144:, Arabia (present day Aden) there is a continuous length of coast, and by extending 2000 stadia or more, along which there are nomads and Fish Eaters living in villages; just beyond the cape projecting from this bay there is another market town by the shore, Cana, of the Kingdom of Eliazus, the frankincense country; and facing it there are two desert islands, one called Island of Birds, the other Dome Island, one hundred and twenty stadia from Cana. Inland from this place lies the Metropolis Sabbatha, in which the King lives. All the frankincense produced in the country is brought by camels to that place to be stored, and to Cana on rafts held up by inflated skins after the manner of the country, and in boats. And this place has a trade also with the far side ports, with Barygaza and Scythia and Ommana and with the neighbouring coast of Persia. There are imported into this place from, Egypt, a little wheat and wine, as at
152:) ; clothing in the Arabian style, plain and common and most of it spurious; and copper and tin and coral and storax and other things such as go to Muza; and for the King usually wrought gold and silver plate, also horses, images, and thin clothing of fine quality. And there are exported from this place, native produce, frankincense and aloes, and the rest of the things that enter into the trade of the other ports. The voyage to this place is best made at the same time as that to Muza, or rather earlier.
487:
44:
31:
200:
The alleged ruins of a Jewish synagogue were also discovered in Biʾr ʿAlī, dating back to at least the 3rd century CE. It is presumed that Jewish merchants from
Hellenistic communities outside of Yemen may have eventually chosen to settle in that place, where they would have been occupied in the
212:
However, the identification of the site has been strongly questioned by scientists: "The mirage of Qanīʾ’s Jews serves as a cautionary tale. ... What we don’t know is this: almost anything about the function of the buildings excavated in Sector Three at Qanīʾ"
255:
Tradition and archaeology: Early
Maritime Contacts in the Indian Ocean. Proceedings of the International Seminar Techno-archaeological Perspectives of Seafaring in the Indian Ocean 4th cent. BC–15th cent. AD, New Delhi, Feb. 28–March 4,
284:
Barbara
Davidde & Roberto Petriaggi, Considerations on commercial trades of Laodiceum and Amineum wines through the underwater archaeological findings in the port of Qani’. In: S. Antonini, A. Shu‘lân & Munir Arbach (eds),
201:
trade of aromatics. This assumption is based on the five-lined Greek inscription that was preserved in the synagogue of ancient Qanīʻ (Biʾr ʿAlī), the content of which being a petition by a man named Kosmās unto the One God (
367:
173:
script. The conclusion drawn by researchers, B. Davidde and R. Petriaggi, is that from the mid-1st century CE wine was imported from Italy and Syria upon camels that disembarked from Coptos (
165:) dating back to the 1st century CE were discovered in Biʾr ʿAlī in 1988, in an underwater excavation along the shores of the Indian Ocean. On one of the jars is inscribed a word in the
287:
Sabaean
Studies: Archaeological, Epigraphical and Historical Studies in Honour of Yusuf Abdallah, Alessandro de Maigret, Christian Robin on the occasion of their 60th birthday
828:
475:
789:
843:
126:
In antiquity, Qanīʾ was mainly a trading port for spices from India and
Eastern coast of Africa. Describing the part of his voyage after leaving the
848:
838:
468:
270:
Françoise
Briquel-Chatonnet, Les graffiti en langues nord-sémitique de Bīr ‘Alī (Qāni’). In: J.F. Salles & A. Sedov (eds.),
341:
Seland, Eivind (2005). "Ancient South Arabia: trade and strategies of state control as seen in the "Periplus MarisErythraei"".
132:
453:
272:
Qāni’: Le poet antique de
Hadramawt entre la Méditerannée, l'Afrique et L'Inde, Fouilles Russes 1972, 1985-89, 1991, 1993-94
461:
833:
736:
292:
Mark
Letteney and Simcha Gross, "Reconsidering the Earliest Synagogue in Yemen." Studies in Late Antiquity 6(4).
253:
ibid., Qana’ (Yemen) and the Indian Ocean: The archaeological evidence. In: H. P. Raye & J.-F. Salles (eds),
688:
189:
situated on the western shore of the Red Sea, and from there transported by ship to trade centers in Arabia,
391:
The
Periplus of the Erythrean Sea - Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century
106:
56:
721:
613:
550:
673:
491:
90:
61:
430:
Letteney, Mark; Gross, Simcha (1 November 2022). "Reconsidering the
Earliest Synagogue in Yemen".
535:
511:
350:
323:
166:
701:
696:
706:
603:
716:
711:
565:
439:
182:
726:
314:
Rougeulle, Axelle (2001). "Notes on pre- and early Islamic harbours of Ḥaḍramawt (Yemen)".
265:
Arabia Felix from the Time of the Queen of Sheba: Eighth Century B.C. to First Century A.D.
658:
628:
595:
170:
766:
751:
643:
222:
145:
822:
580:
520:
149:
246:
A. V. Sedov, New archaeological and epigraphic material from Qana, South Arabia.
178:
94:
30:
804:
791:
443:
234:
68:
293:
177:) which lies along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt, thence unto ports
190:
186:
162:
141:
378:
354:
327:
267:
Translated from the French by Albert LaFarge. Notre Dame, Indiana (1999)
127:
98:
73:
194:
86:
49:
502:
174:
457:
402:
Davidde and Petriaggi 2005, p. 176; cf. Briquel-Chatonnet 2010.
235:
Hadramawt Towns and villages in the Hadhramaut Governorate
279:
Bet kǝneset yǝhudi qadum bǝ‘ir ha-namel qani she-bǝ-teman
368:
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 27, 29, 32, 33, 36, 57
765:
750:
735:
687:
672:
657:
642:
627:
612:
594:
579:
564:
549:
534:
519:
510:
281:. Qadmoniyyot 142 (2011), pp. 102–106 (Hebrew)
67:
55:
37:
21:
138:
343:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
316:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
469:
8:
393:(Longmans, Green and Co. London, 1912) 27-28
101:. In pre-Islamic times, the port was called
411:Sedov 1992; 1996; Breton 1999, pp. 171–173.
516:
476:
462:
454:
18:
379:Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 6.26.7
294:https://doi.org/10.1525/sla.2022.6.4.627
209:) while traversing the vast wastelands.
829:Populated places in Shabwah Governorate
305:
258:, Lyon-New Delhi (1996), pp. 11–35
66:
36:
27:
289:(2005), pp. 85–95. Naples-Ṣan‘ā’
181:– a place that later became known as
54:
7:
205:) that he will protect his caravan (
14:
844:Ancient Greek geography of Arabia
312:Alternative spelling, Kanê; see:
248:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
169:(Tadmori) alphabet and a word in
485:
42:
29:
274:, Lyon 201 (2010), pp. 387
133:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1:
223:Wahidi Sultanate of Biʾr ʿAlī
130:and Aden, the author of the
849:Ports and harbours of Yemen
865:
250:, (1992) pp. 110–137
110:
737:Merkhah As Sufla District
498:
432:Studies in Late Antiquity
93:. The name means "Ali's
28:
839:Ancient history of Yemen
689:Merkhah Al Ulya District
444:10.1525/sla.2022.6.4.627
85:is a village in eastern
89:. It is located in the
16:Place in Shabwah, Yemen
263:Jean-François Breton,
154:
805:14.02500°N 48.34194°E
420:Patrich 2011, p. 104.
76:(Yemen Standard Time)
157:Archaeological finds
801: /
492:Shabwah Governorate
389:Schoff, Wilfred H.
148:(near present day:
91:Shabwah Governorate
810:14.02500; 48.34194
536:Ar Rawdah District
834:Villages in Yemen
784:
783:
780:
779:
80:
79:
856:
816:
815:
813:
812:
811:
806:
802:
799:
798:
797:
794:
674:Mayfa'a District
566:As Said District
517:
490:
489:
488:
478:
471:
464:
455:
448:
447:
427:
421:
418:
412:
409:
403:
400:
394:
387:
381:
376:
370:
365:
359:
358:
338:
332:
331:
310:
277:Joseph Patrich,
136:wrote in 50 CE:
112:
48:
46:
45:
33:
19:
864:
863:
859:
858:
857:
855:
854:
853:
819:
818:
809:
807:
803:
800:
795:
792:
790:
788:
787:
785:
776:
761:
746:
731:
683:
668:
659:Jardan District
653:
638:
629:Habban District
623:
608:
596:Bayhan District
590:
575:
560:
545:
530:
506:
494:
486:
484:
482:
452:
451:
429:
428:
424:
419:
415:
410:
406:
401:
397:
388:
384:
377:
373:
366:
362:
340:
339:
335:
313:
311:
307:
302:
243:
231:
219:
159:
124:
119:
117:Ancient history
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
862:
860:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
821:
820:
782:
781:
778:
777:
775:
774:
771:
769:
767:Rudum District
763:
762:
760:
759:
756:
754:
752:Nisab District
748:
747:
745:
744:
741:
739:
733:
732:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
693:
691:
685:
684:
682:
681:
678:
676:
670:
669:
667:
666:
663:
661:
655:
654:
652:
651:
648:
646:
644:Hatib District
640:
639:
637:
636:
633:
631:
625:
624:
622:
621:
618:
616:
610:
609:
607:
606:
600:
598:
592:
591:
589:
588:
585:
583:
577:
576:
574:
573:
570:
568:
562:
561:
559:
558:
555:
553:
547:
546:
544:
543:
540:
538:
532:
531:
529:
528:
525:
523:
514:
508:
507:
499:
496:
495:
483:
481:
480:
473:
466:
458:
450:
449:
422:
413:
404:
395:
382:
371:
360:
333:
304:
303:
301:
298:
297:
296:
290:
282:
275:
268:
261:
260:
259:
242:
239:
238:
237:
230:
229:External links
227:
226:
225:
218:
215:
158:
155:
123:
120:
118:
115:
78:
77:
71:
65:
64:
59:
53:
52:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
861:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
817:
814:
773:
772:
770:
768:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
734:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
692:
690:
686:
680:
679:
677:
675:
671:
665:
664:
662:
660:
656:
650:
649:
647:
645:
641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
626:
620:
619:
617:
615:
614:Dhar District
611:
605:
602:
601:
599:
597:
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
581:Ataq District
578:
572:
571:
569:
567:
563:
557:
556:
554:
552:
551:Arma District
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
533:
527:
526:
524:
522:
518:
515:
513:
509:
505:
504:
497:
493:
479:
474:
472:
467:
465:
460:
459:
456:
445:
441:
437:
433:
426:
423:
417:
414:
408:
405:
399:
396:
392:
386:
383:
380:
375:
372:
369:
364:
361:
356:
352:
348:
344:
337:
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
309:
306:
299:
295:
291:
288:
283:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
257:
252:
251:
249:
245:
244:
240:
236:
233:
232:
228:
224:
221:
220:
216:
214:
210:
208:
204:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
156:
153:
151:
147:
143:
137:
135:
134:
129:
121:
116:
114:
108:
107:Ancient Greek
105:(Qane, Cana,
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
75:
72:
70:
63:
60:
58:
51:
40:
32:
20:
786:
521:Ain District
500:
435:
431:
425:
416:
407:
398:
390:
385:
374:
363:
346:
342:
336:
319:
315:
308:
286:
278:
271:
264:
254:
247:
241:Bibliography
211:
206:
202:
199:
160:
150:Mocha, Yemen
139:
131:
125:
102:
82:
81:
808: /
349:: 271–278.
322:: 203–214.
179:Myos Hormos
161:Wine jars (
57:Governorate
823:Categories
796:48°20′31″E
793:14°01′30″N
438:(4): 627.
300:References
122:Literature
702:Al-Haydah
697:Al-Jafrah
512:Districts
501:Capital:
203:eis theos
183:al-Quṣayr
167:Palmyrene
83:Biʾr ʿAlī
69:Time zone
23:Bi'r `Ali
707:Al-Khays
604:Al-Allya
355:41219383
328:41223682
217:See also
191:Ethiopia
187:Berenike
163:amphorae
142:Eudaemon
717:Al-Qawh
712:Al-Aqer
207:synodia
128:Red Sea
62:Shabwah
38:Country
722:Halhal
353:
326:
185:– and
171:Syriac
140:After
99:Arabic
47:
727:Naqaq
351:JSTOR
324:JSTOR
195:India
103:Qanīʾ
97:" in
87:Yemen
74:UTC+3
50:Yemen
503:Ataq
256:1994
193:and
175:Qift
146:Muza
111:Κάνη
95:Well
440:doi
113:).
825::
434:.
347:35
345:.
320:31
318:.
197:.
109::
477:e
470:t
463:v
446:.
442::
436:6
357:.
330:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
