781:
destruction of 9,000 offshore fishing boats. Of the 77,000 onshore fishermen, 46,000 were killed by the cyclone, and 40% of the survivors were affected severely. In total, approximately 65% of the fishing capacity of the coastal region was destroyed by the storm, in a region where about 80% of the protein consumed comes from fish. Agricultural damage was similarly severe with the loss of US$ 63 million worth of crops and 280,000 cattle. Three months after the storm, 75% of the population was receiving food from relief workers, and over 150,000 relied upon aid for half of their food.
1328:
3206:
2983:
2932:
2380:
1941:
1875:
1104:
and other supplies to East
Pakistan. Six helicopters – two helicopters at an aid mission in Nepal and four from the U.S. – were also sent. Some 200,000 tons of wheat were shipped from the U.S. to the stricken region. By the end of November, there were 38 helicopters operating in the disaster area, ten of which were British and ten American. The Americans had provided about fifty small boats and the British seventy for supply distribution.
1342:
1147:, left Singapore for the Bay of Bengal to assist with the relief efforts. They carried eight helicopters and eight landing craft, as well as rescue teams and supplies. Fifty soldiers and two helicopters were flown in ahead of the ships to survey the disaster area and bring relief work. The task force arrived off the East Pakistan coast on November 24, and the 650 troops aboard the ships immediately began using
369:
1370:
1035:. A pesticide company had to wait two days before it received permission for two of its crop dusters, which were already in the country, to carry out supply drops in the affected regions. The central government only deployed a single helicopter to relief operations, with Khan later stating that there was no point deploying any helicopters from West Pakistan as they were unable to carry supplies.
379:
40:
1356:
300:
389:
1294:
over 138,000 people, this was significantly less than the 1970 storm, partly because of the warnings sent out by the
Cyclone Preparedness Programme. However, the 1991 storm was significantly more destructive, causing US$ 1.5 billion in damage (US$ 2 billion inflation-adjusted) compared to the 1970 storm's US$ 86.4 million in damage.
279:, was criticized for its delayed handling of relief operations following the storm, both by local political leaders in East Pakistan and by the international media. The poor and discriminating response from the West Pakistan government led to the increasingly widespread disillusionment from the East Pakistani people, allowing the opposition
520:, the coast of the Bay of Bengal is particularly vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones. The exact death toll from the Bhola cyclone will never be known, but at least 300,000 fatalities were associated with the storm, possibly as many as 500,000. The cyclone was not, however, the most powerful of these; the
880:
The results showed that the highest survival rate was for adult males aged 15–49, while more than half the deaths were children under age 10, who only formed a third of the pre-cyclone population. This suggests that the young, old, and sick were at the highest risk of perishing in the cyclone and its
868:
The totals from the second survey were likely a considerable underestimate as several groups were not included— 100,000 migrant workers who were collecting the rice harvest, families who were completely wiped out by the storm, and those who had migrated out of the region in the intervening three
833:
Cholera
Research Laboratory: the first in November and the second in February and March. The purpose of the first survey was to establish the immediate medical needs in the affected regions, and the second, more detailed, survey was designed as the basis for long-term relief and recovery planning. In
1223:
estimated that it would cost US$ 185 million to reconstruct the area devastated by the storm. The bank drew up a comprehensive recovery plan for the
Pakistani government. The plan included restoring housing, water supplies and infrastructure to their pre-storm state. It was designed to combine
1187:
effort. The mission returned to
Singapore on December 22, after bringing about $ 50,000 worth of medical supplies and fifteen tons of food for the victims of the storm. The Japanese cabinet approved a total of US$ 1.65 million of relief funds in December. The Japanese government had previously
1010:
Political leaders in East
Pakistan were deeply critical of the central government's initial response to the disaster. A statement released by eleven East Pakistan politicians ten days after the storm charged the government with "gross neglect, callous indifference and utter indifference". They also
1270:
In
December 1970, the League of Red Cross Societies drafted a plan for immediate use should a comparable event to the cyclone hit other "disaster prone countries". A Red Cross official stated some of the relief workers sent to East Pakistan were poorly trained, and the organisation would compile a
1103:
allocated a $ 10 million ($ 78 million in 2023) grant to provide food and other essential relief to the survivors of the storm, and the U.S. ambassador to
Pakistan pledged that he would "assist the East Pakistan government in every way feasible." The U.S. sent a number of blankets, tents
1076:
The central government's handling of the relief efforts helped exacerbate the bitterness felt in East
Pakistan, swelling the resistance movement there. Funds only slowly got through, and transport was slow in bringing supplies to the devastated regions. As tensions increased in March 1971, foreign
1293:
approached the country in 1991, volunteers from the
Cyclone Preparedness Programme warned people of the cyclone two to three days before it struck land. Over 350,000 people fled their homes to shelters and other brick structures, while others sought high ground. While the 1991 cyclone killed
940:
reached many of the stricken areas in the two days following the landfall of the cyclone. President Khan visited East Pakistan on the way back from a trip to China. In a press conference in Dhaka, Khan accepted the government had made "slips" and "mistakes" in their relief effort for the cyclone
1093:
between the two countries, and by the end of November had pledged US$ 1.3 million (US$ 8.7 million in 2020 dollars) of assistance for the relief efforts. The Pakistani central government refused to allow the Indians to send supplies into East Pakistan by air, forcing them to be transported
1049:
regularly carried front-page stories with headlines like, "No Relief Coordination", while publishing government statements saying, "Relief operations are going smoothly." In January, the coldest period of the year in East Pakistan, the National Relief and Rehabilitation Committee, headed by the
960:
as the Indian government did not grant clearance to cross the intervening Indian territory, a charge the Indian government denied. By November 24, the central government had allocated a further US$ 116 million to finance relief operations in the disaster area. Khan arrived in Dhaka to take
780:
86.4 million (US$ 701 million in 2024). The survivors claimed that approximately 85% of homes in the area were destroyed or severely damaged, with the greatest destruction occurring along the coast. Ninety percent of marine fishermen in the region suffered heavy losses, including the
1110:
halted aid shipments to East Pakistan the week after the cyclone hit because of unwillingness to let the Pakistani central government handle distribution. However, by January 1971, they had reached an agreement to construct 24,000 cement brick houses at a cost of about $ 1.2 million ($
1188:
drawn criticism for only donating a small amount to relief work. The first shipment of Chinese supplies was a planeload of 500,000 doses of cholera vaccine, which was not necessary as the country had adequate stocks. The Chinese government sent US$ 1.2 million in cash to Pakistan.
479:
There is question as to how much of the information about the cyclone said to have been received by Indian weather authorities was transmitted to East Pakistan authorities. This is because the Indian and East Pakistani weather services may not have shared information given the
1211:
made appeals for aid for the victims of the cyclone and the civil war in August, in two separate relief programs. He said only about $ 4 million had been contributed towards immediate needs, well short of the target of US$ 29.2 million. By the end of November, the
784:
The Bhola Cyclone would also lead to increased cholera and typhoid cases in the region due to the contamination of the water supply in the storm. Many attempts of sending aid to the region were impeded by the prevalent cholera, and as a result, medical aid was delayed.
1015:
addressed a rally of 50,000 people on November 24, when he accused the president of inefficiency and demanded his resignation. Khan's political opponents in West Pakistan accused him of bungling the efforts and some demanded his resignation. Awami League leader
1175:
helicopters were still operating in the region transporting essential supplies to hard-hit areas. The Soviet aircraft, which had drawn criticism from Bengalis, replaced the British and American helicopters that had operated immediately after the cyclone.
3109:
741:
was blown off at about 2200 UTC on November 12. A ship anchored in the port in the same area recorded a peak gust of 222 km/h (138 mph) about 45 minutes later. As the storm made landfall, it caused a 10-metre (33 ft) high
1224:
with a much larger ongoing flood-control and development program. The bank provided US$ 25 million of credit to help rebuild the East Pakistan economy and to construct protective shelters in the region. This was the first time that the
503:
in October 1960 which killed at least 16,000 people in East Pakistan, the Pakistani central government contacted the American government for assistance in developing a system to avert future disasters. Gordon Dunn, the director of the
2158:
3430:
1044:
spent a week in the worst hit areas in early January 1971 and saw none of the tents supplied by relief agencies being used to house survivors and commented that the grants for building new houses were insufficient. The
1170:
announced that he would visit Dhaka during a visit to the Far East and urged people to pray for the victims of the disaster. The Vatican later contributed US$ 100,000 to the relief efforts. By the start of 1971, four
1111:
9 million in 2023). American concerns about delays by the central government in determining how the relief should be used meant that US$ 7.5 million ($ 59 million in 2023) of relief granted by the
1068:
Due to the poor handling and the destructive aftermath of the Bhola Cyclone, leftist parties in both East and West Pakistan boycotted the 1970 Pakistani general election. This allowed the Awami League, headed by
1192:
declared that the disaster was also an Iranian one and responded by sending two planeloads of supplies within a few days of the cyclone striking. Many smaller, poorer Asian nations sent nominal amounts of aid.
975:
As the conflict between East and West Pakistan developed in March 1971, the Dhaka offices of the two government organisations directly involved in relief efforts were closed for at least two weeks, first by a
447:
and reached its peak intensity later that day, with three-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph), one-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), and a central pressure of 960
260:
on the coast of East Pakistan on the following afternoon. The storm surge devastated many of the offshore islands, wiping out villages and destroying crops throughout the region. In the most severely affected
1228:
had provided credit for reconstruction. By the start of December, nearly US$ 40 million had been raised for the relief efforts by the governments of 41 countries, organizations and private groups.
439:
tropical cyclones during this time, so no new identity was given. The storm became nearly stationary that evening near 14.5° N, 87° E, but began to accelerate toward the north on November 10.
3053:
2689:
2324:
1820:
1094:
slowly by road instead. The Indian government also said that the Pakistanis refused an offer of military aircraft, helicopters and boats from West Bengal to assist in the relief operation.
2033:
492:
issued a report calling for "danger preparedness" in the vulnerable coastal regions during the day on November 12. As the storm neared the coast, a "great danger signal" was broadcast on
757:
Radio Pakistan reported that there were no survivors on the thirteen islands near Chittagong. A flight over the area showed the devastation was complete throughout the southern half of
3596:
1557:
869:
months. Excluding these groups reduced the risk of hearsay and exaggeration. The survey concluded that the overall death toll was, at minimum, 224,000. The worst effects were felt in
1056:, said thousands of survivors from the storm were "passing their days under open sky". A spokesman said families who were made homeless by the cyclone were receiving up to 250
972:
slated for December 7 would take place on time, although eight or nine of the worst affected districts might experience delays, denying rumours that the election would be postponed.
1282:
had begun to support the development of a cyclone warning system, which developed into a Cyclone Preparedness Programme in 1972, today run by the government of Bangladesh and the
3720:
1483:
1204:
began a drive to raise a further million. UNICEF helped to re-establish water supplies in the wake of the storm, repairing over 11,000 wells in the months following the storm.
1073:, to win in a landslide victory. The elections for nine national assembly and eighteen provincial assembly seats had to be postponed until January 18 as a result of the storm.
3658:
443:
The storm further intensified into a severe cyclonic storm on November 11 and began to turn towards the northeast, as it approached the head of the bay. It developed a clear
3438:
2057:
508:
at the time, carried out a detailed study and submitted his report in 1961. However, the central government did not carry out all of the recommendations Dunn had listed.
1286:. The programme's objectives are to raise public awareness of the risks of cyclones and to provide training to emergency personnel in the coastal regions of Bangladesh.
949:) but he insisted that "everything was done within the limits of the Government." He then returned to Rawalpindi. No West Pakistani political leaders visited the East.
1584:
2576:
2525:
2453:
2397:
2258:
2207:
1031:
began to operate independently of the central government as the result of a dispute that arose after the Red Crescent took possession of twenty rafts donated by the
3749:
1611:
463:. Once over land, the system began to weaken; the storm degraded to a cyclonic storm on November 13, when it was about 100 km (62 mi) south-southeast of
965:, denied charges that the armed forces had not acted quickly enough and said supplies were reaching all parts of the disaster area except for some small pockets.
1011:
accused President Khan of playing down the news coverage. On November 19, students held a march in Dhaka in protest of the speed of the government response, and
3610:
3304:
1419:(2007) – The next deadliest cyclone affecting Bangladesh in November with wind speed up to 260 km/h that killed at highest estimate 15,000 people in 2007.
3365:
2963:
2912:
1782:
1316:
by Scott Carney and Jason Miklian focused on how Yayhia Khan's failure to respond to the aftermath of Bhola cyclone which sparked the 1971 Bangladesh war.
956:
aircraft were assigned to relief work by the Pakistani central government. The central government said it was unable to transfer military helicopters from
1179:
The government of Singapore sent a military medical mission to East Pakistan which arrived at Chittagong on December 1, 1971. They were then deployed to
496:. Survivors later said that this meant little to them, but that they had recognised a No. 1 warning signal as representing the greatest possible threat.
256:
on November 8 and traveled northward, intensifying as it did so. It reached its peak with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) on November 10, and made
3064:
2137:
1855:
3764:
3391:
1771:
821:
and southern Assam. The rain caused damage to housing and crops in both Indian states, with the worst damage occurring in the southernmost districts.
3784:
2858:
2804:
2673:
2633:
2308:
837:
The first survey concluded that the surface water in most of the affected regions had a comparable salt content to that drawn from wells, except in
709:
677:
645:
629:
1808:
3464:
1524:
532:
234:
163:
3186:
3134:
2360:
1671:
1060:(US$ 55 in 1971; equivalent to $ 341 in 2018) to rebuild, but that resources were scarce and he feared the survivors would "eat the cash".
722:
500:
246:
200:
3774:
3220:
2885:
2720:
1467:
1225:
1549:
1383:
2651:
1607:
2757:
1970:
853:
on the limbs and chest caused by survivors clinging to trees to withstand the storm surge. Initially, there were fears of an outbreak of
3789:
3759:
3624:
3717:
3412:
3259:
1491:
484:
at the time. A large part of the population was reportedly taken by surprise by the storm. There were indications that East Pakistan's
3779:
3754:
3693:
3497:
1289:
In the thirty years after the 1970 cyclone, over 200 cyclone shelters were constructed in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. When the
904:
There have been mistakes, there have been delays, but by and large I'm very satisfied that everything is being done and will be done.
830:
489:
3241:
3769:
3522:
3005:
2006:
1017:
1012:
3650:
1905:
2101:
737:, 95 km (59 mi) to the east of where the storm made landfall, recorded winds of 144 km/h (89 mph) before its
3309:
2064:
1966:
1729:
1645:
1283:
1272:
969:
550:, but because of uncertainty in the number of deaths in all four disasters, it may never be known which one was the deadliest.
428:
284:
84:
849:
was generally restricted to minor injuries, but a phenomenon dubbed "cyclone syndrome" was observed. This consisted of severe
1097:
2176:
2012:
1580:
3030:
3358:
2601:
2550:
2478:
2422:
2283:
2232:
1932:
1213:
1152:
754:
peaked at about 4 m (13 ft) above the average sea level, 1.2 m (3.9 ft) of which was the storm surge.
776:
Over 3.6 million people were directly affected by the cyclone, and the total damage from the storm was estimated at
3560:
2833:
2108:
1667:
543:
136:
881:
storm surge. In the months after the storm, the mortality of the middle-aged was lower in the cyclone area than in the
794:
3314:
3156:
2780:
1255:
1238:
481:
404:
3744:
2958:
2953:
505:
288:
2904:
1927:
1746:
1717:
813:
to Kuwait, was sunk by the storm on November 12 with the loss of all fifty people on board. The ship sent out a
525:
313:
132:
1333:
1090:
1078:
909:
801:
recorded 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain on November 8, and there were a number of floods on the islands. MV
539:
2044:
411:, in the West Pacific Ocean. The system lasted for four days, before degenerating into a remnant low over the
1845:
1422:
1400:
1290:
597:
521:
517:
436:
3205:
2982:
2931:
2379:
1940:
1874:
3739:
3285:
2736:
1112:
838:
765:
and the nearby mainland coastline were destroyed. Several seagoing vessels in the ports of Chittagong and
661:
262:
3625:"BBC Weather Centre – World Weather – News – 15/11/2007 – Severe Cyclone Sidr hurtles towards Bangladesh"
1995:
LĂłpez-Carresi, Alejandro; Fordham, Maureen; Wisner, Ben; Kelman, Ilan; Gaillard, Jc (November 12, 2013).
3597:"Scott Carney & Jason Miklian's 'The Vortex' is based on the wild theory of a cyclone splitting Pak"
2351:
1388:
1189:
1070:
1028:
1003:
547:
392:
3460:
3336:
1516:
237:. At least 300,000 people died in the storm, possibly as many as 500,000, primarily as a result of the
3178:
1262:
of its type, it was extremely successful in raising money, aid and awareness for the region's plight.
1077:
personnel evacuated because of fears of violence. The situation deteriorated further and evolved into
2346:
1733:
1205:
777:
233:
on November 12, 1970. It remains the deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded and one of the world's
175:
968:
Khan said there was a lack of understanding of the magnitude of the disaster. He also said that the
1682:
1437:
1405:
1394:
962:
693:
420:
382:
817:
and reported experiencing hurricane-force winds before it sank. There was also widespread rain in
2088:
1890:
1258:, in part from the Bhola cyclone, and from the civil war and genocide. Although it was the first
1134:
1116:
882:
870:
850:
265:
44:
The ITOS 1 weather satellite image of the cyclone making landfall in East Pakistan on November 12
1155:
raised about ÂŁ1.5 million (ÂŁ29 million in 2023) for disaster relief in East Pakistan.
1615:
427:
on the morning of November 8. The depression intensified as it moved slowly northward, and the
3699:
3689:
3628:
3001:
2881:
2716:
2681:
2593:
2542:
2470:
2414:
2316:
2275:
2224:
2002:
1955:
1463:
1347:
1141:
1052:
1040:
1032:
861:
in the weeks following the storm, but the survey found no evidence of an epidemic of cholera,
3152:
3130:
2669:
2629:
2506:
2356:
1741:
961:
charge of the relief operations on November 24. The governor of East Pakistan, Vice Admiral
535:
432:
412:
372:
218:
3486:
1089:
India became one of the first nations to offer aid to Pakistan, despite the generally poor
3724:
3530:
3263:
1375:
1259:
1247:
1159:
1057:
814:
416:
408:
113:
3686:
The Vortex: A True Story of History's Deadliest Storm, an Unspeakable War, and Liberation
1888:
Sullivan, Walter (November 22, 1970). "Cyclone May Be Worst Catastrophe Of The Century".
1275:
adopted a proposal to improve its ability to provide aid to disaster-stricken countries.
419:
on November 5, 1970. The remnants of this system contributed to the development of a new
2577:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2526:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2454:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2398:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2259:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2208:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
1737:
3198:
2975:
2924:
2372:
2112:
1867:
1410:
1197:
977:
937:
842:
770:
766:
613:
493:
272:
1413:(2008) – the deadliest named tropical cyclone worldwide in terms of direct fatalities.
3733:
3611:"'Just kill 20,000 Bengalis': Zulfikar Bhutto's advice to Yahya Khan before 1971 war"
1432:
1302:
1148:
1107:
1100:
995:
957:
942:
921:
873:, where the mortality was 46.3%, corresponding to approximately 77,000 deaths in the
858:
485:
456:
444:
424:
253:
222:
186:
105:
3523:"WHO | Reduced death rates from cyclones in Bangladesh: what more needs to be done?"
1637:
39:
1998:
Disaster Management: International Lessons in Risk Reduction, Response and Recovery
1416:
1361:
1279:
1251:
1172:
1167:
1163:
981:
953:
762:
758:
747:
303:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
280:
242:
1119:
to be spent on constructing cyclone shelters and rebuilding housing. The American
531:
The Bhola cyclone is the deadliest tropical cyclone on record and also one of the
2184:
1996:
1216:
had collected US$ 3.5 million to supply aid to the victims of the disaster.
952:
In the ten days following the cyclone, one military transport aircraft and three
3582:
2832:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 29.
1521:
World Meteorological Organization's World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive
1440:– The deadliest Pacific typhoon and the third deadliest tropical cyclone overall
1431: – Landmass that appeared in the aftermath of the cyclone in the
1244:
1184:
1120:
984:. Relief work continued in the field, but the long-term planning was curtailed.
841:, where the water was almost undrinkable with a salt content of up to 0.5%. The
818:
743:
524:
was significantly stronger when it made landfall in the same general area, as a
238:
230:
3022:
2911:. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. Associated Press. November 23, 1970. p. 3.
459:
coastline during the evening of November 12, around the same time as the local
3703:
3434:
2584:
2533:
2461:
2405:
2266:
2215:
1850:
1323:
1220:
1130:
1127:
946:
845:
was estimated at 14.2%—equivalent to a death toll of 240,000. Cyclone-related
806:
798:
751:
738:
734:
276:
226:
109:
3552:
2823:
2685:
2320:
17:
1021:
846:
834:
the second survey, approximately 1.4% of the area's population was studied.
460:
924:
carrying medical personnel and supplies left Chittagong for the islands of
299:
2597:
2546:
2474:
2418:
2279:
2228:
2805:"Pakistanis Crisis Virtually Halts Rehabilitation Work in Cyclone Region"
1428:
933:
862:
810:
538:
in modern history. A comparable number of people died as a result of the
464:
452:
257:
1936:(European ed.). Darmstadt, Hesse. Associated Press. pp. 14–15.
1183:
where they treated nearly 27,000 people and carried out a smallpox
1123:
offered to send volunteers but were rebuffed by the central government.
1024:" and condemned the military junta's response as "criminal negligence".
2827:
1208:
1180:
1166:
both sent helicopters and various supplies worth US$ 1.3 million.
929:
917:
874:
854:
3487:"Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) Bangladesh Red Crescent Society"
2715:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 32–33.
2183:. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. Archived from
3354:
1201:
3000:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Cambridge University Press. p. 125.
1397:– The deadliest tropical cyclone recorded in the Southern Hemisphere
877:
alone. The mean mortality throughout the affected region was 16.5%.
889:. This reflected the storm's toll on the less healthy individuals.
467:. The storm then rapidly weakened into a remnant low over southern
3060:
2880:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 33.
1151:
to deliver supplies to offshore islands. An appeal by the British
925:
886:
468:
298:
268:, over 45% of the population of 167,000 were killed by the storm.
190:
2056:
Climatological Center, Meteorological Development Bureau (2011).
3221:"Nixon Pledges $ 10-Million Aid For Storm Victims in Pakistan"
2089:
https://www.academia.edu/14280191/CYCLONE_HAZARD_IN_BANGLADESH
773:
were under 1 m (3.3 ft) of water for several hours.
448:
2102:"Cyclonic Storm Surge Modelling for Design of Coastal Polder"
980:
and then by a ban on government work in East Pakistan by the
528:-equivalent cyclone with 260 km/h (160 mph) winds.
3431:"Cyclone Protection and Coastal Area Rehabilitation Project"
865:, or any other disease in the region affected by the storm.
829:
Two medical relief surveys were carried out by the Pakistan-
2787:. United Press International. November 24, 1970. p. 9.
1747:
10.1175/1520-0477(1971)052<0438:TDTCIH>2.0.CO;2
1020:
described the destruction caused by the cyclone akin to a "
516:
Although the North Indian Ocean is the least active of the
327:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
322:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
1819:(1). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 19.
1608:"NOAA Researcher's Warning Helps Save Lives in Bangladesh"
916:
The day after the storm struck the coast, three Pakistani
797:, with very heavy rain falling in places on November 8–9.
769:
were reported damaged, and the airports at Chittagong and
395:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
347:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
342:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
245:. Bhola was the sixth and strongest cyclonic storm of the
3242:"U.S. and British Helicopters Arrive to Aid Cyclone Area"
2509:(November 22, 1970). "Pakistanis Fear Cholera's Spread".
1115:
had not been handed over in March. Much of the money was
337:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
2063:(Report). Thai Meteorological Department. Archived from
2058:
Tropical cyclones in Thailand: Historical data 1951–2010
332:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
3461:"The Beatles Bible – Live: The Concert For Bangla Desh"
3185:. Mitchell, South Dakota. Associated Press. p. 1.
2758:"East Pakistani Leaders Assail Yahya on Cyclone Relief"
283:
to gain a landslide victory in the province during the
2954:"Pakistan Cyclone Relief Still Jumbled and Inadequate"
2309:"DISEASE INCREASES IN PAKISTANI AREA SWEPT BY CYCLONE"
3413:"World Bank Offers Plan to Reconstruct East Pakistan"
3135:"People Still Dying Because Of Inadequate Relief Job"
2652:"Toll In Pakistan Is Put At 16,000, Expected To Rise"
1544:
1542:
1484:"World's deadliest tropical cyclone was 50 years ago"
1200:
donated US$ 2.1 million in food and cash, while
2878:
1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh
2713:
1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh
1921:
1919:
1809:"Worst Cyclone of the Century Batters East Pakistan"
415:
on November 4, and subsequently moved west over the
352:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
3583:"Watch Days of Fury (1979) on the Internet Archive"
182:
170:
156:
151:
143:
120:
99:
91:
72:
64:
56:
49:
2159:"Thousands of Pakistanis Are Killed by Tidal Wave"
1906:"East Pakistan Failed To Use Storm-Warning System"
1460:Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones
1301:(1979), directed by Fred Warshofsky and hosted by
241:that flooded much of the low-lying islands of the
27:Tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan in 1970
2905:"Pakistan relief program flounder as toll mounts"
2138:"Pakistan Death Toll 55,000; May Rise to 300,000"
3172:
3170:
1772:"Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions"
435:the next day. No country in the region had ever
3262:. Disasters Emergency Committee. Archived from
2899:
2897:
1956:"The tropical cyclone problem in East Pakistan"
1722:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1612:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1523:. Arizona State University. November 12, 2020.
1425:– The deadliest hurricane in the Atlantic basin
992:
902:
3553:"Cyclone shelters save lives, but more needed"
2822:Heitzman, James; Worden, Robert, eds. (1989).
2575:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2524:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2452:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2447:
2445:
2443:
2396:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2391:
2389:
2257:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2206:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
1462:(2 ed.). Facts On File Inc. p. 215.
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
1846:"Many Pakistan flood victims died needlessly"
1840:
1838:
1550:"The 16 deadliest storms of the last century"
1297:Footage of the incident appeared in the film
8:
1718:"The deadliest tropical cyclone in history?"
1672:"Western North Pacific Tropical Storms 1969"
1517:"World: Highest Mortality, Tropical Cyclone"
994:We have a large army, but it is left to the
32:
3651:"Bangladesh cyclone death toll hits 15,000"
2181:EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database
1928:"The Day The Cyclone Came To East Pakistan"
793:The cyclone brought widespread rain to the
38:
31:
3407:
3405:
3236:
3234:
3125:
3123:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3054:"A Critical Juncture Analysis, 1964–2003"
2853:
2851:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2752:
2750:
2100:Kabir, M. M.; Saha, B. C.; Hye, J. M. A.
1745:
1162:2 million of assistance. France and
2624:
2622:
2501:
2499:
2153:
2151:
1770:India Meteorological Department (1970).
1716:Frank, Neil; Husain, S. A. (June 1971).
557:
3108:Halloran, Richard (November 29, 1970).
1587:from the original on September 17, 2021
1527:from the original on September 30, 2020
1450:
559:Deadliest tropical cyclones since 1900
3750:1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
3684:Carney, Scott; Miklian, Jason (2022).
3563:from the original on November 14, 2016
3503:from the original on November 14, 2016
3110:"Pakistan Storm Relief a Vast Problem"
3033:from the original on December 28, 2020
2363:from the original on December 21, 2019
2144:. Associated Press. November 16, 1970.
2015:from the original on November 12, 2023
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
761:, and the rice crops of Bhola Island,
285:election that took place a month later
247:1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
201:1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
122:Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone
3219:Naughton, James (November 17, 1970).
3189:from the original on January 19, 2016
3177:Zeitlin, Arnold (November 20, 1970).
2966:from the original on January 19, 2016
2915:from the original on January 19, 2016
2692:from the original on October 31, 2022
1926:Zeitlin, Arnold (December 11, 1970).
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1648:from the original on January 19, 2016
1581:"Remembering the great Bhola cyclone"
1511:
1509:
7:
3392:"Thant Again Asks Aid To Pakistanis"
3390:Brewer, Sam Pope (August 13, 1971).
3052:Olson, Richard (February 21, 2005).
2952:Zeitlin, Arnold (January 13, 1971).
2327:from the original on August 13, 2023
1579:Francis, Julian (November 9, 2019).
1560:from the original on January 7, 2022
1384:List of Bangladesh tropical cyclones
252:The cyclone formed over the central
3371:from the original on April 13, 2007
2859:"Copter Shortage Balks Cyclone Aid"
1490:. November 12, 2020. Archived from
3305:"Medical Mission to East Pakistan"
3303:Choy Choi Kee (November 7, 1999).
3157:"Pakistan Leader Visits Survivors"
3021:Technologies, Jin (June 1, 2003).
2962:. Associated Press. p. P-11.
2836:from the original on June 22, 2011
2803:Durdin, Tillman (March 11, 1971).
2674:"YAHYA CONCEDES 'SLIPS' IN RELIEF"
2634:"Yahya Condedes 'Slips' in Relief"
1954:Dunn, Gordon (November 28, 1961).
1807:Schwerdt, Richard (January 1971).
1606:Ouderm, Paula (December 6, 2007).
490:Pakistan Meteorological Department
488:system was not used properly. The
25:
3718:On this day – liketelevision
3661:from the original on May 19, 2011
3467:from the original on May 27, 2016
2781:"Yahya Directing Disaster Relief"
1976:from the original on June 7, 2012
1823:from the original on May 17, 2021
1391:– The deadliest Pacific hurricane
1018:Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1013:Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
750:. In the port at Chittagong, the
271:The Pakistani government, led by
3765:Extremely severe cyclonic storms
3204:
2981:
2930:
2378:
2359:. November 15, 1970. p. 1.
1939:
1873:
1858:from the original on May 9, 2016
1854:. January 31, 1971. p. E3.
1781:. pp. 10–11. Archived from
1368:
1354:
1340:
1326:
1158:The Canadian government pledged
988:Criticism of government response
387:
377:
367:
235:deadliest humanitarian disasters
3785:Tropical cyclones in Bangladesh
1967:American Meteorological Society
1730:American Meteorological Society
1284:Bangladesh Red Crescent Society
429:India Meteorological Department
74:Extremely severe cyclonic storm
2824:"Emerging Discontent, 1966–70"
733:The meteorological station in
1:
3260:"DEC Appeals and Evaluations"
3248:. Reuters. November 20, 1970.
3179:"Official Death Toll 148,116"
2996:van Schendel, Willem (2009).
2764:. Reuters. November 23, 1970.
1214:League of Red Cross Societies
1153:Disasters Emergency Committee
3775:November 1970 events in Asia
2109:Institute of Water Modelling
1668:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
544:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
147:240 km/h (150 mph)
95:185 km/h (115 mph)
2829:Bangladesh: A Country Study
2347:"Cyclone Toll Still Rising"
795:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3806:
3790:Tropical cyclones in India
3760:Environment of West Bengal
3723:November 15, 2020, at the
3613:. The Print. May 27, 2022.
3359:"Sixty Years For Children"
2876:Raghavan, Srinath (2013).
2711:Raghavan, Srinath (2013).
2001:. Routledge. p. 250.
1679:Annual Typhoon Report 1969
1256:The Concert for Bangladesh
1254:were inspired to organize
1239:The Concert for Bangladesh
1236:
1233:The Concert for Bangladesh
174:$ 86.4 million (1970
164:Deadliest tropical cyclone
3780:Tropical cyclones in 1970
3755:Environment of Bangladesh
2959:Long Beach Press-Telegram
1779:India Weather Review 1970
1458:Longshore, David (2007).
1271:list of specialists. The
716:
705:
506:National Hurricane Center
499:Following two previously
289:Bangladesh Liberation War
196:
127:
79:
37:
3770:History of East Pakistan
3286:"Pope to Visit Pakistan"
3023:"General Elections 1970"
2737:"Foreign Relief Spurred"
1334:Tropical cyclones portal
1291:next destructive cyclone
910:Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan
540:1976 Tangshan earthquake
2998:A History of Bangladesh
1423:Great Hurricane of 1780
1401:1991 Bangladesh cyclone
1079:the subsequent genocide
522:1991 Bangladesh cyclone
518:tropical cyclone basins
482:Indo-Pakistani friction
3437:. 2005. Archived from
1963:Monthly Weather Review
1556:. September 13, 2017.
1554:Business Insider India
1113:United States Congress
1085:International response
1064:Political consequences
1000:
906:
400:
295:Meteorological history
51:Meteorological history
3657:. November 18, 2007.
3337:"Tokyo Increases Aid"
3155:(November 25, 1970).
3133:(November 29, 1970).
2672:(November 28, 1970).
2632:(November 22, 1970).
2352:Florence Morning News
2315:. November 18, 1970.
1688:on September 25, 2018
1389:1959 Mexico hurricane
1190:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1071:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1029:Pakistan Red Crescent
1004:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
970:1970 general election
666:Thailand, Bangladesh
548:2010 Haiti earthquake
393:Extratropical cyclone
302:
215:Great Cyclone of 1970
3559:. January 30, 2008.
3533:on November 21, 2013
3292:. November 22, 1970.
2865:. November 18, 1970.
2743:. November 22, 1970.
2658:. November 15, 1970.
2165:. November 14, 1970.
1813:Mariners Weather Log
1494:on December 18, 2023
1206:UN Secretary-General
501:destructive cyclones
314:Saffir–Simpson scale
217:) was a devastating
100:Lowest pressure
3419:. December 2, 1970.
3343:. December 2, 1970.
3310:Ministry of Defence
2541:(7759): 1029–1036.
2469:(7759): 1029–1036.
2413:(7759): 1029–1036.
2274:(7759): 1029–1036.
2223:(7759): 1029–1036.
1912:. December 1, 1970.
1738:1971BAMS...52..438F
1438:Typhoon Nina (1975)
1406:1999 Odisha cyclone
1395:1973 Flores cyclone
1273:UN General Assembly
1038:A reporter for the
898:Government response
560:
451:. The cyclone made
407:developed over the
405:Tropical Storm Nora
383:Subtropical cyclone
213:(also known as the
34:
3688:. New York: Ecco.
3631:on January 7, 2008
3417:The New York Times
3396:The New York Times
3341:The New York Times
3290:The New York Times
3246:The New York Times
3225:The New York Times
3183:The Daily Republic
3161:The New York Times
3139:The New York Times
3114:The New York Times
2863:The New York Times
2809:The New York Times
2785:The New York Times
2762:The New York Times
2741:The New York Times
2678:The New York Times
2656:The New York Times
2638:The New York Times
2511:The New York Times
2313:The New York Times
2163:The New York Times
2142:The New York Times
1910:The New York Times
1891:The New York Times
1642:en.banglapedia.org
998:to bury our dead.
558:
401:
211:1970 Bhola cyclone
144:Highest winds
129:1-minute sustained
92:Highest winds
81:3-minute sustained
33:1970 Bhola cyclone
3153:Schanberg, Sydney
3131:Schanberg, Sydney
3070:on April 14, 2007
3027:Story of Pakistan
2909:The Daily Tribune
2887:978-0-674-72864-6
2722:978-0-674-72864-6
2670:Schanberg, Sydney
2630:Schanberg, Sydney
2507:Schanberg, Sydney
2177:"Country Profile"
1933:Stars and Stripes
1583:. Dhaka Tribune.
1469:978-0-8160-6295-9
1348:Bangladesh portal
1041:Pakistan Observer
1033:British Red Cross
936:. Teams from the
731:
730:
536:natural disasters
431:upgraded it to a
207:
206:
68:November 13, 1970
16:(Redirected from
3797:
3745:1970 in Pakistan
3707:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3627:. Archived from
3621:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3599:. Tribute India.
3593:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3529:. Archived from
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3491:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3441:on March 4, 2007
3427:
3421:
3420:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3363:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3317:on June 26, 2007
3313:. Archived from
3300:
3294:
3293:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3266:on April 7, 2007
3256:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3127:
3118:
3117:
3105:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3063:. Archived from
3058:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2949:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2800:
2789:
2788:
2777:
2766:
2765:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2607:on June 22, 2007
2606:
2600:. Archived from
2581:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2556:on June 22, 2007
2555:
2549:. Archived from
2530:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2484:on June 22, 2007
2483:
2477:. Archived from
2458:
2449:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2428:on June 22, 2007
2427:
2421:. Archived from
2402:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2357:Associated Press
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2289:on June 22, 2007
2288:
2282:. Archived from
2263:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2238:on June 22, 2007
2237:
2231:. Archived from
2212:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2118:on June 22, 2007
2117:
2111:. Archived from
2106:
2097:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2070:on March 3, 2016
2069:
2062:
2053:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1960:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1788:on June 14, 2019
1787:
1776:
1767:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1713:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1681:. Archived from
1676:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1614:. Archived from
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1455:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1006:
941:victims of then
912:
561:
413:Gulf of Thailand
391:
390:
381:
380:
373:Tropical cyclone
371:
370:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
291:7 months later.
219:tropical cyclone
160:300,000–500,000
123:
116:
75:
60:November 8, 1970
52:
42:
35:
21:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3730:
3729:
3725:Wayback Machine
3714:
3696:
3683:
3680:
3678:Further reading
3675:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3463:. August 1971.
3459:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3192:
3190:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3107:
3106:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3008:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2969:
2967:
2951:
2950:
2939:
2929:
2918:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2779:
2778:
2769:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2377:
2366:
2364:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2187:on May 12, 2016
2175:
2174:
2170:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2009:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1755:
1715:
1714:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1674:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1644:. Banglapedia.
1636:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1618:on May 17, 2008
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1376:Pakistan portal
1374:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1311:
1268:
1260:benefit concert
1248:George Harrison
1241:
1235:
1087:
1066:
1008:
1002:
996:British Marines
990:
914:
908:
900:
895:
827:
815:distress signal
791:
598:Bangladesh 1991
556:
514:
477:
423:in the central
417:Malay Peninsula
409:South China Sea
403:On November 1,
399:
398:
397:
396:
388:
385:
378:
375:
368:
365:
359:
358:
354:
353:
349:
348:
344:
343:
339:
338:
334:
333:
329:
328:
324:
323:
319:
317:
308:
304:
297:
287:as well as the
275:leader General
197:
161:
152:Overall effects
121:
103:
73:
50:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3803:
3801:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3713:
3712:External links
3710:
3709:
3708:
3695:978-0062985415
3694:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3642:
3616:
3602:
3588:
3574:
3544:
3514:
3478:
3452:
3422:
3401:
3382:
3346:
3328:
3295:
3277:
3251:
3230:
3211:
3199:Newspapers.com
3166:
3144:
3119:
3081:
3044:
3013:
3006:
2988:
2976:Newspapers.com
2937:
2925:Newspapers.com
2893:
2886:
2868:
2847:
2814:
2790:
2767:
2746:
2728:
2721:
2703:
2661:
2643:
2618:
2567:
2516:
2495:
2439:
2385:
2373:Newspapers.com
2338:
2300:
2249:
2198:
2168:
2147:
2129:
2092:
2081:
2048:
2037:
2026:
2007:
1987:
1946:
1915:
1897:
1880:
1868:Newspapers.com
1834:
1799:
1753:
1699:
1659:
1629:
1598:
1571:
1538:
1505:
1488:public.wmo.int
1475:
1468:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1411:Cyclone Nargis
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1365:
1351:
1337:
1321:
1318:
1310:
1307:
1267:
1264:
1237:Main article:
1234:
1231:
1198:United Nations
1098:U.S. President
1086:
1083:
1065:
1062:
991:
989:
986:
978:general strike
938:Pakistani Army
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
826:
823:
809:en route from
805:, a 5,500-ton
790:
787:
729:
728:
725:
719:
718:
715:
712:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
691:
687:
686:
683:
680:
675:
671:
670:
667:
664:
659:
655:
654:
651:
648:
643:
639:
638:
635:
632:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
611:
607:
606:
603:
600:
595:
591:
590:
587:
584:
579:
575:
574:
571:
568:
565:
555:
552:
513:
510:
494:Radio Pakistan
476:
473:
471:that evening.
433:cyclonic storm
386:
376:
366:
361:
360:
318:
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
296:
293:
229:) and India's
205:
204:
194:
193:
184:
183:Areas affected
180:
179:
172:
168:
167:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
125:
124:
118:
117:
112:); 28.35
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
77:
76:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3802:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:1970 in India
3738:
3737:
3735:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3660:
3656:
3655:The Telegraph
3652:
3646:
3643:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3383:
3367:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3007:9781108684644
3003:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2977:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2926:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2592:(7759): 7–8.
2591:
2587:
2586:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2374:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2253:
2250:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2014:
2010:
2008:9781136179778
2004:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1800:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Bay of Bengal
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1352:
1349:
1338:
1335:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1303:Vincent Price
1300:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:In 1966, the
1276:
1274:
1266:Post-disaster
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1250:and musician
1249:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:landing craft
1146:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1133:, centred on
1132:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:Richard Nixon
1099:
1095:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1005:
999:
997:
987:
985:
983:
979:
973:
971:
966:
964:
959:
958:West Pakistan
955:
950:
948:
944:
943:East Pakistan
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:hospital ship
919:
913:
911:
905:
897:
892:
890:
888:
885:region, near
884:
878:
876:
872:
866:
864:
860:
859:typhoid fever
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
832:
824:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
788:
786:
782:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
740:
736:
726:
724:
721:
720:
713:
711:
708:
704:
700:
697:
695:
692:
689:
688:
684:
681:
679:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
663:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
647:
644:
641:
640:
636:
633:
631:
628:
625:
624:
620:
617:
615:
612:
609:
608:
604:
601:
599:
596:
593:
592:
588:
585:
583:
580:
577:
576:
572:
569:
566:
563:
562:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
511:
509:
507:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
486:storm warning
483:
474:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:East Pakistan
454:
450:
446:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Bay of Bengal
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
394:
384:
374:
364:
316:
315:
301:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
264:
259:
255:
254:Bay of Bengal
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:(present-day
224:
223:East Pakistan
220:
216:
212:
203:
202:
195:
192:
188:
187:East Pakistan
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
18:Bhola cyclone
3685:
3663:. Retrieved
3654:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:the original
3619:
3605:
3591:
3577:
3567:November 13,
3565:. Retrieved
3556:
3547:
3537:November 13,
3535:. Retrieved
3531:the original
3526:
3517:
3507:November 13,
3505:. Retrieved
3493:
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3455:
3443:. Retrieved
3439:the original
3425:
3416:
3395:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3349:
3340:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3315:the original
3308:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3264:the original
3254:
3245:
3224:
3214:
3197:– via
3191:. Retrieved
3182:
3160:
3147:
3138:
3113:
3072:. Retrieved
3065:the original
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3026:
3016:
2997:
2991:
2974:– via
2968:. Retrieved
2957:
2923:– via
2917:. Retrieved
2908:
2877:
2871:
2862:
2838:. Retrieved
2828:
2817:
2811:. p. 2.
2808:
2784:
2761:
2740:
2731:
2712:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2677:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2609:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2589:
2583:
2570:
2558:. Retrieved
2551:the original
2538:
2532:
2519:
2510:
2486:. Retrieved
2479:the original
2466:
2460:
2430:. Retrieved
2423:the original
2410:
2404:
2371:– via
2365:. Retrieved
2350:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2284:the original
2271:
2265:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2233:the original
2220:
2214:
2201:
2189:. Retrieved
2185:the original
2180:
2171:
2162:
2141:
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2113:the original
2095:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2065:the original
2051:
2040:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
1997:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1962:
1949:
1931:
1909:
1900:
1889:
1883:
1866:– via
1860:. Retrieved
1849:
1825:. Retrieved
1816:
1812:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1783:the original
1778:
1725:
1721:
1690:. Retrieved
1683:the original
1678:
1662:
1652:November 13,
1650:. Retrieved
1641:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:the original
1601:
1591:February 24,
1589:. Retrieved
1574:
1564:February 23,
1562:. Retrieved
1553:
1531:February 23,
1529:. Retrieved
1520:
1498:December 26,
1496:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1487:
1478:
1459:
1453:
1417:Cyclone Sidr
1362:India portal
1313:
1312:
1299:Days of Fury
1298:
1296:
1288:
1280:Red Crescent
1277:
1269:
1252:Ravi Shankar
1243:In 1971, ex-
1242:
1218:
1195:
1178:
1168:Pope Paul VI
1164:West Germany
1157:
1143:
1136:
1125:
1106:
1096:
1088:
1075:
1067:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1026:
1009:
1001:
993:
982:Awami League
974:
967:
954:crop-dusting
951:
915:
907:
903:
879:
867:
836:
828:
803:Mahajagmitra
802:
792:
783:
775:
763:Hatia Island
759:Bhola Island
756:
748:Ganges Delta
732:
723:Unnamed 1965
710:Unnamed 1958
678:Unnamed 1919
662:Harriet 1962
646:Unnamed 1917
630:Unnamed 1911
581:
530:
515:
498:
478:
475:Preparations
442:
402:
362:
312:
281:Awami League
270:
251:
243:Ganges Delta
221:that struck
214:
210:
208:
199:
198:Part of the
128:
80:
29:
3527:www.who.int
2696:October 31,
1622:January 24,
1314:The Vortrex
1185:vaccination
1121:Peace Corps
963:S. M. Ahsan
819:West Bengal
771:Cox's Bazar
744:storm surge
727:Bangladesh
714:Bangladesh
682:Bangladesh
650:Bangladesh
634:Bangladesh
614:Nargis 2008
602:Bangladesh
586:Bangladesh
573:Fatalities
239:storm surge
231:West Bengal
3734:Categories
3704:1304903239
3435:World Bank
2585:The Lancet
2534:The Lancet
2462:The Lancet
2406:The Lancet
2331:August 13,
2267:The Lancet
2216:The Lancet
2074:October 5,
1851:Lowell Sun
1445:References
1221:World Bank
1131:task force
1128:Royal Navy
1050:editor of
947:Bangladesh
871:Tazumuddin
825:Death toll
799:Port Blair
752:storm tide
739:anemometer
735:Chittagong
582:Bhola 1970
567:Name/Year
554:Bangladesh
526:Category 5
421:depression
363:Storm type
277:Yahya Khan
266:Tazumuddin
227:Bangladesh
166:on record)
157:Fatalities
65:Dissipated
3445:April 15,
3375:April 15,
3321:April 15,
3270:April 15,
3193:April 15,
3074:April 15,
3037:April 15,
2970:April 15,
2919:August 5,
2840:April 15,
2686:0362-4331
2611:April 15,
2560:April 15,
2488:April 15,
2432:April 15,
2367:April 15,
2321:0362-4331
2293:April 15,
2242:April 15,
2191:April 15,
2122:April 15,
1980:April 15,
1862:April 15,
1792:April 15,
1692:March 15,
1638:"Cyclone"
1142:HMS
1135:HMS
1117:earmarked
1091:relations
1022:Holocaust
893:Aftermath
851:abrasions
847:morbidity
843:mortality
807:freighter
694:Nina 1975
533:deadliest
461:high tide
3721:Archived
3659:Archived
3561:Archived
3498:Archived
3494:iawe.org
3465:Archived
3366:Archived
3187:Archived
3031:Archived
2964:Archived
2913:Archived
2834:Archived
2690:Archived
2361:Archived
2325:Archived
2013:Archived
1971:Archived
1856:Archived
1821:Archived
1670:(1969).
1646:Archived
1585:Archived
1558:Archived
1525:Archived
1429:New Moor
1320:See also
1309:In Books
1137:Intrepid
1047:Observer
934:Kutubdia
918:gunboats
863:smallpox
839:Sudharam
811:Calcutta
637:120,000
621:138,373
618:Myanmar
605:138,866
589:300,000
546:and the
465:Agartala
453:landfall
357:Unknown
258:landfall
3665:May 19,
3635:May 19,
3585:. 1979.
2598:4112181
2547:4112181
2475:4112181
2419:4112181
2280:4112181
2229:4112181
1827:May 19,
1734:Bibcode
1732:: 438.
1209:U Thant
1181:Sandwip
1144:Triumph
1053:Ittefaq
930:Sandwip
883:control
855:cholera
746:at the
717:12,000
701:26,000
685:40,000
669:50,935
653:70,000
570:Region
455:on the
307:Map key
263:upazila
3702:
3692:
3471:May 3,
3355:UNICEF
3004:
2884:
2719:
2684:
2596:
2545:
2473:
2417:
2319:
2278:
2227:
2019:May 6,
2005:
1466:
1245:Beatle
1202:UNICEF
1173:Soviet
1058:rupees
920:and a
767:Mongla
698:China
512:Impact
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
171:Damage
57:Formed
3501:(PDF)
3490:(PDF)
3369:(PDF)
3362:(PDF)
3068:(PDF)
3061:USAID
3057:(PDF)
2605:(PDF)
2580:(PDF)
2554:(PDF)
2529:(PDF)
2482:(PDF)
2457:(PDF)
2426:(PDF)
2401:(PDF)
2287:(PDF)
2262:(PDF)
2236:(PDF)
2211:(PDF)
2116:(PDF)
2105:(PDF)
2068:(PDF)
2061:(PDF)
1974:(PDF)
1959:(PDF)
1786:(PDF)
1775:(PDF)
1728:(6).
1686:(PDF)
1675:(PDF)
945:(now
926:Hatia
887:Dhaka
875:thana
831:SEATO
789:India
564:Rank
469:Assam
437:named
273:junta
191:India
133:SSHWS
3700:OCLC
3690:ISBN
3667:2020
3637:2020
3569:2016
3557:IRIN
3539:2016
3509:2016
3473:2016
3447:2007
3377:2007
3323:2007
3272:2007
3195:2007
3076:2007
3039:2007
3002:ISBN
2972:2007
2921:2015
2882:ISBN
2842:2007
2717:ISBN
2698:2022
2682:ISSN
2613:2007
2594:PMID
2562:2007
2543:PMID
2490:2007
2471:PMID
2434:2007
2415:PMID
2369:2007
2333:2023
2317:ISSN
2295:2007
2276:PMID
2244:2007
2225:PMID
2193:2007
2124:2007
2076:2020
2034:NOAA
2021:2016
2003:ISBN
1982:2007
1864:2007
1829:2016
1794:2007
1694:2012
1654:2016
1624:2008
1593:2022
1566:2022
1533:2022
1500:2022
1464:ISBN
1219:The
1196:The
1140:and
1108:CARE
1027:The
932:and
857:and
778:US$
209:The
189:and
137:JTWC
114:inHg
110:mbar
104:960
2045:MDR
1742:doi
1226:IDA
1160:C$
449:hPa
445:eye
176:USD
106:hPa
85:IMD
3736::
3698:.
3653:.
3555:.
3525:.
3496:.
3492:.
3433:.
3415:.
3404:^
3394:.
3364:.
3357:.
3339:.
3307:.
3288:.
3244:.
3233:^
3223:.
3181:.
3169:^
3159:.
3137:.
3122:^
3112:.
3084:^
3059:.
3029:.
3025:.
2956:.
2940:^
2907:.
2896:^
2861:.
2850:^
2826:.
2807:.
2793:^
2783:.
2770:^
2760:.
2749:^
2739:.
2688:.
2680:.
2676:.
2654:.
2636:.
2621:^
2588:.
2582:.
2537:.
2531:.
2498:^
2465:.
2459:.
2442:^
2409:.
2403:.
2388:^
2355:.
2349:.
2323:.
2311:.
2270:.
2264:.
2219:.
2213:.
2179:.
2161:.
2150:^
2140:.
2107:.
2011:.
1969:.
1965:.
1961:.
1930:.
1918:^
1908:.
1848:.
1837:^
1817:15
1815:.
1811:.
1777:.
1756:^
1740:.
1726:52
1724:.
1720:.
1702:^
1677:.
1640:.
1610:.
1552:.
1541:^
1519:.
1508:^
1486:.
1305:.
1126:A
1081:.
928:,
706:9
690:8
674:7
658:6
642:5
626:4
610:3
594:2
578:1
542:,
249:.
3706:.
3669:.
3639:.
3571:.
3541:.
3511:.
3475:.
3449:.
3398:.
3379:.
3325:.
3274:.
3227:.
3201:.
3163:.
3141:.
3116:.
3078:.
3041:.
3010:.
2978:.
2927:.
2890:.
2844:.
2725:.
2700:.
2640:.
2615:.
2590:1
2564:.
2539:1
2513:.
2492:.
2467:1
2436:.
2411:1
2375:.
2335:.
2297:.
2272:1
2246:.
2221:1
2195:.
2126:.
2078:.
2023:.
1984:.
1894:.
1870:.
1831:.
1796:.
1750:.
1744::
1736::
1696:.
1656:.
1626:.
1595:.
1568:.
1535:.
1502:.
1472:.
178:)
162:(
139:)
135:/
131:(
108:(
87:)
83:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
