155:, Arabia (present day Aden) there is a continuous length of coast, and by extending 2000 stadia or more, along which there are nomads and Fish Eaters living in villages; just beyond the cape projecting from this bay there is another market town by the shore, Cana, of the Kingdom of Eliazus, the frankincense country; and facing it there are two desert islands, one called Island of Birds, the other Dome Island, one hundred and twenty stadia from Cana. Inland from this place lies the Metropolis Sabbatha, in which the King lives. All the frankincense produced in the country is brought by camels to that place to be stored, and to Cana on rafts held up by inflated skins after the manner of the country, and in boats. And this place has a trade also with the far side ports, with Barygaza and Scythia and Ommana and with the neighbouring coast of Persia. There are imported into this place from, Egypt, a little wheat and wine, as at
163:) ; clothing in the Arabian style, plain and common and most of it spurious; and copper and tin and coral and storax and other things such as go to Muza; and for the King usually wrought gold and silver plate, also horses, images, and thin clothing of fine quality. And there are exported from this place, native produce, frankincense and aloes, and the rest of the things that enter into the trade of the other ports. The voyage to this place is best made at the same time as that to Muza, or rather earlier.
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The alleged ruins of a Jewish synagogue were also discovered in Biʾr ʿAlī, dating back to at least the 3rd century CE. It is presumed that Jewish merchants from
Hellenistic communities outside of Yemen may have eventually chosen to settle in that place, where they would have been occupied in the
223:
However, the identification of the site has been strongly questioned by scientists: "The mirage of Qanīʾ’s Jews serves as a cautionary tale. ... What we don’t know is this: almost anything about the function of the buildings excavated in Sector Three at Qanīʾ"
266:
Tradition and archaeology: Early
Maritime Contacts in the Indian Ocean. Proceedings of the International Seminar Techno-archaeological Perspectives of Seafaring in the Indian Ocean 4th cent. BC–15th cent. AD, New Delhi, Feb. 28–March 4,
295:
Barbara
Davidde & Roberto Petriaggi, Considerations on commercial trades of Laodiceum and Amineum wines through the underwater archaeological findings in the port of Qani’. In: S. Antonini, A. Shu‘lân & Munir Arbach (eds),
212:
trade of aromatics. This assumption is based on the five-lined Greek inscription that was preserved in the synagogue of ancient Qanīʻ (Biʾr ʿAlī), the content of which being a petition by a man named Kosmās unto the One God (
378:
184:
script. The conclusion drawn by researchers, B. Davidde and R. Petriaggi, is that from the mid-1st century CE wine was imported from Italy and Syria upon camels that disembarked from Coptos (
176:) dating back to the 1st century CE were discovered in Biʾr ʿAlī in 1988, in an underwater excavation along the shores of the Indian Ocean. On one of the jars is inscribed a word in the
298:
Sabaean
Studies: Archaeological, Epigraphical and Historical Studies in Honour of Yusuf Abdallah, Alessandro de Maigret, Christian Robin on the occasion of their 60th birthday
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In antiquity, Qanīʾ was mainly a trading port for spices from India and
Eastern coast of Africa. Describing the part of his voyage after leaving the
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479:
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Françoise
Briquel-Chatonnet, Les graffiti en langues nord-sémitique de Bīr ‘Alī (Qāni’). In: J.F. Salles & A. Sedov (eds.),
352:
Seland, Eivind (2005). "Ancient South Arabia: trade and strategies of state control as seen in the "Periplus MarisErythraei"".
143:
464:
283:
Qāni’: Le poet antique de
Hadramawt entre la Méditerannée, l'Afrique et L'Inde, Fouilles Russes 1972, 1985-89, 1991, 1993-94
472:
844:
747:
303:
Mark
Letteney and Simcha Gross, "Reconsidering the Earliest Synagogue in Yemen." Studies in Late Antiquity 6(4).
264:
ibid., Qana’ (Yemen) and the Indian Ocean: The archaeological evidence. In: H. P. Raye & J.-F. Salles (eds),
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situated on the western shore of the Red Sea, and from there transported by ship to trade centers in Arabia,
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The
Periplus of the Erythrean Sea - Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century
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Letteney, Mark; Gross, Simcha (1 November 2022). "Reconsidering the
Earliest Synagogue in Yemen".
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Rougeulle, Axelle (2001). "Notes on pre- and early Islamic harbours of Ḥaḍramawt (Yemen)".
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Arabia Felix from the Time of the Queen of Sheba: Eighth Century B.C. to First Century A.D.
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A. V. Sedov, New archaeological and epigraphic material from Qana, South Arabia.
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188:) which lies along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt, thence unto ports
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Translated from the French by Albert LaFarge. Notre Dame, Indiana (1999)
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Davidde and Petriaggi 2005, p. 176; cf. Briquel-Chatonnet 2010.
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Hadramawt Towns and villages in the Hadhramaut Governorate
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Bet kǝneset yǝhudi qadum bǝ‘ir ha-namel qani she-bǝ-teman
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Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 27, 29, 32, 33, 36, 57
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354:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
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404:(Longmans, Green and Co. London, 1912) 27-28
112:. In pre-Islamic times, the port was called
422:Sedov 1992; 1996; Breton 1999, pp. 171–173.
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390:Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 6.26.7
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220:) while traversing the vast wastelands.
840:Populated places in Shabwah Governorate
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300:(2005), pp. 85–95. Naples-Ṣan‘ā’
192:– a place that later became known as
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216:) that he will protect his caravan (
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855:Ancient Greek geography of Arabia
323:Alternative spelling, Kanê; see:
259:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
180:(Tadmori) alphabet and a word in
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285:, Lyon 201 (2010), pp. 387
144:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
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234:Wahidi Sultanate of Biʾr ʿAlī
141:and Aden, the author of the
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261:, (1992) pp. 110–137
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748:Merkhah As Sufla District
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443:Studies in Late Antiquity
104:. The name means "Ali's
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850:Ancient history of Yemen
700:Merkhah Al Ulya District
455:10.1525/sla.2022.6.4.627
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274:Jean-François Breton,
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360:: 271–278.
333:: 203–214.
190:Myos Hormos
172:Wine jars (
68:Governorate
834:Categories
807:48°20′31″E
804:14°01′30″N
449:(4): 627.
311:References
133:Literature
713:Al-Haydah
708:Al-Jafrah
523:Districts
512:Capital:
214:eis theos
194:al-Quṣayr
178:Palmyrene
94:Biʾr ʿAlī
80:Time zone
34:Bi'r `Ali
718:Al-Khays
615:Al-Allya
366:41219383
339:41223682
228:See also
202:Ethiopia
198:Berenike
174:amphorae
153:Eudaemon
728:Al-Qawh
723:Al-Aqer
218:synodia
139:Red Sea
73:Shabwah
49:Country
733:Halhal
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196:– and
182:Syriac
151:After
110:Arabic
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738:Naqaq
362:JSTOR
335:JSTOR
206:India
114:Qanīʾ
108:" in
98:Yemen
85:UTC+3
61:Yemen
514:Ataq
267:1994
204:and
186:Qift
157:Muza
122:Κάνη
106:Well
451:doi
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