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region on the bank of the river Bharathappuzha. Leading Malayalam writers who were born along its banks include
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673:, including the town of Pallipuram, stands near the confluence of this river and the River Thootha or, simply,
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1506:
Raj, P.P.Nikhil; azeez, P.A (2012). "Trend analysis of rainfall in Bharathapuzha River basin, Kerala, India".
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The river is not navigable along most of its course except the small stretch where it joins the sea. With a
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day. Some of the famous persons cremated here include literary personalities like O V Vijayan and VKN.
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in the last 30 years, the thick sand bed has been completely vanished and has then been replaced with
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573:. As the Thootha River is rich in water, after its merger, the Nila becomes thicker inflow.
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The Old Railway Bridge over Thutha River near its union with Bharathapuzha, built by the
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merge and flow as Bharathappuzha, following a westerly course until it empties into the
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1599:"'Metroman' E. Sreedharan to turn 'Riverman' to help protect Bharathapuzha"
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water fishes. Individual 'Vaala' weighing 5 to 10 kg are now common.
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districts of Kerala, with many tributaries joining it, including the
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along the course of the river, and two more are under construction.
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passes through Malappuram-Palakkad district border through Thootha,
1551:"Temperature rise in the Bharathapuzha river basin, southern India"
1323:"A CHECKLIST OF AVIFAUNA OF THE BHARATHAPUZHA RIVER BASIN, america"
845:, which is a major center for learning Indian performing arts like
816:
A view of the Velliyamkallu Regulator cum Bridge under construction
625:, Parli-Kottayi, Mankara-Perigottukurissi, Lakkidi-Thiruvilwamala,
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in 1867 which goes into disuse with the construction of new bridges
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1393:. Easthill, Calicut: Government of Madras Presidency. p. 14.
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1005:, also known as Ponnani script, was also born out on its bank.
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region, situated on the basin of the river Bharathappuzha. The
1742:
A Frontline article about the problems faced by Bharathapuzha
401:, which is also the largest opening in the Kerala portion of
1731:
1471:
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities
841:
Bharathappuzha is the lifeline of Kerala's cultural map.
565:. At Mayannur, Gayathripuzha merges with the river. The
1747:
An Indiatogether article on Sand Mining in Bharathapuzha
760:
The Bharathappuzha is extensively dammed. There are 11
509:
of Bharathapuzha originates from various parts of the
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suggest the followings actions for saving the river.
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Ponnani Fishing Harbour is at the mouth of the river.
753:
A view of the railway bridge over Bharathappuzha at
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489:, the name Kuttippuram River also became familiar.
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832:The river empties to the Arabian Sea in Ponnani.
405:. The Nila has groomed the culture and life of
894:flourished between 14th and 16th centuries of
521:as small rivulets, and flows westward through
1772:
8:
1647:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tb-O2XpGTTE
1642:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07Dxuhs1zLU
1637:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6eA7wahVDY
1632:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoV4xhJHBM
1627:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGdKcAbPZ_c
1358:"Bharathapuzha is dry much ahead of summer"
1328:. Zoo Outreach Organisation. Archived from
788:, Upper Aliyar, Chitturpuzha regulator and
2363:
1779:
1765:
1757:
964:Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics
892:Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics
591:Tirur River joins Bharathapuzha in Ponnani
469:), the southern part of which is known as
67:
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1467:"Katala vesa: On Revisiting the Hunter"
1311:
1317:
1315:
314:161 m/s (5,700 cu ft/s)
31:
1295:List of dams and reservoirs in Kerala
1075:Actions required for saving the river
621:Ezhuthachan), Kodumbu-Thiruvalathur,
525:, (also known as Palghat gap) across
280:6,186 km (2,388 sq mi)
7:
1597:Naha, Abdul Latheef (10 July 2019).
1549:Raj, P.P.Nikhil; Azeez, P.A (2011).
1508:International Journal of Climatology
1382:
1380:
1710:All Kerala River Protection Council
1465:Panikker, Meena J. (14 July 2020).
871:, who were the titular head of all
1682:"Thousands offer Pithru Tharpanam"
1137:Tributaries of river Bharathapuzha
970:, were also born near Tirur River.
25:
1146:Chamravattom Regulator-cum-Bridge
997:, Chamravattam AyyappaTemple and
2496:
999:Panniyur Sri Varahamurthy Temple
501:Local fishermen in Bharathapuhza
40:
1440:"An Introduction to River Nila"
780:, Meenkara Dam, Chulliyar Dam,
481:over Bharathappuzha to connect
1055:An evening near Bharathappuzha
968:Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri
440:Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands
221: • coordinates
140: • coordinates
73:Labelled map of Bharathappuzha
1:
2537:Rivers of Malappuram district
920:Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri
104:Physical characteristics
2430:President's Trophy Boat Race
1737:Nila Foundation Organization
1026:summer. However, due to the
995:Vairankode Bhagavathy Temple
878:of Kerala had their land in
260: • elevation
183:2,461 m (8,074 ft)
179: • elevation
2547:Rivers of Thrissur district
2542:Rivers of Palakkad district
1932:Karimpuzha River (Palakkad)
1573:"Log in or sign up to view"
505:The headwaters of the main
298: • location
205: • location
124: • location
2563:
1484:10.21659/rupkatha.v12n4.04
958:were born at the banks of
310: • average
2493:
2420:Kandassankadavu Boat Race
318:
284:
272:209 km (130 mi)
187:
108:
66:
39:
2480:Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
1752:Bharata, To Kill a River
1290:List of rivers of Kerala
956:Vallathol Narayana Menon
952:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan
569:merges with the Nila at
418:districts, and parts of
1387:Logan, William (1887).
1280:Azhvanchery Thamprakkal
868:Azhvanchery Thamprakkal
677:. Then it goes through
612:compared to other long
337: • left
2450:Sree Narayana Jayanthi
1686:The New Indian Express
1657:"The way to the Maker"
1655:Abraham, Vinu (2004),
1157:
1138:
1056:
1003:Arabi Malayalam script
976:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
972:Poonthanam Namboothiri
916:Edasseri Govindan Nair
833:
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817:
757:
604:
592:
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373:"), also known as the
2410:Payippadu Vallam Kali
2316:Paravur Thekkumbhagam
1144:
1136:
1113:Planting and growing
1054:
1001:on the bank of Nila.
837:Cultural significance
831:
823:
815:
752:
627:Killikkurussimangalam
598:
590:
580:View of the river at
579:
500:
473:and northern part as
453:
243:10.78667°N 75.91083°E
2532:Rivers of Tamil Nadu
2470:Estuaries of Paravur
2321:Padinjarekkara Beach
1692:on 29 September 2007
1680:Newindpress (2005),
1093:Planting trees like
924:M. T. Vasudevan Nair
381:, is a river in the
264:0 m (0 ft)
2415:Triprayar Boat Race
1667:on 24 February 2005
1520:2012IJCli..32..533N
1446:on 25 December 2022
1419:www.kerenvis.nic.in
1061:Illegal sand mining
843:Kerala Kalamandalam
745:Irrigation projects
555:Kalpathipuzha River
422:district border of
397:. It flows through
323:Basin features
239: /
158: /
2445:Champakulam Moolam
2203:Meenmutty, Wayanad
1158:
1139:
1057:
948:P. Kunhiraman Nair
940:Kuttikrishna Marar
834:
826:
818:
758:
605:
593:
585:
503:
479:Kuttippuram bridge
458:
455:Kuttippuram bridge
248:10.78667; 75.91083
46:Bharathappuzha at
2509:
2508:
2475:Islands of Kollam
2458:
2457:
2127:Kavvayi Backwater
1818:Anjarakandi River
1080:Environmentalists
669:. The village of
442:lie on its bank.
420:Palakkad-Thrissur
363:
362:
162:10.600°N 77.117°E
16:(Redirected from
2554:
2527:Rivers of Kerala
2503:India portal
2501:
2500:
2499:
2364:
2132:Kayamkulam Kayal
2081:Thuppanadippuzha
1781:
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1767:
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1732:Kudallur Village
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1718:
1716:
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1688:, archived from
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1663:, archived from
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1609:
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1588:
1587:
1585:
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1577:www.facebook.com
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1528:10.1002/joc.2283
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1442:. Archived from
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1415:"Bharathappuzha"
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1011:Pithru Tharpanam
790:Kanjirapuzha Dam
614:rivers in Kerala
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2266:Chavakkad Beach
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1848:Cherukunnapuzha
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1706:"Infobox facts"
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1555:Current Science
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1300:Vairankode Vela
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1185:Thuppanadupuzha
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859:Kunchan Nambiar
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559:Lakshadweep Sea
517:hill ranges in
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463:Lakshadweep Sea
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1726:External links
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1514:(4): 533–539.
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1015:Karkidaka Vavu
1013:ritual on the
984:Thiruvilwamala
980:Perinthalmanna
978:was born near
863:Tholpavakoothu
838:
835:
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655:Thiruvegappura
494:
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475:Padinjarekkara
465:at an 'azhi' (
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1120:Constructing
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936:O. V. Vijayan
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717:goes through
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511:Western Ghats
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407:South Malabar
404:
403:Western Ghats
400:
396:
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388:
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380:
379:Ponnani River
376:
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359:
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350:Kalpathipuzha
347:
346:Gayathripuzha
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35:Bharathapuzha
33:
30:
19:
18:Bharatappuzha
2485:Pathiramanal
2435:Nehru Trophy
2336:Snehatheeram
2331:Shankumugham
2233:Thusharagiri
2183:Athirappilly
2147:Sasthamkotta
2096:Valapattanam
2056:Parambikulam
2031:Pallichelaru
2016:Muvattupuzha
2011:Muthirapuzha
1918:Kannadipuzha
1827:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:
1694:, retrieved
1690:the original
1685:
1669:, retrieved
1665:the original
1660:
1606:. Retrieved
1602:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1576:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:the original
1434:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:
1409:
1389:
1367:. Retrieved
1361:
1337:. Retrieved
1330:the original
1251:Kannadipuzha
1170:Kunthippuzha
1159:
1078:
1069:
1066:
1058:
1024:
1014:
1010:
1007:
966:, including
946:. Late poet
944:M. Sukumaran
866:
862:
855:Ottamthullal
840:
782:Thirumoorthy
778:Pothundi Dam
774:Mangalam Dam
759:
711:Pulamanthole
618:independence
606:
551:Kannadipuzha
523:Palakkad Gap
504:
459:
399:Palakkad Gap
378:
374:
366:
364:
354:Kannadipuzha
29:
2405:Vallam kali
2379:Kettuvallam
2341:Tanur Beach
2326:Payyambalam
2178:Aruvikkuzhy
2162:Veeranpuzha
2086:Thuthapuzha
2076:Punnappuzha
2046:Pandippuzha
1966:Madatharuvi
1951:Kunthipuzha
1946:Kottappuzha
1838:Chalippuzha
1823:Ayalurpuzha
1813:Ambankadavu
1788:Hydrography
1696:10 February
1671:10 February
1424:9 September
1202:Ayalurpuzha
1180:Ambankadavu
1165:Thuthapuzha
1129:Tributaries
1028:sand mining
1021:Degradation
991:Navamukunda
988:Thirunavaya
960:Tirur River
928:M. Govindan
908:Triprangode
851:Koodiyattam
794:Pallippuram
770:Walayar Dam
735:Triprangode
715:Tirur River
703:Thuthapuzha
695:Triprangode
687:Irimbiliyam
675:Thuthapuzha
571:Pallippuram
567:Thuthapuzha
535:Tirur River
369:("River of
358:Tirur River
342:Thuthapuzha
328:Tributaries
246: /
165: /
48:Triprangode
2516:Categories
2384:Palliyodam
2281:Kappkadavu
2228:Soochipara
2171:Waterfalls
2051:Papanasini
2021:Neerppuzha
1976:Malampuzha
1928:Karimpuzha
1868:Edamalayar
1858:Cheruthoni
1853:Cherupuzha
1808:Achankovil
1715:30 January
1621:References
1608:18 January
1400:8120604466
1244:Malampuzha
1154:Malappuram
1122:check dams
1047:Challenges
904:Tirunavaya
896:Common Era
888:Tirunavaya
882:and later
766:Malampuzha
762:reservoirs
683:Tirunavaya
679:Kuttipuram
663:Pallipuram
643:Chelakkara
631:Ottappalam
582:Tirunavaya
543:Coimbatore
531:Malappuram
519:Tamil Nadu
436:Tamil Nadu
428:Coimbatore
412:Malappuram
387:Tamil Nadu
385:states of
277:Basin size
234:75°54′39″E
231:10°47′12″N
56:Malappuram
2306:Mundakkal
2301:Meenkunnu
2256:Alappuzha
2238:Vazhachal
2142:Punnamada
2122:Ashtamudi
2061:Payaswini
1996:Meenachil
1936:Korapuzha
1893:Kadalundi
1883:Ithikkara
1863:Chulliyar
1833:Chalakudy
1603:The Hindu
1561:(4): 492.
1536:129660466
1493:0975-2935
1369:24 August
1363:The Hindu
1285:Nambudiri
1217:Chulliyar
1115:mangroves
1099:Jackfruit
884:Athavanad
873:Nambudiri
847:Kathakali
806:Kozhikode
798:Thrithala
719:Athavanad
707:Elamkulam
651:Thrithala
609:watershed
515:Anamailai
513:near the
507:tributary
483:Kozhikode
446:Etymology
289:Discharge
2425:Aranmula
2213:Palaruvi
2208:Oliyarik
2157:Vembanad
2006:Mullayar
1986:Manimala
1981:Mangalam
1956:Kurumali
1923:Karamana
1843:Chaliyar
1661:The Week
1582:21 April
1339:24 April
1274:See also
1234:Varattar
986:Temple,
932:V. K. N.
880:Palakkad
876:Brahmins
802:Thrissur
755:Shoranur
731:Purathur
727:Mangalam
691:Thavanur
659:Kudallur
647:Pattambi
635:Shoranur
623:Palakkad
539:Pollachi
527:Palakkad
432:Tiruppur
416:Palakkad
79:Location
52:Thavanur
2351:Varkala
2291:Kovalam
2248:Beaches
2198:Manalar
2137:Paravur
2110:Lakes,
2071:Periyar
1941:Korayar
1903:Kallayi
1898:Kallada
1516:Bibcode
1239:Walayar
1229:Korayar
1150:Ponnani
1110:rivers.
1040:lorries
1032:grasses
993:Temple,
699:Ponnani
671:Parudur
667:Kumbidi
601:British
563:Ponnani
471:Ponnani
467:estuary
395:Periyar
371:Bhārata
210:Ponnani
153:77°07′E
150:10°36′N
84:Country
2296:Marari
2286:Kollam
2276:Kappad
2271:Cherai
2188:Charpa
2041:Pambar
2026:Neyyar
1888:Kabini
1800:Rivers
1792:Kerala
1534:
1491:
1397:
1261:Aliyar
1095:Banyan
1036:bushes
942:, and
786:Aliyar
739:Vettom
737:, and
709:, and
697:, and
549:, the
493:Course
430:, and
424:Kerala
391:Kerala
383:Indian
331:
292:
269:Length
214:Kerala
129:Kerala
113:Source
98:Kerala
2398:Races
2367:Types
2360:Boats
2261:Bekal
2112:dams
2091:Tirur
2036:Pamba
1532:S2CID
1477:(4).
1450:6 May
1333:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1306:Notes
1266:Uppar
1256:Palar
1107:Mango
1105:, or
912:Uroob
900:Tirur
723:Tirur
547:Parli
545:. At
541:near
487:Kochi
485:with
303:mouth
193:Mouth
133:India
94:State
88:India
60:India
50:near
1971:Mahé
1717:2006
1698:2006
1673:2006
1610:2020
1584:2024
1489:ISSN
1452:2021
1426:2020
1395:ISBN
1371:2018
1341:2014
1103:Teak
1034:and
974:and
954:and
853:and
796:and
665:and
553:and
529:and
426:and
414:and
389:and
375:Nila
365:The
2389:Uru
1790:of
1559:101
1524:doi
1479:doi
1148:at
898:in
804:to
561:at
434:of
377:or
2518::
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