254:
205:
336:
300:
87:
32:
292:
197:
312:
wood interior. In addition to issues of humidity and temperature, the stacks are affected by another "enemy": papirófagos, insects that survive on paper. But, the structure is protected by being constructed of oak woods, that, in addition to its dense nature (which makes it difficult for wood penetration), elicits an odor that is repellent to these insects.
311:
constructed with exterior walls around 2.11 metres (83 in) thick. The door of the "vault" is constructed of teak, that permits the space maintain a constant temperature of 18–20 °C (64–68 °F). To maintain this stable environment the humidity hovers around 60%, thereby conditioning the
244:
The care taken in this respect is a direct consequence of the rarity and age of the documents in the library; the collection date from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, whose majority represent the best works from Europe at the time. The library contains about 250 thousand volumes, namely works of
236:
The building has three floors and shelters about 200,000 volumes, of which 40,000 are located on the first floor. These bibliographic collections can be consulted, by request, with justification and motives for the need to consultation. Upon approval, the referenced work is taken to the
324:
being the other) whose books are protected from insects by the presence of a colony of bats within the library. During the night, the bats consume the insects that appear, eliminating the pest and assisting the maintenance of the stacks. Each night, workers cover the "buffets"
282:
The walls are covered by two storied shelves, in gilded or painted exotic woods (primarily from Brazil); the painted ceilings, by the Lisbon artists Simões
Ribeiro and Vicente Nunes, blend harmoniously with the rest of the decoration.
278:
Over the entrance door, the library exhibits the national coat of arms. Inside, there are three great rooms divided by decorated arches, bearing the same style as the portal and entirely executed by
Portuguese artists.
307:
All the bibliographic works are in the best condition since the building is a perfect vault, with a stable environment, throughout the year, from summer to winter. The building was conceived as a
335:
271:
motifs painted on exotic South
American wood were entirely executed by Portuguese artists, with the notable exception being the monumental portrait of King John V of Portugal, executed by
253:
188:
in Europe. It is home to more than 70,000 volumes, including many priceless, historical documents and first editions. It is registered as a
National Monument.
716:
342:
726:
721:
659:
532:
731:
672:
587:
637:
424:
632:(in Portuguese and English). Photography by Paulo Mendes (2nd ed.). Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra / Coimbra University Press.
398:
711:
373:
228:), the name that it was known, received its first books in 1750, its construction completed between 1717 and 1728.
558:
263:
The artistry of the library is characterized by its international origin and emphasizes the global reach of the
204:
245:
medicine, geography, history, humanistic studies, science, civil and canon law, philosophy and theology.
174:
45:
477:
185:
177:. The Biblioteca Joanina is regularly considered one of the most beautiful libraries in the world.
213:
181:
633:
299:
272:
264:
209:
86:
31:
654:
291:
705:
583:
321:
345:
Panoramic view of the university courtyard (Paço das
Escolas) with library at left
196:
627:
268:
329:) with sheets of leather. In the morning the library is cleaned of bat guano.
687:
674:
533:"The Bats Help Preserve Old Books But They Drive Librarians, Well, Batty"
326:
184:, who began construction on the library in 1717, during the onset of the
170:
166:
162:
159:
298:
290:
252:
203:
195:
655:
University of
Coimbra: Joanina Library (including virtual visit)
399:"World Book Day: The Most Spectacular Libraries in the World"
451:
320:
The library is noted as being one of two in the world (the
621:(in Portuguese). Coimbra, Portugal: University of Coimbra.
588:"Bats Act As Pest Control at Two Old Portuguese Libraries"
664:
180:
The
Biblioteca Joanina is named after its founder, King
241:
by a staff member, where the document can be examined.
425:"The World's Most Beautiful Libraries – in Pictures"
117:
109:
101:
96:
74:
66:
61:
53:
41:
20:
374:"See 23 of the World's Most Enchanting Libraries"
478:"Eight of the World's Most Beautiful Libraries"
8:
452:"The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World"
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
17:
367:
365:
450:Breitenbach, Dagmar (24 October 2019).
361:
665:University of Coimbra: General Library
557:Hartnett, Kevin (17 September 2013).
526:
524:
7:
629:Biblioteca Joanina / Library Joanina
154:, sometimes known in English as the
717:Buildings and structures in Coimbra
531:Kowsmann, Patricia (17 June 2018).
14:
518:University of Coimbra (2009), p.1
476:Prasad, Suren (19 August 2019).
334:
85:
30:
372:Mesku, Melissa (9 April 2019).
727:Tourist attractions in Coimbra
722:Academic libraries in Portugal
258:View of the monumental façade.
173:, located at the heart of the
1:
732:Libraries established in 1717
660:Joanina Library Information
748:
626:Fiolhais, Carlos (2014).
200:One of the reading desks.
144:
140:
84:
29:
295:Interior of the library.
303:Shelves of the library.
97:Design and construction
304:
296:
260:
217:
201:
105:João Carvalho Ferreira
712:University of Coimbra
586:(19 September 2013).
302:
294:
256:
207:
199:
175:University of Coimbra
46:University of Coimbra
592:Smithsonian Magazine
559:"Bats Eat Bookworms"
322:Mafra palace library
226:House of the Library
186:Age of Enlightenment
684: /
537:Wall Street Journal
378:National Geographic
688:40.2071°N 8.4265°W
619:Biblioteca Joanina
305:
297:
261:
218:
214:John V of Portugal
202:
182:John V of Portugal
152:Biblioteca Joanina
21:Biblioteca Joanina
639:978-989-26-0694-1
287:Book preservation
265:Portuguese Empire
212:portrait of King
148:
147:
49:Coimbra, Portugal
25:
739:
699:
698:
696:
695:
694:
693:40.2071; -8.4265
689:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
643:
622:
617:UC, ed. (2009).
603:
602:
600:
598:
580:
574:
573:
571:
569:
554:
548:
547:
545:
543:
528:
519:
516:
493:
492:
490:
488:
473:
467:
466:
464:
462:
447:
441:
440:
438:
436:
421:
415:
414:
412:
410:
395:
389:
388:
386:
384:
369:
338:
239:Biblioteca Geral
222:Casa da Livraria
136:
134:
128:
126:
89:
79:Building details
34:
23:
18:
747:
746:
742:
741:
740:
738:
737:
736:
702:
701:
692:
690:
686:
683:
678:
675:
673:
671:
670:
651:
646:
640:
625:
616:
612:
607:
606:
596:
594:
582:
581:
577:
567:
565:
556:
555:
551:
541:
539:
530:
529:
522:
517:
496:
486:
484:
475:
474:
470:
460:
458:
449:
448:
444:
434:
432:
431:. 1 August 2018
423:
422:
418:
408:
406:
397:
396:
392:
382:
380:
371:
370:
363:
358:
353:
348:
347:
346:
344:
339:
318:
289:
259:
251:
234:
194:
156:Joanine Library
132:
130:
124:
122:
92:
80:
77:
48:
37:
24:Joanine Library
22:
12:
11:
5:
745:
743:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
704:
703:
668:
667:
662:
657:
650:
649:External links
647:
645:
644:
638:
623:
613:
611:
608:
605:
604:
575:
549:
520:
494:
468:
442:
416:
405:. 21 July 2015
390:
360:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
341:
340:
333:
332:
331:
317:
314:
288:
285:
273:Domenico Duprà
257:
250:
247:
233:
230:
210:Domenico Duprà
193:
190:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
94:
93:
90:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
70:70,000 volumes
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
43:
39:
38:
35:
27:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
744:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
700:
697:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
648:
641:
635:
631:
630:
624:
620:
615:
614:
609:
593:
589:
585:
584:Nuwer, Rachel
579:
576:
564:
560:
553:
550:
538:
534:
527:
525:
521:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
495:
483:
479:
472:
469:
457:
453:
446:
443:
430:
426:
420:
417:
404:
403:The Telegraph
400:
394:
391:
379:
375:
368:
366:
362:
355:
350:
343:
337:
330:
328:
323:
315:
313:
310:
309:library house
301:
293:
286:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
255:
248:
246:
242:
240:
231:
229:
227:
223:
215:
211:
206:
198:
191:
189:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
143:
139:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
91:Reading rooms
88:
83:
73:
69:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
16:
669:
628:
618:
595:. Retrieved
591:
578:
566:. Retrieved
562:
552:
540:. Retrieved
536:
485:. Retrieved
481:
471:
459:. Retrieved
455:
445:
433:. Retrieved
429:The Guardian
428:
419:
407:. Retrieved
402:
393:
381:. Retrieved
377:
319:
308:
306:
281:
277:
262:
243:
238:
235:
232:Architecture
225:
221:
219:
208:View of the
179:
155:
151:
149:
118:Construction
102:Architect(s)
15:
691: /
597:26 February
568:26 February
542:26 February
487:26 February
461:26 February
435:26 February
409:26 February
383:26 February
269:Chinoiserie
54:Established
36:Main façade
706:Categories
676:40°12′26″N
563:Boston.com
351:References
62:Collection
679:8°25′35″W
327:credenzas
275:in 1725.
171:Portugal
76:Building
42:Location
610:Sources
482:Spear's
192:History
167:Coimbra
163:library
160:Baroque
158:, is a
131: (
123: (
113:Baroque
636:
249:Design
356:Notes
129:–1728
110:Style
634:ISBN
599:2022
570:2022
544:2022
489:2022
463:2022
437:2022
411:2022
385:2022
316:Bats
220:The
150:The
133:1728
125:1717
121:1717
67:Size
57:1717
165:in
708::
590:.
561:.
535:.
523:^
497:^
480:.
456:DW
454:.
427:.
401:.
376:.
364:^
267:.
169:,
642:.
601:.
572:.
546:.
491:.
465:.
439:.
413:.
387:.
325:(
224:(
216:.
135:)
127:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
